DE69203111D1 - Siedeverfahren und Wärmetauscher zur Verwendung in diesem Verfahren. - Google Patents

Siedeverfahren und Wärmetauscher zur Verwendung in diesem Verfahren.

Info

Publication number
DE69203111D1
DE69203111D1 DE69203111T DE69203111T DE69203111D1 DE 69203111 D1 DE69203111 D1 DE 69203111D1 DE 69203111 T DE69203111 T DE 69203111T DE 69203111 T DE69203111 T DE 69203111T DE 69203111 D1 DE69203111 D1 DE 69203111D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
heat exchangers
boiling processes
boiling
processes
exchangers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE69203111T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69203111T2 (de
Inventor
Douglas Leslie Bennett
Donn Michael Herron
Keith Alan Ludwig
Edwin Charles Rogusky
Swaminathan Sunder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Original Assignee
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Products and Chemicals Inc filed Critical Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69203111D1 publication Critical patent/DE69203111D1/de
Publication of DE69203111T2 publication Critical patent/DE69203111T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0017—Flooded core heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/108—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with combined cross flow and parallel flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
DE69203111T 1991-03-01 1992-02-27 Siedeverfahren und Wärmetauscher zur Verwendung in diesem Verfahren. Expired - Lifetime DE69203111T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/663,339 US5122174A (en) 1991-03-01 1991-03-01 Boiling process and a heat exchanger for use in the process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69203111D1 true DE69203111D1 (de) 1995-08-03
DE69203111T2 DE69203111T2 (de) 1996-01-04

Family

ID=24661399

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69203111T Expired - Lifetime DE69203111T2 (de) 1991-03-01 1992-02-27 Siedeverfahren und Wärmetauscher zur Verwendung in diesem Verfahren.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5122174A (de)
EP (1) EP0501471B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0731015B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69203111T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2076581T3 (de)

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FR2690231B1 (fr) * 1992-04-17 1994-06-03 Air Liquide Echangeur de chaleur a ruissellement et installation de distillation d'air comportant un tel echangeur.
FR2707745B1 (fr) * 1993-07-15 1995-10-06 Technip Cie Procédé autoréfrigéré de fractionnement cryogénique et de purification de gaz et échangeur de chaleur pour la mise en Óoeuvre de ce procédé.
US5410885A (en) * 1993-08-09 1995-05-02 Smolarek; James Cryogenic rectification system for lower pressure operation
GB9405161D0 (en) * 1994-03-16 1994-04-27 Boc Group Plc Method and apparatus for reboiling a liquified gas mixture
US5456083A (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-10-10 The Boc Group, Inc. Air separation apparatus and method
US5438836A (en) * 1994-08-05 1995-08-08 Praxair Technology, Inc. Downflow plate and fin heat exchanger for cryogenic rectification
US5730209A (en) * 1995-04-28 1998-03-24 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Defrost and liquid distribution for plate-fin heat exchangers
US5699671A (en) * 1996-01-17 1997-12-23 Praxair Technology, Inc. Downflow shell and tube reboiler-condenser heat exchanger for cryogenic rectification
DE19605500C1 (de) * 1996-02-14 1997-04-17 Linde Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit
US5709264A (en) * 1996-03-18 1998-01-20 The Boc Group, Inc. Heat exchanger
US5775129A (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-07-07 The Boc Group, Inc. Heat exchanger
GB9705889D0 (en) * 1997-03-21 1997-05-07 Boc Group Plc Heat exchange method and apparatus
GB2334327A (en) 1998-02-17 1999-08-18 Imi Marston Ltd Heat exchangers
CA2268999C (en) * 1998-04-20 2002-11-19 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Optimum fin designs for downflow reboilers
JP4592125B2 (ja) * 1998-10-05 2010-12-01 大陽日酸株式会社 流下液膜式凝縮蒸発器
FR2786858B1 (fr) * 1998-12-07 2001-01-19 Air Liquide Echangeur de chaleur
FR2798598B1 (fr) * 1999-09-21 2002-05-24 Air Liquide Vaporiseur-condenseur a bain et appareil de distillation d'air correspondant
FR2798599B1 (fr) * 1999-09-21 2001-11-09 Air Liquide Vaporiseur-condenseur a thermosiphon et installation de distillation d'air correspondante
GB0005374D0 (en) * 2000-03-06 2000-04-26 Air Prod & Chem Apparatus and method of heating pumped liquid oxygen
FR2807826B1 (fr) * 2000-04-13 2002-06-14 Air Liquide Echangeur vaporisateur-condenseur du type a bain
US6295836B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-02 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation system with integrated mass and heat transfer
JP3675725B2 (ja) * 2001-03-05 2005-07-27 日産自動車株式会社 熱交換器
US6393866B1 (en) 2001-05-22 2002-05-28 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic condensation and vaporization system
US6718795B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2004-04-13 Air Liquide Process And Construction, Inc. Systems and methods for production of high pressure oxygen
DE10205878A1 (de) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Linde Ag Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegungsverfahren
US7163051B2 (en) * 2003-08-28 2007-01-16 Praxair Technology, Inc. Heat exchanger distributor for multicomponent heat exchange fluid
US7421856B2 (en) 2005-06-17 2008-09-09 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation with once-through main condenser
US20070028649A1 (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-08 Chakravarthy Vijayaraghavan S Cryogenic air separation main condenser system with enhanced boiling and condensing surfaces
US7760061B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2010-07-20 General Electric Company Lamp transformer
US7855625B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2010-12-21 General Electric Company Lamp transformer
JP4818044B2 (ja) * 2006-09-28 2011-11-16 三洋電機株式会社 熱交換器の製造方法
US8161771B2 (en) 2007-09-20 2012-04-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for separating air
US9476641B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2016-10-25 Praxair Technology, Inc. Down-flow condenser reboiler system for use in an air separation plant
FR2942657B1 (fr) * 2009-03-02 2013-05-03 Air Liquide Echangeur de chaleur a plaques
US10337792B2 (en) * 2014-05-01 2019-07-02 Praxair Technology, Inc. System and method for production of argon by cryogenic rectification of air
US10082333B2 (en) 2014-07-02 2018-09-25 Praxair Technology, Inc. Argon condensation system and method
CA2966991C (en) * 2014-11-17 2019-04-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Heat exchange mechanism for removing contaminants from a hydrocarbon vapor stream
FR3053452B1 (fr) * 2016-07-01 2018-07-13 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un dispositif de distribution d'un melange liquide/gaz
FR3064345B1 (fr) * 2017-03-24 2019-03-29 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Echangeur de chaleur avec dispositif melangeur liquide/gaz a orifices de forme amelioree
US11774189B2 (en) 2020-09-29 2023-10-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Heat exchanger, hardway fin arrangement for a heat exchanger, and methods relating to same

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US3282334A (en) * 1963-04-29 1966-11-01 Trane Co Heat exchanger
US3568462A (en) * 1967-11-22 1971-03-09 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Fractionating device
US3992168A (en) * 1968-05-20 1976-11-16 Kobe Steel Ltd. Heat exchanger with rectification effect
US3983191A (en) * 1975-11-10 1976-09-28 The Trane Company Brazed plate-type heat exchanger for nonadiabatic rectification
FR2547898B1 (fr) * 1983-06-24 1985-11-29 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif pour vaporiser un liquide par echange de chaleur avec un deuxieme fluide, et leur application a une installation de distillation d'air
USRE33026E (en) * 1983-06-24 1989-08-22 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and device for vaporizing a liquid by heat exchange with a second fluid and their application in an air distillation installation
DE3415807A1 (de) * 1984-04-27 1985-10-31 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Waermetauscher
JPS60253782A (ja) * 1984-05-30 1985-12-14 日本酸素株式会社 大型空気分離装置用凝縮器
US4574007A (en) * 1984-09-06 1986-03-04 Yearout James D Fractionating apparatus
US4699209A (en) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Heat exchanger design for cryogenic reboiler or condenser service
US4715433A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with doubly-enhanced plates
US4715431A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with boiling and condensing surfaces enhanced by extrusion
GB8719349D0 (en) * 1987-08-14 1987-09-23 Boc Group Ltd Liquefied gas boilers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69203111T2 (de) 1996-01-04
ES2076581T3 (es) 1995-11-01
EP0501471B1 (de) 1995-06-28
JPH0579775A (ja) 1993-03-30
EP0501471A2 (de) 1992-09-02
EP0501471A3 (en) 1992-12-09
JPH0731015B2 (ja) 1995-04-10
US5122174A (en) 1992-06-16

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