DE2945303C2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
DE2945303C2
DE2945303C2 DE2945303A DE2945303A DE2945303C2 DE 2945303 C2 DE2945303 C2 DE 2945303C2 DE 2945303 A DE2945303 A DE 2945303A DE 2945303 A DE2945303 A DE 2945303A DE 2945303 C2 DE2945303 C2 DE 2945303C2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
switching
electric motor
switching device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE2945303A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE2945303A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Prof. Dr. 3180 Wolfsburg De Fiala
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Priority to DE19792945303 priority Critical patent/DE2945303A1/en
Publication of DE2945303A1 publication Critical patent/DE2945303A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2945303C2 publication Critical patent/DE2945303C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentan­ spruchs 1.The invention relates to a hybrid drive according to the preamble of the patent saying 1.

Einen solchen Hybridantrieb, bei dem also eine Einschaltung der Brenn­ kraftmaschine bzw. eine Umschaltung von elektromotorischem auf verbrennungsmo­ torischen Betrieb erst bei einer Fahrgeschwindigkeit erfolgt, die günstig für den Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine ist, beschreibt die CH-PS 2 22 098. Während dort eine echte Umschaltung von elektromotorischem auf verbrennungsmotorischen Betrieb vorgenommen wird, wenn das Fahrzeug eine vorgegebene Geschwindigkeit erreicht hat, kann es, wie auch aus "Elektrotechnik", 1973, Seite 26, bekannt, auch zweckmäßig sein, auch in dem sich anschließenden höheren Geschwindigkeitsbe­ reich die Antriebsenergie des Elektromotors auszunutzen, beispielsweise für Beschleunigungsvorgänge und bei Bergfahrten. In jedem Falle erfolgt jedoch das Anwerfen der Brennkraftmaschine und damit das Heranziehen derselben zur Gewinnung von Antriebsenergie erst bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Werts der Fahrgeschwin­ digkeit.Such a hybrid drive, which means that the burner is switched on engine or a switch from electromotive to combustion engine toric operation takes place only at a driving speed that is favorable for the operation of the internal combustion engine is described in CH-PS 2 22 098. While there a real switch from electromotive to combustion engine Operation is made when the vehicle has a predetermined speed has reached it, as also known from "Elektrotechnik", 1973, page 26, also be appropriate, even in the subsequent higher speed rich to use the drive energy of the electric motor, for example for Accelerations and when driving uphill. In any case, however Starting the internal combustion engine and thus using it for extraction of drive energy only when a predetermined value of the driving speed is reached efficiency.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Hybridantrieb gemäß dem Ober­ begriff des Patentanspruchs 1 so auszubilden, daß unter Beibehalt der vor­ teilhaften grundsätzlichen Unterteilung in zwei Geschwindigkeitsbereiche, von denen der untere dem elektromotorischen und der obere dem verbrennungs­ motorischen Betrieb zugeordnet ist, für den Fahrer die Möglichkeit gegeben ist, im Bedarfsfalle schon bei relativ niedrigen Fahrgeschwindigkeiten die Brennkraftmaschine zu aktivieren. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention has for its object a hybrid drive according to the Ober Concept of claim 1 to train so that while maintaining the front partial basic division into two speed ranges, of which the lower one is electromotive and the upper one is combustion motor operation is assigned, given the opportunity for the driver is, if necessary, even at relatively low speeds  Activate internal combustion engine. The solution to this problem according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1.

Ein grundsätzlicher Vorteil der Erfindung ist also darin zu sehen, daß bei normaler Betätigung des Leistungsstellhebels, der im folgenden als Gaspedal bezeichnet wird, während des Anfahrens und des Fahrens mit relativ niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten die vorteilhafte Unterteilung in die erwähnten beiden Ge­ schwindigkeitsbereiche beibehalten wird, daß aber in Fällen, in denen Krite­ rien wie die Schadstoffemission der Brennkraftmaschine und der Kraftstoffver­ brauch derselben in den Hintergrund treten, dem Fahrer durch starkes Nieder­ treten des Gaspedals die Möglichkeit gegeben ist, die Brennkraftmaschine schon bei relativ niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten zum Antrieb heranzuziehen.A fundamental advantage of the invention is to be seen in the fact that normal actuation of the power control lever, hereinafter referred to as the accelerator pedal is referred to when starting and driving at relatively low Speeds the advantageous division into the two mentioned Ge speed range is maintained, but in cases where criteria like the pollutant emissions of the internal combustion engine and the fuel consumption need to step into the background, the driver by strong down the accelerator pedal is given the opportunity to the internal combustion engine to be used for the drive even at relatively low speeds.

Vorteilhafterweise wird man gemäß Patentanspruch 3 eine Fahrgeschwindigkeits­ abhängigkeit der Schaltwerte vorsehen, so daß die Schalteinrichtung den je­ weiligen Gaspedalweg in Beziehung setzt zur jeweils vorliegenden Geschwin­ digkeit des Fahrzeugs.Advantageously, one becomes a driving speed according to claim 3 provide dependency of the switching values, so that the switching device to the the accelerator pedal travel in relation to the current speed vehicle.

Besonders wichtig ist ein "vorgezogener" Schaltvorgang zur Aktivierung der Brennkraftmaschine dann, wenn eine den Elektromotor speisende Batterie zumin­ dest teilweise entladen ist. Dies kann bei Umschaltung von elektromotorischem auf verbrennungsmotorischen Betrieb bei einem fest vorgegebenen Geschwindig­ keitswert dazu führen, daß dieser Geschwindigkeitswert überhaupt nicht er­ reicht wird. Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die in diesem Falle den Fah­ rer von zusätzlichen Maßnahmen, etwa der Einschaltung der Brennkraftmaschine unter Überspielen der Schalteinrichtung entlastet, ist gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 5.It is particularly important to have an "advanced" switching process to activate the Internal combustion engine when a battery feeding the electric motor is used is at least partially unloaded. This can happen when switching from electromotive on internal combustion engine operation at a predetermined speed speed value cause this speed value not at all is enough. An embodiment of the invention, in this case the Fah rer of additional measures, such as switching on the internal combustion engine relieved by dubbing the switching device is characterized by the features of claim 5.

An dieser Stelle sei eingefügt, daß die Anordnung eines den Ladezustand der Batterie überwachenden Schalters im Zündstromkreis der Brennkraftmaschine an sich aus der US-PS 40 42 056 bekannt ist. Bei dem dort beschrie­ benen Hybridantrieb erfolgt jedoch die Leistungskopplung zwischen Brennkraft­ maschine und Elektromotor nicht über eine gemeinsame, mit zwei Kupplungen versehene Welle, sondern Brennkraftmaschine und Elektromotor wirken nur auf die Vorderräder bzw. nur auf die Hinterräder, und die Leistungskopplung zwi­ schen beiden geschieht über die Räder und die Fahrbahn. Auch erfolgt bei die­ sem Hybridantrieb die Einschaltung der Brennkraftmaschine automatisch nur bei halb entladener Batterie, also nicht wie bei dem eingangs behandelten Stand der Technik und der Erfindung auch fahrgeschwindigkeitsabhängig.At this point it should be inserted that the arrangement of the state of charge of the Battery monitoring switch in the ignition circuit of the internal combustion engine is known from US-PS 40 42 056. The one described there ben hybrid drive, however, the power coupling between internal combustion takes place machine and electric motor do not have a common, with two clutches provided shaft, but internal combustion engine and electric motor only act  the front wheels or only on the rear wheels, and the power coupling between Both happen on the wheels and the road. Also takes place at the sem hybrid drive automatically switches on the internal combustion engine only when half-discharged battery, so not like the stand treated at the beginning the technology and the invention also depending on the vehicle speed.

Diese grundsätzliche Unterteilung in zwei Geschwindigkeitsbereiche zeigt da­ gegen wieder die Anordnung nach der DE-OS 19 17 581. Dort handelt es sich jedoch um eine Steuervorrichtung für elektromotorisch angetriebene Kraftfahrzeuge mit wahlweiser Stromversorgung aus einem Akkumulator oder einem durch einen Verbrennungsmotor angetriebenen Stromgenerator, und bei Entla­ dung des Akkumulators erfolgt die Umschaltung der Speisung des Elektromotors auf den verbrennungsmotorisch angetriebenen Generator.This basic division into two speed ranges shows against again the arrangement according to DE-OS 19 17 581. Acting there however, it is a control device for electric motor driven Motor vehicles with optional power supply from an accumulator or a powered by an internal combustion engine, and at discharge The accumulator is switched over to the power supply to the electric motor on the internal combustion engine driven generator.

Die weiteren Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Wei­ terbildungen der Erfindung.The further subclaims relate to advantageous refinements and Wei further developments of the invention.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Figur er­ läutert, die schematisch die wesentlichen Bestandteile des eigentlichen An­ triebs und einer möglichen Steuerschaltung für diesen wiedergibt:An embodiment of the invention is he based on the figure purifies that schematically the essential components of the actual An drive and a possible control circuit for this reproduces:

Der Hybridantrieb enthält die Brennkraftmaschine 1, die in diesem Ausführungs­ beispiel - ohne daß dadurch die Anwendung der Erfindung bei Diesel- und Ein­ spritz-Otto-Maschinen ausgeschlossen werden soll - eine Vergasermaschine ist, den Elektromotor 2 und das Getriebe 3, das als Handschaltgetriebe oder auto­ matisches Getriebe ausgelegt sein kann. Zwischen Brennkraftmaschine 1 und Elektromotor 2 befindet sich die erste Kupplung 4; zwischen Elektromotor 2 und Getriebe 3 ist die zweite Kupplung 5 angeordnet, die in üblicher Weise bei Schaltvorgängen mittels eines Kupplungspedals oder unter Verwendung eines mit dem Getriebeschalthebel in Verbindung stehenden Kontakts betätigt wird. Bei 6 wird die Leistung abgegriffen.The hybrid drive contains the internal combustion engine 1 , which in this embodiment, for example - without thereby excluding the application of the invention to diesel and injection petrol engines - is a carburettor machine, the electric motor 2 and the transmission 3 , which are used as manual transmissions or automatic transmission can be designed. The first clutch 4 is located between the internal combustion engine 1 and the electric motor 2 ; between the electric motor 2 and the transmission 3 , the second clutch 5 is arranged, which is actuated in the usual manner during switching operations by means of a clutch pedal or using a contact connected to the transmission shift lever. The power is tapped at 6 .

Das Gaspedal 7 ist als Leistungsstellhebel der Brennkraftmaschine 1 und dem Elektromotor 2 gemeinsam. Gemäß dem Wirkungspfeil 8 beeinflußt die jeweilige Stellung des Gaspedals 7 in üblicher Weise die Stellung der Drosselklappe der Brennkraftmaschine 1, und gemäß Wirkungspfeil 9 nimmt das Gaspedal 7 auf den Regler 10 für den Elektromotor 2 Einfluß.The accelerator pedal 7 is common as a power control lever of the internal combustion engine 1 and the electric motor 2 . According to the action arrow 8 , the respective position of the accelerator pedal 7 influences the position of the throttle valve of the internal combustion engine 1 in the usual way, and according to the action arrow 9 , the accelerator pedal 7 influences the controller 10 for the electric motor 2 .

Am Gaspedal 7 (oder am Gasgestänge) ist der hier als Potentiometer ausge­ bildete Sensor 11 für den Gaspedalweg angeordnet, d. h. für die Auslenkung des Gaspedals aus seiner Ruhestellung (Leerlaufstellung). Die durch den Pfeil 12 angedeuteten entsprechenden Signale werden dem Speicher 13 zugeführt, der außerdem von einem üblichen Fahrgeschwindigkeitssensor 14 Geschwindigkeits­ signale 15 erhält. In diesem Speicher ist ein vorgegebener geschwindigkeits­ abhängiger Verlauf derjenigen Werte des Gaspedalwegs gespeichert, die als Schaltwerte bereits in dem definierten unteren Geschwindigkeitsbereich zur Aktivierung der Brennkraftmaschine 1 führen sollen.On the accelerator pedal 7 (or on the accelerator linkage) the sensor 11 formed here as a potentiometer is arranged for the accelerator pedal travel, ie for the deflection of the accelerator pedal from its rest position (idle position). The corresponding signals indicated by the arrow 12 are fed to the memory 13 , which also receives speed signals 15 from a conventional vehicle speed sensor 14 . In this memory, a predetermined speed-dependent course of those values of the accelerator pedal travel are stored which, as switching values, should already lead to activation of the internal combustion engine 1 in the defined lower speed range.

Das dann folgende Anwerfen der Brennkraftmaschine 1, deren Zündung durch Be­ tätigen eines den Kontakt 16 in Reihe mit der Batterie 17 enthaltenden Zünd­ schalters bereits eingeschaltet ist, erfolgt durch Umlegen des Umschaltkon­ takts 18 durch den Speicher 13. Der Umschaltkontakt 18 unterbricht dann den Stromkreis für die der ersten Kupplung 4 zugeordnete Betätigungseinrichtung 19, so daß jetzt die Kupplung 4 schließt und demgemäß die Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu­ nächst zum Starten mitnimmt, dann die Energie der Maschine auf die in der Fi­ gur rechts der ersten Kupplung 4 liegenden Bestandteile des Antriebs über­ trägt.The then following start-up of the internal combustion engine 1 , the ignition of which is already switched on by actuating a contact 16 containing the contact 16 in series with the battery 17 , is carried out by switching the switchover contact 18 through the memory 13 . The switch contact 18 then interrupts the circuit for the actuator 19 assigned to the first clutch 4 , so that now the clutch 4 closes and accordingly takes the internal combustion engine 1 to start with next, then the energy of the machine to the right in the fi gur of the first clutch 4 lying components of the drive carries over.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist angenommen, daß bei diesem Umschaltvorgang der Elektromotor 2 abgeschaltet wird. Hierzu dient das ansprechverzögerte Re­ lais 20, dessen Kontakt 21 den Stromkreis des Motors 2 nach einer Zeitspanne unterbricht, die zum sicheren Anwerfen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 ausreicht.In this exemplary embodiment, it is assumed that the electric motor 2 is switched off during this switching process. For this purpose, the delayed Re relay 20 , the contact 21 interrupts the circuit of the motor 2 after a period of time sufficient for starting the internal combustion engine 1 safely.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung soll der Elektromotor 2 nur dann abgeschaltet werden, wenn das Aktivieren der Brennkraftmaschine be­ reits in dem mehrfach definierten unteren Fahrgeschwindigkeitsbereich erfolgt. Das Abschalten des Elektromotors 2 in dem höheren Geschwindigkeitsbereich wird durch den Schalter 22 unterbunden, der bei Erreichen des vorgegebenen Werts der Fahrgeschwindigkeit öffnet und das Ansprechen des Relais 20 verhindert, wenn in dem höheren Fahrgeschwindigkeitsbereich der Umschaltkontakt 18 umlegt.In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the electric motor 2 should only be switched off if the activation of the internal combustion engine is already taking place in the lower travel speed range, which is defined several times. Switching off the electric motor 2 in the higher speed range is prevented by the switch 22 , which opens when the predetermined value of the driving speed is reached and prevents the relay 20 from responding when the changeover contact 18 flips in the higher driving speed range.

Zur Berücksichtigung des Ladezustands der Batterie 17 dient die bei 23 ange­ deutete Sensoranordnung, die das Verhältnis von Ladestrom zu Spannung der Batterie als Kriterium für den Ladezustand derselben erfaßt. Ist dieses Ver­ hältnis klein, so ist die Batterie aufgeladen, andernfalls entladen. Im zwei­ ten Falle muß die Aktivierung der Brennkraftmaschine 1 bereits bei relativ nie­ drigen Geschwindigkeiten erfolgen. Demgemäß werden dem Speicher 13 auch ent­ sprechende Signale 24, die also den Ladezustand der Batterie 17 signalisieren, zugeführt, und er "bewertet" den jeweiligen Gaspedalweg durch Vergleich mit vorgegebenen Schaltwerten, die nicht nur von der Geschwindigkeit, sondern auch vom Ladezustand der Batterie 17 abhängen.To take into account the state of charge of the battery 17 is the sensor arrangement indicated at 23 , which detects the ratio of charging current to voltage of the battery as a criterion for the state of charge of the same. If this ratio is small, the battery is charged, otherwise it is discharged. In the two th case, the activation of the internal combustion engine 1 must already take place at relatively low speeds. Accordingly, the memory 13 is also supplied with appropriate signals 24 , which thus signal the state of charge of the battery 17 , and it "evaluates" the respective accelerator pedal travel by comparison with predetermined switching values, which not only depend on the speed but also on the state of charge of the battery 17 depend.

Verständlicherweise kann der Ladezustand der Batterie auch durch das reziproke Verhältnis bzw. durch andere Größen erfaßt werden. Auch braucht der Sensor 11 nicht zur kontinuierlichen Signalgabe über den gesamten Pedalweg ausgelegt zu sein, sondern er kann das Erreichen bestimmter Einzelwerte des Pedalwegs si­ gnalisieren.Understandably, the state of charge of the battery can also be determined by the reciprocal ratio or by other variables. Also, the sensor 11 does not have to be designed for continuous signaling over the entire pedal travel, but can signal the achievement of certain individual values of the pedal travel.

Die beschriebene Anordnung arbeitet also so, daß bei einwandfreiem Ladezu­ stand der Batterie und "üblicher" Betätigung des Gaspedals zunächst in einem für den elektromotorischen Betrieb optimalen Geschwindigkeitsbereich bei ge­ öffneter erster Kupplung allein mit dem Elektromotor 2 gefahren wird, und daß bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeitswerts die Einschaltung der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt. Tritt dagegen der Fahrer beispielsweise beim Anfahren das Gaspedal sehr stark durch und/oder ist der Ladezustand der Batte­ rie schlecht, erfolgt bereits bei niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten die Aktivie­ rung der Brennkraftmaschine.The arrangement described thus works so that when the battery was properly charged and the "usual" operation of the accelerator pedal first operated in an optimum speed range for electromotive operation with the first clutch only opened with the electric motor 2 , and that when a predetermined speed value was exceeded the internal combustion engine is switched on. If, on the other hand, the driver presses the accelerator pedal very hard when starting off and / or the battery is in a bad state of charge, the engine is activated even at lower speeds.

Claims (7)

1. Hybridantrieb für ein Fahrzeug mit einer Brennkraftmaschine, einem Elek­ tromotor und einem Getriebe, die über eine erste Kupplung zwischen Brenn­ kraftmaschine und Elektromotor sowie eine zweite Kupplung zwischen Elek­ tromotor und Getriebe leistungmäßig in Reihe schaltbar sind, ferner mit einem der Brennkraftmaschine und dem Elektromotor gemeinsamen Leistungs­ stellhebel sowie mit einer Schalteinrichtung, die bei Erreichen eines vor­ gegebenen Werts der Fahrgeschwindigkeit durch Schließen der ersten Kupp­ lung die Brennkraftmaschine anwirft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalteinrichtung Signale (12) eines Sensors (11) für den Betätigungs­ weg des Leistungsstellhebels (7) zugeführt werden und die Schalteinrich­ tung bei unterhalb des vorgegebenen Werts liegenden Fahrgeschwindigkei­ ten die Brennkraftmaschine (1) dann anwirft, wenn der Betätigungsweg des Leistungsstellhebels (7) einen vorgegebenen Wert (Schaltwert) überschrei­ tet.1. Hybrid drive for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, an electric motor and a transmission, which can be switched in series in terms of power via a first clutch between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor and a second clutch between the electric motor and the transmission, furthermore with one of the internal combustion engine and the electric motor common power control lever as well as with a switching device which, upon reaching a given value of the driving speed by closing the first clutch, the internal combustion engine starts, characterized in that the switching device signals ( 12 ) of a sensor ( 11 ) for actuating the power control lever ( 7 ) are supplied and the switching device starts the internal combustion engine ( 1 ) when the driving speed is below the predetermined value when the actuating path of the power control lever ( 7 ) exceeds a predetermined value (switching value). 2. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaltein­ richtung als Umschalteinrichtung für die Umschaltung von elektromotori­ schen auf verbrennungsmotorischen Betrieb Schaltmittel (21) im Stromkreis des Elektromotors (2) aufweist, die nach Anwerfen der Brennkraftmaschine (1) den Stromkreis unterbrechen.2. Hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching device as a switching device for switching from electromotor to internal combustion engine switching means ( 21 ) in the circuit of the electric motor ( 2 ), which interrupt the circuit after starting the internal combustion engine ( 1 ). 3. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalteinrichtung einen Speicher (13) für fahrgeschwindigkeitsabhängige Schaltwerte enthält, dem die Signale (12) des Sensors (11) sowie Fahrge­ schwindigkeitssignale (15) zugeführt werden.3. Hybrid drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching device contains a memory ( 13 ) for vehicle speed-dependent switching values to which the signals ( 12 ) of the sensor ( 11 ) and Fahrge speed signals ( 15 ) are supplied. 4. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sensor (11) auch bei Leerlaufstellung des Leistungsstellhebels (7) Signale (12) lie­ fert und die Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Schaltwerte derart gewählt ist, daß bei dem vorgegebenen Wert der Fahrgeschwindigkeit der Schaltwert den Wert Null hat.4. Hybrid drive according to claim 3, characterized in that the sensor ( 11 ) even when the power control lever ( 7 ) signals ( 12 ) lie manufact and the speed dependence of the switching values is selected such that the switching value at the predetermined value of the driving speed Has zero. 5. Hybridantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalteinrichtung Signale (24) einer Sensoranordnung (23) für den Lade­ zustand einer den Elektromotor (2) speisenden Batterie (17) zugeführt wer­ den und die Schalteinrichtung die Brennkraftmaschine (1) dann anwirft, wenn eine vorgegebene Batterieladung unterschritten ist.5. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching device signals ( 24 ) of a sensor arrangement ( 23 ) for the charging state of an electric motor ( 2 ) feeding battery ( 17 ) who supplied the and the switching device to the internal combustion engine ( 1 ) then starts when a specified battery charge is undershot. 6. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensoranordnung (23) ein aus Ladestrom und Spannung der Batterie gebildetes Verhältnis als Kriterium für den Ladezustand erfaßt.6. Hybrid drive according to claim 5, characterized in that the sensor arrangement ( 23 ) detects a ratio formed from the charging current and voltage of the battery as a criterion for the state of charge. 7. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 und Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Signale (24) der Sensoranordnung dem Speicher (13) zuge­ führt werden, der zur Erzeugung sowohl fahrgeschwindigkeits- als auch la­ dezustandsabhängiger Schaltwerte ausgelegt ist.7. Hybrid drive according to claim 3 or 4 and claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the signals ( 24 ) of the sensor arrangement leads to the memory ( 13 ) which is designed to generate both driving speed and load-dependent switching values.
DE19792945303 1979-11-09 1979-11-09 Hybrid vehicle drive with series engine and electric motor - has intermediate coupling engaged in dependence on speed or load requirement Granted DE2945303A1 (en)

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DE3112629A1 (en) * 1981-03-30 1982-10-07 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Method for operating a hybrid vehicle
JP2790256B2 (en) * 1989-10-25 1998-08-27 富士重工業株式会社 Automatic charging device for electric vehicles
JP2893603B2 (en) * 1989-11-22 1999-05-24 富士重工業株式会社 Electric car
DE4422636A1 (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Automatic i.c. engine control for hybrid vehicle
JP3927325B2 (en) * 1998-10-21 2007-06-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Vehicle control device

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CH222098A (en) * 1938-04-27 1942-06-30 Pieper Henri Transmission mechanism for vehicles comprising an electric motor associated with a heat engine.
DE1917581C3 (en) * 1969-04-05 1978-04-20 Michel N. New York N.Y. Yardney (V.St.A.) Combines internal combustion and battery-electric vehicle drive
US4042056A (en) * 1975-11-21 1977-08-16 Automobile Corporation Of America Hybrid powered automobile

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