DE3134122A1 - Antenna system with a dielectric - Google Patents

Antenna system with a dielectric

Info

Publication number
DE3134122A1
DE3134122A1 DE19813134122 DE3134122A DE3134122A1 DE 3134122 A1 DE3134122 A1 DE 3134122A1 DE 19813134122 DE19813134122 DE 19813134122 DE 3134122 A DE3134122 A DE 3134122A DE 3134122 A1 DE3134122 A1 DE 3134122A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hemisphere
disc
antenna system
dielectric
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19813134122
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE3134122C2 (en
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Bischoff
Wilhelm 2390 Flensburg Jacobsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority to DE19813134122 priority Critical patent/DE3134122A1/en
Publication of DE3134122A1 publication Critical patent/DE3134122A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3134122C2 publication Critical patent/DE3134122C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/23—Combinations of reflecting surfaces with refracting or diffracting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

An antenna (aerial) system contains as the element which forms its polar diagram, to produce a receiving antenna, a combination of a hemisphere consisting of dielectric material and a circular disc, which rests flat on the cut surface of this hemisphere, that side of the disc which faces away from the hemisphere being curved in a parabolic shape and being constructed to be reflective. The azimuth beam forming (focusing) is governed essentially by the dimensions and the construction of the hemisphere, while in contrast the beam formation in elevation is determined by the shape of the parabolically curved disc.

Description

Antennensystem mit DielektrikumAntenna system with dielectric

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antennensystem der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Art.The invention relates to an antenna system as set out in the preamble of the claim 1 specified Art.

Ein derartiges Antennensystem ist beispielsweise bekannt aus der DE-OS 28 49 438. Bei dem bekannten Antennensystem entsteht ein Richtdiagramm mit annähernd elliptischem Querschnitt. Bei der Ausbildung der Scheibe als Metallscheibe weist das Richtdiagramm nach oben und reicht-mit seinem unteren 3 dB Punkt bis knapp unter den Horizont. Bei der Ausführung mit einer kreiszylindrischen Scheibe aus dielektrischem Material zeigt die Mittelachse des Richtdiagramms auf den Horizont.Such an antenna system is known, for example, from DE-OS 28 49 438. In the known antenna system, a directional diagram with approximately elliptical cross-section. When the disc is designed as a metal disc, it has the directional diagram goes up and reaches - with its lower 3 dB point to just below the horizon. In the version with a circular cylindrical disk made of dielectric Material shows the central axis of the directional diagram on the horizon.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Antennensystem der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welches die Erzeugung eines weitgehend frequenzunabhängigen Richtdiagramms ermöglicht, dessen Halbwertsbreite und Hauptstrahlrichtung in der Elevation über einen weiten Bereich frei eingestellt werden können.The object of the present invention is to provide an antenna system of Specify the type mentioned at the beginning, which is the generation of a largely frequency-independent Directional diagram allows its half width and main beam direction in the elevation over can be freely adjusted over a wide range.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Auf gabe ist im Patentanspruch 1 beschrieben. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung können den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden. Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend noch anhand der Abbildung eingehend erläutert.The inventive solution to this task is in the claim 1 described. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention can can be taken from the subclaims. The invention is still based on the following explained in detail in the illustration.

Die Empfangsantenne 1 ist in gebräuchlicher Art am Rande der Halbkugel 2 angeordnet. Bevorzugte Verwendung finden breitbandige Empfangsantennen wie z. B. Spiralantennen oder Hornantennen. Die Bündelung im Azimut ist im wesentlichen bestimmt vom Durchmesser und Aufbau der dielektrischen Halbkugel. Diese kann beispielsweise homogen aufgebaut sein, kann aber auch in Art einer Luneberg-Linse mehrfach gestuft sein oder ein mit dem Radius kontinuierlich verändertes Dielektrikum aufweisen.The receiving antenna 1 is in the usual way on the edge of the hemisphere 2 arranged. Broadband receiving antennas such as. B. spiral antennas or horn antennas. The focus in azimuth is essential determined by the diameter and structure of the dielectric hemisphere. This can for example be constructed homogeneously, but can also be staggered several times in the manner of a Luneberg lens or have a dielectric that changes continuously with the radius.

Die kreisrunde Scheibe 3 hat den gleichen Durchmesser wie die Halbkugel und liegt eben an deren Schnittfläche an. Die der Halbkugel abgewandte Seite der Scheibe ist mit einer reflektierenden Schicht 4 versehen. Die Form der Scheibe ist derart, daß in der Ebene azimutaler Hauptstrahlrichtung, also in der durch die Mittelachse der Halbkugel und die Empfangsantenne verlaufenden Ebene die der Halbkugel abgewandte Seite der Scheibe 3 einem Ausschnitt aus einer Parabel entspricht, wobei die Parabel so liegt bzw. die Scheibe so gekrümmt ist, daß der Parabelbrennpunkt F mit der Empfangsantenne 1 zusammenfällt. Die parabolisch gekrümmte und reflektierend ausgebildete Seite der Scheibe bewirkt eine Bündelung in der Elevation. Die gewünschte Halbwertsbreite und Hauptstrahlrichtung in der Elevation lassen sich durch entsprechende Wahl der geometrischen Abmessungen der parabolisch gekrümmten Scheibe einstellen.The circular disk 3 has the same diameter as the hemisphere and lies flat against their cut surface. The side of the facing away from the hemisphere The pane is provided with a reflective layer 4. The shape of the disc is such that in the plane of the azimuthal main beam direction, that is, in the plane through the central axis the hemisphere and the receiving antenna extending the plane facing away from the hemisphere Side of the disk 3 corresponds to a section of a parabola, the parabola so lies or the disc is curved so that the parabolic focal point F with the receiving antenna 1 coincides. The parabolically curved and reflective side the disk causes a bundling in the elevation. The desired width at half maximum and main beam direction in the elevation can be determined by selecting the Set the geometric dimensions of the parabolic curved disc.

Die Freiheit in den geometrischen Abmessungen betrifft dabei insbesondere die Öffnungsweite der Parabel und die Neigung der Parabelachse gegen die Horizontale.The freedom in the geometric dimensions is particularly relevant the opening width of the parabola and the inclination of the parabola axis to the horizontal.

Durch die weitgehend getrennte Beeinflussung des Antennendiagramms im Azimut durch die Halbkugel einerseits und in der Elevation durch die parabolisch gekrümmte Oberfläche der Scheibe andererseits besteht eine vorteilhafte Freiheit in der Variation des jeweils gewünschten Richtdiagramms durch Kombination entsprechend. aufgebauter bzw.geformter Elementteile.Due to the largely separate influencing of the antenna diagram in azimuth through the hemisphere on the one hand and in elevation through the parabolic curved surface of the disc, on the other hand, there is an advantageous freedom in the variation of the directional diagram required in each case by combining accordingly. constructed or shaped element parts.

Gemäß einer günstigen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die reflektierend ausgebildete Seite 4 der Scheibe 3 mit einer massiven Metallschicht versehen. Eine andere günstige Ausführungsform sieht vor, die reflektierend ausgebildete Seite der Scheibe mit einer metallischen Gitterstruktur, wie z. B. einem Drahtgeflecht, zu versehen.According to a favorable embodiment of the invention, it is reflective formed side 4 of the disc 3 is provided with a solid metal layer. One Another favorable embodiment provides the reflective side the disc with a metallic lattice structure, such as. B. a wire mesh, to provide.

Vorteilhafterweise bestehen die Halbkugel 2 und die Scheibe 3 aus dielektrischen Materialien mit gleicher oder zumindest annähernd gleicher Dielektrizitätskonstanten. Dadurch werden Reflexionen an der Berührungsfläche, die zu störenden Interferenzen führen können, vermieden. Insbesondere können beide Elementteile, sowie Halbkugel als auch Scheibe, aus homogenem Dielektrikum oder inhomogen aus mehrfach gestuftem Dielektrikum oder kontinuierlich sich änderndem Dielektrikum aufgebaut sein. Aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen ist es auch bei inhomogenem Aufbau der Halbkugel vorteilhaft, die Scheibe aus einem homogenen Dielektrikum herzustellen mit einem Wert der Dielektrizitätskonstanten, der annähernd gleich ist einem Mittelwert aus der veränderlichen Dielektrizitätskonstanten der Halbkugel. LeerseiteThe hemisphere 2 and the disk 3 are advantageously made dielectric materials with the same or at least approximately the same dielectric constant. This causes reflections on the contact surface, which lead to annoying interference can lead, avoided. In particular, both element parts, as well as hemisphere as well as disk, made of homogeneous dielectric or inhomogeneous from multi-stepped Be constructed dielectric or continuously changing dielectric. the end For manufacturing reasons, it is also advantageous in the case of an inhomogeneous structure of the hemisphere, to manufacture the disk from a homogeneous dielectric with a value of the dielectric constant, which is approximately equal to an average value from the variable dielectric constant the hemisphere. Blank page

Claims (5)

Patentansprüche 1. Antennensystem mit einer Empfangsantenne (1) und einem passiven diagrammformenden Element, welches eine Halbkugel (2) aus dielektrischem Material und eine eben an der Schnittfläche der Halbkugel anliegende kreisrunde Scheibe (5) aus dielektrischem Material aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die der Halbkugel abgewandte Seite (4) der Scheibe (3) reflektierend ausgebildet und in der Ebene azimutaler Hauptstrahlrichtung so parabolisch gekrümmt ist, daß der Parabelbrennpunkt (S) mit dem Ort der Empfangsantenne (1) zusammenfällt.Claims 1. Antenna system with a receiving antenna (1) and a passive diagram-forming element comprising a hemisphere (2) of dielectric Material and a circular one lying flat against the cut surface of the hemisphere Has disc (5) made of dielectric material, characterized in that the the side (4) of the disc (3) facing away from the hemisphere is designed to be reflective and is so parabolically curved in the plane of the azimuthal main beam direction that the Parabolic focal point (S) coincides with the location of the receiving antenna (1). 2. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die reflektierend ausgebildete Seite (4) der Scheibe (3) mit einer massiven Metallschicht versehen ist.2. Antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective side (4) of the disc (3) with a solid metal layer is provided. 3. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die reflektierend ausgebildete Seite (4) der Scheibe .(3) mit einer metallischen Gitterstruktur versehen ist.3. Antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective side (4) of the pane (3) with a metallic lattice structure is provided. 4. Antennensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Halbkugel (2) und Scheibe (3) aus dielektrischen Materialien mit annähernd gleicher Dielektrizitätskonstante bestehen.4. Antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that hemisphere (2) and disk (3) made of dielectric materials with approximately the same Dielectric constant exist. 5. Antennensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei inhomogenem Aufbau der Halbkugel (2) mit einem mittleren Wert der Dielektrizitätskonstanten die Scheibe (3) homogen ist aus Dielektrikum mit einem diesem mittleren Wert annähernd gleichen Wert der Dielektrizitätskonstanten.5. Antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that with an inhomogeneous structure of the hemisphere (2) with an average value of the dielectric constant the disk (3) is made of a homogeneous dielectric with a value that approximates this average same value of dielectric constant.
DE19813134122 1981-08-28 1981-08-28 Antenna system with a dielectric Granted DE3134122A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813134122 DE3134122A1 (en) 1981-08-28 1981-08-28 Antenna system with a dielectric

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813134122 DE3134122A1 (en) 1981-08-28 1981-08-28 Antenna system with a dielectric

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3134122A1 true DE3134122A1 (en) 1983-03-17
DE3134122C2 DE3134122C2 (en) 1989-04-13

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989008932A1 (en) * 1988-02-23 1989-09-21 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni A solid dielectric lens aerial
WO1990010318A1 (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-07 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland A reflector for electromagnetic energy
GB2233503A (en) * 1988-02-23 1991-01-09 Secr Defence A solid dielectric lens aerial
WO1992013373A1 (en) * 1991-01-28 1992-08-06 Thomson Consumer Electronics S.A. Antenna system
WO1993004510A1 (en) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-04 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Radar reflectors
WO1993010572A1 (en) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Thomson Consumer Electronics S.A. Dielectric material for antennas
WO1994019842A1 (en) * 1993-02-28 1994-09-01 Thomson Consumer Electronics S.A. Antenna system
US5892487A (en) * 1993-02-28 1999-04-06 Thomson Multimedia S.A. Antenna system
WO2002047206A1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2002-06-13 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) An antenna arrangement and a communication arrangement comprising the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835891A (en) * 1953-11-12 1958-05-20 George D M Peeler Virtual image luneberg lens
US3487464A (en) * 1968-03-15 1969-12-30 William J Toulis Superdirective transmitting and receiving array
US3487413A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-12-30 Gen Dynamics Corp Wide angle electronic scan luneberg antenna
GB1366259A (en) * 1971-12-31 1974-09-11 Thomson Csf Wide-band electromagnetic wave reflectors
DE2848438A1 (en) * 1978-11-08 1980-05-22 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Tube mill for grinding material - has double plate material transfer with transfer orifice in baffle plate adjustable during operation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835891A (en) * 1953-11-12 1958-05-20 George D M Peeler Virtual image luneberg lens
US3487413A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-12-30 Gen Dynamics Corp Wide angle electronic scan luneberg antenna
US3487464A (en) * 1968-03-15 1969-12-30 William J Toulis Superdirective transmitting and receiving array
GB1366259A (en) * 1971-12-31 1974-09-11 Thomson Csf Wide-band electromagnetic wave reflectors
DE2848438A1 (en) * 1978-11-08 1980-05-22 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Tube mill for grinding material - has double plate material transfer with transfer orifice in baffle plate adjustable during operation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PEELER,G.D.M.et al:Virtual Source Luneberg Lenses,In: IRE Transactions-Antennas and Propagation, July 1954, S.94-99 *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2233503A (en) * 1988-02-23 1991-01-09 Secr Defence A solid dielectric lens aerial
GB2233503B (en) * 1988-02-23 1992-06-10 Secr Defence A solid dielectric lens aerial
WO1989008932A1 (en) * 1988-02-23 1989-09-21 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni A solid dielectric lens aerial
GB2246024B (en) * 1989-02-28 1993-07-28 Secr Defence A reflector for electromagnetic energy
WO1990010318A1 (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-07 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland A reflector for electromagnetic energy
GB2246024A (en) * 1989-02-28 1992-01-15 Secr Defence A reflector for electromagnetic energy
WO1992013373A1 (en) * 1991-01-28 1992-08-06 Thomson Consumer Electronics S.A. Antenna system
TR27907A (en) * 1991-01-28 1995-10-11 Thomson Multimedia Sa An antenna system containing a lens and a device for feeding electromagnetic waves.
WO1993004510A1 (en) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-04 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Radar reflectors
GB2274023A (en) * 1991-08-21 1994-07-06 Secr Defence Radar reflectors
GB2274023B (en) * 1991-08-21 1995-04-05 Secr Defence Radar reflectors
WO1993010572A1 (en) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Thomson Consumer Electronics S.A. Dielectric material for antennas
WO1994019842A1 (en) * 1993-02-28 1994-09-01 Thomson Consumer Electronics S.A. Antenna system
US5892487A (en) * 1993-02-28 1999-04-06 Thomson Multimedia S.A. Antenna system
WO2002047206A1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2002-06-13 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) An antenna arrangement and a communication arrangement comprising the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3134122C2 (en) 1989-04-13

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8101 Request for examination as to novelty
8105 Search report available
8110 Request for examination paragraph 44
D2 Grant after examination
8364 No opposition during term of opposition
8327 Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner

Owner name: TELEFUNKEN SYSTEMTECHNIK GMBH, 7900 ULM, DE

8327 Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner

Owner name: DEUTSCHE AEROSPACE AG, 80804 MUENCHEN, DE

8320 Willingness to grant licences declared (paragraph 23)
8327 Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner

Owner name: DAIMLER-BENZ AEROSPACE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, 80804 M

8339 Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee