DE19925203A1 - Laser welding of two or more transparent plastics components uses additional energy to convert a material between the components into another capable of absorbing more laser light - Google Patents
Laser welding of two or more transparent plastics components uses additional energy to convert a material between the components into another capable of absorbing more laser lightInfo
- Publication number
- DE19925203A1 DE19925203A1 DE19925203A DE19925203A DE19925203A1 DE 19925203 A1 DE19925203 A1 DE 19925203A1 DE 19925203 A DE19925203 A DE 19925203A DE 19925203 A DE19925203 A DE 19925203A DE 19925203 A1 DE19925203 A1 DE 19925203A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- substance
- energy
- welding
- plastic
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
- B29C65/168—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier placed at the interface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
- B29C65/5035—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being in thread form, i.e. in the form of a single filament, e.g. in the form of a single coated filament
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0827—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
- B29C65/1406—Ultraviolet [UV] radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
- B29C65/1409—Visible light radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
- B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
- B29C65/1416—Near-infrared radiation [NIR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1674—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of laser diodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3408—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
- B29C65/3412—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0026—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0026—Transparent
- B29K2995/0027—Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Kunststoffen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, einen Kunststoff nach Anspruch 9 und einen Schweißzusatzwerkstoff nach Anspruch 14. Die Erfindung kann immer dann mit Vorteil angewandt werden, wenn Kunststoffe verschweißt werden müssen, die für sichtbares Licht weitgehend transparent sind, und die infrarotes Licht nicht oder nur schwach absorbieren. Bei diesen Kunststoffen wird allgemein angestrebt, die durch den Schweißvorgang hervorgerufene Farbveränderung zu vermeiden. Derartige Anforderungen bestehen in der Verpackungs-, Mode-, Automobil- und Elektroindustrie sowie in der Modebranche. Beispielsweise können modische Brillen, Brillenlinsen, oder auch Kontaktlinsen mit Filtereigenschaften für die Infrarotstrahlung verschweißt werden. Im Bereich der Elektroindustrie kann die Erfindung bei reversiblen optischen Aufnahmemedien wie zum Beispiel Rewritable CD's angewandt werden. Auch Visiere und optische Geräte zählen zu den Einsatzgebieten. Auch bei Fenstern für zum Beispiel Automobile und Häuser kann die Erfindung eingesetzt werden. The invention relates to a method for welding plastics according to the The preamble of claim 1, a plastic according to claim 9 and one Welding filler material according to claim 14. The invention can then always with advantage be used when plastics need to be welded, which are visible Light are largely transparent, and the infrared light is not or only weakly absorb. These plastics are generally aimed at by the Avoid welding changes in color. Such Requirements exist in the packaging, fashion, automotive and electrical industries as well as in the fashion industry. For example, fashionable glasses, glasses lenses, or contact lenses with filter properties for infrared radiation are also welded. In the electrical industry, the invention can be used with reversible optical Recording media such as rewritable CDs are used. Visors too and optical devices are among the areas of application. Also for windows for example The invention can be used in automobiles and houses.
Das Verschweißen von Kunststoffen durch Hochenergiestrahlung, und insbesondere durch Laserstrahlung, ist bekannt. Zumindest einer der beiden Fügepartner muss für die Hochenergiestrahlung durchlässig sein, damit die für den Schweißvorgang erforderliche Prozessenergie in den Fügebereich eingekoppelt werden kann. Allen Kunststoffschweißverfahren ist gemeinsam, dass die für das Fügen notwendige Prozessenergie nur in einen kleinen Raumbereich innerhalb der Fügezone eingebracht wird. Die Prozessenergie führt zu einer Aufschmelzung beider Schweißpartner an ihrer Oberfläche. Wenn die beiden Schweißpartner aus mischbaren Materialien bestehen, so zum Beispiel PMMA und ABS, kommt es durch die thermische Ausdehnung der Schmelze zu einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung mit hoher, kaum sichtbarer Schweißnahtqualität. Aus diesem Grund ist das Verschweißen von Kunststoffen mit Laserstrahlung besonders dann vorteilhaft, wenn an das Schweißergebnis hohe optische Anforderungen gestellt werden. Dies ist besonders dann der Fall, wenn die Kunststoffe für Strahlung aus dem sichtbaren Teil des Wellenlängenspektrums nicht opak bzw. transparent sind. Beispiele hierfür sind zum einen farbige, für sichtbares Licht transparente Kunststoffe wie zum Beispiel Rückleuchten von Kraftfahrzeugen. Ein weiteres Beispiel sind farblose transparente Kunststoffe wie zum Beispiel Brillengläser aus Kunststoff oder auch Plexiglas.The welding of plastics by high energy radiation, and in particular through laser radiation, is known. At least one of the two joining partners must High-energy radiation must be permeable, so that the necessary for the welding process Process energy can be coupled into the joining area. Everyone Plastic welding process has in common that the necessary for joining Process energy only introduced into a small area within the joining zone becomes. The process energy causes both welding partners to melt on theirs Surface. If the two welding partners are made of miscible materials, then so for example PMMA and ABS, it comes through the thermal expansion of the Melt to a material connection with a high, barely visible Weld quality. For this reason, the welding of plastics with Laser radiation is particularly advantageous when the welding result is high optical requirements are made. This is especially the case if the No plastics for radiation from the visible part of the wavelength spectrum are opaque or transparent. Examples include colored, visible light transparent plastics such as rear lights of motor vehicles. On Another example are colorless, transparent plastics such as spectacle lenses made of plastic or plexiglass.
Die Absorption der Schweißstrahlung im Fügebereich kann auf zwei Arten erfolgen. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass der zweite Schweißpartner von sich aus die Laserstrahlung stark absorbiert, so dass es im Fügebereich durch Wärmeleitung zum Aufschmelzen beider Fügepartner kommt. Dieses Vorgehen wird häufig beim Überlappschweißen gewählt.The absorption of welding radiation in the joining area can be done in two ways. A Possibility is that the second welding partner on its own Laser radiation is strongly absorbed, so that it is in the joint area by heat conduction Melting of both joining partners comes. This is often the case with Overlap welding selected.
Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass farbige Pigmente oder Ruß in einen Fügepartner eingemischt werden, welche selektiv die Laserstrahlung absorbieren. Dieses Vorgehen führt jedoch nachteiligerweise dazu, dass dieser Fügepartner farblich verändert wird. Im sichtbaren Licht farblos erscheinende Kunststoffe wie zum Beispiel Acrylglas (auch Plexiglas genannt) erhalten eine Farbe, was je nach Anwendungsfall unerwünscht ist. Transparente und farbige Kunststoffe, und dabei insbesondere schwach farbige Kunstststoffe, verändern durch diese Pigmente ihre Farbe oder erhalten eine optisch wenig ansprechende Mischfarbe. Die gleichen Probleme treten auf, wenn die Pigmente zwischen die beiden Fügepartner eingebracht werden, zum Beispiel als Draht, Folie oder als absorbierende Schicht.Another option is to put colored pigments or carbon black in one Joining partners are mixed in, which selectively absorb the laser radiation. However, this procedure disadvantageously leads to the fact that this joining partner is colored is changed. Plastic that appears colorless in visible light such as Acrylic glass (also called plexiglass) get a color, depending on the application is undesirable. Transparent and colored plastics, and in particular weakly colored plastics, change their color or through these pigments get a visually unappealing mixed color. The same problems arise if the pigments are inserted between the two joining partners, for example as wire, foil or as an absorbent layer.
In dem Fachartikel (Opto & Laser Europe, Heft 62, S. 16, Mai 1999) wird berichtet, die oben genannten Probleme durch Einbetten von im infraroten (IR-) Spektralbereich wirksamen Farbpartikeln in den Kunststoff zu lösen. Die IR-Farbpartikel führen jedoch auch hier zu unerwünschten farblichen Veränderungen des Kunststoffs.The article (Opto & Laser Europe, issue 62, p. 16, May 1999) reports that problems mentioned above by embedding in the infrared (IR) spectral range dissolve effective color particles in the plastic. The IR color particles lead however here too to undesirable color changes in the plastic.
Die nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten Möglichkeiten, die Absorption der Schweißstrahlung im Fügebereich sicher zu stellen, weisen die Gemeinsamkeit auf, dass die Absorption durch Chromophore erfolgt, also durch Atom-Gruppierungen, die einer Verbindung durch selektive Lichtabsorption Farbigkeit verleihen. Solche chromophoren Gruppen sind entweder bereits im Kunststoff vorhanden (z. B. C=C), oder werden einem der Fügepartner nachträglich zugeführt (zum Beispiel die Kohlenstoffatome im Ruß mit stark delokalisierten π-Elektronen). Die ausschließliche Nutzung dieser Chromophore macht es nach dem Stand der Technik unmöglich, nichtopake bzw. opake Kunststoffe ohne Farbveränderungen zu verschweißen.The possibilities known according to the prior art, the absorption of the Ensuring welding radiation in the joining area shows the commonality that the absorption takes place through chromophores, that is, through atomic groupings that add color to a compound by selective light absorption. Such Chromophoric groups are either already present in the plastic (e.g. C = C), or are subsequently added to one of the joining partners (e.g. the Carbon atoms in soot with strongly delocalized π electrons). The exclusive Using these chromophores makes it impossible in the prior art to weld non-opaque or opaque plastics without color changes.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde ein Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Kunststoffen zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches die Probleme nach dem Stand der Technik vermeidet, und welches auch dann anwendbar ist, wenn die Schweißstrahlung nicht von den Schweißpartnern absorbiert wird. The invention has for its object a method for welding To provide plastics which solve the problems according to the state of the art Technology avoids, and which is also applicable when the welding radiation is not absorbed by the welding partners.
Das Verfahren soll insbesondere auch dann anwendbar sein, wenn beide Schweißpartner farblos transparent oder schwach farbig und transparent sind. Insbesondere sollen die Fügepartner aus dem Schweißprozess ohne Farbveränderungen hervorgehen.The method should also be applicable in particular if both Welding partners are colorlessly transparent or weakly colored and transparent. In particular, the joining partners from the welding process should be without Color changes emerge.
Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin ein Kunststoffschweißverfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem auf den Einsatz farbiger Pigmente verzichtet werden kann.Another task is to provide a plastic welding process places where the use of colored pigments can be dispensed with.
Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe einen Schweißzusatzwerkstoff zur Verfügung zu stellen, der keine Farbveränderungen im Fügebereich mit sich bringt und der die Schweißstrahlung besonders stark absorbiert. Diese Absorption der Schweißstrahlung soll dabei besonders im Wellenlängenbereich des nahen Infrarots (NIR) liegen, d. h. im Wellenlängenbereich von ca. 800-2000 nm.Furthermore, it is the task of providing a welding filler metal that there are no color changes in the joining area and that causes the welding radiation particularly strongly absorbed. This absorption of welding radiation is said to be especially in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength range, d. H. in the Wavelength range from approx. 800-2000 nm.
Bereitgestellt werden soll ferner ein Kunststoff, der Schweißstrahlung im NIR- Wellenlängenbereich besonders stark absorbiert.A plastic is also to be made available which contains welding radiation in the NIR Wavelength range particularly strongly absorbed.
Diese Aufgaben werden erfindungsgemäß durch die in den Ansprüchen 1, 9 und 14 gegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen für die Durchführung des Verfahrens, den Kunststoff und den Schweißzusatzwerkstoff sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.These objects are achieved according to the invention by the in claims 1, 9 and 14 given characteristics solved. Advantageous embodiments for the implementation of the Process, the plastic and the filler metal are in the Subclaims specified.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt dass sich die Probleme dadurch lösen lassen, dass dem Fügebereich Hilfsenergie zugeführt wird, dass durch die Hilfsenergie im Fügebereich vorhandene Partikel mindestens eines Stoffes Aj reversibel in einen oder mehrere Stoffe Bi umgewandelt werden, wobei der oder die Stoffe Bi in ihrer Gesamtheit die Laserstrahlung stärker absorbieren als der Stoff Aj.According to the invention, it was recognized that the problems can be solved by supplying auxiliary energy to the joining area, that particles of at least one substance A j present in the joining area are reversibly converted into one or more substances B i by the auxiliary energy, the substance or substances B i in collectively absorb the laser radiation more than the substance A j .
Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, dass mehrere Stoffe Aj im Fügebereich vorhanden sind, wobei jeder Stoff Aj in mindestens einen Stoff Bi umwandelbar ist. Hierbei indizieren i und j den jeweiligen Stoff mit i = 1 . . . n und j = 1 . . . m, wobei m für die Zahl der vorhandenen Stoffe Aj steht. Der Index n steht für die Zahl der aus einem Stoff Aj hervorgehenden Stoffe Bi. Ist zum Beispiel genau ein Stoff A1 vorhanden der sich in drei Stoffe B1, B2, B3 umwandelt, so müssen diese drei Stoffe B1, B2, B3 die Schweißstrahlung insgesamt stärker absorbieren als der Stoff A. Natürlich reicht es im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bereits aus, wenn nur einer dieser Stoffe, zum Beispiel B2, die Schweißstrahlung stärker absorbiert als der Stoff A1. Der Einfachheit halber soll ohne Einschränkung des Erfindungsgedankens nur von einem Stoff A bzw. B gesprochen werden.In principle, it is possible for several substances A j to be present in the joining area, each substance A j being convertible into at least one substance B i . Here i and j indicate the respective substance with i = 1. . . n and j = 1. . . m, where m stands for the number of substances A j present. The index n stands for the number of substances B i resulting from a substance A j . If, for example, exactly one substance A 1 is present which converts into three substances B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , these three substances B 1 , B 2 , B 3 must absorb the sweat radiation overall more strongly than substance A. Of course it is enough in the sense of the present invention, if only one of these substances, for example B 2 , absorbs the welding radiation more than the substance A 1 . For the sake of simplicity, we shall only speak of one substance A or B without restricting the inventive concept.
Auf diese Weise können zwei opake Kunststoffe miteinander verschweißt werden, bei denen die Schweißstrahlung nicht oder nur vernachlässigbar gering absorbiert wird. Der Stoff A muss dabei in mindestens einen anderen Stoff B mit für die Hochenergiestrahlung größerem Absorptionskoeffizienten umwandelbar sein um seine absorptionserhöhende Funktion zu erfüllen. Die Einkopplung der Prozessenergie erfolgt dann durch die erhöhte Absorption der Schweißstrahlung durch den Stoff B. Die Farbe der Partikel des Stoffs A ist für diesen Fall unerheblich.In this way, two opaque plastics can be welded together where the sweat radiation is not or only negligibly absorbed. The Substance A must be included in at least one other substance B for the High energy radiation can be converted to its larger absorption coefficient to perform absorption-increasing function. The process energy is coupled then by the increased absorption of sweat radiation by substance B. The color the particle of substance A is irrelevant in this case.
Auch das Verschweißen zweier oder mehrer Kunststoffe ist möglich, von denen mindestens einer nicht opak ist. Die Einkopplung der Prozessenergie erfolgt dann durch erhöhte Absorption der Schweißstrahlung durch den Stoff B. Ist der nicht opake Kunststoff für sichtbares Licht nur schwach transparent, so kann ein farbiger Stoff A genutzt werden. Ist der nicht opake Kunststoff in hohem Maße transparent, so wird ein nur schwach farbiger oder noch besser ein farbloser Stoff A gewählt um farbliche Veränderungen der Schweißpartner zu vermeiden. Das Einbringen von bei sichtbarem Licht weitgehend oder vollständig farblosen Stoffpartikeln stellt sicher, dass vor dem Schweißen der oder die Kunststoffe farblich unverändert bleiben. Die Reversibilität dieses Umwandlungsprozesses stellt sicher, dass dies auch für die Zeit nach dem Schweißen gilt.It is also possible to weld two or more plastics, one of which at least one is not opaque. The process energy is then coupled in through increased absorption of sweat radiation by substance B. Is not opaque Plastic is only slightly transparent for visible light, so a colored fabric A be used. If the non-opaque plastic is highly transparent, a becomes only weakly colored or even better a colorless substance A selected to color Avoid changes in welding partners. The introduction of when visible Light largely or completely colorless material particles ensures that before the Welding of the plastic (s) remain unchanged in color. The reversibility this conversion process ensures that this will continue to be the case after Welding applies.
Das Einbringen dieses Stoffes A kann auf unterschiedliche Weise erfolgen. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass das Material eines der beiden Schweißpartner diesen Stoff enthält. Dieser Kunststoff muss dabei den reversibel umwandelbaren Stoff zumindest in der dem Schweißpartner zugewandten Oberflächenschicht und damit in der Fügezone enthalten. Dies kann dadurch geschehen, dass der Stoff bei der Herstellung des Kunststoffs als Füllstoff zugemischt wird. Natürlich ist es auch möglich, dass dabei mehrere dieser Stoffe zugemischt werden. Durch den Mischvorgang wird automatisch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Stoffes im Kunststoff sichergestellt. Eine einwandfreie Schweißung mit reproduzierbarer Qualität wird dann durch geeignet gewählte Parameter der Schweißstrahlung sichergestellt.This substance A can be introduced in different ways. A Possibility is that the material of one of the two welding partners is this Contains fabric. This plastic has to be the reversibly convertible substance at least in the surface layer facing the welding partner and thus in the Join zone included. This can be done by having the fabric in the making of the plastic is added as a filler. Of course, it is also possible to do that several of these substances are mixed. The mixing process automatically ensures an even distribution of the material in the plastic. A flawless Welding with reproducible quality is then carried out by suitably chosen parameters the welding radiation ensured.
Im Hinblick auf die verwendeten Wellenlängen der Schweißstrahlung von λ = 800-2000 nm ist es besonders zweckmäßig, wenn ein Kunststoff mit mindestens einem Stoff A zur Verfügung gestellt wird, bei dem der Stoff A durch Zuführung von Energie reversibel in mindestens einen Stoff B umwandelbar ist, und bei dem der Stoff B Strahlung im Wellenlängenbereich von λ = 800-2000 nm stärker absorbiert als der Stoff A. Damit der Kunststoff verschweißbar ist sollte er ein Thermoplast oder ein Thermoelast sein.With regard to the wavelengths used for welding radiation of λ = 800-2000 nm it is particularly useful if a plastic with at least one substance A for Is made available, in which the substance A reversible in by energy at least one substance B is convertible, and in which substance B radiation in Wavelength range of λ = 800-2000 nm absorbed more than the substance A. So that Plastic is weldable, it should be a thermoplastic or a thermoelast.
Im Sinne der vorhergehenden Ausführungen können die Aufgaben durch die Bereitstellung eines Kunststoffs gelöst werden, der mindestens einen Stoff Aj enthält der durch Zuführung von Energie reversibel in einen oder mehrere Stoffe Bi umwandelbar ist, wobei der oder die Stoffe Bi in ihrer Gesamtheit die Strahlung im Wellenlängenbereich von λ = 800-2000 nm stärker absorbieren als der Stoff Aj.In the sense of the preceding explanations, the objects can be achieved by providing a plastic which contains at least one substance A j which can be reversibly converted into one or more substances B i by supplying energy, the substance or substances B i in their entirety Absorb radiation in the wavelength range of λ = 800-2000 nm more than the substance A j .
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Zugabe des Stoffes besteht darin, den Stoff als Schweißzusatzwerkstoff zwischen die beiden Fügepartner einzubringen. Der Schweißzusatzwerkstoff besteht dabei aus einem Grundmaterial, welches den Stoff enthält. Das Grundmaterial des Schweißzusatzwerkstoffes ist vorteilhafterweise ein mit den Schweißpartnern gut mischbarer Kunststoff. Für die oben genannte gute Mischung ist es ganz besonders vorteilhaft, wenn das Grundmaterial der gleiche Kunststoff ist wie einer der beiden Schweißpartner. Another way to add the substance is to consider the substance as Introduce filler metal between the two joining partners. The The filler metal consists of a basic material, which is the material contains. The base material of the filler material is advantageously a with the welding partners easily miscible plastic. For the good mix mentioned above it is particularly advantageous if the base material is the same plastic as one of the two welding partners.
Die oben genannten Aufgaben werden damit durch einen Schweißzusatzwerkstoff aus Kunststoff gelöst, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass er mindestens einen Stoff A enthält der durch Zuführung von Energie reversibel in einen oder mehrere Stoffe Bi umwandelbar ist, und wobei der oder die Stoffe Bi in ihrer Gesamtheit Strahlung im Wellenlängenbereich von λ = 800-2000 nm stärker absorbieren als der Stoff A.The above-mentioned objects are thus achieved by a welding filler material made of plastic, which is characterized in that it contains at least one substance A which can be reversibly converted into one or more substances B i by supplying energy, and the substance or substances B i in all of them absorb radiation in the wavelength range of λ = 800-2000 nm more than substance A.
Der Schweißzusatzwerkstoff kann eine Schicht, eine Folie, oder auch ein Draht sein.The filler metal can be a layer, a foil, or a wire.
Eine den Stoff enthaltende Schicht kann nach den gängigen nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren auf einem der beiden Schweißpartner abgeschieden werden. Beispielsweise kann die Schicht mittels Tampondruck oder mit einem Pinsel aufgebracht werden.A layer containing the substance can be made according to the current state of the art Technically known methods deposited on one of the two welding partners become. For example, the layer can be pad printed or with a brush be applied.
Folien als Schweißzusatzwerkstoff sind besonders leicht handhabbar und weisen den weiteren Vorteil auf, dass bei vorwiegend planaren Oberflächen der Fügepartner leicht große Flächenraten erzielt werden können. Der Einsatz eines drahtförmigen Zusatzwerkstoffes bietet sich besonders unebenen Fügeoberflächen an, um durch die Schmelzebildung diese Unebenheiten auszugleichen.Foils as welding filler are particularly easy to handle and have the Another advantage is that the joining partner is easy on predominantly planar surfaces large area rates can be achieved. The use of a wire-shaped Filler material is particularly suitable for uneven joining surfaces in order to pass through the Melt formation to compensate for these bumps.
Um die oben genannten Anforderungen an das Schweißergebnis bei nicht opaken Kunststoffen zu gewährleisten sollte das Grundmaterial des Zusatzwerkstoffes weitgehend farblos transparent sein. Speziell bei zu verschweißenden opaken Kunststoffen ist auch ein farbiges Grundmaterial denkbar, wenn sich daraus keine optischen Veränderungen im Fügebereich ergeben.To meet the above requirements for the welding result for non-opaque The basic material of the filler material should ensure plastics be largely colorless transparent. Especially for opaque to be welded A colored base material is also conceivable for plastics, if none of them result result in optical changes in the joining area.
Der eingebrachte Stoff A genannt, muss reversibel in einen anderen Stoff B mit für die Hochenergiestrahlung größerem Absorptionskoeffizienten umwandelbar sein. Die reversible Umwandlung geschieht dadurch, dass dem Fügebereich geeignet Hilfsenergie zugeführt wird. Diese zusätzliche Energie (Hilfsenergie) wird vom Stoff A aufgenommen und kann zu einer chemischen Reaktion oder zu einer energetischen Anregung führen. Im Falle einer chemischen Umwandlung kommt es zur Bildung eines anderen Stoffes B mit für die Hochenergie- bzw. Schweißstrahlung größerem Absorptionskoeffizienten. Nach Abschluss des Schweißvorganges gibt der energetisch angeregte Stoff seine Energie wieder ab, bzw. wandelt sich der andere Stoff B in den ursprünglichen Stoff A um.The introduced substance called A must be reversible in another substance B for the High energy radiation can be converted with a larger absorption coefficient. The reversible conversion happens because the joining area is suitable Auxiliary energy is supplied. This additional energy (auxiliary energy) is from substance A recorded and can lead to a chemical reaction or to an energetic Lead suggestion. In the case of a chemical transformation, a is formed other substance B with larger for high energy or welding radiation Absorption coefficient. After the welding process is complete, it gives off energetically excited substance its energy again, or the other substance B changes into original fabric A around.
Die reversible Umwandlung kann eine reversible chemische Umwandlung sein, wie sie beispielsweise bei photochromen Materialien auftritt. Photochromen Materialien sind besonders vorteilhaft, da bei einigen Vertretern dieser Verbindungen eine besonders starke Erhöhung des Absorptionsvermögens dokumentiert ist, weshalb sie zum Beispiel bei Sonnengläsern oder bei wiederbeschreibbaren CD-Aufnahmegeräten (engl. CD- Recorder) eingesetzt werden. In diesem Sinne geeignete Stoffe bzw. Verbindungsklassen sind Spirooxazine, Spiropyranole, Azaindoline, Spirooxazine, Fulgide, Benzopyrane, Naphthopyrane, Dehydropyrene, Thioindigo, Bipyridine, Aziridine, Azobenzole, Xanthene, Azofarbstoffe oder Silberhalogenide.The reversible transformation can be a reversible chemical transformation as it is occurs for example with photochromic materials. Are photochromic materials particularly advantageous because some representatives of these compounds have a particular strong increase in absorbency is documented, which is why, for example for sun glasses or rewritable CD recorders (English CD- Recorder) can be used. Suitable substances or Compound classes are spirooxazines, spiropyranols, azaindolines, spirooxazines, Fulgide, Benzopyrane, Naphthopyrane, Dehydropyrene, Thioindigo, Bipyridine, Aziridine, Azobenzenes, xanthenes, azo dyes or silver halides.
Im Sinne der Erfindung sind auch elektrochrome Stoffe als absorptionserhöhende Stoffe geeignet. Elektrochrome Materialien können durch ein äußeres elektrisches Feld ihre Farbe ändern. Die im Sinne der Erfindung zugeführte Hilfsenergie ist hier die Energie des elektrischen Feldes. Mit der Farbänderung kommt es auch zur gewünschten Erhöhung des Absorptionsvermögens hinsichtlich der Schweißstrahlung.For the purposes of the invention, electrochromic substances are also used as absorption-increasing substances suitable. Electrochromic materials can be caused by an external electric field Change color. The auxiliary energy supplied in the sense of the invention is energy here of the electric field. The color change also leads to the desired one Increase in absorbency with regard to welding radiation.
Der ausgewählte Stoff A ist entweder völlig farblos, nur schwach farbig, oder farbig. Der erste Fall ist bei farblosen transparenten Kunststoffen erforderlich. Bei schwach gefärbten bzw. weitgehend farblosen Kunststoffen kann ein schwach farbiger Zusatzstoff A genügen, ist aber ein völlig farbloser Stoff A vorteilhafter. Dies gilt insbesondere bei zu verschweißenden opaken Kunststoffen. Sind opake Kunststoffe zu verschweißen, so können auch farbige Stoffe A eingesetzt werden.The selected substance A is either completely colorless, only slightly colored, or colored. The The first case is necessary for colorless, transparent plastics. When weak colored or largely colorless plastics can be a slightly colored Additive A is sufficient, but a completely colorless substance A is more advantageous. this applies especially with opaque plastics to be welded. Are opaque plastics too weld, colored fabrics A can also be used.
Der Stoff A sollte so gewählt sein, dass der Stoff B die Schweißstrahlung besonders stark absorbiert, d. h. beim Kunststoffschweißen die üblicherweise verwendeten Wellenlängen von ca. 800-2000 nm. The substance A should be chosen so that the substance B particularly the welding radiation strongly absorbed, d. H. in plastic welding the commonly used Wavelengths of approx. 800-2000 nm.
Für die Umwandlung von Stoff A zu Stoff B wird Hilfsenergie zugeführt. Dies kann thermische Energie oder Energie einer zweiten Strahlungsquelle sein. Wenn die Umwandlung durch Beaufschlagung mit Strahlung einer zweiten Strahlungsquelle erfolgt, so eignet sich besonders Ultraviolett (UV-) Strahlung (λ = 100-400 nm), sichtbares Licht (VIS, λ = 400-800 nm), oder Strahlung im nahen Infrarot (NIR, λ = 800 bis 2000 nm). Die unter anderem nutzbaren Strahlungsquellen sind Diodenlaser, Nd-YAG Laser, oder im NIR-Wellenlängenbereich absorbierende Laser. In den meisten Anwendungsfällen reicht es aus, diese Strahlung im Dauerstrichbetrieb (CW-Betrieb) einzusetzen. Nur zur Schaffung spezieller energetisch angeregter Zustände sollte gepulste Strahlung vonnöten sein.Auxiliary energy is supplied to convert substance A to substance B. This can thermal energy or energy of a second radiation source. If the Conversion by exposure to radiation from a second radiation source is carried out, ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ = 100-400 nm) is particularly suitable, visible Light (VIS, λ = 400-800 nm), or radiation in the near infrared (NIR, λ = 800 to 2000 nm). The radiation sources that can be used include diode lasers, Nd-YAG lasers, or lasers absorbing in the NIR wavelength range. In most It is sufficient to use this radiation in continuous wave mode (CW mode) to use. Only to create special energetically excited states pulsed radiation is required.
Die Rückreaktion des Stoffes B zum Stoff A erfolgt entweder selbstätig unter Strahlungsabgabe, oder wird durch Zuführung von Energie herbeigeführt. Die zugeführte Energie kann dabei thermische Energie sein, oder Strahlungsenergie einer zweiten Strahlungsquelle. Der Stoff B gibt entweder thermische Energie oder Strahlungsenergie im UV-, VIS- oder NIR-Bereich ab.The back reaction of substance B to substance A takes place either automatically at Radiation emission, or is brought about by the supply of energy. The supplied energy can be thermal energy or radiation energy second radiation source. The substance B gives either thermal energy or Radiation energy in the UV, VIS or NIR range.
Wenn die Rückreaktion des Stoffes B hinreichend zeitverzögert einsetzt ist es möglich, die Energiezufuhr vor dem eigentlichen Schweißprozess auszuschalten. Wenn die Rückreaktion schnell erfolgt, kann die Energiezufuhr auch zeitlich parallel zum Schweißprozess erfolgen. Im letztgenannten Fall kann sich die Rückreaktion in einer Änderung der Strahlungsintensität (Gleichgewichtsreaktion) äußern.If the back reaction of substance B starts with a sufficient delay, it is possible to switch off the energy supply before the actual welding process. If the Back reaction occurs quickly, the energy supply can also be parallel to the time Welding process. In the latter case, the back reaction can be in one Express change in radiation intensity (equilibrium reaction).
Fig. 1 zeigt zwei zu verschweißende Kunststoffe (3) und (4), zwischen denen sich ein Draht (5) mit einem bei sichtbarem Licht transparenten Stoff A befindet, der reversibel in einen anderen Stoff B mit für die Schweißstrahlung (1) größerem Absorptionskoeffizienten umwandelbar ist. Der Kunststoff (3) wird zunächst unter Zuhilfenahme einer entsprechenden fokussierenden Optik (2) von Strahlung (1) beaufschlagt, welche durch den Kunststoff (3) nicht absorbiert wird. Die Strahlung trifft im Fügebereich auf den Draht (5). Der Draht enthält den sich reversibel umwandelnden Stoff A. Der Stoff A wandelt sich durch Absorption von Strahlung in einen anderen Stoff B um, der die Hochenergiestrahlung für den Schweißprozess stärker absorbiert als der Ausgangsstoff. Fig. 1 shows two plastics ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) to be welded, between which there is a wire ( 5 ) with a material A which is transparent in visible light and which is reversible in another material B with a higher absorption coefficient for the welding radiation ( 1 ) is convertible. The plastic ( 3 ) is first exposed to radiation ( 1 ) with the aid of a corresponding focusing optic ( 2 ), which radiation is not absorbed by the plastic ( 3 ). The radiation hits the wire ( 5 ) in the joining area. The wire contains the reversibly converting substance A. Substance A is converted by absorption of radiation into another substance B, which absorbs the high-energy radiation for the welding process more than the starting material.
Für den Schweißvorgang wird ein NIR-Laser (z. B. Dioden-, Nd:YAG-Laser) eingesetzt, eingesetzt, dessen Strahlung nunmehr im Fügebereich stark absorbiert wird. Da der Draht (5) so plaziert ist, dass er in thermischen Kontakt zu (3) und (4) steht, wird er aufgeschmolzen, und über Wärmeleitung gelangt die Wärme in die Kunststoffe (3) bzw. (4). Dadurch kommt es zu einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen (3) und (4). Ohne weiteres Zutun wandelt sich der Stoffes B wieder in den Stoff A um.An NIR laser (e.g. diode, Nd: YAG laser) is used for the welding process, the radiation of which is now strongly absorbed in the joining area. Since the wire ( 5 ) is placed in such a way that it is in thermal contact with ( 3 ) and ( 4 ), it is melted and the heat reaches the plastics ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) via heat conduction. This creates a cohesive connection between ( 3 ) and ( 4 ). Without further action, substance B converts back into substance A.
Bei Fig. 2 befindet sich der Stoff A nicht in einem Schweißzusatzwerkstoff (5), sondern ist im Kunststoff (7) enthalten. Nach Ausschalten der Strahlung wird der Kunststoff (7) durch die absorbierte Strahlung erwärmt und aufgeschmolzen. Durch den Wärmekontakt zwischen den Kunststoffen (6) und (7) wird die Wärme zum Kunststoff (6) übertragen. Es entsteht eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den Kunststoffen (6) und (7).In Fig. 2, the substance A is not in a filler metal ( 5 ), but is contained in the plastic ( 7 ). After switching off the radiation, the plastic ( 7 ) is heated and melted by the absorbed radiation. The heat is transferred to the plastic (6) by the thermal contact between the plastics (6) and (7). There is a material connection between the plastics ( 6 ) and ( 7 ).
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Cited By (13)
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EP1238781A1 (en) * | 2001-03-04 | 2002-09-11 | INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH | Process for welding thermoplastic joining parts using laser diode radiation |
EP1297944A1 (en) * | 2001-09-29 | 2003-04-02 | Institut für angewandte Biotechnik und Systemanalyse an der Universität Witten/Herdecke GmbH | Process for laser beam welding of plastic parts |
DE10235892A1 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2003-09-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for welding boundary between two thermoplastic workpieces using laser beam, comprises heating one or both workpieces in area of weld to temperature below its melting point using supplementary heaters |
DE10261642A1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-15 | Laserquipment Ag | Method and device for welding thermoplastic molded parts, in particular for contour welding three-dimensional molded parts |
DE10320096A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-25 | Hänsch, Dirk, Dr. | Laser beam processing device for joining plastics with an additional material |
FR2857616A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-21 | Solvay | Welding assembly procedure for plastic components with a honeycomb core uses electromagnetic radiation such as laser on materials transparent to same with absorbent layer |
DE10335446A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Laser welding of plastic components involves location of energy absorber film between the two components |
DE102006022928A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | Webasto Ag | Use of a penetrating laser beam welding process for the manufacture of a vehicle roof component with two inter-connected plastic layers and exhibiting a first upper transparent plastic layer and a second lower opaque plastic layer |
DE102006054936A1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-05-29 | Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. | Process for temperature-induced, material bonding of substrates comprising thermodynamically incompatible plastics, comprises adding adhesive-welding additive, joining substrate on a joining zone, heating the zone and obtaining substrates |
DE10125570B4 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2008-09-25 | Ticona Gmbh | Method for connecting printed conductors to plastic surfaces |
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US9248622B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method for sealing a fiber-based material |
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EP1238781A1 (en) * | 2001-03-04 | 2002-09-11 | INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH | Process for welding thermoplastic joining parts using laser diode radiation |
DE10125570B4 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2008-09-25 | Ticona Gmbh | Method for connecting printed conductors to plastic surfaces |
EP1297944A1 (en) * | 2001-09-29 | 2003-04-02 | Institut für angewandte Biotechnik und Systemanalyse an der Universität Witten/Herdecke GmbH | Process for laser beam welding of plastic parts |
DE10235892A1 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2003-09-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for welding boundary between two thermoplastic workpieces using laser beam, comprises heating one or both workpieces in area of weld to temperature below its melting point using supplementary heaters |
DE10261642A1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-15 | Laserquipment Ag | Method and device for welding thermoplastic molded parts, in particular for contour welding three-dimensional molded parts |
CN100348404C (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2007-11-14 | Lpkf激光电子股份公司 | Method and device for welding thermoplastic material shaped parts, particularly for contour-welding three-dimensional shaped parts |
US8075725B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2011-12-13 | Laserquipment Ag | Method and device for welding thermoplastic material shaped parts, particularly for contour-welding three-dimensional shaped parts |
DE10320096A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-25 | Hänsch, Dirk, Dr. | Laser beam processing device for joining plastics with an additional material |
FR2857616A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-21 | Solvay | Welding assembly procedure for plastic components with a honeycomb core uses electromagnetic radiation such as laser on materials transparent to same with absorbent layer |
DE10335446A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Laser welding of plastic components involves location of energy absorber film between the two components |
US9248622B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2016-02-02 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method for sealing a fiber-based material |
DE102006022928A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | Webasto Ag | Use of a penetrating laser beam welding process for the manufacture of a vehicle roof component with two inter-connected plastic layers and exhibiting a first upper transparent plastic layer and a second lower opaque plastic layer |
DE102006054936A1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-05-29 | Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. | Process for temperature-induced, material bonding of substrates comprising thermodynamically incompatible plastics, comprises adding adhesive-welding additive, joining substrate on a joining zone, heating the zone and obtaining substrates |
DE102009004629A1 (en) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-07-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Component arrangement for connecting natural fiber mats, has connection unit for connecting natural fiber components and comprising electric conductor i.e. steel wire, and plastic body i.e. plastic jacket |
EP2923821B1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-08-07 | Sogefi Engine Systems USA, Inc. | Method for direct infrared laser welding |
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