DE19912152A1 - Solving statistic thermodynamic in group contribution method for predicting thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures and chemical substances involves determining molecular-fragment specific activity coefficients - Google Patents

Solving statistic thermodynamic in group contribution method for predicting thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures and chemical substances involves determining molecular-fragment specific activity coefficients

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DE19912152A1
DE19912152A1 DE19912152A DE19912152A DE19912152A1 DE 19912152 A1 DE19912152 A1 DE 19912152A1 DE 19912152 A DE19912152 A DE 19912152A DE 19912152 A DE19912152 A DE 19912152A DE 19912152 A1 DE19912152 A1 DE 19912152A1
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specific activity
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G16C20/00Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
    • G16C20/30Prediction of properties of chemical compounds, compositions or mixtures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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    • G16CCOMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
    • G16C20/00Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
    • G16C20/10Analysis or design of chemical reactions, syntheses or processes

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Abstract

The method is for statistical determination of thermodynamic characteristics of liquid mixtures. In the process, the molecular-fragment specific activity coefficient is determined for the various molecular fragments by using the exact equation of approximation up until the general assumption by iteration of self-consistency without further approximations.

Description

Gruppenbeitragsmethoden sind zur Zeit die zuverlässigsten und am weitesten verbreitetsten Methoden zur Vorausberechnung thermodynamischer Eigenschaften flüssiger Mischungen von chemischen Substanzen. Derartige Vorausberechnungen werden in der Verfahrenstechnik häufig benötigt, um bei der Planung oder Optimierung chemischer Prozesse existierende Datenlücken zu schließen. Eine gute, aktuelle Übersicht über den Stand der Technik zur Vorausberechnung thermodynamischer Eigenschaften von Mischungen wurde von Sandler gegeben [S.I.Sandler: Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd Edition; Wiley, New York, 1999, insbesondere 7. Kapitel] Hierin wird auch betont, daß der UNIFAC-Ansatz [Fredenslund, A.; Gmehling, J.; Rasmussen, P.: Vapor Liquid Equilibria Using UNIFAC, Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1977] unter den Gruppenbeitragsmethoden die größte Bedeutung hat.Group contribution methods are currently the most reliable and widely used methods for predicting thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures of chemical substances. Such advance calculations are often required in process engineering to close existing data gaps when planning or optimizing chemical processes. A good overview of the current state of the art of predicting thermodynamic properties of mixtures was given by Sandler [SISandler: Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd Edition; Wiley, New York, 1999, especially Chapter 7] It also emphasizes that the UNIFAC approach [Fredenslund, A .; Gmehling, J .; Rasmussen, P .: Vapor Liquid Equilibria Using UNIFAC, Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1977] has the greatest importance among the group contribution methods.

Der gemeinsame Kerngedanke aller Gruppenbeitragsmethoden ist die Annahme, daß sich die Wechselwirkungen in einer flüssigen Mischung von Molekülen als Summe von Paarwechselwirkungen von vordefinierten Molekülfragmenten (im folgenden als "Gruppen" bezeichnet), also als Gruppenbeiträge, darstellen lassen. Der Parametersatz der Gruppenbeiträge akl zwischen je zwei Gruppen vom Typ k und l wurde in einem aufwendigen Verfahren an experimentelle Daten angepaßt und liegt als Tabelle der jeweiligen Gruppenbeitragsmethode zugrunde. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß im Laufe der letzten 25 Jahre selbst für das UNIFAC-Verfahren mehrere Parametersätze entwickelt wurden, die jeweils unter etwas anderen Gesichtspunkten optimiert wurden.The common core idea of all group contribution methods is the assumption that the interactions in a liquid mixture of molecules can be represented as the sum of pair interactions of predefined molecular fragments (hereinafter referred to as "groups"), ie as group contributions. The parameter set of the group contributions a kl between two groups of the type k and l was adapted to experimental data in a complex process and is based on the table of the respective group contribution method. It should be noted that over the past 25 years, even for the UNIFAC process, several parameter sets have been developed, each of which has been optimized under slightly different criteria.

Neben anderen Problemen, die aus den Grundannahmen der Gruppenbeitragsmethoden herrühren, resultieren in alle Gruppenbeitragmethoden zusätzliche Fehler aus der näherungsweisen Lösung der statistischen Thermodynamik für das System wechselwirkender Gruppen. Diese Fehler machen sich besonderes bei sehr starken Wechselwirkungen von Gruppen bemerkbar, die nur in geringer Konzentration in der Mischung vorkommen. In der Notation von UNIFAC wird die statistische Thermodynamik in Form folgender Gleichung für den spezifischen Aktivitätskoeffizienten Γk einer Gruppe k in der Mischung abgehandelt:
In addition to other problems resulting from the basic assumptions of the group contribution methods, additional errors result from the approximate solution of statistical thermodynamics for the system of interacting groups in all group contribution methods. These errors are particularly noticeable in the case of very strong interactions between groups that only occur in a low concentration in the mixture. In UNIFAC notation, statistical thermodynamics is dealt with in the form of the following equation for the specific activity coefficient Γ k of a group k in the mixture:

ln dieser Gleichung bedeuten:
In this equation:

  • - In den natürlichen Logarithmus- In the natural log
  • - Qi die spezifische Oberfläche einer Gruppe i- Q i the specific surface area of a group i
  • - Θi den Oberflächenanteil einer Gruppe i an der gesamten Moleküloberfläche in der Mischung- Θ i is the surface fraction of a group i in the total molecular surface in the mixture
  • - Ψi,j = exp{-aij/T}- Ψ i, j = exp {-a ij / T}
  • - exp die Exponential-Funktion- exp the exponential function
  • - T die absolute Temperatur in Kelvin- T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin

Die Summenindices m und n laufen dabei über alle in der Mischung vertretenen Gruppen.The sum indices m and n run over all groups represented in the mixture.

Aus einer völlig anderen Richtung kommend hat A. Klamt eine Methode zur Berechnung thermodynamischer Eigenschaften von flüssigen Mischungen (COSMO-RS) auf der Basis quantenchemischer Rechnungen vorgeschlagen, die ohne die Zerlegung der Moleküle in Gruppen auskommt [A. Klamt, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1995, 99, S. 2224 ff]. In dieser Methode, die wie die Gruppenbeitragsmethoden von der Annahme wechselwirkender Molekül-Oberflächensegmente ausgeht, führt Klamt auch eine neuartige exakte Lösung für die statistische Thermodynamik des von ihm betrachteten Ensembles wechselwirkender Oberflächensegmente ein, bei der die spezifische Aktivität bestimmter Oberflächensegmente iterativ und selbstkonsistent aus der Kenntnis der Oberflächenzusammensetzung der Mischung, der spezifischen Wechselwirkungsenergien unterschiedlicher Oberflächensegmente, und der spezifischen Aktivität der übrigen Oberflächensegmente berechnet wird. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Gleichung zu einer sehr schnellen und vor allem exakten Lösung der statistischen Thermodynamik des betrachteten Systems führt.Coming from a completely different direction, A. Klamt has a method of calculation thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures (COSMO-RS) based quantum chemical calculations proposed without breaking down the molecules into Groups get along [A. Klamt, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1995, 99, p. 2224 ff]. In this Method that, like the group contribution methods, is more interactive from the assumption Molecule surface segments runs out, Klamt also leads a new kind of exact solution for the statistical thermodynamics of the ensemble considered by him are more interactive Surface segments where the specific activity of certain surface segments iterative and self-consistent from knowledge of the surface composition of the Mixture, the specific interaction energies of different surface segments, and the specific activity of the remaining surface segments is calculated. It will demonstrated that this equation leads to a very quick and, above all, exact solution of the statistical thermodynamics of the system under consideration.

Eine genaue Analyse der Analogien und Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppenbeitrags­ methoden und COSMO-RS zeigt, daß sich der Grundgedanke der iterativ selbstkonsistenten Lösung aus COSMO-RS auf die Gruppenbeitragsmethoden, insbesondere auch auf UNIFAC, übertragen läßt. Diese Übertragung, die in der Notation von UNIFAC die Form
A precise analysis of the analogies and differences between the group contribution methods and COSMO-RS shows that the basic idea of the iteratively self-consistent solution from COSMO-RS can be applied to the group contribution methods, especially to UNIFAC. This transfer, which in the notation of UNIFAC the form

anstelle von Gleichung 1) annimmt, löst damit die aus den Näherungen bei der statistischen Thermodynamik in den Gruppenbeitragsmethoden auftretenden Probleme und stellt den oben genannten Patentanspruch dar.instead of equation 1), it triggers the approximation of the statistical Thermodynamics problems in group contribution methods and presents the above mentioned claim.

Die mit dieser Erfindung erzielbaren Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß der Anwendungsbereich von Gruppenbeitragsmethoden auch auf Systeme mit sehr starken Wechselwirkungen von Gruppen, die in geringen Konzentrationen vorkommen, ausgedehnt werden kann. Des weiteren ist davon auszugehen, daß die Vermeidung von Näherungen in der statistischen Thermodynamik auch schon im Bereich mittelstarker Wechselwirkungen zu deutlichen Verbesserungen bei der Vorhersagegenauigkeit führen werden. Es ist allerdings davon auszugehen, daß sich die aus der Erfindung hervorgehenden Vorteile der erst durch eine Neuparametrisierung der Gruppenbeitragsmethoden realisieren lassen, da die alten Parametersätze im Zusammenspiel mit der alten, näherungsweisen Lösung der statistischen Thermodynamik optimiert wurden. Aus diesem Grund kann derzeit weder der erzielbare Nutzen quantifiziert, noch kein Anwendungsbeispiel dargestellt werden.The advantages that can be achieved with this invention are in particular that the Scope of application of group contribution methods also to systems with very strong ones Interactions of groups that occur in low concentrations, expanded can be. Furthermore, it can be assumed that the avoidance of approximations in statistical thermodynamics even in the area of moderate interactions will lead to significant improvements in prediction accuracy. However, it is assume that the advantages arising from the invention of the first have a new parameterization of the group contribution methods implemented, as the old ones Parameter sets in interaction with the old, approximate solution of the statistical Thermodynamics were optimized. For this reason, neither the achievable Benefit quantified, no application example can be presented.

Claims (1)

Exaktes Verfahren zur Lösung der statistischen Thermodynamik in Gruppenbeitragsmethoden zur Vorhersage thermodynamischer Eigenschaften flüssiger Mischungen chemischer Substanzen, bei dem die molekülfragment-spezifischen Aktivitätskoefflzienten Γk für die verschiedenen Molekülfragmente k mit Hilfe der einer bis auf die generellen Annahmen Näherungen des Gruppenbeitragsansatzes exakten Gleichung durch Iteration selbstkonsistent ohne weitere Näherungen bestimmt werden.Exact method for solving statistical thermodynamics in group contribution methods for predicting the thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures of chemical substances, in which the molecule fragment-specific activity coefficients Γ k for the different molecular fragments k with the help of one exact approximation of the group contribution approach by iteration self-consistent without iteration further approximations can be determined.
DE19912152A 1999-03-18 1999-03-18 Solving statistic thermodynamic in group contribution method for predicting thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures and chemical substances involves determining molecular-fragment specific activity coefficients Withdrawn DE19912152A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002051375A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Haarmann & Reimer Gmbh Selection method for odorous substances
WO2002051359A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Haarmann & Reimer Gmbh Method for selecting cosmetic adjuvants
WO2002051263A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Haarmann & Reimer Gmbh Selection method for aromatic substances

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002051375A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Haarmann & Reimer Gmbh Selection method for odorous substances
WO2002051359A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Haarmann & Reimer Gmbh Method for selecting cosmetic adjuvants
WO2002051263A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Haarmann & Reimer Gmbh Selection method for aromatic substances
US6741954B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2004-05-25 Symrise Gmbh & Co. Kg Selection method for odorants

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