DE19849767C1 - Cryogenic tank with cellular insert - Google Patents

Cryogenic tank with cellular insert

Info

Publication number
DE19849767C1
DE19849767C1 DE19849767A DE19849767A DE19849767C1 DE 19849767 C1 DE19849767 C1 DE 19849767C1 DE 19849767 A DE19849767 A DE 19849767A DE 19849767 A DE19849767 A DE 19849767A DE 19849767 C1 DE19849767 C1 DE 19849767C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
cells
partitions
liquid
storage tank
storage container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE19849767A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Horst Ruediger
Wilfried-Henning Reese
Diethard Sillat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to DE19849767A priority Critical patent/DE19849767C1/en
Priority to EP99120476A priority patent/EP0997681A3/en
Priority to JP30252599A priority patent/JP2000130690A/en
Priority to US09/428,483 priority patent/US6367647B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE19849767C1 publication Critical patent/DE19849767C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0161—Honeycomb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0171—Shape complex comprising a communication hole between chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/041—Stratification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/046—Methods for emptying or filling by even emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F17C2250/0417—Level of content in the vessel with electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/035—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

A cryogenic tank eg. for liquid hydrogen fuel for a vehicle, has evaporated gas held in the top part, at a higher temperature then the main part of the liquid. A vertical wall honeycomb insert (2) made of material with poor thermal conductivity, maintains the temperature gradient and prevents the liquid gas from moving too violently. The honeycomb extends to 80 to 95 percent of the height of the tank and has a mesh size of less than 10 mm.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Speichertank, insbesondere für verflüssigte Gase, der durch eine Vielzahl von Trennwänden in Zellen unterteilt ist.The invention relates to a storage tank, in particular for liquefied gases is divided into cells by a large number of partition walls.

Angesichts der verkehrsbedingten Immisionsbelastungen wird in Zukunft in zunehmendem Maße Wasserstoff als Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge, Flugzeuge und Schiffe eingesetzt werden. Die Speicherung des Wasserstoffs an Bord dieser Fahrzeuge erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise in flüssiger Form, da aufgrund der geringen Dichte von gasförmigem Wasserstoff die Speicherkapazität ansonsten nur sehr begrenzt wäre. Der Wasserstoff wird daher auf etwa 25 K abgekühlt und in den auf dem Fahrzeug befindlichen Speichertank bei einem Druck von 3 bis 4 bar eingeleitet.In view of the traffic-related immissions pollution in the future Increasingly hydrogen as fuel for motor vehicles, airplanes and Ships are used. The storage of hydrogen on board this Vehicles are expediently carried out in liquid form because of the small Density of gaseous hydrogen otherwise very little would be limited. The hydrogen is therefore cooled to about 25 K and in the the storage tank in the vehicle at a pressure of 3 to 4 bar.

Wird als Antriebsaggregat ein Verbrennungsmotor eingesetzt, so ist der Fülldruck von 3 bis 4 bar für einen ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb des Motors gerade ausreichend. Beim Einsatz von Brennstoffzellen als Fahrzeugantrieb ist dagegen derzeit eine Wasserstoffzufuhr unter einem Druck von 10 bar erforderlich. Eine Speicherung des Wasserstoffs bei einem Druck von 10 bar und einer entsprechenden Gleichgewichtstemperatur von etwa 31 K ist allerdings nachteilig, da die Speicherkapazität aufgrund der sich mit steigender Temperatur verringernden Dichte des flüssigen Wasserstoffs deutlich sinkt.If an internal combustion engine is used as the drive unit, the filling pressure is 3 to 4 bar just enough for proper engine operation. At the In contrast, the use of fuel cells as a vehicle drive is currently one Hydrogen supply under a pressure of 10 bar required. A storage of the Hydrogen at a pressure of 10 bar and a corresponding one However, the equilibrium temperature of about 31 K is disadvantageous because the Storage capacity due to the decreasing density with increasing temperature of liquid hydrogen drops significantly.

In der Praxis wird daher der bei einem Druck von 3 bis 4 bar gespeicherte Wasserstoff zunächst auf 10 bar verdichtet, bevor er der Brennstoffzelle zugeführt werden kann. Die Druckerhöhung kann beispielsweise durch Einleiten zusätzlichen gasförmigen Wasserstoffs in den Speichertank oder durch Verdampfen eines Teils des flüssigen Wasserstoffs erreicht werden. Eine derartige Vorrichtung zum Druckaufbau mittels einer Mammutpumpe, welche flüssigen Wasserstoff nach oben in den Gasraum fördert und an deren oberem Ende eine Verdampfer-Heizung zur Verdampfung des flüssigen Wasserstoffs vorgesehen ist, ist beispielsweise aus der DE 42 12 626 A1 bekannt. In practice, therefore, the one stored at a pressure of 3 to 4 bar Hydrogen is first compressed to 10 bar before being fed to the fuel cell can be. The pressure increase can, for example, by introducing additional gaseous hydrogen in the storage tank or by evaporating a part of liquid hydrogen can be achieved. Such a device for Pressure build-up by means of a mammoth pump, which upwards in liquid hydrogen promotes the gas space and at the top end an evaporator heater Evaporation of the liquid hydrogen is provided, for example, from the DE 42 12 626 A1 known.  

Nach der Druckerhöhung befinden sich allerdings der flüssige und der gasförmige Wasserstoff im Speichertank im thermischen Ungleichgewicht, da die Flüssigkeit eine Temperatur von etwa 25 K aufweist, während in der Gasatmosphäre eine Temperatur von 31 K vorliegt. Das in dem Tank vorliegende thermodynamische System ist daher bestrebt, durch Rückkondensation von Wasserstoffgas eine Angleichung der thermischen Verhältnisse von Gas und Flüssigkeit herbeizuführen.After the pressure increase, however, there are the liquid and the gaseous Hydrogen in the storage tank in thermal imbalance because the liquid is a Has temperature of about 25 K, while in the gas atmosphere a temperature of 31 K. The thermodynamic system present in the tank is therefore endeavors to reconcile hydrogen gas by condensing it back bring about thermal conditions of gas and liquid.

Die Rückkondensation und die daraus resultierende Druckerniedrigung können dadurch verhindert werden, daß zumindest die oberste Flüssigkeitsschicht mit dem Gas in thermisches Gleichgewicht gebracht und dieses aufrechterhalten wird. Eine Erwärmung der gesamten Flüssigkeit ist dagegen aus den oben genannten Gründen verringerter Speicherkapazität unerwünscht.The back condensation and the resulting pressure reduction can thereby be prevented that at least the uppermost liquid layer with the Gas is brought into thermal equilibrium and this is maintained. A Heating of the entire liquid is against it for the reasons mentioned above reduced storage capacity undesirable.

Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die es ermöglicht, eine in der in dem Speicherbehälter befindlichen Flüssigkeit bestehende Temperaturschichtung aufrechtzuerhalten.The object of the present invention is therefore a device of the beginning mentioned type, which allows one in the in the storage container maintain existing temperature stratification.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Trennwände aus einem schlecht wärmeleitenden Material bestehen und die maximale Ausdehnung der Zellen in einer Ebene senkrecht zu den Trennwänden kleiner als 50 mm ist.This object is achieved in that the partitions a poorly heat-conducting material and the maximum expansion of the Cells in a plane perpendicular to the partition walls is less than 50 mm.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das Innere des Speicherbehälters durch eine Vielzahl von Trennwänden in einzelne Zellen unterteilt, wodurch der Flüssigkeitstransport innerhalb des Speicherbehälters in einer Ebene senkrecht zu den Trennwänden stark eingeschränkt wird. Der Abstand der einzelnen Trennwände wird so gewählt, daß auch innerhalb der einzelnen Zellen, d. h. in einer Ebene parallel zu den Trennwänden, Flüssigkeitsbewegungen unterdrückt werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß es hierzu notwendig ist, die maximale Ausdehnung der Zellen auf 50 mm zu begrenzen. Vorzugsweise wird die Ausdehnung der Zellen in einer Ebene senkrecht zu den Trennwänden sogar kleiner als 10 mm, besonders bevorzugt kleiner als 5 mm gehalten. Aufgrund des Einsatzes von Trennwänden in dem Speicherbehälter und der erfindungsgemäßen Dimensionierung der daraus resultierenden Zellen wird daher sichergestellt, daß eine in der in dem Speicherbehälter gespeicherten Flüssigkeit bereits vorliegende oder gezielt herbeigeführte Temperaturschichtung bestehen bleibt.According to the invention, the interior of the storage container is covered by a large number of Partitions are divided into individual cells, which allows fluid transport within of the storage tank strong in a plane perpendicular to the partition walls is restricted. The distance between the individual partitions is chosen so that also within the individual cells, d. H. in a plane parallel to the Partitions, liquid movements are suppressed. It has been shown that it is necessary to increase the maximum cell size to 50 mm limit. The expansion of the cells in one plane is preferably perpendicular to the partition walls even less than 10 mm, particularly preferably less than 5 mm held. Due to the use of partitions in the storage container and the Dimensioning of the resulting cells according to the invention is therefore ensures that a liquid is stored in the storage container  existing or deliberately created temperature stratification exist remains.

Der Wärmeaustausch zwischen den in benachbarten Zellen gespeicherten Flüssigkeitsteilmengen wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch verringert, daß die Trennwände aus einem schlecht wärmeleitenden Material bestehen. Die in den einzelnen Zellen gespeicherten Flüssigkeitsteilmengen sind somit thermisch im wesentlichen entkoppelt. Die Trennwände schließen jedoch von Vorteil nicht dicht mit den Wänden des Speicherbehälters ab, so daß die Flüssigkeit jeweils am Stoß zwischen den Trennwänden und der Behälterwand von einer Zelle in die benachbarte Zelle fließen kann. Diese flüssigkeitsseitige Verbindung der einzelnen Zellen erlaubt es, gemeinsame Zu- und Ableitungen sowie Kontrollvorrichtungen, wie z. B. Flüssigkeitsstandsensoren, für alle Zellen vorzusehen.The heat exchange between those stored in neighboring cells Liquid subsets are reduced according to the invention in that the Partitions consist of a poorly heat-conducting material. The in the individual cells stored liquid subsets are thus thermally in the essentially decoupled. The dividing walls, however, advantageously do not close tightly from the walls of the storage container, so that the liquid in each case at the joint between the partitions and the container wall from one cell to the neighboring Cell can flow. This fluid-side connection of the individual cells allows es, common supply and discharge lines and control devices, such as. B. Liquid level sensors, to be provided for all cells.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß es günstig ist, Trennwände aus Kunststoff oder einem in Harz oder einer ähnlichen Substanz getränkten Gewebe vorzusehen, da diese Materialien schlecht wärmeleitend, leicht, preiswert und einfach zu verarbeiten sind. Die Trennwände sind entweder gänzlich flüssigkeitsundurchlässig, oder sie besitzen Öffnungen, die nur einen eingeschränkten Flüssigkeitsdurchtritt durch die Trennwände erlauben.It has been shown that it is convenient to use plastic or one in Resin or similar substance to provide soaked tissue as this Materials that are poorly heat-conducting, light, inexpensive and easy to process. The partitions are either completely impermeable to liquids or have them Openings that only allow restricted passage of liquid through the Allow partitions.

Von Vorteil besitzen die Zellen einen drei-, vier- oder sechseckigen Querschnitt, da mit diesen zum einen der Speicherbehälter gleichmäßig ausgefüllt werden kann, zum anderen derartige Zellen relativ einfach herstellbar sind. Hierzu werden mehrere Trennwände aufeinandergelegt, in bestimmten Abständen miteinander verklebt und anschließend die nicht verklebten Bereiche auseinandergezogen, so daß sich Zellen ergeben. Auch der Einsatz von Zellen mit rundem Querschnitt ist aus produktionstechnischen Gründen vorteilhaft.The cells advantageously have a triangular, quadrangular or hexagonal cross section since with these, on the one hand, the storage container can be filled evenly, for other such cells are relatively easy to manufacture. To do this, several Partitions placed on top of each other, glued together at certain intervals and then the non-bonded areas pulled apart so that cells surrender. The use of cells with a round cross-section is also over advantageous for production reasons.

Die Trennwände sind vorzugsweise im wesentlichen senkrecht angeordnet, so daß sich schmale, hohe Zellen ergeben. Die Zellen erstrecken sich in diesem Fall bevorzugt vom Boden des Speicherbehälters bis in eine Höhe von mindestens 80% der Höhe des Speicherbehälters, besonders bevorzugt bis in eine Höhe zwischen 80 und 95% der Höhe des Speicherbehälters, so daß nur ein kleiner Teil des Kopfraumes des Behälters, in dem sich das Gas befindet, frei von Einbauten ist.The partitions are preferably arranged substantially vertically so that there are narrow, tall cells. In this case, the cells extend preferably from the bottom of the storage container to a height of at least 80% the height of the storage container, particularly preferably up to a height between 80 and 95% of the height of the storage container, so that only a small part of the Head space of the container in which the gas is located is free of internals.

Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand von in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:The invention and further details of the invention are described below of embodiments shown schematically in the drawings explained. Here show:

Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Speicherbehälter in der Seitenansicht und Fig. 1 shows a storage container according to the invention in side view and

Fig. 2 in der Draufsicht. Fig. 2 in top view.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Speicherbehälter für ein wasserstoffgetriebenes Fahrzeug mit Brennstoffzellentechnologie dargestellt, welches im Fahrbetrieb Wasserstoff unter einem Druck von 10 bar benötigt. Der Speicherbehälter 1 ist durch eine Vielzahl von senkrecht angeordneten Trennwänden 2 unterteilt, welche so geformt und miteinander verklebt sind, daß sich im Querschnitt eine wabenförmige Struktur ergibt (siehe Fig. 2). Die maximale Ausdehnung 3 einer dieser wabenförmigen Zellen 4 in einer Ebene senkrecht zu den Trennwänden 2 beträgt 6 mm. Die Trennwände selbst bestehen aus einem in Harz getränkten Gestrick, welches flüssigkeitsundurchlässig und schlecht wärmeleitend ist.In Fig. 1, a storage tank for a hydrogen-powered vehicle is shown with fuel cell technology, which requires the driving of hydrogen under a pressure of 10 bar. The storage container 1 is divided by a plurality of vertically arranged partition walls 2 , which are shaped and glued to one another in such a way that a honeycomb-shaped structure results in cross section (see FIG. 2). The maximum extent 3 of one of these honeycomb cells 4 in a plane perpendicular to the partition walls 2 is 6 mm. The partitions themselves consist of a knitted fabric soaked in resin, which is impermeable to liquids and poorly heat-conducting.

Um eine möglichst große Menge an Wasserstoff in dem Speicherbehälter 1 speichern zu können, wird der Wasserstoff zunächst bei niedrigem Druck, beispielsweise 1 bis 4 bar, in den Speicherbehälter 1 über die Einspeiseleitung 5 eingebracht. Im Fahrbetrieb wird dann der Druck in dem Behälter 1 durch Verdampfen von Flüssigkeit erhöht.In order to be able to store as large a quantity of hydrogen as possible in the storage container 1 , the hydrogen is first introduced into the storage container 1 via the feed line 5 at low pressure, for example 1 to 4 bar. During driving, the pressure in the container 1 is then increased by the evaporation of liquid.

Hierzu wird ein Teil des flüssigen Wassserstoffs mit der Heizung 6 entweder erwärmt oder verdampft, so daß sich im Gasraum 7 über dem flüssigen Wasserstoff ein erhöhter Druck einstellt. Nach anfänglicher Rückkondensation von gasförmigem Wasserstoff bilden die obersten Flüssigkeitsschichten eine isolierende Schicht, die eine weitere Rückkondensation verhindern. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, im Gasraum 7 einen Druck von 10 bar, der einer Siedetemperatur von etwa 31 K entspricht, aufrechtzuerhalten, während der flüssige Wasserstoff auf etwa 25 K unterkühlt ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Unterteilung des Speichervolumens 1 in einzelne Zellen 4 verhindert dabei Flüssigkeitsbewegungen in dem Speicherbehälter 1, die zu einer Zerstörung des Temperaturgradienten in dem flüssigen Wasserstoff führen könnten. Der gasförmige Wasserstoff wird über Leitung 8 den Brennstoffzellen zugeführt.For this purpose, part of the liquid hydrogen is either heated or evaporated with the heater 6 , so that an increased pressure is established in the gas space 7 above the liquid hydrogen. After initial back condensation of gaseous hydrogen, the uppermost layers of liquid form an insulating layer, which prevent further back condensation. In this way, it is possible to maintain a pressure of 10 bar in the gas space 7 , which corresponds to a boiling temperature of approximately 31 K, while the liquid hydrogen is supercooled to approximately 25 K. The division of the storage volume 1 into individual cells 4 in accordance with the invention prevents liquid movements in the storage container 1 which could lead to the destruction of the temperature gradient in the liquid hydrogen. The gaseous hydrogen is fed to the fuel cells via line 8 .

Die Erfindung ermöglicht es somit, flüssigen Wasserstoff bei geringer Temperatur zu speichern, um eine möglichst große Befüllmenge des Speicherbehälters zu erreichen, und gleichzeitig Wasserstoff unter hohem Druck von beispielsweise 10 bar zur Verfügung zu stellen.The invention thus makes it possible to supply liquid hydrogen at a low temperature save in order to achieve the largest possible filling quantity of the storage container, and at the same time hydrogen under high pressure of, for example, 10 bar To make available.

Claims (8)

1. Speichertank, insbesondere für verflüssigte Gase, der durch eine Vielzahl von Trennwänden in Zellen unterteilt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennwände aus einem schlecht wärmeleitenden Material bestehen und die maximale Ausdehnung der Zellen in einer Ebene senkrecht zu den Trennwänden kleiner als 50 mm ist.1. Storage tank, in particular for liquefied gases, which is divided by a plurality of partitions into cells, characterized in that the partitions consist of a poorly heat-conducting material and the maximum expansion of the cells in a plane perpendicular to the partitions is less than 50 mm . 2. Speichertank nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die maximale Ausdehnung der Zellen in einer Ebene senkrecht zu den Trennwänden kleiner als 10 mm, bevorzugt kleiner als 5 mm ist.2. Storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum Expansion of the cells in a plane perpendicular to the partition walls less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm. 3. Speichertank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennwände aus Kunststoff oder einem mit Harz versehenen Gewebe bestehen.3. Storage tank according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the partitions made of plastic or a fabric provided with resin consist. 4. Speichertank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zellen einen dreieckigen, viereckigen, sechseckigen oder runden Querschnitt besitzen.4. Storage tank according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cells have a triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal or round cross-section have. 5. Speichertank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennwände im wesentlichen senkrecht angeordnet sind.5. Storage tank according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the partitions are arranged substantially vertically. 6. Speichertank nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Zellen vom Boden des Speicherbehälters bis in eine Höhe zwischen 80 und 95% der Höhe des Speicherbehälters erstrecken.6. Storage tank according to claim 5, characterized in that the cells from Bottom of the storage container to a height between 80 and 95% of the height of the storage container. 7. Verwendung eines Speicherbehälters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zur Aufrechterhaltung eines Temperaturgradienten in einer in dem Speichertank gespeicherten Flüssigkeit.7. Use of a storage container according to one of claims 1 to 6 for Maintaining a temperature gradient in one in the storage tank stored liquid. 8. Verwendung eines Speicherbehälters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zur Speicherung von flüssigem Wasserstoff in einem Kraftfahrzeug.8. Use of a storage container according to one of claims 1 to 6 for Storage of liquid hydrogen in a motor vehicle.
DE19849767A 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Cryogenic tank with cellular insert Expired - Fee Related DE19849767C1 (en)

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DE19849767A DE19849767C1 (en) 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Cryogenic tank with cellular insert
EP99120476A EP0997681A3 (en) 1998-10-28 1999-10-14 Storage vessel for liquified gases
JP30252599A JP2000130690A (en) 1998-10-28 1999-10-25 Storage tank for liquefied gas
US09/428,483 US6367647B1 (en) 1998-10-28 1999-10-28 Storage container for liquefied gases

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