DE973807C - Process for the production of hard and wear-resistant utensils - Google Patents

Process for the production of hard and wear-resistant utensils

Info

Publication number
DE973807C
DE973807C DEK2944D DEK0002944D DE973807C DE 973807 C DE973807 C DE 973807C DE K2944 D DEK2944 D DE K2944D DE K0002944 D DEK0002944 D DE K0002944D DE 973807 C DE973807 C DE 973807C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
boron carbide
hard
wear
production
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEK2944D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Walter Dr Dawihl
Josef Dr Phil Hinnueber
Franz Dr Koelbl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Priority to DEK2944D priority Critical patent/DE973807C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE973807C publication Critical patent/DE973807C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/563Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on boron carbide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645Pressure sintering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/062Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on B4C

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von harten und verschleißfesten Gebrauchsgegenständen Die größte Schwierigkeit bei der Herstellung von technisch brauchbaren Formkörpern aus Borkarbid, z. B. von Hartfuttern für Sandstrahl- und sonstige Düsen, Ziehsteinen, Schneidwerkzeugen u. dgl., durch Niederschmelzen von Borkarbidpulver in Graphit-oder Kohleformen - andere Formen kommen praktisch nicht in Betracht - besteht darin, daß das Borkarbid bedeutende Mengen Kohlenstoff aus der Form herauslöst, die nach der Abkühlung als Trennflächen zwischen den Borkarbidkristallen erscheinen und deren Zusammenhang lockern. Zur Vermeidung dieser Schwierigkeit ist es bereits vorgeschlagen worden, Formkörper aus Borkarbid in der Weise herzustellen, daß gekörntes Borkarbid unter Erhitzen auf eine Temperatur, bei der es schmilzt oder weich wird, in einer Graphitform in neutraler Atmosphäre durch geeignete Druckeinwirkung geformt und durch sofortige rasche Abkühlung bewirkt wird, daß das Borkarbid nicht oder nur so kurzzeitig, als es für das Verfahren erforderlich ist, im geschmolzenen Zustand, in dem es in Berührung mit der Form beträchtliche Mengen Kohlenstoff aus dieser herauslösen könnte, verbleibt, so daß der erschmolzene Körper in der Hauptsache frei von graphitischen Trennflächen ist. Die Herstellung der Formkörper soll hierbei bei Temperaturen. von 22oo bis 2400°C bzw. beim Schmelzpunkt des Borkarbids erfolgen; die Korngröße des als Ausgangspulver verwendeten Borkarbids soll, um eine größtmögliche Dichte zu gewährleisten, so sein, wie sie sich durch ein Durchsieben durch ein Sieb von etwa o,o8 mm Maschenweite ergibt. Der Kohlenstoffgehalt des fertigen Formkörpers liegt, wie sich gezeigt hat, um i bis 2 °/o höher als der des Ausgangspulvers, so daß also bei diesem vorbekannten Verfahren zwar keine allzu große Kohlenstoffaufnahme zu befürchten, eine solche aber auch nicht zu vermeiden ist. Andererseits entstehen auch infolge der raschen Abkühlung in den Formkörpern Spannungen, die die Verwendungsmöglichkeiten einschränken, wie auch das Verfahren nicht genügend zielsicher ist, da das Endprodukt nicht die gleiche Zusammensetzung aufweist wie die Ausgangsmischung. Zudem erfordert das Verfahren auch die Anwendung sehr hoher Temperaturen, deren Handhabung mit technischen Schwierigkeiten verbunden ist. Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung gestattet die Herstellung von Formkörpern aus Borkarbid in einfacherer, allgemein anwendbarer Weise und besteht darin, daß Borkarbidpulver von einer Korngröße von o,= bis 30 p. bei Temperaturen von etwa i 6oo° C bis weniger als 2 ooo° C unter Druck gesintert wird. So kann beispielsweise, wie sich gezeigt hat, Borkarbid, das etwa 21 °/o Kohlenstoff enthält, bei einer Korngröße von i bis 5 #t unter einem Druck von etwa 40o kg/cm2 bei einer Temperatur von i 6oo bis i 8oo° C zu einem mechanisch festen und außerordentlich harten und gleichzeitig zähen Körper verdichtet werden. Die Herstellung der Formkörper erfolgt also nicht auf dem Weg über die Schmelzphase oder zumindest einen zähflüssigen Zustand, sondern bei Temperaturen, die wesentlich darunter liegen und technisch leichter beherrscht werden können. Man kann annehmen, daß bei der angewandten Korngröße die Pulverteilchen unter der Druckanwendung einander so weitgehend angenähert werden, daß die Atombeweglichkeit schon bei Temperaturen von weniger als 2ooo°C ausreicht, um sie zu einem dichten und mechanisch festen Körper zu vereinigen. Der Herstellungsgang ist nicht an eine schnelle Abkühlung gebunden. Des weiteren wird das Herauslösen von Kohlenstoff aus der Preßform infolge der verhältnismäßig niedrigen Sintertemperatur vermieden, so daß das Endprodukt praktisch die gleiche Zusammensetzung wie die Ausgangsmischung hat. Die Herstellung kann nach allen gebräuchlichen Drucksinterverfahren, also z. B. auch durch direkten Stromdurchgang unter Druck erfolgen. Als Ausgangsmaterial können alle handelsüblichen Borkarbide, auch solche mit sehr niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt benutzt werden. Auch wirkt sich freier Kohlenstoff (Graphit) selbst bei beträchtlichen Gehalten von beispielsweise 2 bis 3 °/o nicht nachteilig aus.Process for the production of hard and wear-resistant articles of daily use The greatest difficulty in the production of technically useful moldings from boron carbide, e.g. B. of hard chucks for sandblasting and other nozzles, drawing dies, Cutting tools and the like, by melting down boron carbide powder in graphite or Forms of coal - other forms are practically out of the question - consists in that the boron carbide dissolves significant amounts of carbon from the form that is after the cooling appear as interfaces between the boron carbide crystals and their Loosen the context. It has already been suggested to avoid this difficulty have been to produce molded bodies from boron carbide in such a way that granular boron carbide with heating to a temperature at which it melts or softens in a Graphite shape formed in a neutral atmosphere by suitable pressure and is effected by immediate rapid cooling that the boron carbide is not or only for as short a time as is necessary for the process, in the molten state, in which there is in contact with the form considerable amounts of carbon from this could dissolve, remains, so that the molten body in the main free of graphitic Parting surfaces is. The manufacture of the moldings should here at temperatures. from 22oo to 2400 ° C or at the melting point of the boron carbide take place; the grain size of the boron carbide used as the starting powder should be around one Ensure the greatest possible density, as it is through a sifting process through a sieve of about 0.08 mm mesh size. The carbon content of the finished As has been shown, the shaped body is i to 2% higher than that of the starting powder, so that with this previously known method, the carbon uptake is not too great to be feared, but such a situation cannot be avoided either. On the other hand arise also as a result of the rapid cooling in the moldings tensions, which the possible uses restrict, just as the process is not sufficiently targeted, as the end product does not have the same composition as the starting mixture. Also requires the process also involves the use of very high temperatures, their handling with technical Difficulties associated with it. The method according to the invention allows manufacture of shaped bodies made of boron carbide in a simpler, generally applicable manner and consists in that boron carbide powder with a grain size of o, = to 30 p. at temperatures is sintered from about 1500 ° C to less than 2000 ° C under pressure. For example, as has been shown, boron carbide, which contains about 21% carbon, in one Grain size from 1 to 5 #t under a pressure of about 40o kg / cm2 at a temperature from i 600 to i 800 ° C to a mechanically strong and extraordinarily hard and at the same time tough bodies are compacted. The moldings are produced So not on the way through the melting phase or at least a viscous state, but at temperatures that are much lower and technically easier can be mastered. It can be assumed that with the grain size used, the Powder particles are so largely approximated under the application of pressure, that the atomic mobility is sufficient at temperatures below 2ooo ° C, to unite them into a dense and mechanically solid body. The manufacturing process is not tied to rapid cooling. Furthermore, the detachment of carbon from the mold due to the relatively low sintering temperature avoided, so that the end product has practically the same composition as the starting mixture Has. The production can be done by all common pressure sintering processes, so z. B. can also be done by direct current passage under pressure. As a starting material can use all commercially available boron carbides, including those with a very low carbon content to be used. Also affects free carbon (graphite) even with considerable Not held to a disadvantage of, for example, 2 to 3%.

Es hat sich ferner überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß es bei Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung auch möglich ist, dem Borkarbidausgangspulver zur Erleichterung des Sinterns bis zu 15 °/o Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Chrom einzeln oder gemischt in Pulverform zuzumischen, ohne daß die daraus hergestellten Formkörper weichere mechanisch leicht angreifbare Stellen aufweisen.It has also been shown, surprisingly, that when it is carried out of the method according to the invention is also possible, the boron carbide starting powder to facilitate sintering up to 15% iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium individually or mixed in in powder form, without the moldings produced therefrom have softer, mechanically easily attackable areas.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: _. Verfahren zur Herstellung von harten und verschleißfesten Gebrauchsgegenständen, wie Hartfutter für Sandstrahl- und sonstige Düsen, Ziehsteinen, Schneidwerkzeugen u. dgl., aus Borkarbid, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Borkarbidpulv er von einer Korngröße von o,= bis 30 #t bei Temperaturen von etwa i 6oo° C bis weniger als 2 ooo° C unter Druck gesintert wird. PATENT CLAIMS: _. Method of making hard and wear-resistant Utensils, such as hard lining for sandblasting and other nozzles, drawing dies, Cutting tools and the like made of boron carbide, characterized in that boron carbide powder it has a grain size of 0.1 to 30 t at temperatures of about i 600 ° C. to is sintered under pressure less than 2,000 ° C. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Borkarbidpulver bis zu 150/, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Chrom einzeln oder gemischt in Pulverform zugesetzt werden. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 555 228, 572 784, 604 853, 618 125, 622 347, 65o ooi, 666 72o, 66o 924, 738536, USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 o27 786; Kieffer und Schwarzkopf, »Hartstoffe und Hartmetalle«, 1953, S. 377 und 68o.2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that the boron carbide powder up to 150 /, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium are added individually or mixed in powder form. Documents considered: German Patent Nos. 555 228, 572 784, 604 853, 618 125, 622 347, 65o ooi, 666 72o, 66o 924, 738536, U.S. Patent No. 2 027 786; Kieffer and Schwarzkopf, "Hartstoffe und Hartmetalle", 1953, pp. 377 and 68o.
DEK2944D 1942-04-19 1942-04-19 Process for the production of hard and wear-resistant utensils Expired DE973807C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK2944D DE973807C (en) 1942-04-19 1942-04-19 Process for the production of hard and wear-resistant utensils

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK2944D DE973807C (en) 1942-04-19 1942-04-19 Process for the production of hard and wear-resistant utensils

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DE973807C true DE973807C (en) 1960-06-09

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0204067A1 (en) * 1985-06-01 1986-12-10 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Article with a high hardness and high tenacity for working metals, hard metals, ceramics and glasses
EP0204920A1 (en) * 1985-06-01 1986-12-17 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Article with a high hardness and high tenacity for working metals, hard metals, ceramics and glasses

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE555228C (en) * 1928-06-16 1932-07-19 Patra Patent Treuhand Process for the production of molded bodies for tools from difficult-to-machine compounds of difficult-to-melt metals or mixtures of such compounds with easily-meltable metals
DE572784C (en) * 1929-05-14 1933-03-23 Aeg Manufacture of a disk-shaped cutting tool
DE604853C (en) * 1929-10-23 1934-10-31 Aeg Process for the production of hard, tough alloys
DE618125C (en) * 1930-06-19 1935-09-02 Aeg Method and device for the production of hard metal alloys
DE622347C (en) * 1931-07-19 1935-11-26 Fried Krupp Akt Ges Gussstahlf Process for the production of hard metal alloys for work equipment and tools from tungsten carbide and an additional auxiliary metal
US2027786A (en) * 1933-10-20 1936-01-14 Norton Co Method of making boron carbide articles
DE650001C (en) * 1931-08-29 1937-09-09 Fried Krupp Akt Ges Sintered hard metal alloys
DE660924C (en) * 1935-11-03 1938-05-23 Louis Kummer Attachment for spray guns
DE666720C (en) * 1932-03-04 1938-10-26 Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Akt Ges Process for the production of drawing dies from hard metal
DE738536C (en) * 1936-07-14 1943-08-19 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Process for the production of moldings from materials with different melting points

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE555228C (en) * 1928-06-16 1932-07-19 Patra Patent Treuhand Process for the production of molded bodies for tools from difficult-to-machine compounds of difficult-to-melt metals or mixtures of such compounds with easily-meltable metals
DE572784C (en) * 1929-05-14 1933-03-23 Aeg Manufacture of a disk-shaped cutting tool
DE604853C (en) * 1929-10-23 1934-10-31 Aeg Process for the production of hard, tough alloys
DE618125C (en) * 1930-06-19 1935-09-02 Aeg Method and device for the production of hard metal alloys
DE622347C (en) * 1931-07-19 1935-11-26 Fried Krupp Akt Ges Gussstahlf Process for the production of hard metal alloys for work equipment and tools from tungsten carbide and an additional auxiliary metal
DE650001C (en) * 1931-08-29 1937-09-09 Fried Krupp Akt Ges Sintered hard metal alloys
DE666720C (en) * 1932-03-04 1938-10-26 Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Akt Ges Process for the production of drawing dies from hard metal
US2027786A (en) * 1933-10-20 1936-01-14 Norton Co Method of making boron carbide articles
DE660924C (en) * 1935-11-03 1938-05-23 Louis Kummer Attachment for spray guns
DE738536C (en) * 1936-07-14 1943-08-19 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Process for the production of moldings from materials with different melting points

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0204067A1 (en) * 1985-06-01 1986-12-10 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Article with a high hardness and high tenacity for working metals, hard metals, ceramics and glasses
EP0204920A1 (en) * 1985-06-01 1986-12-17 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Article with a high hardness and high tenacity for working metals, hard metals, ceramics and glasses

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