DE19916142A1 - Differential hybrid drive has planetary wheels linking internal combustion engine and electric motor and used to drive and brake vehicle - Google Patents

Differential hybrid drive has planetary wheels linking internal combustion engine and electric motor and used to drive and brake vehicle

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Publication number
DE19916142A1
DE19916142A1 DE19916142A DE19916142A DE19916142A1 DE 19916142 A1 DE19916142 A1 DE 19916142A1 DE 19916142 A DE19916142 A DE 19916142A DE 19916142 A DE19916142 A DE 19916142A DE 19916142 A1 DE19916142 A1 DE 19916142A1
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drive
internal combustion
combustion engine
electric motor
hybrid drive
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K5/04—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units with the engine main axis, e.g. crankshaft axis, transversely to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
    • B60T2270/602—ABS features related thereto
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The drive has an internal combustion engine and an electric motor each flanged onto a separate planetary wheel which are arranged opposite one another and of which both are connected to each other planetary wheel through two further planetary wheels which are arranged at angles of 90 degrees and which in turn are attached on a planetary support which serves as the main drive element.

Description

1. Die Erfindung betrifft1. The invention relates

  • - die Kombination von Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor zu einem Hybridantrieb, der auf einer Achse angeordnet ist, die nicht die Antriebsachse ist, und die mechanische Verbindung der Motoren durch ein Differential,- the combination of electric and internal combustion engines to form a hybrid drive, which is arranged on an axis which is not the drive axis, and which mechanical connection of the motors through a differential,
  • - den Ersatz eines stufenlosen Automatikgetriebes und den Ersatz einer Kupplung,- the replacement of a continuously variable automatic transmission and the replacement of a clutch,
  • - den Ersatz von Anlasser und Lichtmaschine,- replacement of starter and alternator,
  • - die Optimierung der Motorennutzung und die Reduzierung des Treibstoffverbrauchs durch eine sensorisch nach der jeweiligen Fahrsituation bedarfsgerecht ermittelte, automatisch gesteuerte Regelung des Motoreneinsatzes,- Optimizing engine use and reducing the Fuel consumption through a sensor based on the respective driving situation Automatically controlled regulation of the Engine use,
  • - die Geschwindigkeitsregelung eines Fahrzeugs über Drehrichtung und Drehgeschwindigkeit eines Elektromotors,- The speed control of a vehicle via direction of rotation and Speed of rotation of an electric motor,
  • - Funktionen des Antiblockiersystems (ABS) und der Antischlupfregelung (ASR) durch die ohnehin notwendigen Sensoriken der Motor-/Getriebe-Kombination.- Functions of the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the anti-slip control (ASR) due to the sensors of the engine / gearbox combination that are necessary anyway.
2. Stand der Technik2. State of the art

Bekannt sind Hybridantriebe, die Verbrennungsmotoren, z. B. Benzin- oder Dieselmotoren, mit einem Elektroantrieb verbinden, und zwar in folgenden Varianten:
Hybrid drives are known, the internal combustion engines, for. B. gasoline or diesel engines, with an electric drive, in the following variants:

  • 2.1 Hybridantrieb, bestehend aus einem Verbrennungsmotor, einem Generator und einem Elektromotor, wobei sämtliche dieser Aggregate die gleiche Leistung haben müssen. Der Verbrennungsmotor treibt den Generator an, dieser; ggf. über Batterien, den als einzigen Antriebsmotor dienenden Elektromotor. Dieser Typ eines Hybridantriebs ist somit sehr aufwendig. Er ersetzt zwar ein herkömmliches Getriebe, benötigt aber zum Starten einen Anlasser. 2.1 Hybrid drive, consisting of an internal combustion engine, a generator and an electric motor, all of which have the same output need to have. The internal combustion engine drives the generator, this one; possibly. via batteries, the electric motor serving as the sole drive motor. This The type of hybrid drive is therefore very complex. He replaces one conventional gearbox, but requires a starter to start.  
  • 2.2 Hybridantrieb mit direkter Kraftübertragung auf die Antriebsachse durch Verbrennungsmotor-Generator-Antrieb (Serienhybrid). Dieser Hybridantrieb benötigt ein Getriebe.2.2 Hybrid drive with direct power transmission to the drive axle through Internal combustion engine-generator drive (series hybrid). This hybrid drive needs a gearbox.
  • 2.3 Hybridantrieb mit direktem wechselweisen Betrieb von Verbrennungs- und Elektromotor auf die Antriebsachse, wobei sich die Serienkraft addiert (Parallel- Hybrid). Zwar können bei diesem Typ des Hybridantriebs Verbrennungs- und Elektromotor auch gleichzeitig arbeiten, dann aber nicht mit unterschiedlicher Drehzahl. Auch dieser Hybridantrieb benötigt ein Getriebe.2.3 Hybrid drive with direct alternate operation of combustion and Electric motor on the drive axle, whereby the series force is added (parallel Hybrid). In this type of hybrid drive, combustion and Electric motor also work at the same time, but not with different ones Rotational speed. This hybrid drive also requires a gearbox.

Bei allen bisher bekannten Hybridantrieben sind die Motoren auf der Antriebswelle starr oder über eine Kupplung miteinander verbunden. Sie geben ihre maximale Leistung weder nach dem Kriterium der geringsten Leistungsaufnahme noch automatisch nach der jeweiligen Fahrsituation ab.In all known hybrid drives, the motors are on the drive shaft rigid or connected via a coupling. They give their maximum Performance neither according to the criterion of lowest power consumption nor automatically depending on the driving situation.

Ein Verbrennungsmotor als einzig aktive Antriebsquelle gibt seine maximale Leistung nur in einem eng begrenzten Drehzahlbereich ab. Sein Drehmoment zur Beschleunigung liegt bei nur etwa 1/5 seines Nenndrehmoments. Deshalb kann er ein Fahrzeug aus dem Leerlauf nur durch langsamen Hochlauf in den optimalen Drehzahlbereich beschleunigen. Zum Ausgleich dieses Drehzahldrehmoment- Nachteiles benötigt der Verbrennungsmotor als einzig aktiver Antrieb ein Getriebe mit der dazu nötigen Verbindungsmechanik. Die Leistung des Verbrennungsmotors bei Leerlaufdrehzahl genügt nicht zum Laden einer Batterie, wie sie als Speichermedium für den Antrieb eines Fahrzeugs notwendig wäre.An internal combustion engine as the only active drive source gives its maximum power only in a narrowly limited speed range. His torque to Acceleration is only about 1/5 of its nominal torque. That's why he can a vehicle from idle only by slowly ramping up to the optimum Accelerate speed range. To compensate for this speed torque Disadvantage, the internal combustion engine needs a gearbox as the only active drive the necessary connection mechanism. The performance of the internal combustion engine Idling speed is not enough to charge a battery like it is used as a storage medium would be necessary to drive a vehicle.

Die bekannten Hybridantriebe übernehmen schließlich nicht alte diejenigen Zusatzfunktionen, die der erfindungsgegenständliche Hybridantrieb übernehmen kann.After all, the well-known hybrid drives do not take over the old ones Additional functions performed by the hybrid drive according to the invention can.

3. Die Erfindung beruht auf folgenden Überlegungen3. The invention is based on the following considerations 3.1 Drehmomente bei Verbrennungs- und Elektromotoren3.1 Torques for combustion and electric motors

Die Nennleistung eines Motors in Kilowatt spiegelt nicht sein Drehmomentverhalten während der Anfahr- oder Beschleunigungsphase wider, in der ein Verbrennungsmotor nur etwa ein Fünftel, ein Elektromotor dagegen etwa das Dreifache seines Nenndrehmomentes freisetzt. Hieraus folgt, daß in der Anfahrphase ein Elektromotor etwa mit der 15fachen Kraft eines mit gleicher Nennleistung ausgestatteten Verbrennungsmotors beschleunigen kann. Allein wegen dieses Nachteils werden Verbrennungsmotoren bei Hubraum und Leistung überdimensioniert, damit sie bei Anfahrt Beschleunigungsvermögen haben.The rated power of an engine in kilowatts does not reflect it Torque behavior during the start-up or acceleration phase, in which an internal combustion engine only about a fifth, an electric motor against it releases about three times its nominal torque. It follows that in the Start-up phase of an electric motor with about 15 times the force of one with the same  Nominal power equipped internal combustion engine can accelerate. Alone because of this disadvantage, internal combustion engines in displacement and Performance oversized so that it accelerates when approaching to have.

Der Verbrennungsmotor erreicht die besten Zylinderfüllungen, die höchste Kraftumsetzung und damit den niedrigsten Treibstoffverbrauch bei konstanter Drehzahl etwa zwischen 2000 und 2400 Upm und ist damit prädestiniert für die Aufrechterhaltung einer erreichten Fahrgeschwindigkeit.The internal combustion engine achieves the best cylinder fillings, the highest Power conversion and thus the lowest fuel consumption with constant Speed around between 2000 and 2400 rpm and is therefore predestined for Maintaining an achieved driving speed.

Gelänge es, in der Beschleunigungsphase einen Elektromotor einzusetzen, so würde der dargelegte Grund für die Überdimensionierung von Verbrennungsmotoren entfallen. Zur Erzielung gleicher Fahrleistungen würden wesentlich kleinere, somit auch leichtere und kostengünstigere Antriebsaggregate genügen.If it were possible to use an electric motor in the acceleration phase, see above the reason given for the oversizing of Internal combustion engines are eliminated. To achieve the same mileage much smaller, therefore lighter and cheaper Drive units are sufficient.

Der Einsatz eines Elektromotors zu Beschleunigungszwecken in Fahrzeugen setzt eine ausreichende Stromversorgung voraus. Als Energiequelle sind möglichst kleine und deshalb leichte Batterien anzustreben, die permanent also auch bei Leerlauf des Verbrennungsmotors, so weit geladen werden, daß sie als Speichermedium für den Antrieb eines Fahrzeuges insbes. in der Beschleunigungsphase geeignet sind. Die für den Leerlauf des Verbrennungsmotors nötige Mindestdrehzahl genügt dieser Anforderung nicht. Um sie zu erfüllen, muß die Leerlaufdrehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors entsprechend erhöht werden.The use of an electric motor for acceleration purposes in vehicles requires an adequate power supply. As a source of energy to aim for small and therefore light batteries, which are permanent even when the internal combustion engine is idling, be loaded so far that they are as Storage medium for the drive of a vehicle, in particular in the Acceleration phase are suitable. The for the idle of the The minimum engine speed required by the internal combustion engine does not meet this requirement. To meet them, the idle speed of the internal combustion engine be increased accordingly.

Ein am Fahrbetrieb orientierter Einsatz jeweils desjenigen Motors, der für die jeweilige Anforderung die geringste Leistungsaufnahme benötigt, konkret: wann welcher Motor seine Leistung erbringen soll, ist durch eine Steuerungsautomatik zu regeln.A use oriented to the driving operation of each engine that is for the each requirement requires the lowest power consumption, specifically: when which engine should perform is determined by a Control automatic control.

3.2 Antrieb3.2 Drive

Sollen die jeweils vorteilhaften Drehmomentbereiche beider Motoren entsprechend der jeweiligen Fahrsituation (Stand, Beschleunigen, Geschwindigkeit haften, Bremsen, Rückwärtsfahren) aktiviert und genutzt werden, setzt dies voraus, daß beide Antriebsquellen a) variabel miteinander gekoppelt sind und b) ihre Drehmomente an ein und denselben Antrieb abgeben. Should the respective advantageous torque ranges of both motors according to the respective driving situation (stand, acceleration, Speed, brake, reverse) activated and used , this presupposes that both drive sources a) are variable with one another are coupled and b) deliver their torques to one and the same drive.  

Der am Fahrbedarf orientierte wechselweise Betrieb von Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor als fahrsituationsbedingte Antriebsquellen macht es aber wegen der unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen beider Antriebsquellen weiter erforderlich, Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor zwar auf ein- und derselben Achse, aber nicht auf der Antriebsachse zu positionieren.The alternating operation of electrical and electronic geared to driving needs Combustion engine as driving situation-related drive sources makes it however because of the different speeds of both drive sources required, electric and combustion engine on the same axis, but not to be positioned on the drive axis.

Die anzustrebende Lösung soll multifunktional sein.The desired solution should be multifunctional.

4. Der erfinderische Gedanke wird wie folgt gelöst4. The inventive idea is solved as follows

  • 1. Als Antrieb dient ein schematisch in Anlage 1 dargestellter Differentialhybrid, bei dem ein Verbrennungsmotor V am Planetenrad PV und ein Elektromotor E am Planetenrad PE angeflanscht sind. Die Planetenräder PV und PE übertragen die Drehmomente der an sie angeflanschten Motoren über die am Planetenträger PT angebrachten Planetenräder PR auf die weiteren Antriebselemente AE.
    Damit werden der Verbrennungsmotor und der Elektromotor mechanisch mit einem Differential verbunden, das seinerseits als Antriebsachse oder -element auf die weitere Antriebsmechanik wirkt. Dieser Differenzialhybridantrieb gewährleistet oder ermöglicht eine konstante Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors, ein immer optimales Drehmoment, minimalen Verbrauch, optimale Wärmebilanz (d. h. keine Heiß- und keine Kaltpunkte) und eine lange Abnutzungsdauer durch Vermeidung von Lastschleifen.
    Er ermöglicht weiter eine variable Drehzahl des Elektromotors, über deren Veränderung Fahrtrichtung und Geschwindigkeit wie folgt bestimmt und geregelt werden können:
    Stillstand des Fahrzeugs ist, anders als bei herkömmlichen Automatikgetrieben, bei Motorleerlauf ungebremst möglich. Das wird dadurch erreicht, daß sich, wenn das Fahrzeug- horizontal steht, der Elektromotor genau so schnell rückwärts dreht wie der Verbrennungsmotor vorwärts. Dann stehen Antriebswelle und Räder. Ein Wegrollen des Wagens ist nicht möglich.
    Beschleunigen/Vorwärtsfahrt: Die Beschleunigung erfolgt durch Reduzierung der Drehzahl des Elektromotors bis zu dessen Stillstand und weiter durch Antreiben des Elektromotors bis zur Höchstdrehzahl in Drehrichtung des Verbrennungsmotors, dessen Drehzahl weiterhin konstant bleibt.
    Rückwärtsfahrt erfolgt dadurch, daß sich der Elektromotor etwas schneller rückwärts dreht als der Verbrennungsmotor vorwärts.
    Der Differentialhybridantrieb kann ggf. auch im reinen Elektrobetrieb arbeiten oder bei Überlandfahrten ab einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit im reinen Verbrennungsbetrieb.
    Der Differentialhybridantrieb macht ein jedes Getriebe, gleich welcher Bauart, entbehrlich, bietet als stufenloses Automatikgetriebe in allen Geschwindigkeitsbereichen mehr Komfort, benötigt keine Kupplung, hat weniger Bauteile und Gewicht, ist weniger störanfällig und erheblich kostengünstiger herzustellen.
    Ein jeder Fahrbereich und auch die Fahrtrichtungen vorwärts/rückwärts werden ausschließlich mittels Gaspedal und/oder Joystick gewählt.
    Die Regelung kann erkennen, ob ein Rad durchdreht. Sie vermindert dann über das erfindungsgegenständliche Differentialgetriebe das Drehmoment auf dieses Rad und erfüllt damit die Funktion der Antischlupfregelung (ASR).    1. A differential hybrid, shown schematically in Appendix 1 , is used as the drive, in which an internal combustion engine V is flanged to the planet gear PV and an electric motor E to the planet gear PE. The planet gears PV and PE transmit the torques of the motors flanged to them via the planet gears PR attached to the planet carrier PT to the further drive elements AE.
    In this way, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor are mechanically connected to a differential, which in turn acts as a drive axle or element on the further drive mechanism. This differential hybrid drive guarantees or enables a constant speed of the combustion engine, always optimal torque, minimal consumption, optimal heat balance (ie no hot and no cold points) and long wear and tear by avoiding load loops.
    It also enables a variable speed of the electric motor, the change of direction and speed can be determined and regulated as follows:
    In contrast to conventional automatic transmissions, the vehicle can be stopped when the engine is idling. This is achieved in that when the vehicle is horizontal, the electric motor turns backwards just as quickly as the combustion engine forwards. Then the drive shaft and wheels are in place. It is not possible for the car to roll away.
    Accelerate / drive forward: The acceleration takes place by reducing the speed of the electric motor to its standstill and further by driving the electric motor up to the maximum speed in the direction of rotation of the internal combustion engine, the speed of which remains constant.
    Reverse travel takes place in that the electric motor turns backwards somewhat faster than the internal combustion engine forwards.
    The differential hybrid drive can, if necessary, also work in pure electric mode or when traveling overland in a certain speed in pure combustion mode.
    The differential hybrid drive makes any transmission, no matter what type, unnecessary, offers more comfort as a continuously variable automatic transmission in all speed ranges, does not require a clutch, has fewer components and weight, is less susceptible to faults and considerably cheaper to manufacture.
    Each driving range and the driving directions forwards / backwards are selected exclusively by means of the accelerator pedal and / or joystick.
    The control can detect whether a wheel is spinning. It then reduces the torque on this wheel via the differential gear according to the invention and thus fulfills the function of the anti-slip control (ASR).
  • 2.  Die Motor-/Getriebeeinheit übernimmt darüber hinaus folgende weitere Funktionen:
    Feststellbremse: Ist die Motor-/Getriebeeinheit abgeschaltet, können sich die Räder nicht mehr drehen.
    Betriebsbremse: Die Bremsenergie der vom Differentialhybridantrieb gesteuerten - nur auf angetriebene Achsen wirkenden - Betriebsbremse kann in beliebiger Höhe verzögern, wird vollständig (abzüglich der Verlustleistungen, die hier vernachlässigt werden können) in den Batterien gespeichert und ist für die nächste Beschleunigung verfügbar. Mit der im Getriebe eingebauten mechanischen Bremse und der elektrischen Nutzbremse hat eine jede angetriebene Achse zwei voneinander unabhängig wirkende Bremssysteme. Für die Räder einer angetriebenen Achse ist eine herkömmliche Betriebsbremse entbehrlich, die Räder des Fahrzeugs werden zusätzlich von einer konventionellen Bremse unterstützt:
    Antiblockiersystem ABS: Die für den Differentialhybrid ohnehin benötigte Regelung kann an den Antriebsrädern die ABS-Funktion übernehmen und gewährleisten, daß die sog. Nutzbremsung ein Blockieren der Räder verhindert.
    Anlasser: Das Antriebsrad bleibt gebremst, der Elektromotor dreht rückwärts und startet damit den Verbrennungsmotor vorwärts, weil das Differential eine Drehrichtungsumkehr bewirkt.
    Lichtmaschine: Arbeitet der Elektromotor im Generatorbetrieb, wird Strom erzeugt. Eine gesonderte Lichtmaschine ist somit nicht mehr nötig.    2. The motor / gear unit also performs the following additional functions:
    Parking brake: If the engine / transmission unit is switched off, the wheels can no longer turn.
    Service brake: The braking energy of the service brake controlled by the differential hybrid drive - which only acts on driven axles - can decelerate at any level, is completely stored in the batteries (minus the power losses that can be neglected here) and is available for the next acceleration. With the mechanical brake built into the gearbox and the electric service brake, each driven axle has two brake systems that act independently of one another. A conventional service brake is not necessary for the wheels of a driven axle; the wheels of the vehicle are additionally supported by a conventional brake:
    ABS anti-lock braking system: The control required for the differential hybrid can take over the ABS function on the drive wheels and ensure that the so-called regenerative braking prevents the wheels from locking.
    Starter: The drive wheel remains braked, the electric motor turns backwards and thus starts the internal combustion engine forwards because the differential reverses the direction of rotation.
    Alternator: If the electric motor works in generator mode, electricity is generated. A separate alternator is therefore no longer necessary.

Der bedarfsgerecht gesteuerte Einsatz von Elektro- und/oder Verbrennungsmotor bewirkt infolge optimaler Drehmomentnutzung eine erhebliche Treibstoffreduzierung bei verbesserter Beschleunigung und Elastizität, außerdem durch Wegfall häufiger Gaswechsel eine Schonung des Verbrennungsmotors und eine Verlängerung Abnutzungsdauer. Der Verbrennungsmotor arbeitet immer im optimalen Drehmomentbereich. Dadurch wird sein Verschleiß niedrig gehalten. Drehzahlunterschiede fördern den Verschleiß.The need-based controlled use of electric and / or combustion engines causes a significant reduction in fuel as a result of optimal torque utilization with improved acceleration and elasticity, more often due to loss Gas change protects the internal combustion engine and extends it Period of wear. The internal combustion engine always works optimally Torque range. This keeps its wear low. Differences in speed promote wear.

Das Beschleunigungsvermögen und die Elastizität kommen ausschließlich vom Elektromotor, der durch eine Steuerlogik automatisch den Fahrwunsch erfüllt und gleichzeitig die Energie zwischen Motor, Batterie- und Generatorbetrieb pendeln läßt, was bewirkt, daß die Batterien extrem kleingehalten werden können, weil die Batterien immer nur für kurze Zeit, nämlich nur in der Beschleunigungsphase, benötigt werden. Ansonsten werden Überschußenergie und Bremsenergie elektrisch gespeichert.The acceleration and elasticity come exclusively from Electric motor that automatically fulfills the driving request by means of control logic at the same time swing the energy between the engine, battery and generator operation leaves what causes the batteries to be kept extremely small because the Batteries only for a short time, namely only in the acceleration phase, are needed. Otherwise, excess energy and braking energy become electrical saved.

Claims (1)

Differentialhybridantrieb, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Verbrennungs- und ein Elektromotor jeweils an ein gesondertes Planetenrad angeflanscht sind, die zueinander gegenüber angeordnet sind und von denen beide über zwei weitere, zu ihnen im Winkel von 90° angebrachte Planetenräder, die ihrerseits an einem als Hauptantriebselement dienenden Planetenträger angebracht sind, mit dem jeweils anderen Planetenrad verbunden sind.Differential hybrid drive, characterized in that an internal combustion engine and an electric motor are each flanged to a separate planet gear, which are arranged opposite one another and both of which have two further planet gears attached to them at an angle of 90 °, which in turn serve on a main drive element Planet carriers are attached, are connected to the other planet gear.
DE19916142A 1999-04-10 1999-04-10 Differential hybrid drive has planetary wheels linking internal combustion engine and electric motor and used to drive and brake vehicle Ceased DE19916142A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009077261A2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drive train module and drive train for a motor vehicle
DE10058020B4 (en) * 2000-11-23 2013-09-12 Burani Consulting Limited Liability Company Automotive drive
DE102022004503A1 (en) 2022-12-01 2024-06-06 Michael Langer Hybrid drive system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10058020B4 (en) * 2000-11-23 2013-09-12 Burani Consulting Limited Liability Company Automotive drive
WO2009077261A2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drive train module and drive train for a motor vehicle
WO2009077261A3 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-05-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drive train module and drive train for a motor vehicle
DE102022004503A1 (en) 2022-12-01 2024-06-06 Michael Langer Hybrid drive system

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