DK145188B - PROCEDURE FOR REGULATING A THROTTLE HEAT EXCHANGED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEATING A FINE CORN MATERIAL ISSUES CEMENTRAMEL - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR REGULATING A THROTTLE HEAT EXCHANGED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEATING A FINE CORN MATERIAL ISSUES CEMENTRAMEL Download PDF

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Publication number
DK145188B
DK145188B DK479372A DK479372A DK145188B DK 145188 B DK145188 B DK 145188B DK 479372 A DK479372 A DK 479372A DK 479372 A DK479372 A DK 479372A DK 145188 B DK145188 B DK 145188B
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flue gas
furnace
temperature
heat exchanger
regulating
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DK479372A
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Danish (da)
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DK145188C (en
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H Herchenbach
H Hoeher
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)

Description

145188145188

Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde af den i kravets indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a method of the kind set forth in the preamble of the claim.

I brændeanlæg til termisk behandling af et finkornet materiale, især anlæg til fremstilling af cementklinker, ledes til reduktion af varmeforbruget den varme røggas fra ovnen gennem en forvarmer, i hvilken det finkornede udgangsmateriale, det såkaldte cementrå-mel, opvarmes ved direkte kontakt med ovnens varme røggas. Herved afkøles røggassen, der forlader ovnen med en temperatur på tilnærmelsesvis 1100°C, til ca.In heating systems for the thermal treatment of a fine-grained material, in particular plants for the production of cement clinker, to reduce heat consumption, the hot flue gas from the furnace is passed through a preheater in which the fine-grained starting material, the so-called cement raw material, is heated by direct contact with the heat of the furnace. flue gas. The flue gas leaving the oven at a temperature of approximately 1100 ° C is cooled to approx.

30G°C ved afgivelse af varme til cementråmelet i forvarmeren, hvorved cementråmelet opvarmes til tilnærmelsesvis 800-90QoC, hvorefter det forvarmede cement-råmel fra forvarmeren overføres til roterovnen.30G ° C by delivering heat to the cement raw material in the preheater, whereby the cement raw material is heated to approximately 800-90 ° C, after which the preheated cement raw flour from the preheater is transferred to the rotary kiln.

Kvaliteten af den i roterovnen fremstillede cementklinker er hovedsageligt afhængig af en god styring af roterovnen, især en god styring af behandlingsprocessen i ovnens sintringszone.The quality of the cement clinker produced in the rotary kiln is mainly dependent on a good control of the rotary kiln, especially a good control of the treatment process in the sintering zone of the kiln.

Man har hidtil overvåget og reguleret sintringszonen ved hjælp af kendte ovnreguleringskredsløb, ved hvilke man hovedsageligt i afhængighed af sintringszonetemperaturen regulerer brændstoft ilførselen, ovnens omløbstal og eventuelt den i tidsenheden i ovnen indførte materialemængde. Men også et såvidt muligt konstant forhold mellem ovnrøggasmængden og materialemængden i forvarmeren er vigtigt til sikring af en vidtgående konstant sintringszonetemperatur i ovnen, fordi man kun med et sådant konstant forhold kan sikre, at temperaturen af det i ovnen indførte forvarmede materiale vidtgående holdes konstant.Hitherto, the sintering zone has been monitored and regulated by means of known furnace control circuits, in which, mainly depending on the sintering zone temperature, the fuel flow, the furnace circulation number and, optionally, the amount of material introduced into the furnace into the furnace are controlled. But also as far as possible a constant ratio between the furnace flue gas quantity and the amount of material in the preheater is important to ensure a far constant sintering zone temperature in the furnace, because with such a constant ratio it can only be ensured that the temperature of the preheated material introduced into the furnace is kept constant.

Fra svensk patentskrift 138 869 kendes en fremgangsmåde og en termisk styring, ved hjælp af hvilke varmeudvekslingen mellem en opad strømmende gas og et pulverformet 145188 2 materiale skal reguleres i afhængighed af gassens tryk og strømningshastighed. De hertil nødvendige måleapparater til måling af trykket og strømningshastigheden (opdæmningsblende, venturirør m.m.) medfører imidlertid ikke blot en øget strømningsmodstand i forvarmerens rørledninger, for hvilken øgede modstand der skal kompenseres ved et tilsvarende øget energiforbrug, men medfører tillige på grund af materialepå-bagninger og afslidningsfænomener falske måleresultater, bortset fra, at et sådant måleapparatur er meget udsat for driftsforstyrrelser. Den omtalte kendte reguleringsindretning sikrer derfor hverken en tilstrækkelig nøjagtig tilpasning af gasmængden til materialet, der skal behandles, eller en under driften i praksis tilstrækkelig nøjagtig regulering til opretholdelse af en næsten konstant temperatur i det materiale, der forlader forvarmeren. Dette beror på, at man ved det kendte apparatur ikke kan opnå en repræsentativ registrering og regulering af temperaturen af ma-erialet, der forlader forvarmeren.Swedish patent specification 138 869 discloses a method and a thermal control by means of which the heat exchange between an upwardly flowing gas and a powdered material is to be controlled depending on the pressure and flow rate of the gas. However, the measuring devices needed to measure the pressure and flow rate (dammers, venturi etc.) not only result in an increased flow resistance in the preheater pipelines, for which increased resistance must be compensated by a correspondingly increased energy consumption, but also due to material dependencies and wear phenomena false measurement results, except that such a measuring device is very prone to operational disturbances. Accordingly, the prior art control device ensures neither a sufficiently accurate adjustment of the amount of gas to the material to be treated, nor a sufficiently precise control during operation to maintain an almost constant temperature in the material leaving the preheater. This is because, in the known apparatus, it is not possible to obtain a representative recording and control of the temperature of the material leaving the preheater.

Det er foreliggende opfindelses formål at tilvejebringe en reguleringsmetode, ved hjælp af hvilken man undgår de ovennævnte mangler og uden nævneværdig forsinkelse kan tilpasse ovnrøggasmængden til det gennem forvarmeren passerende finkornede materiale på en sådan måde, at det forvarmede materiale, der forlader forvarmeren og indføres i den direkte til forvarmeren sluttede ovn, har en næsten konstant temperatur. Dette opnås ved de i kravets kendetegnende del angivne foranstaltninger.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a control method by which the aforementioned shortcomings can be avoided and without significant delay the furnace flue gas quantity can be adapted to the fine grain material passing through the preheater in such a way that the preheated material leaving the preheater and introduced into the directly to the preheater connected oven, has an almost constant temperature. This is achieved by the measures specified in the characterizing part of the claim.

Derved opnås nemlig uden nævneværdig forsinkelse en repræsentativ registrering af enhver temperaturændring i det fra forvarmeren fjernede materiale og en regulering af temperaturen svarende til den for processen i ovnen optimale temperatur. Ved hjælp af måle- og reguleringsmetoden ifølge opfindelsen opdages med minimal forsinkelse selv små temperatursvingninger i det forvar- 3 U5188 mede materiale. Sådanne temperatursvingninger udlignes automatisk, så at materialet, der indføres i ovnen, til stadighed har en næsten konstant temperatur.Thereby, without any noticeable delay, a representative record of any temperature change in the material removed from the preheater is obtained and a regulation of the temperature corresponding to the temperature optimal for the process in the oven. By means of the measurement and control method according to the invention, even small temperature fluctuations in the pre-stored material are detected with minimal delay. Such temperature fluctuations are automatically offset so that the material introduced into the furnace is constantly at a constant temperature.

Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende ved hjælp af tegningen, der skematisk viser et anlæg til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing, which schematically shows a system for carrying out the method according to the invention.

På tegningen ses en roterovn 1 til brænding af cement-råmel og en regnet i materialets fremføringsretning før denne anbragt varmeveksler 2 til forvarmning af materialet. Varmeveksleren kan f.eks. bestå af fire over hinanden anbragte cykloner, som via rørledninger er indbyrdes forbundet i serie og successivt passeres af den varme røggas fra ovnen 1 i retning nedefra og opad. Det cementråmel, der skal opvarmes i den af cyklonerne dannede varmeveksler, indføres i røggasrørledningen til den regnet i gassens strømningsretning sidste cyklon via et doseringsapparat 3, f.eks. en doseringsbåndvægt, og passerer trinvis modsat røggas-strømmens retning ind i roterovnen. Ovnens røggas, der afkøles ved varmeudvekslingen med det finkornede materiale, suges ved hjælp af en sugeblæser 5 via en røggasledning 4 ud af varmeveksleren. Efter blæseren passerer røggassen gennem et formalingsapparat 6 og/eller gennem en støvudskiller 7, f.eks. et elektrostatisk filter. Til trykudligning i ovn-varmeveksler-systemet er der efter filtret anbragt en yderligere sugeblæser 8.The drawing shows a rotary furnace 1 for burning cement raw flour and one calculated in the feed direction of the material before it is placed heat exchanger 2 for preheating the material. The heat exchanger can e.g. consist of four superimposed cyclones which are connected in series via pipelines and passed successively by the hot flue gas from the furnace 1 in the downward and upward direction. The cement flour to be heated in the heat exchanger formed by the cyclones is introduced into the flue gas pipeline until it is calculated in the gas flow direction last cyclone via a metering apparatus 3, e.g. a metering band weight, and passes incrementally opposite the direction of the flue gas stream into the rotary furnace. The flue gas of the furnace, which is cooled by the heat exchange with the fine-grained material, is sucked out of the heat exchanger by means of a suction fan 5 via a flue gas line 4. After the fan, the flue gas passes through a grinder 6 and / or through a dust separator 7, e.g. an electrostatic filter. For pressure equalization in the furnace heat exchanger system, an additional suction fan 8 is provided after the filter.

Desuden er der i møllekredsløbet sædvanligvis anbragt en tilsvarende blæser for returluft.In addition, a corresponding blower for return air is usually arranged in the turbine circuit.

Til gennemførelse af reguleringsmetoden ifølge opfindelsen er der i røggasledningen 4 anbragt en temperaturføler 9, fortrinsvis et termoelement med et tyndt beskyttelsesrør, for at holde tidsforsinkelsen for temperaturmålingen så lille som muligt. Temperaturfølerens målesignal ledes via en måleomformer 10 til en røggas- 145188 4 temperaturregulator 11. Den målte værdi, der repræsenterer røggassens faktiske temperatur, sammenlignes med en forud fastlagt referenceværdi i regulatoren. Når den målte temperaturværdi er mindre end referenceværdien, øges sugeblæseren 5's omløbstal, medens dette tal reduceres, såfremt den målte værdi er højere end referenceværdien.For carrying out the control method according to the invention, a temperature sensor 9, preferably a thermocouple with a thin protective tube, is arranged in the flue gas line 4 to keep the time delay for the temperature measurement as small as possible. The temperature sensor's measurement signal is passed via a measuring converter 10 to a flue gas temperature controller 11. The measured value representing the actual temperature of the flue gas is compared with a predetermined reference value in the controller. When the measured temperature value is less than the reference value, the suction fan 5's circulation number is increased while this number is reduced if the measured value is higher than the reference value.

Den beskrevne røggasreguleringskreds tilpasses ovnens reguleringskreds, der regulerer sinterzonen, ved automatisk ændring af referenceværdien for røggastempe-raturregulatoren 11. Udgående fra den erkendelse, at reguleringsindgrebene i ovnens reguleringskreds, hvilke indgreb først og fremmest medfører en ændring af brændselstilførselen, tillige medfører en ændring af O^-indholdet i ovnrøggassen, er der i røggasstrømmen efter ovnen anbragt et organ 12 til måling af 02~mæng-den. Organet 12 er hensigtsmæssigt indskudt efter sugeblæseren 5, fordi der på dette sted i rørledningen på grund af indvirkningen af sugeblæseren 8 efter elek-trofiltret enten er trykligevægt med atmosfæren eller et svagt overtryk, hvorved udtagningen af gasprøver lettes. Gasmåleorganets signal tilføres en regulator 13 til ændring af referenceværdien. Regulatoren 13 er fortrinsvis indrettet som grænseværdiindikator.The flue gas regulating circuit described is adapted to the furnace regulating circuit which regulates the sinter zone by automatically changing the reference value of the flue gas temperature regulator 11. Based on the recognition that the regulating interventions in the furnace regulating circuit, which interferes first with a change of fuel, cause a change of fuel. The content of the furnace flue gas is arranged in the flue gas stream after the furnace means 12 for measuring the amount of O 2. The means 12 is conveniently inserted after the suction fan 5, because at this point in the pipeline due to the action of the suction fan 8 after the electro-filter there is either pressure equilibrium with the atmosphere or a slight overpressure, thereby facilitating the sampling of gas samples. The gas measuring means signal is applied to a regulator 13 to change the reference value. The controller 13 is preferably arranged as a limit value indicator.

Signalet sammenlignes i regulatoren 13 med referenceværdien eller med grænseværdierne for ovnrøggassens O^-indhold. Afviger de målte 02-mængder fra de forud fastlagte værdier, overlejres den indstillede referenceværdi i røggastemperaturregulatoren 11 med signalet fra regulatoren 13, idet overlejringsværdien enten adderes eller subtraheres svarende til den nødvendige ændring af referenceværdien. Herved er det muligt, at referencetemperaturværdien øges, når 02-koncentrationen i ovnrøggassen når ned under en forud fastlagt mindste værdi, eller sænkes, når 02-koncentrationen i ovnrøggassen når op over en forud bestemt maksimal værdi, 145188 5 hvorved sugeblæseren 5's omløbstal og dermed den i tidsenheden gennem forvarmeren passerende røggas-mængde henholdsvis øges eller mindskes.The signal is compared in the controller 13 with the reference value or with the limit values for the O₂ content of the furnace flue gas. If the measured O₂ values deviate from the predetermined values, the set reference value in the flue gas regulator 11 is overlaid with the signal from the controller 13, the overlay value being either added or subtracted corresponding to the necessary change of the reference value. Hereby, it is possible that the reference temperature value is increased when the O 2 concentration in the furnace flue gas reaches below a predetermined minimum value, or is lowered when the O 2 concentration in the furnace flue gas exceeds a predetermined maximum value, thereby raising the suction fan 5's number and thus the amount of flue gas passing through the preheater through the preheater increases or decreases, respectively.

Under driften fås ved denne reguleringskreds følgende virkninger:During operation, this control circuit has the following effects:

Til modstyring i tilfælde af temperaturfald i ovnens sinterzone øges ved hjælp af den kendte ovnreguleringskreds brændselsmængden, så at røggastemperaturen stiger, hvorved driften bliver uøkonomisk. Via røggastem-peraturreguleringskredsen opnås inden for givne grænser en reduktion af røggasmængden og en tilsvarende reduktion af luftoverskuddet. Herved fremmes en hurtigere opvarmning af sinterzonen. Overskrides herved en mindsteværdi for luftoverskuddet, bestemt efter ovnrøggassens 02~koncentration ved ovnens udløb, eller, som vist på tegningen, efter varmeveksleren, forhøjes referenceværdien ved hjælp af den automatiske regulering af denne ved regulatoren 13 for røggastemperaturen, hvorved den i tidsenheden gennem forvarmeren passerende røggasmængde øges.For counter-stepping in case of temperature drop in the sinter zone of the furnace, the amount of fuel is increased by means of the known furnace control circuit, so that the flue gas temperature rises, making the operation uneconomical. Via the flue gas temperature control circuit, within given limits, a reduction of the flue gas volume and a corresponding reduction of the excess air is achieved. This promotes a faster heating of the sinter zone. If this is exceeded a minimum value of the excess air, as determined by the concentration of the furnace flue gas at the outlet of the furnace, or, as shown in the drawing, after the heat exchanger, the reference value is increased by the automatic control thereof at the flue gas temperature controller 13 passing through the preheater in the unit of time. flue gas volume increases.

En tilsvarende regulering finder sted, når kalkandelen i råmelet mindskes. Da denne mindskelse har til følge, at materialet er lettere at brænde og der kræves mindre varme til afsyring af råmelet, stiger temperaturen i det af ovnen og varmeveksleren dannede system, så længe brændstofmængden holdes konstant. Røggastemperatur reguleringskredsen reducerer nu røggasmængden og understøtter herved i den rigtige virkningsretning den af ovnreguleringskredsen tilvejebragte reducering af brændstofmængden.A similar adjustment takes place when the calcium content of the raw flour is reduced. As this reduction results in the material being easier to burn and less heat required for deacidification of the raw flour, the temperature of the system formed by the furnace and the heat exchanger increases as long as the fuel quantity is kept constant. The flue gas temperature control circuit now reduces the amount of flue gas and thereby supports in the correct direction of action the reduction of the fuel quantity provided by the furnace control circuit.

Ved hjælp af disse to eksempler kan det endvidere konstateres, at røggastemperaturreguleringskredsen også reagerer rigtigt i tilfælde af ændringer af rekuperati- 145188 6 onsgraden i en pi tegningen vist klinkerkøler 14, der er sluttet til roterovnens materialeudleb. Eksemplerne viser endvidere, at det af roterovnen og varmeveksleren dannede brændesystem med henblik på trykket hensigtsmæssigt skal være koblet fra såvel systemet til køling af den færdigbrændte klinker som fra de efter brændesystemet anbragte apparater til fjernelse af støv og/eller til formaling af materialet, d.v.s. at der både ved forbindelsesstedet mellem roterovnen og kølesystemet og ved forbindelsesstedet til støvudskil-lelsesapparatet og/eller formalings- og tørreapparatet skal finde en trykudligning med atmosfæren sted. Mangler denne trykudligning, vil der være fare for, at indvirkningerne fra disse apparater på gasstrømningen forfalsker gasmængdebestemmelsen ved hjælp af temperatur-målingen.Furthermore, by means of these two examples it can be found that the flue gas temperature control circuit also reacts properly in the event of changes in the degree of recovery in a pincer cooler 14 shown in the drawing connected to the material outlet of the rotary kiln. The examples further show that the firing system formed by the rotary furnace and the heat exchanger for the purpose of pressure must be suitably disconnected from both the system for cooling the pre-burned clinker and from the apparatus for removing dust and / or for grinding the material, i.e.. that a pressure equalization with the atmosphere must take place both at the connection point between the rotary kiln and the cooling system and at the connection point to the dust separator and / or the grinding and drying apparatus. If this pressure equalization is missing, there will be a danger that the effects of these appliances on the gas flow will falsify the gas flow determination by means of the temperature measurement.

Det beskrevne reguleringskredsløb er ikke blot anvendeligt i forbindelse med cementbrændeanlæg, men kan med fordel anvendes i forbindelse med beslægtede anlæg, f.eks. anlæg til fremstilling af aluminiumoxid.The control circuit described is not only useful in connection with cement burning plants, but can advantageously be used in connection with related plants, e.g. plants for the production of alumina.

DK479372A 1971-10-01 1972-09-28 PROCEDURE FOR REGULATING A HEAT OVEN GAS POWERED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEATING A FINE CORN MATERIAL, ISSAR CEMENTRAMEL DK145188C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2149150 1971-10-01
DE19712149150 DE2149150C2 (en) 1971-10-01 1971-10-01 Method for regulating a preheating device operated with hot furnace exhaust gases for relatively fine-grained material

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DK145188B true DK145188B (en) 1982-09-27
DK145188C DK145188C (en) 1983-02-21

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JP (1) JPS565703B2 (en)
CH (1) CH545953A (en)
CS (1) CS215079B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2149150C2 (en)
DK (1) DK145188C (en)
ES (1) ES407010A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2155502A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1405488A (en)

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US4105639A (en) * 1977-05-11 1978-08-08 Schenectady Chemicals, Inc. Water soluble polyester resin
JPS56165814U (en) * 1980-05-09 1981-12-08
JPS57124517U (en) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-03
JPS5921303U (en) * 1982-07-31 1984-02-09 松下電工株式会社 Drainage structure
JPS60150205U (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-10-05 株式会社パイロット Wall panel joint structure

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US2883173A (en) * 1955-11-22 1959-04-21 Kennedy Van Saun Mfg & Eng Method and apparatus for preheating finely divided kiln charge with high temperature gases from the kiln

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GB1405488A (en) 1975-09-10
CH545953A (en) 1974-02-15
DK145188C (en) 1983-02-21
FR2155502A5 (en) 1973-05-18
CS215079B2 (en) 1982-07-30
DE2149150C2 (en) 1983-04-14
ES407010A1 (en) 1976-02-16
JPS4843718A (en) 1973-06-23
DE2149150A1 (en) 1973-04-05
JPS565703B2 (en) 1981-02-06

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