DE29611810U1 - Biological reprocessing plant for organically polluted industrial wastewater - Google Patents
Biological reprocessing plant for organically polluted industrial wastewaterInfo
- Publication number
- DE29611810U1 DE29611810U1 DE29611810U DE29611810U DE29611810U1 DE 29611810 U1 DE29611810 U1 DE 29611810U1 DE 29611810 U DE29611810 U DE 29611810U DE 29611810 U DE29611810 U DE 29611810U DE 29611810 U1 DE29611810 U1 DE 29611810U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- water
- biological
- reprocessing plant
- plant according
- iacgr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100204059 Caenorhabditis elegans trap-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/06—Aerobic processes using submerged filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/44—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from vehicle washing facilities
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Description
Sch 21 G 2Sch 21 G 2
- 1 _ KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN- 1 _ KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN
PATENTANWÄLTEPATENT ATTORNEYS
Biologische Wiederaufbereitungsanlage für organisch belastete industrielle AbwässerBiological reprocessing plant for organically contaminated industrial wastewater
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine biologische Wiederaufbereitunganlage für organisch belastete industrielle Abwässer, insbesondere für Abwasser von Autowaschanlagen.The subject of the invention is a biological reprocessing plant for organically contaminated industrial wastewater, in particular for wastewater from car washes.
Es ist bekannt, daß für die Reinigung von Kraftfahrzeugen große Mengen von Trinkwasser aufgewendet werden müssen. Je nach Anlagentyp werden derzeit 15 0 bis 2 00 1 Wasser pro Kraftfahrzeug verbraucht, die nach einmaligem Gebrauch verschmutzt in die Kanalisation abfließen. Angesichts zunehmender Schwierigkeiten mit der Trinkwasserversorgung sowie steigender Wasser- und Abwassergebühren ist diese Verschwendung nicht nur ökologisch bedenklich, sondern auch unwirtschaftlich.It is well known that large quantities of drinking water must be used to clean motor vehicles. Depending on the type of system, 150 to 200 liters of water are currently used per motor vehicle, which flows contaminated into the sewage system after a single use. In view of increasing difficulties with the drinking water supply and rising water and sewage charges, this waste is not only ecologically questionable, but also uneconomical.
Es stellte sich deshalb die Aufgabe, den Wasserverbrauch einer Autowaschanlage dadurch erheblich zu senken, daß eine Möglichkeit zur Wiederaufbereitung und erneuten Verwendung des Waschwassers geschaffen wird.The task therefore arose to significantly reduce the water consumption of a car wash by creating a possibility for recycling and reusing the washing water.
Es wurde deshalb eine biologische Wiederaufbereitungsanlage für Abwasser von Autowaschanlagen entwickelt, bei der ein das anfallende Waschwasser sammelnder Schlammfang 2 über einen Vorfilter 3 und einen Belüfter 4 mit einem Bioreaktor 5 verbunden ist, an dem sich ein Vorratsbehälter 6 zur Aufnahme des durch biologischen Abbau von organischen Verbindungen gereinigten Waschwassers anschließt.A biological reprocessing plant for waste water from car washes was therefore developed, in which a sludge trap 2 collecting the wash water is connected via a pre-filter 3 and an aerator 4 to a bioreactor 5, to which a storage tank 6 is connected to receive the wash water purified by biological degradation of organic compounds.
05.07.9605.07.96
Sch 21 G 2Sch 21 G 2
_ 2 - KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN_ 2 - KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN
PATENTANWÄLTEPATENT ATTORNEYS
Der Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen biologischen Wiederaufbereitungsanlage ist schematisch in der einzigen beigefügten Zeichnung dargestellt. Sie zeigt, daß das in der Waschhalle 1 anfallende Waschwasser zunächst in dem Schlammfang 2 gesammelt wird, in dem sich gröbere Partikelchen absetzen können. Von hier wird das Waschwasser über einen oder mehrere an sich bekannte Vorfilter 3 geleitet und im Belüfter 4 mit Sauerstoff angereichert, bevor es in den Bioreaktor 5 gelangt. Als Vorfilter 3 wird vorzugsweise ein Zentrifugalfilter eingesetzt. Hier tritt die verunreinigte Flüssigkeit durch die tangentiale Eintrittsöffnung in den Separator ein und wird durch die innenliegenden tangentialen Bohrungen in die Trennkammer geleitet und dabei beschleunigt. Dadurch werden alle Partikel, die schwerer als die Flüssigkeit sind, durch die Fliehkraft nach außen gedrückt, gleiten an der Wand der Trennkammer nach unten in die Sammelkammer und können dort entnommen werden.The structure of the biological reprocessing plant according to the invention is shown schematically in the only attached drawing. It shows that the washing water accumulating in the washing hall 1 is first collected in the sludge trap 2, in which larger particles can settle. From here, the washing water is passed through one or more known pre-filters 3 and enriched with oxygen in the aerator 4 before it reaches the bioreactor 5. A centrifugal filter is preferably used as the pre-filter 3. Here, the contaminated liquid enters the separator through the tangential inlet opening and is passed through the internal tangential holes into the separation chamber and accelerated in the process. As a result, all particles that are heavier than the liquid are pushed outwards by centrifugal force, slide down the wall of the separation chamber into the collection chamber and can be removed from there.
Als Belüfter 4 wird vorzugsweise eine Wasserstrahlpumpe herangezogen. Alternativ können auch herkömmliche Belüftungsverfahren eingesetzt werden.A water jet pump is preferably used as aerator 4. Alternatively, conventional aeration methods can also be used.
Der Bioreaktor 5 enthält auf einem Festbett aus Keramik oder anderem zur Ansiedlung von Mikroorganismen geeignetem Trägermaterial Kolonien von Bakterien, Algen oder Pilzen, die die im Abwasser befindlichen organischen Kohlenstoffverbindungen wie Wachse, Tenside, Mineralöle oder Fette als Nahrungsgrundlage verwenden und zu Kohlendioxyd veratmen können. Dazu ist eine ausreichende Belüftung des Waschwassers 0 zur Verbesserung der SauerstoffVersorgung der Mikroorganismen erforderlich. Nach Beendigung der biologischen Abbaureaktion wird das Waschwasser in einen Vorratsbehälter 6 überführt. Die sich hier oder auch schon im Bioreaktor 5 ablagernden Sedimente werden abfiltriert oder in den Schlammfang 2 zurückgeführt. Die Kontrolle des Flüssigkeitspegels imThe bioreactor 5 contains colonies of bacteria, algae or fungi on a fixed bed made of ceramic or other carrier material suitable for the settlement of microorganisms, which use the organic carbon compounds in the wastewater, such as waxes, surfactants, mineral oils or fats, as a food source and can breathe them to form carbon dioxide. For this purpose, sufficient aeration of the wash water 0 is required to improve the oxygen supply to the microorganisms. After the biological degradation reaction has ended, the wash water is transferred to a storage tank 6. The sediments that settle here or in the bioreactor 5 are filtered off or returned to the sludge trap 2. The control of the liquid level in the
05.07.9605.07.96
Sch 21 G 2Sch 21 G 2
_ 3 _ KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN_ 3 _ KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN
PATENTANWÄLTEPATENT ATTORNEYS
Vorratsbehälter 6 erfolgt durch einen automatischen Niveauregler
7, der ein Trockenfallen des Vorratsbehälters 6 verhindert, und durch einen mit dem Schlammfang verbundenen überlauf
8.
5The level of the storage tank 6 is controlled by an automatic level controller 7, which prevents the storage tank 6 from drying out, and by an overflow 8 connected to the sludge trap.
5
Ist die Waschhalle 1 nicht in Betrieb, so wird das Waschwasser im Kreislauf zwischen Schlammfang 2 , Vorfilter 3 , Belüfter 4 ,Bioreaktor 5 , Vorratsbehälter 6 und Überlauf 8 wieder zurück in den Schlammfang 2 geführt. Wasserverluste, die durch Verdunstung und Verspritzen immer auftreten, werden durch eine automatische Zuführung von Leitungswasser 9 ausgeglichen.If the washing hall 1 is not in operation, the washing water is circulated between the sludge trap 2, pre-filter 3, aerator 4, bioreactor 5, storage tank 6 and overflow 8 and is led back into the sludge trap 2. Water losses, which always occur due to evaporation and splashing, are compensated by an automatic supply of tap water 9.
Vor einer erneuten Verwendung des im Vorratsbehälter 6 angesammelten Wassers als Waschwasser ist die Abfiltrierung von Schwebeteilchen mittels eines Beutelfilters 10 und eine Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht 11 wünschenswert, damit die für den biologischen Abbau verwendeten Mikroorganismen, die in dem gereinigten Waschwasser enthalten sein können, nicht bei 0 nachfolgenden Waschvorgängen oder der Benutzung des Dampf-Strahlers 12 als Aerosole vernebelt und dadurch in die Atemluft der sich in der Autowaschanlage aufhaltenden Personen gelangen können.Before the water collected in the storage container 6 is used again as washing water, it is desirable to filter out suspended particles using a bag filter 10 and to irradiate it with UV light 11 so that the microorganisms used for biological degradation, which may be contained in the purified washing water, are not nebulized as aerosols during subsequent washing processes or when the steam jet 12 is used and thus cannot enter the breathing air of the people in the car wash.
Weiterhin ist zu beachten, daß durch die biologische Abwasseraufbereitung anorganische Salze natürlich nicht entfernt werden. Deshalb könnte das biologisch gereinigte Waschwasser zu unschönen Flecken führen, wenn es zum Klarwaschen des Kraftfahrzeuges verwendet wird.It should also be noted that biological wastewater treatment does not remove inorganic salts. Therefore, biologically purified washing water could lead to unsightly stains if it is used to rinse the vehicle.
Es hat sich deshalb als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen, zum Klarspülen der Fahrzeuge Leitungswasser zu verwenden, das über ein Vor filter 13, vorzugsweise über ein Umkehrosmosemodul 14 geleitet wird, in dem mehrwertige Ionen abgeschieden werden. Das dadurch gewonnene saubere Wasser wird in einemIt has therefore proven to be very advantageous to use tap water for rinsing the vehicles, which is passed through a pre-filter 13, preferably through a reverse osmosis module 14, in which multivalent ions are separated. The clean water obtained in this way is
05.07.9605.07.96
Sch 21 G 2Sch 21 G 2
_ 4 _ KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN_ 4 _ KEIL&SCHAAFHAUSEN
PATENTANWÄLTEPATENT ATTORNEYS
Reinwasserbehälter 15 aufgefangen, der mit Niveaureglern ausgestattet ist, und steht dann zum Klarspülen der Fahrzeuge nach dem Waschvorgang zur Verfügung.Clean water tank 15, which is equipped with level controls, is collected and is then available for rinsing the vehicles after the washing process.
Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen biologischen Wiederaufbereitunganlage für Abwasser von Autowaschanlagen sind offensichtlich. Der Anlagenbetreiber spart große Mengen Frischwasser und Entsorgungskosten für mit organischen Verbindungen verunreinigte Abwasser. Durch die kontinuierliehe Wasseraufbereitung sind erhebliche Einsparungen des Wasserverbrauchs möglich, die eine hohe Rentabilität der erfindungsgemäßen biologische Wiederaufbereitunganlage für Abwasser von Autowaschanlagen sicherstellen.The advantages of the biological reprocessing plant according to the invention for waste water from car washes are obvious. The plant operator saves large amounts of fresh water and disposal costs for waste water contaminated with organic compounds. The continuous water treatment enables significant savings in water consumption, which ensures a high profitability of the biological reprocessing plant according to the invention for waste water from car washes.
05.07.9605.07.96
Sch 21 G 2Sch 21 G 2
_ 5 _ KEIL&SCHWFHAUSEN_ 5 _ KEIL&SCHWHAUSEN
PATENTANWÄLTEPATENT ATTORNEYS
Bezugszeichenliste:List of reference symbols:
1 Waschhalle1 car wash
2 Schlammfang 3 Vorfilter2 Sludge trap 3 Pre-filter
4 Belüfter4 aerators
5 Bioreaktor5 Bioreactor
6 Vorratsbehälter6 storage containers
7 Niveauregler 8 Überlauf7 Level regulator 8 Overflow
9 Leitungswasserzulauf9 Tap water inlet
10 Beutelfilter10 bag filters
11 UV-Bestrahler11 UV irradiators
12 Dampfstrahler12 steam cleaners
13 Vorfilter für Umkehrosmose13 Pre-filter for reverse osmosis
14 Umkehrosmosemodul14 Reverse osmosis module
15 Reinwasservorratsbehälter15 pure water storage tanks
16 Niveauregler16 Level controller
05.07.9605.07.96
Claims (5)
25During the treatment of the washing water, water losses caused by evaporation, splashing or other causes can be compensated for by the automatic supply of fresh tap water (9).
25
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29611810U DE29611810U1 (en) | 1996-07-06 | 1996-07-06 | Biological reprocessing plant for organically polluted industrial wastewater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29611810U DE29611810U1 (en) | 1996-07-06 | 1996-07-06 | Biological reprocessing plant for organically polluted industrial wastewater |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE29611810U1 true DE29611810U1 (en) | 1996-09-12 |
Family
ID=8026171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29611810U Expired - Lifetime DE29611810U1 (en) | 1996-07-06 | 1996-07-06 | Biological reprocessing plant for organically polluted industrial wastewater |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE29611810U1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1710142A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-11 | European Aqua Treatment ApS | A water treatment system, a method of establishing water treatment capabilities and a method of regulating use of an amount of recycled water |
| WO2009003603A2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Intewa Gmbh | Apparatus and method for the purification of grey water |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991016270A1 (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1991-10-31 | Alistair James Mcdonald | Process and apparatus for biological treatment of effluent |
| DE9400558U1 (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1994-03-17 | Sanwa Seidlitz Gmbh, 34549 Edertal | Device for the treatment of dirty water provided with cleaning agents, in particular the dirty water of a car wash |
| DE4116082C2 (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1994-10-20 | Dlk Ventilatoren Gmbh | Process and device for waste water treatment in car washes |
| DE4341805C1 (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1995-01-19 | Klein Hans Ulrich Dipl Ing | Process and apparatus for the biological purification of water |
| DE4435304C1 (en) * | 1994-10-01 | 1996-05-15 | Joachim Dipl Ing Zeisel | Grey water purification and recycling plant which may be installed in habitable buildings |
-
1996
- 1996-07-06 DE DE29611810U patent/DE29611810U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991016270A1 (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1991-10-31 | Alistair James Mcdonald | Process and apparatus for biological treatment of effluent |
| DE4116082C2 (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1994-10-20 | Dlk Ventilatoren Gmbh | Process and device for waste water treatment in car washes |
| DE4341805C1 (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1995-01-19 | Klein Hans Ulrich Dipl Ing | Process and apparatus for the biological purification of water |
| DE9400558U1 (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1994-03-17 | Sanwa Seidlitz Gmbh, 34549 Edertal | Device for the treatment of dirty water provided with cleaning agents, in particular the dirty water of a car wash |
| DE4435304C1 (en) * | 1994-10-01 | 1996-05-15 | Joachim Dipl Ing Zeisel | Grey water purification and recycling plant which may be installed in habitable buildings |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Problemlösung in der Membrantrenntechnik, Umkehrosmose in der Frisch- und Abwasseraufbereitung - Teil 1. In: Verfahrenstechnik 11/86, S.16,18,20,22,28 * |
| SIERP,Friedrich: Die gewerblichen und industriellen Abwässer, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1967, 3.Aufl., S.90-93 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1710142A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-11 | European Aqua Treatment ApS | A water treatment system, a method of establishing water treatment capabilities and a method of regulating use of an amount of recycled water |
| WO2009003603A2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Intewa Gmbh | Apparatus and method for the purification of grey water |
| WO2009003603A3 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-04-09 | Intewa Gmbh | Apparatus and method for the purification of grey water |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 19961024 |
|
| R163 | Identified publications notified |
Effective date: 19961125 |
|
| R156 | Lapse of ip right after 3 years |
Effective date: 20000503 |