WO2021255188A1 - Parallel hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, motor vehicle, and method for operating a parallel hybrid drive - Google Patents

Parallel hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, motor vehicle, and method for operating a parallel hybrid drive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021255188A1
WO2021255188A1 PCT/EP2021/066463 EP2021066463W WO2021255188A1 WO 2021255188 A1 WO2021255188 A1 WO 2021255188A1 EP 2021066463 W EP2021066463 W EP 2021066463W WO 2021255188 A1 WO2021255188 A1 WO 2021255188A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
hybrid drive
parallel hybrid
designed
combustion engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/066463
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Janssen
Jakob Andert
Michael Engels
Original Assignee
Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen
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Publication date
Application filed by Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen filed Critical Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen
Priority to US18/010,409 priority Critical patent/US20230311635A1/en
Priority to EP21734107.2A priority patent/EP4168263A1/en
Priority to CN202180043431.4A priority patent/CN115702088A/en
Publication of WO2021255188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021255188A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
    • B62J43/10—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion
    • B62J43/16—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion on motorcycles or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M23/00—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions
    • B62M23/02—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions characterised by the use of two or more dissimilar sources of power, e.g. transmissions for hybrid motorcycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60W2300/36—Cycles; Motorcycles; Scooters
    • B60W2300/365—Scooters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0013—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for rear-wheel-driven vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2079—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a parallel hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, a motor vehicle, a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a purely electric mode, a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a direct drive mode and a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a CVT -Mode (Continuous Variable Transmission) with stepless control range.
  • the parallel hybrid drive according to the invention for a motor vehicle comprises a) an electrical machine which can be operated as a motor and generator, b) an internal combustion engine, c) a drive axle, d) a planetary gear, comprising - a first shaft which is connected to the electrical machine,
  • a third shaft which is connected to the drive axle, e) a switching element which is designed to firmly connect at least two shafts of the epicyclic gearing to one another, and f) a first braking element which is designed to prevent rotation of the internal combustion engine in to prevent one direction of rotation.
  • the first braking element is designed to prevent rotation of the internal combustion engine in one direction of rotation, the drive axis can be driven by means of the electric machine independently of the internal combustion engine. This enables a purely electric drive of the motor vehicle.
  • the first braking element can be designed, for example, to block rotation of the internal combustion engine in a reverse direction.
  • the first brake element can be designed to fix an output shaft of the internal combustion engine on a housing of the hybrid drive.
  • the first Bremsele element can be designed to work, for example, frictionally or positively.
  • the first brake element can be designed to connect the output shaft to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner by actuating it.
  • the first brake element can, for example, be closed by actuation.
  • a non-rotatable connec tion can require the same rotational movement of the two connected components. Because of a wanted or unwanted slip, there may be a speed difference, although the rotary movements are to be regarded as the same.
  • the first braking element can, for example, be designed to switch automatically. This can mean that the first brake element can close and open automatically.
  • the respective actuators for actuating the first braking element can be dispensed with and actuation takes place automatically through the operation of the hybrid drive, for example based on the respective states of the electrical machine and the internal combustion engine. In this way, the hybrid drive can be compact and inexpensive. In addition, no manual actuation of the brake element is necessary. This simplifies the operation of the motor vehicle.
  • the first brake element can be designed to automatically set the output shaft of the internal combustion engine as a function of a first direction of rotation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the first brake element can be designed to automatically release the output shaft of the internal combustion engine as a function of a second opposite direction of rotation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the first braking element can for example be designed as a freewheel, in particular as a roller freewheel.
  • An example of a roller freewheel is a ball bearing which is designed to block rotation of a shaft mounted thereon in the first direction of rotation and to block it in the second direction of rotation opposite to this.
  • the first braking element can be designed to be active to be switched.
  • the hybrid drive can have a brake actuation element for this purpose.
  • a purely actively switchable braking element can be simpler and cheaper than a purely automatically switching braking element, since it can be free of rotating parts or at least have fewer rotating parts.
  • An actively switchable first brake element enables recuperation by the electric machine in more states of the hybrid drive.
  • the actively switchable first braking element can, for example, also lock the second shaft.
  • the actively switchable first brake element can be designed to prevent rotation of the internal combustion engine in both directions of rotation.
  • the output shaft of the internal combustion engine can be permanently connected to the second shaft in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the second shaft of the epicyclic gear can be formed in one piece or welded or screwed to one another.
  • the first brake element is therefore not used, for example, to separate the connection between the internal combustion engine and the second shaft of the epicyclic gear train or to produce it.
  • the epicyclic gearing can be designed as a planetary gear, for example.
  • the planetary gear can only have one planetary gear set.
  • the planetary gear set can be formed, for example, as a minus planetary gear set or a plus planetary gear set.
  • the planetary gear set can have a sun gear shaft, a spider shaft and a ring gear shaft.
  • a set of planet gears can be rotatably mounted on the spider shaft. Each planet gear can mesh with the sun gear shaft and the ring gear shaft, for example.
  • the hybrid drive can be free of further braking elements than those described here and further switching elements.
  • the first shaft of the planetary gear is formed as a ring gear shaft, the second shaft of the planetary gear as a sun gear shaft and the third shaft of the planetary gear as a spider shaft.
  • This can result in favorable transmission ratios, especially since the electric machine usually works most efficiently at higher speeds and the internal combustion engine relative to this at lower speeds.
  • the parallel hybrid drive preferably comprises a throttle valve control which is designed to set a torque of the internal combustion engine at a given speed before.
  • the operating speed is defined by means of the electric motor.
  • the throttle valve control is particularly preferably implemented directly mechanically.
  • a direct mechanical throttle valve control can for example be provided by a Bowden cable.
  • the throttle valve control can have an actuating element.
  • the actuating element can be mechanically connected directly to the throttle valve for adjusting the throttle valve of the internal combustion engine.
  • the actuating element can be designed as a rotary handle of a handlebar of a motor scooter which has the hybrid drive.
  • the actuating element can be designed to set a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, for example by controlling an air supply to the internal combustion engine.
  • the actuating element can be connected to the throttle valve by means of the Bowden cable in the directly mechanically executed throttle valve control.
  • a generated torque can be changed by a driver by actuating the actuating element.
  • the electrical machine can be designed, for example, to be speed-controlled.
  • the electrical machine can have an inverter, by means of which a rotational speed and / or a torque output of the electrical machine can be set.
  • the electrical machine can also be controlled by means of the actuating element.
  • the actuating element can have a sensor which is designed to detect a position of the actuating element. This position can be transmitted to the inverter.
  • the inverter can be designed to control the electrical machine as a function of the detected position of the inverter to control.
  • the hybrid drive can be particularly simple and inexpensive if the actuating element of the throttle valve control is also designed to control the electrical machine.
  • a throttle valve position can be set proportionally to a rotary position of the rotary handle and a control signal for the electrical machine can be generated.
  • electrical control of the electric motor can also be simple.
  • the parallel hybrid drive preferably comprises an energy store, which is designed to supply the electric machine with electrical energy and to be charged by the electric machine, and a second brake element, which is designed to drive the drive axle during a stationary charging process of the energy store to block.
  • the second braking element is preferably a wheel brake.
  • the second braking element can form a driving brake of the motor vehicle.
  • a number of braking elements can be small and, for example, limited to two or three braking elements.
  • a third brake element can be designed to brake a non-driven axle of the motor vehicle, which is designed, for example, as a front axle. While driving, the second braking element and optionally the third braking element can brake a driving speed of the motor vehicle.
  • the second brake element and optionally the third brake element can be actuated by the driver of the motor vehicle.
  • the actuation of the second braking element and the third braking element can be coupled to one another, so that only one common actuation is possible.
  • Operating the internal combustion engine with the drive axle braked enables the energy store to be charged in a stationary manner.
  • light operation of the electrical machine with the drive axle braked enables the internal combustion engine to be started from a standstill.
  • the second brake element can be designed to be permanently moved into a closed state by actuation.
  • the second Bremsele element can be designed to be permanently closed like a handbrake.
  • the hybrid drive can therefore be designed to drive the energy storage device ben to charge the electrical machine with the internal combustion engine.
  • the hybrid drive can also be designed to charge the energy store by braking the motor vehicle with the electric machine.
  • the energy store can be electrically connected to the electrical machine via the inverter.
  • the hybrid drive can have a charging controller.
  • the charging controller can be designed as part of the electrical machine.
  • the charging controller can be formed by the inverter or have this.
  • the charging controller can be designed to control the electrical machine as a function of a charging state of the energy storage device.
  • the charge controller can automatically charge the energy store while driving the motor vehicle or reduce a speed and / or a power output of the electric motor when the state of charge falls below a threshold value.
  • the charging control can be designed to modify the control of the electric machine as a function of the position of the actuating element according to the state of charge of the energy store.
  • the charging controller can modify a characteristic curve of the electrical machine which specifies its speed relative to the position of the actuating element, in particular by shifting it.
  • the hybrid drive control is very simple, robust and of low complexity.
  • a total torque of the hybrid drive can be reduced in comparison with a high state of charge.
  • the driver can, however, compensate for this intuitively and simply by means of an adapted actuation.
  • the driver can turn the rotary handle of the scooter further to a higher drive power in order to achieve a desired power output even when the charge level is low.
  • a larger proportion of the power is then provided by the internal combustion engine. For example, no complex regulation has to be provided for this, but the direct mechanical throttle valve control enables the driver to compensate accordingly through his control.
  • the energy store can also be used to supply power to other systems of the motor vehicle without their failure due to the energy store being completely emptied threatened by the electric machine.
  • the hybrid drive can have a charging device which is designed to charge the energy store with an energy source external to the vehicle.
  • the charging device can enable the energy store to be charged by connecting it to a national power grid.
  • the switching element By connecting the at least two shafts of the planetary gear by means of the switching element, the planetary gear can be blocked.
  • the sun gear shaft, the spider shaft and the ring gear shaft rotate at the same speed. Accordingly, the planet gears no longer roll with their teeth on the sun gear shaft and the ring gear shaft, which means that the epicyclic gear train is very efficient in the locked state.
  • the switching element is designed to connect the third shaft of the order impeller transmission with the first shaft or the second shaft of the Umlaufchengetrie bes.
  • the switching element can, for example, be designed to switch automatically. In contrast to an actively switchable switching element, the respective actuators for actuating the switching element can thus be dispensed with.
  • the hybrid drive can be compact and inexpensive. In addition, no manual actuation of the switching element is necessary. This simplifies the operation of the motor vehicle.
  • the switching element can be designed to switch depending on a speed of the third shaft of the epicyclic gear.
  • the switching element can be connected to the third shaft on one side, for example.
  • a connection between the two shafts of the planetary gear can be established or disconnected.
  • the speed of the third shaft of the epicyclic gearing can correspond to the speed of the drive axle and thus correspond to a driving speed of the vehicle.
  • the switching element can be designed to connect the at least two shafts of the epicyclic gear to one another when a limit speed is exceeded by the speed of the third shaft of the epicyclic gear. This means that the hybrid drive can automatically be switched to the locked state from a certain driving speed and thus work particularly efficiently at high speeds.
  • a particularly high Power through an addition of driving forces in the epicyclic gear causes who the, which can enable a particularly high driving speed. Due to the efficient power transmission in the epicyclic gearing, the hybrid drive can potentially provide more power to the respective driven shafts compared to conventional drives with the same motors.
  • the automatically switching switching element can be designed, for example, as a centrifugal clutch.
  • the switching element is designed, for example, as a frictional coupling.
  • the switching element can be designed to connect at least two shafts to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by actuating it.
  • the first braking element and the switching element are each designed to switch automatically.
  • the driver of the motor vehicle does not require any switching device of the transmission, which makes the motor vehicle extremely easy to operate.
  • the driver only needs to steer, control the power output of both motors using a common actuation element and, if necessary, brake. Further activities are not necessary for controlling the drive, in particular for driving the motor vehicle, over its entire possible speed range, for example.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention is designed as a motorcycle. It comprises a parallel hybrid drive according to the invention and a rear wheel which is driven by the hybrid drive.
  • An example of a motorcycle is a scooter. Due to its compact and cost-effective design, the hybrid drive is also very suitable for other small vehicles, such as snowmobiles, quads or buggies. In contrast to power transmission by means of a belt, the hybrid drive can save up to 25% fuel, for example, and / or, if necessary, provide a higher drive power.
  • the parallel hybrid drive can also be designed to drive a pump.
  • the internal combustion engine can be designed, for example, as a two-stroke engine or a four-stroke engine.
  • the electrical machine can be designed to convert electrical power into mechanical power.
  • the electrical machine can be designed as an AC motor for example.
  • the inventive method for operating a parallel hybrid drive with an epicyclic gear train in a direct drive mode comprises the steps of:
  • A1 driving a first shaft of the planetary gear with an electric machine
  • A2 Driving a second shaft of the planetary gear with an internal combustion engine
  • A3 Transferring movements of the first shaft and the second shaft to a third shaft of the epicyclic gear train, at least two shafts of the epicyclic gear train being firmly connected to one another by means of a closed switching element.
  • this mode is particularly suitable for high driving speeds.
  • the method according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid drive with a planetary gear transmission in a purely electric mode comprises the steps:
  • the internal combustion engine can be designed to be started automatically when the speed limit is exceeded.
  • the internal combustion engine can be switched on automatically when the speed of residential streets is exceeded, in order to be able to provide more power and even higher driving speeds. If the switching element itself is designed to be actively switching, the internal combustion engine can be started automatically when the switching speed is exceeded, for example due to the inertia of the hybrid drive.
  • the method according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid drive with a planetary gear transmission in a CVT mode comprises the steps:
  • C1 driving a first shaft of the planetary gear with an electric machine
  • C2 Driving a second shaft of the planetary gear with an internal combustion engine
  • C3 Transferring movements of the first shaft and the second shaft to a third shaft of the epicyclic gear, all of the shafts of the epicyclic gear being rotatable against each other.
  • the operating speed of the internal combustion engine can depend on the speed of the electric machine at a predetermined speed in this mode. This enables the speed of the internal combustion engine to be controlled by the electric machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a parallel hybrid drive according to the invention for a motor vehicle
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive in a direct drive mode
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive in a purely electric mode
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive in a CVT mode.
  • the parallel hybrid drive 1 shown in FIG. 1 is part of a motor scooter (not shown) and is designed to drive a rear wheel of the motor scooter.
  • the hybrid drive 1 comprises an electric machine 2 and an internal combustion engine 3.
  • the electric machine is an electric motor 2, which can also be operated as a generator.
  • the internal combustion engine is a four-stroke piston engine 3.
  • the hybrid drive 1 further comprises a traction battery 12 which is designed to supply the electric motor 2 with electrical energy and to be charged by the latter.
  • the electric motor 2 and the internal combustion engine 3 are connected to one another by a planetary gear 5.
  • the epicyclic gear 5 comprises a first shaft 6, which is designed as a ring gear shaft, a second shaft 7, which is designed as a sun gear shaft, and a third shaft 8, which is designed as a spider shaft.
  • the first shaft 6 is connected to the electric motor 2 and the second shaft 7 is connected to the internal combustion engine 3.
  • the third shaft 8 of the epicyclic gear 5 is connected to a drive axle 4 of the scooter via a chain 11.
  • the third shaft 8 can also be connected to the drive axle 4 by means of a spur drive or directly.
  • the hybrid drive 1 comprises a switching element 9.
  • the switching element is designed as a centrifugal clutch 9, which is opened at speeds of the scooter below 30 km / h.
  • a speed of the internal combustion engine 3 can be specified by the electric motor 2 by means of the connection of the two motors 2, 3 via the planetary gear 5.
  • the speed of the internal combustion engine 3 is thereby continuously variable in a lower speed range of the scooter.
  • the hybrid drive 1 furthermore comprises a throttle valve control (not shown) which is designed to set a torque of the internal combustion engine 3 at a speed specified by the electric motor 2.
  • the throttle valve control used in the exemplary embodiment enables a purely mechanical load control of the internal combustion engine 3 without electronic components.
  • the centrifugal clutch 9 is closed and connects the first shaft 6 and the third shaft 8 firmly together.
  • the centrifugal clutch 9 is closed, all the shafts 6, 7, 8 of the Umlaufgangetrie 5 rotate at the same speed. This enables a motor support of the United combustion engine 3 by the electric motor 2.
  • the fixed connection between the Shafts enables a direct drive without conversion losses in the planetary gear.
  • the hybrid drive 1 comprises a first braking element 10.
  • the first braking element is a roller freewheel 10, which is arranged between the internal combustion engine 3 and the second shaft 7.
  • the freewheel 10 is designed to prevent the internal combustion engine 3 from rotating backwards.
  • a torque for driving the scooter can be specified by the electric motor 2 and, with the centrifugal clutch 9 disengaged, be transmitted to the drive axle 4 independently of the internal combustion engine 3. This enables purely electrical operation of the scooter.
  • the hybrid drive 1 also includes a second brake element 13, which is designed to brake the drive axle 4.
  • the second braking element is a wheel brake 13.
  • the electric motor 2 converts the mechanical cal energy in a work machine operation into electrical energy.
  • the traction battery 12 can be charged in a stationary manner and independently of external power sources.
  • this arrangement enables the internal combustion engine 3 to be started from a standstill by means of the electric motor 2. To start the internal combustion engine 3 while standing, the torque required for starting is provided by the electric motor 2 and supported on the wheel brake 13.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive 1 in a direct drive mode is shown in FIG.
  • the centrifugal clutch 9 is closed. All shafts of the planetary gear are firmly connected to each other.
  • the first shaft 6 of the planetary gear 5 with the electric motor 2 is driven ben.
  • the second shaft 7 of the planetary gear 5 driven by the internal combustion engine 3.
  • the movements of the first shaft 6 and the second shaft 7 are transferred to the third shaft 8 of the impeller gear 5 in order.
  • the torques of motors 2, 3 are added, which leads to high wheel torques.
  • the parallel hybrid drive 1 can be operated in a purely electric mode using a method according to the invention.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the method is shown in FIG. In this mode, the centrifugal clutch 9 is open.
  • the first shaft 6 of the Umlaufgenge gear 5 is driven by the electric motor 2.
  • a second step B2 reverse rotation of the internal combustion engine 3 is prevented by means of the freewheel 10.
  • a third step of method B3 a movement of the first shaft 6 is transmitted to a third shaft 8 of the planetary gear transmission 5. In the exemplary embodiment, this results in a purely electric drive for the rear wheel of the scooter. Steps B1 to B3 take place simultaneously in the method described.
  • the parallel hybrid drive 1 can be operated in a CVT mode using a method according to the invention.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the method is shown in FIG. In this mode, the centrifugal clutch 9 is open. All the wheels of the epicyclic gearing 5 can be rotated against one another.
  • the first shaft 6 of the planetary gear 5 is driven with the electric motor 2.
  • a second shaft 7 of the epicyclic gear train 5 is driven by an internal combustion engine 3.
  • a third step C3 movements of the first shaft 6 and the second shaft 7 are transmitted to a third shaft 8 of the epicyclic gear train 5. Steps C1 to C3 take place simultaneously in the method described.
  • the speed of the internal combustion engine 3 can be set in the process by regulating the speed of the electric motor 2 the. This enables stepless operation in which the power that is taken from the battery 12 or supplied to it can be adapted to its state of charge.
  • the use of starting elements, such as friction clutches or converters, can be dispensed with. This reduces losses during start-up processes compared to conventional drives with start-up elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a parallel hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, to a motor vehicle, to a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a purely electric mode, to a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a direct drive mode, and to a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a CVT mode. The parallel hybrid drive (1) according to the invention for a motor vehicle comprises a) an electric machine (2) which can be operated as a motor and as a generator, b) an internal combustion engine (3), c) a drive axle (4), d) a planetary transmission (5) comprising - a first shaft (6) which is connected to the electric machine (2), - a second shaft (7) which is connected to the internal combustion engine (3), and - a third shaft (8) which is connected to the drive axle (4), e) a shifting element (9) which is configured to connect at least two shafts of the planetary transmission (5) fixedly to one another, and f) a first braking element (10) which is configured to prevent a rotation of the internal combustion engine (3) in one rotational direction.

Description

PARALLELER HYBRIDANTRIEB FÜR EIN KRAFTFAHRZEUG, KRAFTFAHRZEUG UND VERFAHREN ZUM BETREIBEN EINES PARALLELEN HYBRIDANTRIEBS PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVE
Die Erfindung betrifft einen parallelen Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug, ein Kraftfahr zeug, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs in einem rein elektrischen Modus, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs in einem Direktantriebsmodus und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybrid- antriebs in einem CVT-Modus (Continuous Variable Transmission) mit stufenlosem Regelbereich. The invention relates to a parallel hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, a motor vehicle, a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a purely electric mode, a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a direct drive mode and a method for operating a parallel hybrid drive in a CVT -Mode (Continuous Variable Transmission) with stepless control range.
Aus der DE10049514B4 ist ein Hybridantrieb, umfassend ein Planetengetriebe, eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, eine Elektrokraftmaschine und zwei Kupplungen be kannt. Der erfindungsgemäße parallele Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug umfasst a) eine elektrische Maschine, welche motorisch und generatorisch betreibbar ist, b) eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, c) eine Antriebsachse, d) ein Umlaufrädergetriebe, umfassend - eine erste Welle, welche mit der elektrischen Maschine verbunden ist,From DE10049514B4 a hybrid drive comprising a planetary gear, an internal combustion engine, an electric engine and two clutches be known. The parallel hybrid drive according to the invention for a motor vehicle comprises a) an electrical machine which can be operated as a motor and generator, b) an internal combustion engine, c) a drive axle, d) a planetary gear, comprising - a first shaft which is connected to the electrical machine,
- eine zweite Welle, welche mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine verbunden ist und - A second shaft which is connected to the internal combustion engine and
- eine dritte Welle, welche mit der Antriebsachse verbunden ist, e) ein Schaltelement, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, mindestens zwei Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes fest miteinander zu verbinden, und f) ein erstes Bremselement, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Drehung der Ver brennungskraftmaschine in einer Drehrichtung zu unterbinden. - A third shaft which is connected to the drive axle, e) a switching element which is designed to firmly connect at least two shafts of the epicyclic gearing to one another, and f) a first braking element which is designed to prevent rotation of the internal combustion engine in to prevent one direction of rotation.
Dadurch, dass das erste Bremselement dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Drehung der Ver brennungskraftmaschine in einer Drehrichtung zu unterbinden, kann die An- triebsachse unabhängig von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine mittels der elektrischen Maschine angetrieben werden. Dies ermöglicht einen rein elektrischen Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs. Das erste Bremselement kann beispielsweise dazu ausgebildet sein, eine Drehung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine in eine Rückwärtsrichtung zu blockieren. Das erste Bremselement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, eine Abtriebswelle der Verbrennungskraft maschine an einem Gehäuse des Hybridantriebs festzusetzen. Das erste Bremsele ment kann beispielsweise reibschlüssig oder formschlüssig arbeitend ausgebildet sein. Das erste Bremselement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, durch dessen Betätigung die Abtriebswelle mit dem Gehäuse drehfest zu verbinden. Durch die Betätigung kann das erste Bremselement beispielsweise geschlossen werden. Eine drehfeste Verbin dung kann eine gleiche Drehbewegung der beiden verbundenen Bauteile bedingen. Aufgrund eines gewollten oder ungewollten Schlupfes kann dabei eine Drehzahldiffe renz vorliegen, wobei die Drehbewegungen dennoch als gleich anzusehen sind. Because the first braking element is designed to prevent rotation of the internal combustion engine in one direction of rotation, the drive axis can be driven by means of the electric machine independently of the internal combustion engine. This enables a purely electric drive of the motor vehicle. The first braking element can be designed, for example, to block rotation of the internal combustion engine in a reverse direction. The first brake element can be designed to fix an output shaft of the internal combustion engine on a housing of the hybrid drive. The first Bremsele element can be designed to work, for example, frictionally or positively. The first brake element can be designed to connect the output shaft to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner by actuating it. The first brake element can, for example, be closed by actuation. A non-rotatable connec tion can require the same rotational movement of the two connected components. Because of a wanted or unwanted slip, there may be a speed difference, although the rotary movements are to be regarded as the same.
Das erste Bremselement kann beispielsweise selbsttätig schaltend ausgebildet sein. Das kann bedeuten, dass das erste Bremselement selbsttätig schließen und öffnen kann. Im Gegensatz zu einem aktiv schaltbaren Bremselement kann so auf jeweilige Aktuatoren zum Betätigen des ersten Bremselements verzichtet werden und die Betä tigung erfolgt durch den Betrieb des Hybridantriebs selbsttätig, beispielsweise auf grund jeweiliger Zustände der elektrischen Maschine und der Verbrennungsmotors. So kann der Hybridantrieb kompakt und kostengünstig sein. Zudem ist keine manuelle Betätigung des Bremsenelements notwendig. Dadurch wird die Bedienung des Kraft fahrzeugs vereinfacht. The first braking element can, for example, be designed to switch automatically. This can mean that the first brake element can close and open automatically. In contrast to an actively switchable braking element, the respective actuators for actuating the first braking element can be dispensed with and actuation takes place automatically through the operation of the hybrid drive, for example based on the respective states of the electrical machine and the internal combustion engine. In this way, the hybrid drive can be compact and inexpensive. In addition, no manual actuation of the brake element is necessary. This simplifies the operation of the motor vehicle.
Das erste Bremselement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, in Abhängigkeit von einer ersten Drehrichtung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine selbsttätig die Abtriebswelle der Ver brennungskraftmaschine festzusetzen. Das erste Bremselement kann dazu ausgebil det sein, in Abhängigkeit von einer dazu entgegengesetzten zweiten Drehrichtung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine selbsttätig die Abtriebswelle der Verbrennungskraftma schine freizugeben. Das erste Bremselement kann beispielsweise als Freilauf ausge bildet sein, insbesondere als Rollenfreilauf. Ein Beispiel für ein Rollenfreilauf ist ein Kugellager, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, in der ersten Drehrichtung ein Drehen einer daran gelagerten Welle zu blockieren und in der dazu entgegengesetzten zweiten Drehrichtung zu blockieren. The first brake element can be designed to automatically set the output shaft of the internal combustion engine as a function of a first direction of rotation of the internal combustion engine. The first brake element can be designed to automatically release the output shaft of the internal combustion engine as a function of a second opposite direction of rotation of the internal combustion engine. The first braking element can for example be designed as a freewheel, in particular as a roller freewheel. An example of a roller freewheel is a ball bearing which is designed to block rotation of a shaft mounted thereon in the first direction of rotation and to block it in the second direction of rotation opposite to this.
Das erste Bremselement kann alternativ oder zusätzlich dazu ausgebildet sein, aktiv geschaltet zu werden. Der Hybridantrieb kann dafür ein Bremsbetätigungselement auf weisen. Ein rein aktiv schaltbares Bremselement kann einfacher und kostengünstiger sein als ein rein selbsttätig schaltendes Bremselement, da es frei von drehenden Tei len sein kann oder zumindest weniger drehende Teile aufweisen kann. Durch ein aktiv schaltbares erstes Bremselement kann eine Rekuperation durch die elektrische Ma schine in mehr Zuständen des Hybridantriebs ermöglicht werden. Das aktiv schaltbare erste Bremselement kann beispielsweise auch die zweite Welle festsetzen. Das aktiv schaltbare erste Bremselement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, eine Drehung der Ver brennungskraftmaschine in beide Drehrichtungen zu unterbinden. As an alternative or in addition to this, the first braking element can be designed to be active to be switched. The hybrid drive can have a brake actuation element for this purpose. A purely actively switchable braking element can be simpler and cheaper than a purely automatically switching braking element, since it can be free of rotating parts or at least have fewer rotating parts. An actively switchable first brake element enables recuperation by the electric machine in more states of the hybrid drive. The actively switchable first braking element can, for example, also lock the second shaft. The actively switchable first brake element can be designed to prevent rotation of the internal combustion engine in both directions of rotation.
Die Abtriebswelle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kann mit der zweiten Welle perma nent drehfest verbunden sein. Beispielsweise können die Abtriebswelle der Verbren nungskraftmaschine und die zweite Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes einstückig aus gebildet sein oder miteinander verschweißt oder verschraubt sein. Das erste Brem selement dient also beispielsweise nicht dazu, die Verbindung der Verbrennungskraft maschine mit der zweiten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes zu trennen oder herzustel len. The output shaft of the internal combustion engine can be permanently connected to the second shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. For example, the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the second shaft of the epicyclic gear can be formed in one piece or welded or screwed to one another. The first brake element is therefore not used, for example, to separate the connection between the internal combustion engine and the second shaft of the epicyclic gear train or to produce it.
Das Umlaufrädergetriebe kann beispielsweise als Planetengetriebe ausgebildet sein. Das Planetengetriebe kann nur einen Planetenradsatz aufweisen. Der Planetenrad satz kann beispielsweise als Minus-Planetenradsatz oder Plus-Planetenradsatz aus gebildet sein. Der Planetenradsatz kann eine Sonnenradwelle, eine Stegwelle und eine Hohlradwelle aufweisen. An der Stegwelle kann ein Satz von Planetenrädern drehbar gelagert sein. Jedes Planetenrad kann beispielsweise mit der Sonnenradwelle und der Hohlradwelle kämmen. Der Hybridantrieb kann frei von weiteren als den hier beschriebenen Bremselementen und weiteren Schaltelementen sein. The epicyclic gearing can be designed as a planetary gear, for example. The planetary gear can only have one planetary gear set. The planetary gear set can be formed, for example, as a minus planetary gear set or a plus planetary gear set. The planetary gear set can have a sun gear shaft, a spider shaft and a ring gear shaft. A set of planet gears can be rotatably mounted on the spider shaft. Each planet gear can mesh with the sun gear shaft and the ring gear shaft, for example. The hybrid drive can be free of further braking elements than those described here and further switching elements.
Vorzugsweise ist die erste Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes als Hohlradwelle ausge bildet, die zweite Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes als Sonnenradwelle und die dritte Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes als Stegwelle. Dadurch können sich günstige Über setzungsverhältnisse ergeben, insbesondere da die elektrische Maschine üblicher weise bei höheren Drehzahlen am effizientesten arbeitet und die Verbrennungskraft maschine relativ dazu bei niedrigeren Drehzahlen. Preferably, the first shaft of the planetary gear is formed as a ring gear shaft, the second shaft of the planetary gear as a sun gear shaft and the third shaft of the planetary gear as a spider shaft. This can result in favorable transmission ratios, especially since the electric machine usually works most efficiently at higher speeds and the internal combustion engine relative to this at lower speeds.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der parallele Hybridantrieb eine Drosselklappensteuerung, die dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Drehmoment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bei einer vor gegebenen Drehzahl einzustellen. Eine Definition der Betriebsdrehzahl erfolgt dabei mittels des Elektromotors. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Drosselklappensteuerung di rekt mechanisch ausgeführt. The parallel hybrid drive preferably comprises a throttle valve control which is designed to set a torque of the internal combustion engine at a given speed before. The operating speed is defined by means of the electric motor. The throttle valve control is particularly preferably implemented directly mechanically.
Eine direkte mechanische Drosselklappensteuerung kann beispielsweise durch einen Bowdenzug bereitgestellt werden. Die Drosselklappensteuerung kann ein Betäti gungselement aufweisen. Das Betätigungselement kann zum Verstellen der Drossel klappe der Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit der Drosselklappe direkt mechanisch ver bunden sein. Beispielsweise kann das Betätigungselement als Drehgriff eines Lenkers eines Motorrollers, welcher den Hybridantrieb aufweist, ausgebildet sein. Das Betäti gungselement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, ein durch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine erzeugtes Drehmoment einzustellen, beispielsweise indem eine Luftzufuhr zu der Ver brennungskraftmaschine gesteuert wird. Dafür kann das Betätigungselement bei der direkt mechanisch ausgeführten Drosselklappensteuerung mittels des Bowdenzugs mit der Drosselklappe verbunden sein. Bei der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kann also beispielsweise ein erzeugtes Drehmoment durch einen Fahrer durch Betätigen des Betätigungselements geändert werden. A direct mechanical throttle valve control can for example be provided by a Bowden cable. The throttle valve control can have an actuating element. The actuating element can be mechanically connected directly to the throttle valve for adjusting the throttle valve of the internal combustion engine. For example, the actuating element can be designed as a rotary handle of a handlebar of a motor scooter which has the hybrid drive. The actuating element can be designed to set a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, for example by controlling an air supply to the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, the actuating element can be connected to the throttle valve by means of the Bowden cable in the directly mechanically executed throttle valve control. In the internal combustion engine, for example, a generated torque can be changed by a driver by actuating the actuating element.
Dadurch kann im Gegensatz zu einer elektrisch gesteuerten Drosselklappe eine Sig nalüberwachung vereinfacht werden oder sogar gänzlich auf eine Signalüberwachung verzichtet werden. Es ist zudem keine Redundanz und Plausibilisierung bei der Dros selklappensteuerung erforderlich, um Anforderungen an die funktionale Sicherheit zu erfüllen. As a result, in contrast to an electrically controlled throttle valve, signal monitoring can be simplified or signal monitoring can even be dispensed with entirely. In addition, there is no need for redundancy and plausibility checks for the throttle valve control in order to meet functional safety requirements.
Die elektrische Maschine kann beispielsweise dazu ausgebildet sein, drehzahlgesteu ert zu werden. Die elektrische Maschine kann einen Inverter aufweisen, mittels wel chem eine Drehzahl und/oder eine Drehmomentabgabe der elektrischen Maschine einstellbar ist. The electrical machine can be designed, for example, to be speed-controlled. The electrical machine can have an inverter, by means of which a rotational speed and / or a torque output of the electrical machine can be set.
Die elektrische Maschine kann ebenfalls mittels des Betätigungselements gesteuert werden. Beispielsweise kann das Betätigungselement einen Sensor aufweisen, wel cher dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Stellung des Betätigungselements zu erfassen. Diese Stellung kann an den Inverter übermittelt werden. Der Inverter kann dazu ausgebildet sein, die elektrische Maschine in Abhängigkeit von der erfassten Stellung des Inverters zu steuern. The electrical machine can also be controlled by means of the actuating element. For example, the actuating element can have a sensor which is designed to detect a position of the actuating element. This position can be transmitted to the inverter. The inverter can be designed to control the electrical machine as a function of the detected position of the inverter to control.
Der Hybridantrieb kann besonders simpel und kostengünstig sein, wenn das Betäti gungselement der Drosselklappensteuerung auch dazu ausgebildet ist, die elektrische Maschine zu steuern. Beispielsweise kann mittels des Drehgriffs des Motorrollers eine Drosselklappenstellung proportional zu einer Drehstellung des Drehgriffs eingestellt und ein Steuersignal für die elektrische Maschine erzeugt werden. Dadurch kann auch eine elektrische Steuerung des elektrischen Motors einfach sein. The hybrid drive can be particularly simple and inexpensive if the actuating element of the throttle valve control is also designed to control the electrical machine. For example, by means of the rotary handle of the motor scooter, a throttle valve position can be set proportionally to a rotary position of the rotary handle and a control signal for the electrical machine can be generated. As a result, electrical control of the electric motor can also be simple.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der parallele Hybridantrieb einen Energiespeicher, welcher dazu ausgebildet ist, die elektrische Maschine mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen und von der elektrischen Maschine aufgeladen zu werden, und ein zweites Bremsele ment, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, die Antriebsachse bei einem ortsfesten Ladevor gang des Energiespeichers zu blockieren. Bevorzugt ist das zweite Bremselement eine Radbremse. Das zweite Bremselement kann eine Fahrbremse des Kraftfahr zeugs bilden. Dadurch kann eine Bremselementzahl gering sein und beispielsweise auf zwei oder drei Bremselemente beschränkt sein. Bei drei Bremselementen kann ein drittes Bremselement dazu ausgebildet sein, eine nicht angetriebene Achse des Kraft fahrzeugs zu bremsen, welche zum Beispiel als Vorderachse ausgebildet ist. Während des Fahrens kann das zweite Bremselement und optional das dritte Bremselement eine Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs bremsen. Dafür kann das zweite Brem selement und optional das dritte Bremselement von dem Fahrer des Kraftfahrzeugs betätigt werden. Die Betätigung des zweiten Bremselements und des dritten Brem selements kann aneinander gekoppelt sein, sodass immer nur eine gemeinsame Be tätigung möglich ist. Ein Betrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bei gebremster An triebsachse ermöglicht ein ortsfestes Laden des Energiespeichers. Weiterhin ermög licht ein Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine bei gebremster Antriebsachse einen Start der Verbrennungskraftmaschine aus einem Stillstand. Das zweite Bremselement kann zu diesem Zweck dazu ausgebildet sein, durch eine Betätigung dauerhaft in einen ge schlossenen Zustand verstellt zu werden. Beispielsweise kann das zweite Bremsele ment dazu ausgebildet sein, nach Art einer Handbremse dauerhaft geschlossen zu werden. The parallel hybrid drive preferably comprises an energy store, which is designed to supply the electric machine with electrical energy and to be charged by the electric machine, and a second brake element, which is designed to drive the drive axle during a stationary charging process of the energy store to block. The second braking element is preferably a wheel brake. The second braking element can form a driving brake of the motor vehicle. As a result, a number of braking elements can be small and, for example, limited to two or three braking elements. With three brake elements, a third brake element can be designed to brake a non-driven axle of the motor vehicle, which is designed, for example, as a front axle. While driving, the second braking element and optionally the third braking element can brake a driving speed of the motor vehicle. For this purpose, the second brake element and optionally the third brake element can be actuated by the driver of the motor vehicle. The actuation of the second braking element and the third braking element can be coupled to one another, so that only one common actuation is possible. Operating the internal combustion engine with the drive axle braked enables the energy store to be charged in a stationary manner. Furthermore, light operation of the electrical machine with the drive axle braked enables the internal combustion engine to be started from a standstill. For this purpose, the second brake element can be designed to be permanently moved into a closed state by actuation. For example, the second Bremsele element can be designed to be permanently closed like a handbrake.
Der Hybridantrieb kann also dazu ausgebildet sein, den Energiespeicher durch Antrei- ben der elektrischen Maschine mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu laden. Alterna tiv oder zusätzlich kann der Hybridantrieb auch dazu ausgebildet sein, den Energie speicher durch ein Bremsen des Kraftfahrzeugs mit der elektrischen Maschine zu la den. Der Energiespeicher kann über den Inverter mit der elektrischen Maschine elektrisch verbunden sein. The hybrid drive can therefore be designed to drive the energy storage device ben to charge the electrical machine with the internal combustion engine. Alternatively or additionally, the hybrid drive can also be designed to charge the energy store by braking the motor vehicle with the electric machine. The energy store can be electrically connected to the electrical machine via the inverter.
Der Hybridantrieb kann eine Ladesteuerung aufweisen. Die Ladesteuerung kann als Teil der elektrischen Maschine ausgebildet sein. Die Ladesteuerung kann durch den Inverter gebildet sein oder diesen aufweisen. Die Ladesteuerung kann dazu ausgebil det sein, der elektrischen Maschine in Abhängigkeit von einem Ladezustand des Ener giespeichers zu steuern. Beispielsweise kann die Ladesteuerung automatisch ein La den des Energiespeichers während einer Fahrt mit dem Kraftfahrzeug bewirken oder eine Drehzahl und/oder eine Leistungsabgabe des Elektromotors reduzieren, wenn der Ladezustand unter einen Schwellwert fällt. Die Ladesteuerung kann dazu ausge bildet sein, die Steuerung der elektrischen Maschine in Abhängigkeit von der Stellung des Betätigungselements gemäß dem Ladezustand des Energiespeichers zu modifi zieren. Beispielsweise kann die Ladesteuerung eine Kennlinie der elektrischen Ma schine, welche deren Drehzahl relativ zu der Stellung des Betätigungselements vor gibt, modifizieren, insbesondere durch eine Verschiebung. Dadurch ist die Hybridan triebssteuerung sehr einfach, robust und von geringer Komplexität. Bei einem geringen Ladezustand kann ein Gesamtdrehmoment des Hybridantriebs im Vergleich zu einem hohen Ladezustand reduziert sein. Dies kann der Fahrer jedoch intuitiv und einfach durch eine angepasste Betätigung kompensieren. Beispielsweise kann der Fahrer den Drehgriff des Motorrollers weiter hin zu einer höheren Antriebsleistung verdrehen, um auch bei geringem Ladezustand eine gewünschte Leistungsabgabe zu erzielen. Im Vergleich zu einem hohen Ladezustand wird dann ein größerer Anteil der Leistung durch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine bereitgestellt. Dafür muss beispielsweise keine komplexe Regelung vorgesehen werden, sondern die direkte mechanische Drossel klappensteuerung ermöglicht dem Fahrer entsprechend durch seine Steuerung zu kompensieren. So kann zudem beispielsweise sichergestellt werden, dass eine aus reichende Restladung verbleibt, um den Verbrennungsmotor auch nach Fahrtende nochmals mit der elektrischen Maschine starten können. Zudem kann so der Energie speicher auch zur Stromversorgung anderer Systeme des Kraftfahrzeugs genutzt wer den, ohne dass deren Ausfall aufgrund eines völligen Entleerens des Energiespeichers durch die elektrische Maschine droht. The hybrid drive can have a charging controller. The charging controller can be designed as part of the electrical machine. The charging controller can be formed by the inverter or have this. The charging controller can be designed to control the electrical machine as a function of a charging state of the energy storage device. For example, the charge controller can automatically charge the energy store while driving the motor vehicle or reduce a speed and / or a power output of the electric motor when the state of charge falls below a threshold value. The charging control can be designed to modify the control of the electric machine as a function of the position of the actuating element according to the state of charge of the energy store. For example, the charging controller can modify a characteristic curve of the electrical machine which specifies its speed relative to the position of the actuating element, in particular by shifting it. As a result, the hybrid drive control is very simple, robust and of low complexity. In the case of a low state of charge, a total torque of the hybrid drive can be reduced in comparison with a high state of charge. The driver can, however, compensate for this intuitively and simply by means of an adapted actuation. For example, the driver can turn the rotary handle of the scooter further to a higher drive power in order to achieve a desired power output even when the charge level is low. In comparison to a high state of charge, a larger proportion of the power is then provided by the internal combustion engine. For example, no complex regulation has to be provided for this, but the direct mechanical throttle valve control enables the driver to compensate accordingly through his control. In this way, it can also be ensured, for example, that there is sufficient residual charge to be able to restart the internal combustion engine with the electric machine even after the end of the journey. In addition, the energy store can also be used to supply power to other systems of the motor vehicle without their failure due to the energy store being completely emptied threatened by the electric machine.
Der Hybridantrieb kann eine Ladevorrichtung aufweisen, welche dazu ausgebildet ist, den Energiespeicher mit einer fahrzeugexternen Energiequelle zu laden. Beispiels weise kann die Ladevorrichtung ein Laden des Energiespeichers durch Anschluss an ein nationales Stromnetz ermöglichen. The hybrid drive can have a charging device which is designed to charge the energy store with an energy source external to the vehicle. For example, the charging device can enable the energy store to be charged by connecting it to a national power grid.
Durch das Verbinden der mindestens zwei Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes mittels des Schaltelements kann das Umlaufrädergetriebe verblockt werden. Bei einem verb lockten Umlaufrädergetriebe drehen die Sonnenradwelle, die Stegwelle und die Hohl radwelle mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit. Entsprechend wälzen die Planetenräder nicht mehr mit deren Verzahnungen an der Sonnenradwelle und der Hohlradwelle, wodurch das Umlaufrädergetriebe im blockierten Zustand eine sehr hohe Effizienz auf weist. Vorzugsweise ist das Schaltelement dazu ausgebildet, die dritte Welle des Um laufrädergetriebes mit der ersten Welle oder der zweiten Welle des Umlaufrädergetrie bes zu verbinden. By connecting the at least two shafts of the planetary gear by means of the switching element, the planetary gear can be blocked. In a verb locked epicyclic gear, the sun gear shaft, the spider shaft and the ring gear shaft rotate at the same speed. Accordingly, the planet gears no longer roll with their teeth on the sun gear shaft and the ring gear shaft, which means that the epicyclic gear train is very efficient in the locked state. Preferably, the switching element is designed to connect the third shaft of the order impeller transmission with the first shaft or the second shaft of the Umlaufrädergetrie bes.
Das Schaltelement kann beispielsweise selbsttätig schaltend ausgebildet sein. Im Ge gensatz zu einem aktiv schaltbaren Schaltelement kann so auf jeweilige Aktuatoren zum Betätigen des Schaltelements verzichtet werden. So kann der Hybridantrieb kom pakt und kostengünstig sein. Zudem ist keine manuelle Betätigung des Schaltelements notwendig. Dadurch wird die Bedienung des Kraftfahrzeugs vereinfacht. The switching element can, for example, be designed to switch automatically. In contrast to an actively switchable switching element, the respective actuators for actuating the switching element can thus be dispensed with. The hybrid drive can be compact and inexpensive. In addition, no manual actuation of the switching element is necessary. This simplifies the operation of the motor vehicle.
Das Schaltelement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, in Abhängigkeit von einer Drehzahl der dritten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes zu schalten. Dafür kann das Schaltelement beispielsweise an einer Seite mit der dritten Welle verbunden sein. Beim Schalten kann eine Verbindung zwischen den zwei Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes hergestellt bzw. getrennt werden. Die Drehzahl der dritten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes kann der Drehzahl der Antriebsachse entsprechen und damit zu einer Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs korrespondieren. Das Schaltelement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, bei Überschreiten einer Grenzdrehzahl durch die Drehzahl der dritten Welle des Umlauf rädergetriebes die wenigstens zwei Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes miteinander zu verbinden. Damit kann der Hybridantrieb automatisch ab einer gewissen Fahrge schwindigkeit in den verblockten Zustand verstellt werden und somit bei hohen Ge schwindigkeiten besonders effizient arbeiten. Zudem kann so eine besonders hohe Leistung durch eine Addition von Antriebskräften im Umlaufrädergetriebe bewirkt wer den, was eine besonders hohe Fahrgeschwindigkeit ermöglichen kann. Durch die da bei effiziente Kraftübertragung im Umlaufrädergetriebe kann der Hybridantrieb im Ver gleich zu herkömmlichen Antrieben mit gleichen Motoren potenziell mehr Leistung an jeweiligen angetriebenen Wellen bereitstellen. The switching element can be designed to switch depending on a speed of the third shaft of the epicyclic gear. For this purpose, the switching element can be connected to the third shaft on one side, for example. When switching, a connection between the two shafts of the planetary gear can be established or disconnected. The speed of the third shaft of the epicyclic gearing can correspond to the speed of the drive axle and thus correspond to a driving speed of the vehicle. The switching element can be designed to connect the at least two shafts of the epicyclic gear to one another when a limit speed is exceeded by the speed of the third shaft of the epicyclic gear. This means that the hybrid drive can automatically be switched to the locked state from a certain driving speed and thus work particularly efficiently at high speeds. In addition, a particularly high Power through an addition of driving forces in the epicyclic gear causes who the, which can enable a particularly high driving speed. Due to the efficient power transmission in the epicyclic gearing, the hybrid drive can potentially provide more power to the respective driven shafts compared to conventional drives with the same motors.
Das selbsttätig schaltende Schaltelement kann beispielsweise als Fliehkraftkupplung ausgebildet sein. Das Schaltelement ist beispielsweise als reibschlüssige Kupplung ausgebildet. Das Schaltelement kann dazu ausgebildet sein, durch dessen Betätigung wenigstens zwei Wellen drehfest miteinander zu verbinden. The automatically switching switching element can be designed, for example, as a centrifugal clutch. The switching element is designed, for example, as a frictional coupling. The switching element can be designed to connect at least two shafts to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by actuating it.
Vorzugsweise sind das erste Bremselement und das Schaltelement jeweils selbsttätig schaltend ausgebildet. Dadurch ist durch den Fahrer des Kraftfahrzeugs keine Schal tung des Getriebes notwendig, wodurch das Kraftfahrzeug extrem einfach zu bedienen ist. Beispielsweise muss der Fahrer nur noch Lenken, die Leistungsabgabe von beiden Motoren durch ein gemeinsames Betätigungselement steuern und gegebenenfalls Bremsen. Weitere Tätigkeiten sind zum Steuern des Antriebs, insbesondere zum Fah ren mit dem Kraftfahrzeug, über dessen gesamten möglichen Geschwindigkeitsbe reich beispielsweise nicht notwendig. Preferably, the first braking element and the switching element are each designed to switch automatically. As a result, the driver of the motor vehicle does not require any switching device of the transmission, which makes the motor vehicle extremely easy to operate. For example, the driver only needs to steer, control the power output of both motors using a common actuation element and, if necessary, brake. Further activities are not necessary for controlling the drive, in particular for driving the motor vehicle, over its entire possible speed range, for example.
Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug ist als Kraftrad ausgebildet. Es umfasst einen erfindungsgemäßen parallelen Hybridantrieb und ein Hinterrad, welches durch den Hybridantrieb angetrieben wird. Ein Beispiel für ein Kraftrad ist ein Motorroller. Der Hybridantrieb eignet sich aufgrund seiner kompakten und kostengünstigen Bauweise auch sehr gut für andere Kleinfahrzeuge, wie beispielsweise Schneemobile, Quads oder Buggys. Im Gegensatz zu einer Kraftübertragung mittels eines Riemens kann durch den Hybridantirieb beispielsweise bis zu 25% Kraftstoff eingespart werden und/oder gegebenenfalls eine höhere Antriebsleistung bereitgestellt werden. Der pa rallele Hybridantrieb kann auch als Antrieb einer Pumpe ausgebildet sein. The motor vehicle according to the invention is designed as a motorcycle. It comprises a parallel hybrid drive according to the invention and a rear wheel which is driven by the hybrid drive. An example of a motorcycle is a scooter. Due to its compact and cost-effective design, the hybrid drive is also very suitable for other small vehicles, such as snowmobiles, quads or buggies. In contrast to power transmission by means of a belt, the hybrid drive can save up to 25% fuel, for example, and / or, if necessary, provide a higher drive power. The parallel hybrid drive can also be designed to drive a pump.
Der Verbrennungsmotor kann beispielsweise als Zweitaktmotor oder Viertaktmotor ausgebildet sein. Die elektrische Maschine kann dazu ausgebildet sein, elektrische Leistung in mechanische Leistung umzuwandeln. Die elektrische Maschine kann bei spielsweise als Wechselstrommotor ausgebildet sein. The internal combustion engine can be designed, for example, as a two-stroke engine or a four-stroke engine. The electrical machine can be designed to convert electrical power into mechanical power. The electrical machine can be designed as an AC motor for example.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs mit einem Umlaufrädergetriebe in einem Direktantriebsmodus umfasst die Schritte: The inventive method for operating a parallel hybrid drive with an epicyclic gear train in a direct drive mode comprises the steps of:
A1 : Antreiben einer ersten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes mit einer elektrischen Ma schine; A1: driving a first shaft of the planetary gear with an electric machine;
A2: Antreiben einer zweiten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes mit einer Verbrennungs kraftmaschine; A2: Driving a second shaft of the planetary gear with an internal combustion engine;
A3: Übertragen von Bewegungen der ersten Welle und der zweiten Welle auf eine dritte Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes, wobei mindestens zwei Wellen des Um laufrädergetriebes mittels eines geschlossenen Schaltelements fest miteinander verbunden sind. A3: Transferring movements of the first shaft and the second shaft to a third shaft of the epicyclic gear train, at least two shafts of the epicyclic gear train being firmly connected to one another by means of a closed switching element.
Dadurch, dass mindestens zwei Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes fest miteinander verbunden sind, können Wandlungsverluste im Umlaufrädergetriebe vermieden wer den. Die Drehmomente der elektrischen Maschine und der Verbrennungskraftma schine werden in diesem Modus addiert. Dieser Modus ist, wie zuvor beschrieben, besonders geeignet für hohe Fahrgeschwindigkeiten. Because at least two shafts of the planetary gear are firmly connected to one another, conversion losses in the planetary gear can be avoided. The torques of the electric machine and the internal combustion engine are added in this mode. As described above, this mode is particularly suitable for high driving speeds.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs mit einem Umlaufrädergetriebe in einem rein elektrischen Modus umfasst die Schritte:The method according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid drive with a planetary gear transmission in a purely electric mode comprises the steps:
B1 : Antreiben einer ersten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes mit einer elektrischen Ma schine; B1: driving a first shaft of the epicyclic gear with an electrical machine;
B2: Unterbinden einer Rückwärtsdrehung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, welche mit einer zweiten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes verbunden ist, mittels eines ers ten Bremselements; B2: preventing a reverse rotation of an internal combustion engine, which is connected to a second shaft of the epicyclic gear, by means of a first braking element;
B3: Übertragen einer Bewegung der ersten Welle auf eine dritte Welle des Umlaufrä dergetriebes. B3: Transferring a movement of the first shaft to a third shaft of the Umlaufrä dergetriebes.
Dadurch ist beispielsweise ein morgendliches Losfahren möglich, ohne Anwohner zu wecken. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine kann dazu ausgebildet sein, ab Überschrei ten der Grenzgeschwindigkeit selbsttätig gestartet zu werden. So kann die Verbren nungskraftmaschine beispielsweise automatisch zugeschaltet werden, wenn eine Ge schwindigkeit von Wohnstraßen überschritten wird, um dann mehr Leistung und noch höhere Fahrgeschwindigkeiten bereitstellen zu können. Ist das Schaltelement selbst tätig schaltend ausgebildet, kann die Verbrennungskraftmaschine bei Überschreiten der Schaltdrehzahl beispielsweise durch die Trägheit des Hybridantriebs automatisch gestartet werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs mit einem Umlaufrädergetriebe in einem CVT Modus umfasst die Schritte: This makes it possible, for example, to drive off in the morning without waking up residents. The internal combustion engine can be designed to be started automatically when the speed limit is exceeded. For example, the internal combustion engine can be switched on automatically when the speed of residential streets is exceeded, in order to be able to provide more power and even higher driving speeds. If the switching element itself is designed to be actively switching, the internal combustion engine can be started automatically when the switching speed is exceeded, for example due to the inertia of the hybrid drive. The method according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid drive with a planetary gear transmission in a CVT mode comprises the steps:
C1 : Antreiben einer ersten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes mit einer elektrischen Ma schine; C2: Antreiben einer zweiten Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes mit einer Verbrennungs kraftmaschine; C1: driving a first shaft of the planetary gear with an electric machine; C2: Driving a second shaft of the planetary gear with an internal combustion engine;
C3: Übertragen von Bewegungen der ersten Welle und der zweiten Welle auf eine dritte Welle des Umlaufrädergetriebes, wobei alle Wellen des Umlaufrädergetrie bes gegeneinander drehbar sind. Die Betriebsdrehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kann bei einer vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeit in diesem Modus von der Drehzahl der elektrischen Maschine abhän- gen. So wird eine Drehzahlsteuerung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine durch die elekt rische Maschine ermöglicht. C3: Transferring movements of the first shaft and the second shaft to a third shaft of the epicyclic gear, all of the shafts of the epicyclic gear being rotatable against each other. The operating speed of the internal combustion engine can depend on the speed of the electric machine at a predetermined speed in this mode. This enables the speed of the internal combustion engine to be controlled by the electric machine.
Die abhängigen Ansprüche beschreiben weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung. The dependent claims describe further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele werden anhand der folgenden Figuren näher erläu tert. Dabei zeigt Preferred embodiments are tert erläu with reference to the following figures. It shows
Figur 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen parallelen Hybridan triebs für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Figur 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betrei ben des parallelen Hybridantriebs in einem Direktantriebsmodus,1 shows an embodiment of a parallel hybrid drive according to the invention for a motor vehicle, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive in a direct drive mode,
Figur 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betrei ben des parallelen Hybridantriebs in einem rein elektrischen Modus und FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive in a purely electric mode and
Figur 4 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betrei ben des parallelen Hybridantriebs in einem CVT-Modus. FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive in a CVT mode.
Der in Figur 1 gezeigte parallele Hybridantrieb 1 ist Bestandteil eines Motorrollers (nicht gezeigt) und dazu ausgebildet, ein Hinterrad des Motorrollers anzutreiben. Zu diesem Zweck umfasst der Hybridantrieb 1 eine elektrische Maschine 2 und eine Ver brennungskraftmaschine 3. Die elektrische Maschine ist ein Elektromotor 2, welcher auch als Generator betreibbar ist. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine ist ein Viertakthub kolbenmotor 3. The parallel hybrid drive 1 shown in FIG. 1 is part of a motor scooter (not shown) and is designed to drive a rear wheel of the motor scooter. For this purpose, the hybrid drive 1 comprises an electric machine 2 and an internal combustion engine 3. The electric machine is an electric motor 2, which can also be operated as a generator. The internal combustion engine is a four-stroke piston engine 3.
Weiterhin umfasst der Hybridantrieb 1 eine Traktionsbatterie 12, die dazu ausgebildet ist, den Elektromotor 2 mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen und von diesem aufgela den zu werden. The hybrid drive 1 further comprises a traction battery 12 which is designed to supply the electric motor 2 with electrical energy and to be charged by the latter.
Der Elektromotor 2 und der Verbrennungsmotor 3 sind durch ein Umlaufrädergetriebe 5 miteinander verbunden. Das Umlaufrädergetriebe 5 umfasst eine erste Welle 6, wel che als Hohlradwelle ausgebildet ist, eine zweite Welle 7, welche als Sonnenradwelle ausgebildet ist, und eine dritte Welle 8, welche als Stegwelle ausgebildet ist. Im Aus führungsbeispiel ist die erste Welle 6 mit dem Elektromotor 2 und die zweite Welle 7 mit dem Verbrennungsmotor 3 verbunden. Die dritte Welle 8 des Umlaufrädergetriebes 5 ist mit einer Antriebsachse 4 des Motorrollers über eine Kette 11 verbunden. Die dritte Welle 8 kann in anderen Ausführungsformen auch mittels eines Stirntriebs oder direkt mit der Antriebsachse 4 verbunden sein. The electric motor 2 and the internal combustion engine 3 are connected to one another by a planetary gear 5. The epicyclic gear 5 comprises a first shaft 6, which is designed as a ring gear shaft, a second shaft 7, which is designed as a sun gear shaft, and a third shaft 8, which is designed as a spider shaft. In the exemplary embodiment, the first shaft 6 is connected to the electric motor 2 and the second shaft 7 is connected to the internal combustion engine 3. The third shaft 8 of the epicyclic gear 5 is connected to a drive axle 4 of the scooter via a chain 11. In other embodiments, the third shaft 8 can also be connected to the drive axle 4 by means of a spur drive or directly.
Weiterhin umfasst der Hybridantrieb 1 ein Schaltelement 9. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Schaltelement als Fliehkraftkupplung 9 ausgebildet, welche bei Geschwindigkei ten des Motorrollers unter 30 km/h geöffnet ist. Bei geöffneter Fliehkraftkupplung 9 kann mittels der Verbindung beider Motoren 2, 3 über das Umlaufrädergetriebe 5 eine Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 3 durch den Elektromotor 2 vorgegeben werden. Die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 3 ist dadurch in einem unteren Geschwindig keitsbereich des Motorrollers kontinuierlich variierbar. Furthermore, the hybrid drive 1 comprises a switching element 9. In the exemplary embodiment, the switching element is designed as a centrifugal clutch 9, which is opened at speeds of the scooter below 30 km / h. When the centrifugal clutch 9 is open, a speed of the internal combustion engine 3 can be specified by the electric motor 2 by means of the connection of the two motors 2, 3 via the planetary gear 5. The speed of the internal combustion engine 3 is thereby continuously variable in a lower speed range of the scooter.
Weiterhin umfasst der Hybridantrieb 1 eine Drosselklappensteuerung (nicht gezeigt), die dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors 3 bei einer vom Elektromotor 2 vorgegebenen Drehzahl einzustellen. Die im Ausführungsbeispiel ein gesetzte Drosselklappensteuerung ermöglicht eine rein mechanische Laststeuerung des Verbrennungsmotors 3 ohne elektronische Komponenten. The hybrid drive 1 furthermore comprises a throttle valve control (not shown) which is designed to set a torque of the internal combustion engine 3 at a speed specified by the electric motor 2. The throttle valve control used in the exemplary embodiment enables a purely mechanical load control of the internal combustion engine 3 without electronic components.
Bei Geschwindigkeiten des Motorrollers über 30 km/h ist die Fliehkraftkupplung 9 ge schlossen und verbindet die erste Welle 6 und die dritte Welle 8 fest miteinander. Bei geschlossener Fliehkraftkupplung 9 drehen alle Wellen 6, 7, 8 des Umlaufrädergetrie bes 5 mit gleicher Drehzahl. Dies ermöglicht eine motorische Unterstützung des Ver brennungsmotors 3 durch den Elektromotor 2. Die feste Verbindung zwischen den Wellen ermöglicht einen Direktantrieb ohne Wandlungsverluste im Umlaufräderge- triebe. At speeds of the scooter over 30 km / h, the centrifugal clutch 9 is closed and connects the first shaft 6 and the third shaft 8 firmly together. When the centrifugal clutch 9 is closed, all the shafts 6, 7, 8 of the Umlaufrädergetrie 5 rotate at the same speed. This enables a motor support of the United combustion engine 3 by the electric motor 2. The fixed connection between the Shafts enables a direct drive without conversion losses in the planetary gear.
Des Weiteren umfasst der Hybridantrieb 1 ein erstes Bremselement 10. Im Ausfüh rungsbeispiel ist das erste Bremselement ein Rollenfreilauf 10, welcher zwischen dem Verbrennungsmotor 3 und der zweiten Welle 7 angeordnet ist. Der Freilauf 10 ist dazu ausgebildet, ein Rückwärtsdrehen des Verbrennungsmotors 3 zu unterbinden. Dadurch kann ein Drehmoment zum Antreiben des Motorrollers durch den Elektromo tor 2 vorgegeben und bei geöffneter Fliehkraftkupplung 9 unabhängig vom Verbren nungsmotor 3 auf die Antriebsachse 4 übertragen werden. Dies ermöglicht einen rein elektrischen Betrieb des Motorrollers. Furthermore, the hybrid drive 1 comprises a first braking element 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the first braking element is a roller freewheel 10, which is arranged between the internal combustion engine 3 and the second shaft 7. The freewheel 10 is designed to prevent the internal combustion engine 3 from rotating backwards. As a result, a torque for driving the scooter can be specified by the electric motor 2 and, with the centrifugal clutch 9 disengaged, be transmitted to the drive axle 4 independently of the internal combustion engine 3. This enables purely electrical operation of the scooter.
Weiterhin umfasst der Hybridantrieb 1 ein zweites Bremselement 13, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, die Antriebsachse 4 abzubremsen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das zweite Bremselement eine Radbremse 13. Durch einen Betrieb des Verbrennungsmo tors 3 und gleichzeitiges Blockieren der Antriebsachse 4 mittels der Radbremse 13 wird eine mechanische Energie vom Verbrennungsmotor 3 über das Umlaufräderge triebe 5 an den Elektromotor 2 übertragen. Der Elektromotor 2 wandelt die mechani sche Energie in einem Arbeitsmaschinenbetrieb in eine elektrische Energie um. Dadurch kann die Traktionsbatterie 12 stationär und unabhängig von externen Strom quellen aufgeladen werden. Weiterhin ermöglicht diese Anordnung ein Starten des Verbrennungsmotors 3 aus einem Stillstand mittels des Elektromotors 2. Zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors 3 im Stand wird das zum Starten notwendige Drehmoment durch den Elektromotor 2 bereitgestellt und an der Radbremse 13 abgestützt. The hybrid drive 1 also includes a second brake element 13, which is designed to brake the drive axle 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the second braking element is a wheel brake 13. By operating the combustion engine 3 and simultaneously blocking the drive axle 4 by means of the wheel brake 13, mechanical energy is transmitted from the combustion engine 3 via the Umlaufräderge gear 5 to the electric motor 2. The electric motor 2 converts the mechanical cal energy in a work machine operation into electrical energy. As a result, the traction battery 12 can be charged in a stationary manner and independently of external power sources. Furthermore, this arrangement enables the internal combustion engine 3 to be started from a standstill by means of the electric motor 2. To start the internal combustion engine 3 while standing, the torque required for starting is provided by the electric motor 2 and supported on the wheel brake 13.
Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Betriebsmodi des parallelen Hybridantriebs erläu tert. Various operating modes of the parallel hybrid drive are explained below.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betreiben des pa rallelen Hybridantriebs 1 in einem Direktantriebsmodus ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. In diesem Modus ist die Fliehkraftkupplung 9 geschlossen. Alle Wellen des Umlaufräder getriebes sind fest miteinander verbunden. In einem ersten Schritt des Verfahrens A1 wird die erste Welle 6 des Umlaufrädergetriebes 5 mit dem Elektromotor 2 angetrie ben. In einem zweiten Schritt A2 wird die zweite Welle 7 des Umlaufrädergetriebes 5 mit dem Verbrennungsmotor 3 angetrieben. In einem dritten Schritt A3 werden die Be wegungen der ersten Welle 6 und der zweiten Welle 7 auf die dritte Welle 8 des Um laufrädergetriebes 5 übertragen. Dabei werden die Drehmomente der Motoren 2, 3 addiert, was zu hohen Radrehmomenten führt. Da alle Räder des Umlaufrädergetrie bes 5 durch die geschlossene Fliehkraftkupplung 9 fest miteinander verbunden sind, treten im Umlaufrädergetriebe 5 keine nennenswerten Wandlungsverluste auf. Im Ver gleich zu üblichen Antrieben mit reibungsverlustbehafteten Getrieben weist der paral lele Hybridantrieb 1 im Direktantriebsmodus eine höhere Gesamteffizienz auf. Dadurch kann bei einem Fahrzeugbetrieb Kraftstoff eingespart werden. Die Schritte A1 bis A3 erfolgen im beschriebenen Verfahren gleichzeitig. An exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for operating the parallel hybrid drive 1 in a direct drive mode is shown in FIG. In this mode, the centrifugal clutch 9 is closed. All shafts of the planetary gear are firmly connected to each other. In a first step of the method A1, the first shaft 6 of the planetary gear 5 with the electric motor 2 is driven ben. In a second step A2, the second shaft 7 of the planetary gear 5 driven by the internal combustion engine 3. In a third step A3, the movements of the first shaft 6 and the second shaft 7 are transferred to the third shaft 8 of the impeller gear 5 in order. The torques of motors 2, 3 are added, which leads to high wheel torques. Since all the wheels of the Umlaufrädergetrie bes 5 are firmly connected to one another by the closed centrifugal clutch 9, no significant conversion losses occur in the planetary gearbox 5. Compared to conventional drives with gears subject to friction loss, the parallel hybrid drive 1 has a higher overall efficiency in the direct drive mode. In this way, fuel can be saved when the vehicle is in operation. Steps A1 to A3 take place simultaneously in the method described.
Weiterhin kann der parallele Hybridantrieb 1 mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in einem rein elektrischen Modus betrieben werden. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Ver fahrens ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. In diesem Modus ist die Fliehkraftkupplung 9 geöffnet. In einem ersten Schritt des Verfahrens B1 wird die erste Welle 6 des Umlaufräderge triebes 5 mit dem Elektromotor 2 angetrieben. In einem zweiten Schritt B2 wird mittels des Freilaufs 10 eine Rückwärtsdrehung des Verbrennungsmotors 3 verhindert. In ei nem dritten Schritt des Verfahrens B3 wird eine Bewegung der ersten Welle 6 auf eine dritte Welle 8 des Umlaufrädergetriebes 5 übertragen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel resul tiert dies in einem rein elektrischen Antrieb des Hinterrades des Motorrollers. Die Schritte B1 bis B3 erfolgen im beschriebenen Verfahren gleichzeitig. Furthermore, the parallel hybrid drive 1 can be operated in a purely electric mode using a method according to the invention. An exemplary embodiment of the method is shown in FIG. In this mode, the centrifugal clutch 9 is open. In a first step of the method B1, the first shaft 6 of the Umlaufräderge gear 5 is driven by the electric motor 2. In a second step B2, reverse rotation of the internal combustion engine 3 is prevented by means of the freewheel 10. In a third step of method B3, a movement of the first shaft 6 is transmitted to a third shaft 8 of the planetary gear transmission 5. In the exemplary embodiment, this results in a purely electric drive for the rear wheel of the scooter. Steps B1 to B3 take place simultaneously in the method described.
Weiterhin kann der parallele Hybridantrieb 1 mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in einem CVT-Modus betrieben werden. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist in Figur 4 dargestellt. In diesem Modus ist die Fliehkraftkupplung 9 geöffnet. Alle Räder des Umlaufrädergetriebes 5 sind gegeneinander drehbar. In einem ersten Schritt des Verfahrens C1 wird die erste Welle 6 des Umlaufrädergetriebes 5 mit dem Elektromo tor 2 angetrieben. In einem zweiten Schritt C2 wird eine zweiten Welle 7 des Umlauf rädergetriebes 5 mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine 3 angetrieben. In einem dritten Schritt C3 werden Bewegungen der ersten Welle 6 und der zweiten Welle 7 auf eine dritte Welle 8 des Umlaufrädergetriebes 5 übertragen. Die Schritte C1 bis C3 erfolgen im beschriebenen Verfahren gleichzeitig. Die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 3 kann im Verfahren durch eine Drehzahlregelung des Elektromotors 2 eingestellt wer- den. Dies ermöglicht einen stufenlosen Betrieb, bei dem die Leistung, welche der Bat terie 12 entnommen oder ihr zugeführt wird, ihrem Ladezustand angepasst werden kann. Auf den Einsatz von Anfahrelementen, wie z.B. Reibkupplungen oder Wandlern, kann dabei verzichtet werden. Dadurch werden Verluste bei Anfahrvorgängen im Ver- gleich zu konventionellen Antrieben mit Anfahrelementen reduziert. Furthermore, the parallel hybrid drive 1 can be operated in a CVT mode using a method according to the invention. An exemplary embodiment of the method is shown in FIG. In this mode, the centrifugal clutch 9 is open. All the wheels of the epicyclic gearing 5 can be rotated against one another. In a first step of the method C1, the first shaft 6 of the planetary gear 5 is driven with the electric motor 2. In a second step C2, a second shaft 7 of the epicyclic gear train 5 is driven by an internal combustion engine 3. In a third step C3, movements of the first shaft 6 and the second shaft 7 are transmitted to a third shaft 8 of the epicyclic gear train 5. Steps C1 to C3 take place simultaneously in the method described. The speed of the internal combustion engine 3 can be set in the process by regulating the speed of the electric motor 2 the. This enables stepless operation in which the power that is taken from the battery 12 or supplied to it can be adapted to its state of charge. The use of starting elements, such as friction clutches or converters, can be dispensed with. This reduces losses during start-up processes compared to conventional drives with start-up elements.

Claims

Patentansprüche: Patent claims:
1. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1 ) für ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend a) eine elektrische Maschine (2), welche motorisch und generatorisch betreibbar ist, b) eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine (3), c) eine Antriebsachse (4), d) ein Umlaufrädergetriebe (5), umfassend 1. Parallel hybrid drive (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising a) an electrical machine (2) which can be operated as a motor and generator, b) an internal combustion engine (3), c) a drive axle (4), d) a planetary gear (5) ), full
- eine erste Welle (6), welche mit der elektrischen Maschine (2) verbunden ist, - a first shaft (6) which is connected to the electrical machine (2),
- eine zweite Welle (7), welche mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (3) ver bunden ist, und - A second shaft (7) which is connected to the internal combustion engine (3), and
- eine dritte Welle (8), welche mit der Antriebsachse (4) verbunden ist, e) ein Schaltelement (9), welches dazu ausgebildet ist, mindestens zwei Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) fest miteinander zu verbinden, und f) ein erstes Bremselement (10), welches dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Drehung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (3) in einer Drehrichtung zu unterbinden. - A third shaft (8) which is connected to the drive axle (4), e) a switching element (9) which is designed to firmly connect at least two shafts of the epicyclic gear (5) to one another, and f) a first braking element (10), which is designed to prevent rotation of the internal combustion engine (3) in one direction of rotation.
2. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Schaltelement (9) selbsttätig schaltend ausgebildet ist. 2. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first switching element (9) is designed to switch automatically.
3. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1 ) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das erste Schaltele ment (9) dazu ausgebildet ist, in Abhängigkeit von einer Drehzahl der dritten Welle (8) des Umlaufrädergetriebes zu schalten. 3. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first Schaltele element (9) is designed to switch depending on a speed of the third shaft (8) of the epicyclic gear.
4. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1 ) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das erste Schaltelement (9) als Fliehkraftkupplung (9) ausgebildet ist. 4. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first switching element (9) is designed as a centrifugal clutch (9).
5. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1 ) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das erste Bremselement (10) dazu ausgebildet ist, selbsttätig zu schalten, insbe sondere wobei das erste Bremselement (10) als Freilauf ausgebildet ist. 5. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first braking element (10) is designed to switch automatically, in particular special wherein the first braking element (10) is designed as a freewheel.
6. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1 ) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die erste Welle (6) eine Hohlradwelle ist, die zweite Welle (7) eine Sonnenradwelle ist, und die dritte Welle (8) eine Stegwelle ist. 6. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first shaft (6) is a ring gear shaft, the second shaft (7) is a sun gear shaft, and the third shaft (8) is a spider shaft.
7. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die elektrische Maschine (2) dazu ausgebildet ist, bei geöffnetem Schaltelement (9) eine Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (3) vorzugeben. 7. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical machine (2) is designed to specify a speed of the internal combustion engine (3) when the switching element (9) is open.
8. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, um fassend eine Drosselklappensteuerung, die dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Drehmoment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (3) bei einer von der elektrischen Maschine (2) vorgegebenen Drehzahl einzustellen. 8. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to one of the preceding claims, to summarize a throttle valve control which is designed to set a torque of the internal combustion engine (3) at a speed predetermined by the electric machine (2).
9. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1) gemäß Anspruch 8, wobei die Drosselklappensteue rung direkt mechanisch ausgebildet ist. 9. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to claim 8, wherein the Drosselklappensteue tion is formed directly mechanically.
10. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, um fassend einen Energiespeicher (12), welcher dazu ausgebildet ist, die elektrische Maschine (2) mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen und von der elektrischen Ma schine (2) aufgeladen zu werden, und ein zweites Bremselement (13), welches dazu ausgebildet ist, die Antriebsachse (4) bei einem ortsfesten Ladevorgang des Energiespeichers (12) zu blockieren. 10. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to one of the preceding claims, to summarize an energy store (12) which is designed to supply the electrical machine (2) with electrical energy and to be charged by the electrical Ma machine (2), and a second braking element (13) which is designed to block the drive axle (4) during a stationary charging process of the energy store (12).
11. Paralleler Hybridantrieb (1 ) nach Anspruch 10, wobei die elektrische Maschine (2) dazu ausgebildet ist, die Verbrennungskraftmaschine (3) bei gebremster An triebsachse (4) aus einem Stillstand zu starten. 11. Parallel hybrid drive (1) according to claim 10, wherein the electric machine (2) is designed to start the internal combustion engine (3) when the drive axle (4) is braked from a standstill.
12. Kraftfahrzeug, ausgebildet als Kraftrad, umfassend einen parallelen Hybridantrieb (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 und ein Hinterrad, welches durch den parallelen Hybridantrieb (1) antreibbar ist. 12. Motor vehicle, designed as a motorcycle, comprising a parallel hybrid drive (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11 and a rear wheel which can be driven by the parallel hybrid drive (1).
13. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs (1) mit einem Umlaufrä dergetriebe (5) in einem Direktantriebsmodus, umfassend die Schritte: 13. A method for operating a parallel hybrid drive (1) with a Umlaufrä gear transmission (5) in a direct drive mode, comprising the steps:
A1 : Antreiben einer ersten Welle (6) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) mit einer elektrischen Maschine (2); A1: driving a first shaft (6) of the epicyclic gear train (5) with an electric machine (2);
A2: Antreiben einer zweiten Welle (7) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) mit einer Ver brennungskraftmaschine (3); A2: Driving a second shaft (7) of the planetary gear transmission (5) with an internal combustion engine (3);
A3: Übertragen von Bewegungen der ersten Welle (6) und der zweiten Welle (7) auf eine dritte Welle (8) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5), wobei mindestens zwei Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) mittels eines geschlossenen Schaltelements (9) fest miteinander verbunden sind. A3: Transfer of movements of the first shaft (6) and the second shaft (7) to a third shaft (8) of the epicyclic gear (5), with at least two shafts of the epicyclic gear (5) firmly connected to one another by means of a closed switching element (9) are.
14. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs (1) mit einem Umlaufrä dergetriebe (5) in einem rein elektrischen Modus, umfassend die Schritte: 14. A method for operating a parallel hybrid drive (1) with a Umlaufrä gear transmission (5) in a purely electric mode, comprising the steps:
B1: Antreiben einer ersten Welle (6) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) mit einer elektrischen Maschine (2); B2: Unterbinden einer Rückwärtsdrehung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine (3), welche mit einer zweiten Welle (7) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) verbunden ist, mittels eines ersten Bremselements (10); B1: driving a first shaft (6) of the epicyclic gear train (5) with an electric machine (2); B2: Preventing reverse rotation of an internal combustion engine (3), which is connected to a second shaft (7) of the epicyclic gear train (5), by means of a first braking element (10);
B3: Übertragen einer Bewegung der ersten Welle (6) auf eine dritte Welle (8) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5). B3: Transferring a movement of the first shaft (6) to a third shaft (8) of the epicyclic gear (5).
15. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines parallelen Hybridantriebs (1) mit einem Umlaufrä dergetriebe (5) in einem CVT Modus, umfassend die Schritte: 15. A method for operating a parallel hybrid drive (1) with a Umlaufrä gear transmission (5) in a CVT mode, comprising the steps:
C1: Antreiben einer ersten Welle (6) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) mit einer elektrischen Maschine (2); C1: driving a first shaft (6) of the epicyclic gear train (5) with an electric machine (2);
C2: Antreiben einer zweiten Welle (7) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) mit einer Ver- brennungskraftmaschine (3); C2: Driving a second shaft (7) of the planetary gear transmission (5) with an internal combustion engine (3);
C3: Übertragen von Bewegungen der ersten Welle (6) und der zweiten Welle (7) auf eine dritte Welle (8) des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5), wobei alle Wellen des Umlaufrädergetriebes (5) gegeneinander drehbar sind. C3: Transferring movements of the first shaft (6) and the second shaft (7) to a third shaft (8) of the epicyclic gearing (5), all of the shafts of the epicyclic gearing (5) being mutually rotatable.
PCT/EP2021/066463 2020-06-17 2021-06-17 Parallel hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, motor vehicle, and method for operating a parallel hybrid drive WO2021255188A1 (en)

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EP21734107.2A EP4168263A1 (en) 2020-06-17 2021-06-17 Parallel hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, motor vehicle, and method for operating a parallel hybrid drive
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