DE4436383A1 - Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle

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Publication number
DE4436383A1
DE4436383A1 DE4436383A DE4436383A DE4436383A1 DE 4436383 A1 DE4436383 A1 DE 4436383A1 DE 4436383 A DE4436383 A DE 4436383A DE 4436383 A DE4436383 A DE 4436383A DE 4436383 A1 DE4436383 A1 DE 4436383A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
electric motor
combustion engine
hybrid drive
gear
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE4436383A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Roland Dipl Ing Heidl
Andreas Dipl Ing Geelink
Manfred Dietrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Priority to DE4436383A priority Critical patent/DE4436383A1/en
Publication of DE4436383A1 publication Critical patent/DE4436383A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches
    • F16H3/126—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches using an electric drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

In a hybrid drive for a motor vehicle with a combustion engine and an electric motor as alternative drives, which act on the input shaft of a speed change transmission of the motor vehicle, the outlay on the construction and the control of the electric motor is reduced by connecting it directly to the input shaft by way of a speed reduction stage.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a hybrid drive for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.

Einen derartigen Hybridantrieb zeigt beispielsweise die DE 32 46 230 A1. Bei dieser Antriebsanordnung wirkt die Brennkraftmaschine über eine erste und eine zweite Kupplung auf die Antriebswelle des Ge­ schwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebes, während der Elektromotor über ein Drehzahl-Untersetzungsgetriebe und die zweite Kupplung ebenfalls auf die Antriebswelle des Wechselgetriebes schaltbar ist. Eine derartige Antriebsanordnung ist sowohl in baulicher als auch in steuerungstech­ nischer Hinsicht relativ aufwendig.Such a hybrid drive is shown, for example, in DE 32 46 230 A1. In this drive arrangement, the internal combustion engine acts a first and a second clutch on the drive shaft of the Ge speed change gear, while the electric motor over a Speed reduction gear and the second clutch also on the drive shaft of the change gear is switchable. Such Drive arrangement is both in structural as well as in control technology African relatively expensive.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den gattungsgemäßen Hybridantrieb bau­ lich und steuerungstechnisch günstiger zu gestalten und hinsichtlich des Fahrkomforts und des erzielbaren Wirkungsgrades weiter zu verbes­ sern.The object of the invention is to build the generic hybrid drive Lich and control technically cheaper and in terms of the driving comfort and the achievable efficiency ser.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Er­ findung sind den weiteren Patentansprüchen entnehmbar.This object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1 solved. Advantageous further training of the Er invention can be found in the further claims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, nur zwischen Verbrennungsmotor und Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe eine Trennkupplung vorzusehen, während der Elektromotor über eine Drehzahl-Untersetzungsstufe direkt auf die Antriebswelle des Wechselgetriebes wirkt. Es wird also zur Steuerungsvereinfachung bewußt hingenommen, daß der Elektromotor, der aufgrund der Drehzahl-Untersetzungsstufe mit einem geringen Massen­ trägheitsmoment (Bauart geringerem Drehmoments bei hoher Drehzahl) behaftet sein kann, ständig mitdreht. Der Elektromotor kann dabei als Antriebsmotor, als Generator oder auch im Leerlauf geschaltet sein; er kann ferner gemäß einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung im an­ triebslosen Zustand als Synchronisator bei Verwendung eines Schaltge­ triebes wirken.According to the invention, it is proposed only between the internal combustion engine and speed change gear to provide a disconnect clutch, while the electric motor directly via a speed reduction stage acts on the drive shaft of the gearbox. So it becomes Control simplification consciously accepted that the electric motor, the due to the speed reduction stage with a low mass  moment of inertia (design of lower torque at high speed) may be afflicted, constantly rotating. The electric motor can be used as Drive motor, be switched as a generator or in idle; he can also according to a further proposal of the invention in idle state as a synchronizer when using a Schaltge act impulsively.

Zur Erzielung eines günstigen Getriebe-Wirkungsgrades kann der Elek­ tromotor über eine Stirnradstufe auf die Antriebswelle des Wechselge­ triebes geschaltet sein, wobei eine derartige Stirnradstufe zudem nur geringen Bauraum benötigt. Bevorzugt sind dabei der Verbrennungsmotor am einen Ende der Antriebswelle und der Elektromotor am gegenüberlie­ genden Ende der Antriebswelle des Wechselgetriebes angeordnet und im übrigen zu einer Antriebseinheit, bestehend aus Verbrennungsmotor, Trennkupplung, Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe mit ggf. einem Achs­ antrieb und dem Elektromotor, zusammengebaut.To achieve a favorable gear efficiency, the Elek motor via a spur gear stage on the drive shaft of the Wechselge be driven, with such a spur gear only requires little space. The internal combustion engine is preferred at one end of the drive shaft and the electric motor at the opposite the end of the drive shaft of the gearbox arranged and in remaining to a drive unit consisting of an internal combustion engine, Separating clutch, speed change gear with possibly one axle drive and the electric motor, assembled.

Die Trennkupplung kann ferner zu einer elektronisch-hydraulisch ge­ steuerten Schwungnutzautomatik ausgebaut sein, über die nicht nur das An- und Abkuppeln des Verbrennungsmotors bei elektromotorischem Be­ trieb, sondern auch ein kurzzeitiges Abschalten des Verbrennungsmo­ tors bei Ampelhalt und/oder im Schubbetrieb mit geregeltem Kupplungs­ eingriff beim Wiederanfahren bewerkstelligt werden.The clutch can also be an electronic-hydraulic ge controlled automatic swing usefulness, not only that Coupling and uncoupling the internal combustion engine with electromotive loading driven, but also a brief shutdown of the combustion engine tors at traffic lights and / or in overrun mode with controlled clutch intervention when restarting.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist im folgenden mit weiteren Einzelheiten näher erläutert. Die schematische Zeichnung zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines Hybridantriebes für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Antriebseinheit bestehend aus Verbrennungsmotor, Trennkupplung, Ge­ schwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe und Elektromotor.An embodiment of the invention is below with others Details explained in more detail. The schematic drawing shows a Block diagram of a hybrid drive for a motor vehicle with a Drive unit consisting of internal combustion engine, clutch, Ge speed change gear and electric motor.

Der dargestellte Hybridantrieb setzt sich im wesentlichen zusammen aus einem Verbrennungsmotor 10, einer elektrohydraulischen Trennkupp­ lung 12, einem Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe 14 und einem Elektro­ motor 16, die der besseren Darstellung wegen in Abschnitte geteilt gezeichnet sind, tatsächlich aber zu einer Antriebseinheit zusammen­ gebaut sind.The hybrid drive shown is composed essentially of an internal combustion engine 10 , an electrohydraulic separating clutch 12 , a speed change gear 14 and an electric motor 16 , which are drawn into sections for better illustration, but are actually assembled to form a drive unit.

Der Verbrennungsmotor 10 kann z. B. ein direkteinspritzender Turbo­ dieselmotor sein, dessen an die Kurbelwelle angeflanschte Schwung­ scheibe 18 Teil der als Schwungnutzautomatik (SNA) ausgeführten Trennkupplung 12 mit einer hydraulischen Betätigung - bestehend aus einem hydraulischen Nehmerzylinder 20 und einer Hydraulikeinheit 22 mit Pumpe, Steuerventilen, Druckspeicher etc. - und einer Steuerelek­ tronik 24 ist.The internal combustion engine 10 can e.g. B. be a direct-injection turbo diesel engine, the flywheel flanged to the crankshaft 18 part of the separating clutch 12 designed as an automatic flywheel system (SNA) with hydraulic actuation - consisting of a hydraulic slave cylinder 20 and a hydraulic unit 22 with a pump, control valves, pressure accumulator etc. - and a control electronics 24 is.

Die Trennkupplung 12 treibt das vordere Ende der Antriebswelle 26 des Wechselgetriebes 14 an, dessen Abtriebswelle 28 ein Antriebsritzel 30 für den nicht näher dargestellten Achsantrieb bzw. das Differential 32 für den Antrieb der Vorderräder 34 des Kraftfahrzeuges trägt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind wie ersichtlich über eine nicht dargestellte Schaltbetätigung 4 Gangstufen bzw. Übersetzungen des Wechselgetriebes 14 schaltbar.The separating clutch 12 drives the front end of the drive shaft 26 of the change gear 14 , the output shaft 28 of which carries a drive pinion 30 for the axle drive (not shown) or the differential 32 for driving the front wheels 34 of the motor vehicle. In the exemplary embodiment, as can be seen, 4 gear stages or gear ratios of the change gear 14 can be shifted by means of a shift actuation (not shown ) .

Der Elektromotor 16, ein Drehstrom-Synchron Motor mit relativ gerin­ gem Massenträgheitsmoment und einer Antriebsleistung von etwa 15% des Verbrennungsmotors 10, wirkt über eine Zahnrad-Vorgelegestufe 36 ohne Zwischenschaltung einer Kupplung direkt auf das andere Ende der Antriebswelle 26 des Wechselgetriebes 14. Die Vorlegestufe 36 könnte beispielsweise bei einem 5-Gang Wechselgetriebe unmittelbar durch den 5. Gang gebildet sein, bei 4 Nutzgängen.The electric motor 16, a three-phase synchronous motor with relatively clotting gem moment of inertia and a power of about 15% of the engine 10, acts via a gear countershaft stage 36 without the interposition of a coupling on the other end of the drive shaft 26 of the transmission fourteenth The advance stage 36 could, for example, be formed directly by the 5th gear in the case of a 5-speed change gear, with 4 useful gears.

Der Elektromotor 16 ist an eine Stromversorgungseinheit 38 mit Batte­ rien 40 und einer Stromregeleinheit 42 angeschlossen und kann als Antriebsmotor, als Generator zum Aufladen der Batterien 40 bei ver­ brennungsmotorischen Betrieb, im Leerlauf und schließlich als Syn­ chronisator für das Wechselgetriebe 14 arbeiten. The electric motor 16 is connected to a power supply unit 38 with batteries 40 and a current control unit 42 and can work as a drive motor, as a generator for charging the batteries 40 in internal combustion engine operation, at idle and finally as a synchronizer for the change gear 14 .

Der Elektromotor 16 kann dabei mittels eines Betriebsartenschalters 44 auf Elektroantrieb geschaltet werden, wobei dessen Antriebslei­ stung dann über das Gaspedal 46 und die Stromregelungseinheit 42 ge­ steuert wird.The electric motor 16 can be switched to an electric drive by means of a mode switch 44 , the drive line of which is then controlled via the accelerator pedal 46 and the current control unit 42 .

Beim Umschalten auf Betrieb mit Verbrennungsmotor 10 wird der Elek­ tromotor 16 als Generator betrieben, sofern die Batterien 40 regen­ eriert werden sollen; anderenfalls wird der Elektromotor 16 wir­ kungslos im Leerlauf mitgetrieben.When switching to operation with the internal combustion engine 10 , the electric motor 16 is operated as a generator, provided that the batteries 40 are to be regenerated; otherwise the electric motor 16 is driven without idling.

Sobald über die nicht dargestellte Schaltbetätigung des Wechselge­ triebes 14 eine Gangänderung i eingeleitet wird - dies wird von der Steuerelektronik 24 der Trennkupplung 12 durch in die Schaltbetäti­ gung integrierte elektrische Schalter und/oder Potentiometer erkannt - wird die Trennkupplung 12 ausgerückt und zugleich der Elektromotor 16 als Synchronisator aktiviert. Dabei berechnet die Steuerelektronik 24 anhand von Drehzahlsignalen n der Abtriebswelle 28 und von Gang­ signalen i des zu schaltenden Ganges des Wechselgetriebes 14 die erforderliche Solldrehzahl der Antriebswelle 26, vergleicht diese mit einem Ist-Drehzahlsignal und steuert über die Stromregeleinheit 42 eine positive oder negative Beschleunigung des Elektromotors 16 zur Erzielung eines Synchronlaufes der zu schaltenden Übersetzungsstufe.As soon as a gear change i is initiated via the shift actuation of the change-over gear 14, not shown - this is recognized by the control electronics 24 of the disconnect clutch 12 by electrical switches and / or potentiometers integrated in the shift actuation - the disconnect clutch 12 is disengaged and at the same time the electric motor 16 as Synchronizer activated. The electronic control unit 24 calculates based on speed signals n the output shaft 28 and of transition signals i of the to be switched gear of the transmission 14, the required target speed of the drive shaft 26, compares it with an actual speed signal and controls via the current control unit 42 is a positive or negative acceleration of the Electric motor 16 to achieve synchronous operation of the gear ratio to be switched.

Eine besonders schnelle Synchronisierung ist insbesondere erzielbar, wenn durch geeignete Potentiometer in der Schaltbetätigung und durch eine intelligente Software in der Steuerelektronik 24 eine Schaltab­ sichtserkennung durchgeführt wird; wenn also beispielsweise beim Schalten aus dem dritten Gang die Steuerelektronik 24 eine Vorausbe­ rechnung für den vierten Gang bei einer vorausgegangenen Beschleuni­ gung des Kraftfahrzeuges und für den zweiten Gang bei einer vorausge­ gangenen Verzögerung des Kraftfahrzeuges durchführt und die Synchro­ nisation entsprechend einleitet. A particularly fast synchronization can be achieved in particular if a switching intent recognition is carried out by means of suitable potentiometers in the switching actuation and by intelligent software in the control electronics 24 ; So if, for example, when switching from third gear, the control electronics 24 performs a pre-calculation for the fourth gear at a previous acceleration of the motor vehicle and for the second gear at a previous deceleration of the motor vehicle and initiates the synchronization accordingly.

Ferner steuert die Steuerelektronik 24 die Trennkupplung 12 auch als Schwungnutzautomatik (SNA), indem sie die Trennkupplung 12 bei Still­ stand des Kraftfahrzeuges ausrückt und den Verbrennungsmotor 10 auto­ matisch abstellt bzw. bei einem Antippen des Gaspedals 46 durch Ein­ rücken der Trennkupplung über die Schwungmasse aus Wechselgetriebe 14 und Elektromotor 16 oder über einen separaten elektrischen Andrehmo­ tor 48 wieder in Gang setzt.Furthermore, the control electronics 24 controls the disconnect clutch 12 as an automatic flywheel system (SNA) by disengaging the disconnect clutch 12 when the motor vehicle is at a standstill and automatically switching off the internal combustion engine 10 or by tapping the accelerator pedal 46 by moving the disconnect clutch over the flywheel Change gear 14 and electric motor 16 or via a separate electric Andrehmo tor 48 starts again.

Über die Steuerelektronik 24 kann zudem auch ein automatischer elek­ tromotorischer Betrieb immer dann gesteuert werden, wenn die Ge­ schwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeuges eine bestimmte Grenzgeschwindigkeit oder Lastanforderung von z. B. 60 km/h unterschreitet und der Lade­ zustand der Batterien 40 dies zuläßt. Dabei wird über die Steuerelek­ tronik 24 die Stromregeleinheit 42 aktiviert und mittels der Trenn­ kupplung 12 der Verbrennungsmotor abgekuppelt und zugleich stillge­ setzt. Gleiches kann beispielsweise bei erkanntem Schubbetrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges mit Schaltung des Elektromotors als Generator erfol­ gen. Ferner kann zur Erzielung einer hohen Beschleunigung oder einer hohen Endgeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeuges der Elektromotor auch zusätzlich zum Verbrennungsmotor als Antrieb geschaltet werden.Via the control electronics 24 , an automatic electric motor operation can also be controlled whenever the speed of the motor vehicle reaches a certain limit speed or load requirement of e.g. B. falls below 60 km / h and the state of charge of the batteries 40 allows this. In this case, the current control unit 42 is activated via the electronic control unit 24 and the internal combustion engine is uncoupled by means of the separating clutch 12 and, at the same time, is stopped. The same can be done, for example, when overrun operation of the motor vehicle is detected with the electric motor switched as a generator. Furthermore, in order to achieve high acceleration or a high top speed of the motor vehicle, the electric motor can also be switched as a drive in addition to the internal combustion engine.

Claims (7)

1. Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Elektromotor als alternative Antriebe, die auf die An­ triebswelle eines Geschwindigkeitswechselgetriebes des Kraftfahr­ zeuges wirken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbrennungsmotor (10) in an sich bekannter Weise über eine Trennkupplung (12) und der Elektromotor (16) über eine Drehzahl-Untersetzungsstufe (36) direkt auf die Antriebswelle (26) wirken.1. Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor as alternative drives, which act on the drive shaft of a speed change gear of the driving tool, characterized in that the internal combustion engine ( 10 ) in a manner known per se via a clutch ( 12 ) and Electric motor ( 16 ) act directly on the drive shaft ( 26 ) via a speed reduction stage ( 36 ). 2. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektromotor (16) über eine Stirnradstufe (36) die Antriebswelle (26) antreibt.2. Hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor ( 16 ) drives the drive shaft ( 26 ) via a spur gear stage ( 36 ). 3. Hybridantrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektromotor (16) und die Stirnradstufe (36) auf das eine Ende und der Verbrennungsmotor (10) auf das andere Ende der An­ triebswelle (26) geschaltet sind.3. Hybrid drive according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the electric motor ( 16 ) and the spur gear ( 36 ) on one end and the internal combustion engine ( 10 ) on the other end of the drive shaft ( 26 ) are connected. 4. Hybridantrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektromotor (16) zugleich als Synchronisator für ein mehrgängiges Zahnrad-Wechselgetriebe (14) dient.4. Hybrid drive according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the electric motor ( 16 ) also serves as a synchronizer for a multi-speed gear change transmission ( 14 ). 5. Hybridantrieb nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-4, da­ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kupplung (12) zwischen dem Verbren­ nungsmotor (10) und dem Wechselgetriebe (14) hydraulisch betätigt und elektronisch gesteuert ist.5. Hybrid drive according to one or more of claims 1-4, characterized in that the clutch ( 12 ) between the combustion engine ( 10 ) and the change gear ( 14 ) is hydraulically actuated and electronically controlled. 6. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kupplung (12) in an sich bekannter Weise als Schwungnutzautomatik gesteuert ist. 6. Hybrid drive according to claim 5, characterized in that the clutch ( 12 ) is controlled in a manner known per se as automatic flywheel automatic. 7. Hybridantrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Verbrennungsmotor (10), Kupplung (12), Wechselgetriebe (14) und Elektromotor (16) mit Untersetzungsstufe (36) zu einer An­ triebseinheit zusammengebaut sind.7. Hybrid drive according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the internal combustion engine ( 10 ), clutch ( 12 ), change gear ( 14 ) and electric motor ( 16 ) with reduction stage ( 36 ) are assembled to a drive unit.
DE4436383A 1993-10-16 1994-10-12 Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle Withdrawn DE4436383A1 (en)

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WO1996006749A1 (en) * 1994-08-30 1996-03-07 Emme Quattro S.R.L. Modular, interchangeable elements and engines/motors, composed and combined to transmit motion to self-propelled transport and working vehicles
DE19528628A1 (en) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-06 Audi Ag Hybrid drive for IC engine vehicle - has electric motor also used as generator during regenerative braking, with efficiency dependent on deceleration and gear ratio
DE19528629A1 (en) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-06 Audi Ag Operation of drive for hybrid vehicle - has motor speed automatically limited when used as sole prime mover, either by using current limitation or by decoupling engine
DE19530233A1 (en) * 1995-08-17 1997-02-20 Audi Ag Hybrid drive transmission for vehicle
DE19530231A1 (en) * 1995-08-17 1997-02-20 Audi Ag Hybrid drive transmission for vehicle
DE19620988A1 (en) * 1996-05-24 1997-11-27 Audi Ag Controller for hybrid drive vehicle
FR2766133A1 (en) 1997-07-18 1999-01-22 Renault Hybrid Electric - internal combustion engine drive for motor vehicle
FR2772675A1 (en) 1997-12-22 1999-06-25 Renault Electrically controlled transmission for hybrid powered vehicle
FR2776969A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-08 Renault System for preventing motor overspeed by making gear change, useful in operating hybrid internal combustion engine/electric motor vehicles
FR2777231A1 (en) 1998-04-10 1999-10-15 Renault ASSISTANCE METHOD FOR A LOW SPEED OF THE HEAT ENGINE OF A HYBRID VEHICLE
DE19801168C2 (en) * 1998-01-15 2000-03-23 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive and method for its control
FR2793449A1 (en) 1999-05-11 2000-11-17 Renault Hybrid motor vehicle with a decelerator type battery charger has the electric drive serving as a generator and a decelerator of the vehicle as an alternative to vehicle powering
FR2794705A1 (en) 1999-06-09 2000-12-15 Renault Control of slowing of motor vehicle with a heat engine as principal drive has auxiliary electric machine coupled directly to engine flywheel actuated by brake pedal
WO2005115784A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2005-12-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a hybrid vehicle
WO2006089669A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-31 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Drivetrain of a motor vehicle and method for operation of the drivetrain
WO2007048542A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-05-03 Audi Ag Arrangement of an electrical machine
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WO1996006749A1 (en) * 1994-08-30 1996-03-07 Emme Quattro S.R.L. Modular, interchangeable elements and engines/motors, composed and combined to transmit motion to self-propelled transport and working vehicles
DE19528628A1 (en) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-06 Audi Ag Hybrid drive for IC engine vehicle - has electric motor also used as generator during regenerative braking, with efficiency dependent on deceleration and gear ratio
DE19528629A1 (en) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-06 Audi Ag Operation of drive for hybrid vehicle - has motor speed automatically limited when used as sole prime mover, either by using current limitation or by decoupling engine
DE19530233A1 (en) * 1995-08-17 1997-02-20 Audi Ag Hybrid drive transmission for vehicle
DE19530231A1 (en) * 1995-08-17 1997-02-20 Audi Ag Hybrid drive transmission for vehicle
DE19620988C2 (en) * 1996-05-24 1998-04-23 Audi Ag Control device and control method for a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive
DE19620988A1 (en) * 1996-05-24 1997-11-27 Audi Ag Controller for hybrid drive vehicle
FR2766133A1 (en) 1997-07-18 1999-01-22 Renault Hybrid Electric - internal combustion engine drive for motor vehicle
FR2772675A1 (en) 1997-12-22 1999-06-25 Renault Electrically controlled transmission for hybrid powered vehicle
WO1999032315A1 (en) 1997-12-22 1999-07-01 Renault Transmission device for motor vehicle with hybrid propulsion comprising a drive coupling for the electric engine
DE19801168C2 (en) * 1998-01-15 2000-03-23 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive and method for its control
FR2776969A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-08 Renault System for preventing motor overspeed by making gear change, useful in operating hybrid internal combustion engine/electric motor vehicles
WO2000061401A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 2000-10-19 Renault Method and device controlling speed reduction ratio in a gearbox associated with an electric engine powering a hybrid motor vehicle
FR2777231A1 (en) 1998-04-10 1999-10-15 Renault ASSISTANCE METHOD FOR A LOW SPEED OF THE HEAT ENGINE OF A HYBRID VEHICLE
FR2793449A1 (en) 1999-05-11 2000-11-17 Renault Hybrid motor vehicle with a decelerator type battery charger has the electric drive serving as a generator and a decelerator of the vehicle as an alternative to vehicle powering
FR2794705A1 (en) 1999-06-09 2000-12-15 Renault Control of slowing of motor vehicle with a heat engine as principal drive has auxiliary electric machine coupled directly to engine flywheel actuated by brake pedal
WO2005115784A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2005-12-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a hybrid vehicle
US7967397B2 (en) 2004-05-24 2011-06-28 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a hybrid vehicle
CN1956860B (en) * 2004-05-24 2010-12-08 大众汽车有限公司 Method for operating a hybrid vehicle
EP1953059A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2008-08-06 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Method for operating the powertrain of a hybrid vehicle
WO2006089669A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-31 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Drivetrain of a motor vehicle and method for operation of the drivetrain
WO2007048542A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-05-03 Audi Ag Arrangement of an electrical machine
US8230956B2 (en) 2005-10-26 2012-07-31 Audi, Ag Arrangement of an electrical machine
GB2447274A (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-10 Graeme Eric Hawksley Hybrid propulsion system
GB2447274B (en) * 2007-03-06 2011-05-25 Graeme Eric Hawksley A marine vessel propulsion system, control apparatus & method therefor
CN103386969A (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-13 福特全球技术公司 Pre-staging and boosting for downshifts to increase regenerative braking
CN103386969B (en) * 2012-05-07 2015-07-01 福特全球技术公司 Pre-staging and boosting for downshifts to increase regenerative braking
DE102014019431A1 (en) 2014-12-22 2016-06-23 Audi Ag Hybrid drive for a vehicle
DE102014019431B4 (en) 2014-12-22 2023-01-12 Audi Ag Hybrid drive for a vehicle
DE102017212724A1 (en) 2017-07-25 2019-01-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh A drive assembly comprising a high speed electric motor and a gear transmission
EP3460293A1 (en) 2017-07-25 2019-03-27 Robert Bosch GmbH Drive assembly, comprising a high speed electric motor and a toothed gearing

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