DE4340707A1 - Manipulator - Google Patents

Manipulator

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Publication number
DE4340707A1
DE4340707A1 DE4340707A DE4340707A DE4340707A1 DE 4340707 A1 DE4340707 A1 DE 4340707A1 DE 4340707 A DE4340707 A DE 4340707A DE 4340707 A DE4340707 A DE 4340707A DE 4340707 A1 DE4340707 A1 DE 4340707A1
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Prior art keywords
control
manipulator according
effector
shaft tube
handle part
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DE4340707A
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DE4340707C2 (de
Inventor
Helmut Heckele
Friedrich Haehnle
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Richard Wolf GmbH
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Richard Wolf GmbH
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Priority to DE4340707A priority Critical patent/DE4340707C2/de
Priority to FR9412753A priority patent/FR2713129B1/fr
Priority to GB9423050A priority patent/GB2284242B/en
Priority to US08/346,776 priority patent/US5520678A/en
Publication of DE4340707A1 publication Critical patent/DE4340707A1/de
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Publication of DE4340707C2 publication Critical patent/DE4340707C2/de
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/71Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H21/00Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • A61B2017/00318Steering mechanisms
    • A61B2017/00323Cables or rods
    • A61B2017/00327Cables or rods with actuating members moving in opposite directions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2901Details of shaft
    • A61B2017/2908Multiple segments connected by articulations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • A61B2017/291Handles the position of the handle being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Manipulator, insbesondere für medizi­ nische, von außen gesteuerte Manipulationen in Körperhöhlen mit einem Handhabenteil, einem an seinem einen Ende mit dem Handha­ benteil verbundenen Arbeitsarm und einem am anderen Ende des Arbeitsarms angebrachten Effektorteil, wobei eine Verbindung zwi­ schen Handhabenteil und Effektorteil so vorgesehen ist, daß vom Handhabenteil über den Arbeitsarm Bewegungen des Effektorteils in mehreren Richtungen steuerbar sind.
Ein solcher Manipulator ist in der DE-A-41 36 861 beschrieben. Dieses für die minimalinvasive Chirurgie vorgesehene chirurgische Instrument erlaubt eine Bewegungssteuerung eines Effektors durch einen Arbeitsarm hindurch, so daß mittels einer einhändigen Hand­ habung am Handhabenteil eine große Beweglichkeit des am beweg­ lichen Ende aufgesetzten Effektors ermöglicht wird. Bei diesem bekannten chirurgischen Instrument wird speziell für die Rotation des aufgesetzten Effektors um seine Achse entweder ein torsionssteifes Drahtstück oder ein Rohrstück vorgeschlagen, welche im Arbeitsarm geführt sind.
Für die anderen Bewegungsmöglichkeiten des Effektors werden eine Fülle von Steuerungssystemen, wie pneumatische, hydraulische, piezoelektrische, magnetostriktive bis hin zu elektromotorischen Steuersystemen vorgeschlagen, wobei die Kombination der Bewe­ gungsarten des Effektors nicht näher erläutert sind.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung einen Manipulator mit einem einfachen und genau arbeitenden Verbindungssystem zwischen dem Handhaben­ teil und dem Effektorteil über den Arbeitsarm so auszubilden, daß ein am Effektorteil angebrachter Effektor Bewegungen der am Hand­ habenteil angreifenden Hand der Bedienperson in verschiedenen Richtungen genau folgen kann. Der erfindungsgemäße Manipulator soll außerdem möglichst leicht und kostengünstig herstellbar sein.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird die obige Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Arbeitsarm ein äußeres Schaftrohr, eine erste, mit dem Hand­ habenteil verbindbare Steuerkugel, die dreh- und schwenkbar an dem dem Handhabenteil zugeordneten Ende des Schaftrohres gelagert ist, eine zweite, mit dem Effektorteil verbindbare Steuerkugel, die dreh- und schwenkbar an dem dem Effektorteil zugeordneten Ende des Schaftrohrs gelagert ist und im Schaftrohr geführte Verbindungs­ glieder zur Verbindung der ersten und zweiten Steuerkugel aufweist. Für eine Steuerkugel im Sinne der Erfindung kommt es in erster Linie auf die kugelartige Lagerung an, so daß ggf. in Teilbereichen auch von der Kugelform abgewichen werden kann, wenn diese Berei­ che nicht mehr zur Lagerung dienen.
Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform stellen die Verbindungsglieder eine kraftschlüssige, mechanische Verbindung zwischen den Steuerku­ geln her. Da bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsart vermittels der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung eine steuerbare Schwenk- als auch Dreh­ barkeit der Steuerkugeln mit denselben Übertragungsmitteln ermög­ licht wird, kann die manipulierende Bedienperson (Operateur) sehr genaue Bewegungen des Effektors durch Bedienen des Handhabenteils ausführen. Diesen Vorteil weisen indirekt arbeitende Kraftübertra­ gungssysteme im allgemeinen nicht auf. Außerdem haben solche indirekten Kraftübertragungssysteme zumeist ein hohes Gewicht und verursachen hohe Herstellungskosten.
Bevorzugt weisen sowohl die Steuerkugeln als auch die Verbindungs­ glieder je eine zentrale Bohrung in Längsrichtung des Schaftrohrs auf, die miteinander eine Verbindungspassage vom Handhabenteil durch den Arbeitsarm zum Effektorteil definieren. Durch diese Ver­ bindungspassage kann beispielsweise ein flexibles Endoskop geführt werden oder eine mechanische Verbindung zur Übertragung der eigentlichen Instrumentensteuerung (Handhabe-Effektor).
Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ma­ nipulators weisen die Verbindungsglieder mehrere Steuerdrähte auf, die jeweils am Außenumfang der Steuerkugeln angelenkt sind. Da­ durch ist eine sehr straffe, direkte und tatsächlich spielfreie Über­ tragung der Bewegung der Steuerkugel am Ende des Handhabenteils über den Arbeitsarm zur Steuerkugel am Effektorteil möglich. Bevor­ zugt sind zwischen der ersten und zweiten Steuerkugel Distanzrohre angeordnet, die in dem Schaftrohr geführt werden und die im Zu­ sammenwirken mit dem Schaftrohr die beiden Steuerkugeln so in ihrer Position halten, daß bei jeder Bewegung die Steuerdrähte straff gespannt bleiben.
Dies wird bevorzugt so ausgeführt, daß zwei äußere Distanzrohre innerhalb des Schaftrohrs und in dessen Längsrichtung verschiebbar auf einem inneren Distanzrohr angeordnet und von einer um das innere Distanzrohr herum angeordneten Schraubenfeder jeweils in Richtung zur ersten und zweiten Steuerkugel vorgespannt sind.
In weiterer Ausbildung weisen die Distanzrohre Führungsmittel zur Führung der Steuerdrähte auf. Diese Führungsmittel sind bevorzugt äquidistante, periphere, in Längsrichtung der Distanzrohre ange­ brachte Aussparungen in den Distanzrohren, wobei dann die Steu­ erdrähte äquidistant an jeder Steuerkugel angelenkt sind. Zur je­ weiligen Befestigung einer Handhabe einerseits und eines Effektors andererseits weist jede Steuerkugel eine rohrförmige Verlängerung auf, wobei diese Rohre in Form einer Verlängerung jeder Steuerku­ gel zum Handhabenteil bzw. zum Effektorteil ragen.
Der erfindungsgemäße Manipulator wird bevorzugt für medizinische Manipulationen in Körperhöhlen von außen verwendet, kann jedoch auch für sonstige technische Untersuchungen oder Behandlungen angewendet werden.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand von in den Figuren darge­ stellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen
Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Manipulators mit flexibler Zange in teilweiser Schnitt­ darstellung,
Fig. 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung eine der Steuerkugeln mit daran befestigten Steuerdrähten, ebenfalls teilweise ge­ schnitten,
Fig. 3 eine Ansicht einer der Steuerkugeln zur Veranschauli­ chung der Rotationsmöglichkeit des Instrumentes,
Fig. 4 eine Ansicht der Steuervorrichtung ohne umhüllendes Schaftrohr und
Fig. 5 eine Ansicht entsprechend Fig. 1 des erfindungsgemäßen Manipulators mit einem eingeführten flexiblen Endo­ skop.
Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemä­ ßen Manipulators zeigt einen Arbeitsarm 10, der an einem Handha­ benteil 20 ausgeführte Bewegungen zu einem Effektorteil 30 über­ trägt. Als Beispiel ist in Fig. 1 eine flexible Zange als Effektor dargestellt. Diese flexible Zange weist eine scherenartige Handhaben 21, einen klauenartigen Effektor 31 und eine flexible Welle 9 auf, die durch eine Verbindungspassage 11, 12, 13 im Arbeitsarm 10 geführt ist. Der Arbeitsarm 10 weist an jedem Ende eines äußeren Schaftrohrs 1 eine Steuerkugel auf, wobei eine erste Steuerkugel 6 dem Handhabenteil 20 und eine zweite Steuerkugel 8 dem Effektorteil 30 zugeordnet sind.
Die dem Handhabenteil 20 zugeordnete proximalseitige Steuerkugel 6 weist eine rohrförmige Verlängerung 6a auf, an der der Hand­ habenteil 20 lösbar befestigbar ist, während die dem Effektorteil 30 zugeordnete distalseitige Steuerkugel 8 ein Rohr 8a aufweist, an dem der Effektor 31 lösbar befestigt ist. Innerhalb des äußeren Schaft­ rohrs 1 des Arbeitsarms 10 sind axial bewegliche Distanzrohre 2, 3, 4 angeordnet, von denen das mittlere Distanzrohr 4 axialverschiebbar innerhalb der außen liegenden Distanzrohre 2 und 3 angeordnet ist und eine Schraubenfeder 5 trägt, die die beiden äußeren Distanzrohre 2 und 3 jeweils in Richtung zu den Steuerkugeln 8 und 6 vorspannt.
Wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, sind die proximalseitige Steuerkugel 6 und die distalseitige Steuerkugel 8 über mehrere Steuerdrähte 7 mechanisch miteinander verbunden. Auf diese Weise spannen die im äußeren Schaftrohr 1 in dessen Längsrichtung gleitbar beweglichen Distanzrohre 2, 3 und 4 zusammen mit der Feder 5 die beiden Steu­ erkugeln 6 und 8 und die Steuerdrähte 7 so, daß bei jeder Dreh- und Schwenkbewegung der Steuerkugeln 6 und 8 diese in der jeweiligen in Fig. 1 gezeigten Position gehalten sind. Die Drähte 7 wirken dabei als Zuganker und übertragen die Schwenkbewegungen, wohin­ gegen die Drehbewegungen um die Schaftachse ausschließlich durch Kraftschluß zwischen den Distanzrohren 2, 3, 4 oder durch entspre­ chende Form der Steuerdrähte übertragen werden.
Die Verbindung zwischen den Steuerdrähten 7 und den Steuerkugeln 6 und 8 ist in den Figuren nur schematisch angedeutet, da prinzipiell verschiedenste Befestigungsmechanismen denkbar sind.
Gemäß Fig. 2 sind die Steuerdrähte 7 gleich beabstandet an der Peripherie der Steuerkugel 6 an Anlenkpunkten 17 angelenkt. In derselben Weise sind die Steuerdrähte 7 an der Steuerkugel 8 ange­ lenkt. Es ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß unter der Voraussetzung straff gespannter Steuerdrähte 7, was durch die Distanzschäfte 2, 3, 4 und die Schraubenfeder 5 erreicht wird, jede Dreh- und Schwenk­ bewegung der proximalseitigen Steuerkugel 6 kraftschlüssig und ohne Spiel auf die distalseitige Steuerkugel 8 übertragen wird. In Fig. 1 ist durch zwei Doppelpfeile, die jeweils die Bezeichnungen POS1, POS2 sowie POS1′ und POS2′ tragen, dargestellt, daß eine Schwenk­ bewegung des Handhabenteils 20 am proximalseitigen Ende des Arbeitsarms 10 zu einer entsprechenden Schwenkbewegung des Ef­ fektorteils 30 am distalseitigen Ende des Arbeitsarms 10 führt. Der Schwenkwinkel der Steuerkugeln 6, 8 ist prinzipiell nur durch die Art ihrer Lagerung am Schaftrohr 1 begrenzt.
Fig. 3 veranschaulicht die Rotationsmöglichkeiten des Instruments (Pfeil 25). Dabei wird deutlich, daß eine kombinierte Schwenk-Dreh­ bewegung des proximalseitigen Handhabenteils zu einer gleichartigen Dreh-Schwenkbewegung, d. h. in gleichem Drehsinn des Effektorteils 30 am distalseitigen Ende des erfindungsgemäßen Manipulators führt. Der Rotationswinkel des Manipulators ist prinzipiell nur durch das Lager begrenzt.
In den Figuren haben die beiden Steuerkugeln 6 und 8 jeweils im wesentlichen den gleichen Durchmesser. Wenn beispielsweise die proximalseitige Steuerkugel 6 einen größeren Durchmesser als die distalseitige Steuerkugel 8 hat, wird die Schwenkbewegung entspre­ chend des Durchmesserverhältnisses der beiden Steuerkugeln über­ setzt. Auf diese Weise kann ein größerer Schwenkwinkel an der Handhabe 21 zu einer kleineren Schwenkbewegung am Effektor 31 führen. Die Steuerkugeln 6 und 8 weisen jeweils eine zentrale Boh­ rung 11 und 12 auf, die mit den Durchgängen in den Rohrfortsätzen 6a und 8a fluchten. Die Distanzrohre 2, 3 und 4 weisen ebenfalls einen zentralen Durchgang 13 auf. Zusammen ist dadurch eine Ver­ bindungspassage definiert, durch die ein flexibles Element 9 der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Zange geführt ist. Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 wird durch das flexible Element die Betätigung des Zangenmauls übertragen.
In Fig. 4 sind die kraftschlüssige Verbindung der beiden Steuerku­ geln 6 und 8 durch die Steuerdrähte 7 und die die Steuerkugeln 6, 8 und die Steuerdrähte 7 mittels der Schraubenfeder 5 vorspannenden Distanzrohre 2, 3 und 4 ohne das äußere Schaftrohr dargestellt. Anlenkpunkte 17 für die Steuerdrähte 7 sind in gleichem Abstand kreisförmig ringsherum an der Peripherie der Steuerkugeln 6 und 8 angeordnet. Zur Führung der Steuerdrähte 7 innerhalb des Schaft­ rohrs können nicht dargestellte Führungsmittel vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise durch Aussparungen in Längsrichtung an der Periphe­ rie der Distanzrohre realisiert sein können.
Fig. 5 schließlich zeigt den erfindungsgemäßen Manipulator in Kom­ bination mit einem flexiblen Endoskop 22, was eine weitere Anwen­ dungsart des Manipulators darstellt.
Insgesamt zeigen die Fig. 1, 4 und 5, daß eine Schwenkbewegung eines Anwenders am proximalseitigen Handhabenteil 20 an den dista­ len Effektorteil 30 übertragen wird. Dies führt dazu, daß der An­ wender, wie mit einer ganz gewöhnlichen, nicht abgelenkten Zange oder Instrument hantieren kann. Ohne daß dies besonders dargestellt ist, wird es für die meisten Anwendungszwecke zweckmäßig sein, daß das äußere Schaftrohr 1 des Arbeitsarms 10 festgelegt ist, bei einem chirurgischen Instrument beispielsweise durch einen Trokar, durch den der Arbeitsarm geführt und darin festgelegt ist.
Die oben beschriebene und in der Zeichnung dargestellte, bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Manipulators ist beispiels­ haft in Kombination mit chirurgischen Instrumenten beschrieben worden. Es ist jedoch ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß der erfindungs­ gemäße Manipulator auch in anderen Anwendungsfällen einsetzbar ist, beispielsweise zu Manipulationen und Untersuchungen in techni­ schen Hohlräumen.
Des weiteren wurde der erfindungsgemäße Manipulator in seiner Anwendung bei einer zangenartigen Vorrichtung und einem Endoskop beschrieben. Selbstverständlich kann der erfindungsgemäße Manipula­ tor auch mit Scheren oder anderen Instrumenten sinnvoll eingesetzt werden.
Insgesamt erleichtert der erfindungsgemäße Manipulator Eingriffe und Untersuchungen in Hohlräumen, z. B. Körperhöhlen, indem er eine direkte und straffe Bewegungsführung des distalen Endes des Manipu­ lators durch die Bewegung am proximalen Ende ermöglicht. Er ist leicht, einfach aufgebaut und läßt sich kostengünstig herstellen.
Es ist auch möglich, daß in der vorderen Steuerkugel ein CCD-Sen­ sor eingebaut ist, welcher über elektrische oder optische Signalüber­ tragung ein Bild zur hinteren Steuerkugel überträgt. Dort wird das Signal von einem Signalwandler übernommen oder/und zu einem externen Controller übermittelt.
Anstelle eines Handhabenteils kann auch eine motorische Verstell­ einrichtung treten, die z. B. automatisiert Bewegungen der distalen Steuerkugel bewirkt.

Claims (12)

1. Manipulator, insbesondere für medizinische, von außen gesteu­ erte Manipulationen in Körperhöhlen, mit einem Handhabenteil (20), einem mit dem Handhabenteil (20) an seinem einen Ende verbundenen Arbeitsarm (10) und einem am anderen Ende des Arbeitsarms (10) angebrachten Effektorteil (30), wobei eine Verbindung zwischen dem Handhabenteil (20) und dem Effektor­ teil (30) so vorgesehen ist, daß vom Handhabenteil (20) über den Arbeitsarm (10) Bewegungen des Effektorteiles (30) in mehreren Richtungen steuerbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ar­ beitsarm (10)
  • - ein äußeres Schaftrohr (1),
  • - eine erste, mit dem Handhabenteil (2) verbindbare Steuerkugel (6), die dreh- und schwenkbar an dem dem Handhabenteil (20) zugeordneten Ende des Schaftrohrs (1) gelagert ist,
  • - eine zweite, mit dem Effektorteil (30) verbindbare Steuerkugel (8), die dreh- und schwenkbar an dem dem Effektorteil (30) zugeordneten Ende des Schaftrohrs (1) gelagert ist, und
  • - im Schaftrohr (1) geführte Verbindungsglieder (2-5, 7) zur Ver­ bindung der ersten und der zweiten Steuerkugel (6, 8) aufweist.
2. Manipulator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsglieder (2-5, 7) eine kraftschlüssige mechanische Verbindung zwischen den Steuerkugeln (6, 8) herstellen.
3. Manipulator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerkugeln (6, 8) sowie die Gesamtheit der Verbin­ dungsglieder (2-5, 7) einen zentralen Durchgang (11, 12, 13) in Längsrichtung des Schaftrohrs (1) aufweisen, wobei dieser zen­ trale Durchgang (11, 12, 13) eine Verbindungspassage vom Handhabenteil (20) durch den Arbeitsarm (10) zum Effektorteil (30) bildet.
4. Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsglieder (2-5, 7) mehrere Steuerdrähte (7) aufweisen, die jeweils am Außenumfang der Steuerkugeln (6, 8) angelenkt sind.
5. Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsglieder (2-5, 7) weiterhin zwischen der ersten und zweiten Steuerkugel (6, 8) angeordnete und im Schaftrohr (1) längsbeweglich geführte Distanzrohre (2, 3, 4) aufweisen, welche die beiden Steuerkugeln (6, 8) im Zu­ sammenwirken mit dem Schaftrohr (1) in ihrer Position halten.
6. Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei äußere Distanzrohre (2, 3) in Längs­ richtung des Schaftrohrs (1) verschiebbar auf einem inneren Distanzrohr (4) angeordnet und von einer um das innere Distanz­ rohr (4) vorgesehenen Schraubenfeder (5) jeweils in Richtung der ersten und zweiten Steuerkugel (6, 8) kraftbeaufschlagt sind.
7. Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Distanzrohre (2, 3, 4) Führungsmittel zur Führung der Steuerdrähte aufweisen.
8. Manipulator nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungsmittel äquidistante periphere Aussparungen in Längs­ richtung der Distanzrohre (2, 3, 4) aufweisen.
9. Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerdrähte (7) äquidistant am Außen­ umfang jeder Steuerkugel (6, 8) angelenkt sind.
10. Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Steuerkugel (6, 8) eine Verlängerung in Form eines mit dem zentralen Durchgang in der Steuerkugel fluchtenden Rohrs (6a, 8a) aufweist, die jeweils zum Handhaben­ teil (20) und zum Effektorteil (30) ragen und zur jeweiligen Befestigung einer Handhabe (21) und eines Effektors (31) vor­ gesehen sind.
11. Steuerbares chirurgisches Instrument, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung des Manipulators nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.
12. Chirurgisches Instrument nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß durch den zentralen Durchgang eine flexible, oder teilflexible Welle (9) des chirurgischen Instruments geführt ist.
DE4340707A 1993-11-30 1993-11-30 Manipulator Expired - Fee Related DE4340707C2 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4340707A DE4340707C2 (de) 1993-11-30 1993-11-30 Manipulator
FR9412753A FR2713129B1 (fr) 1993-11-30 1994-10-25 Manipulateur et son utilisation comme instrument chirurgical.
GB9423050A GB2284242B (en) 1993-11-30 1994-11-14 Manipulator
US08/346,776 US5520678A (en) 1993-11-30 1994-11-30 Manipulator arm with proximal and distal control balls

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE4340707A DE4340707C2 (de) 1993-11-30 1993-11-30 Manipulator

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DE4340707A1 true DE4340707A1 (de) 1995-06-01
DE4340707C2 DE4340707C2 (de) 1997-03-27

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US (1) US5520678A (de)
DE (1) DE4340707C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2713129B1 (de)
GB (1) GB2284242B (de)

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DE4340707C2 (de) 1997-03-27
US5520678A (en) 1996-05-28
GB2284242A (en) 1995-05-31
FR2713129B1 (fr) 1996-09-06
GB2284242B (en) 1997-06-04
FR2713129A1 (fr) 1995-06-09

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