EP0061697B1 - Cold storage accumulator with mounting means and air-regulating louvres - Google Patents

Cold storage accumulator with mounting means and air-regulating louvres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061697B1
EP0061697B1 EP82102391A EP82102391A EP0061697B1 EP 0061697 B1 EP0061697 B1 EP 0061697B1 EP 82102391 A EP82102391 A EP 82102391A EP 82102391 A EP82102391 A EP 82102391A EP 0061697 B1 EP0061697 B1 EP 0061697B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cold storage
brine
elements
shell
storage element
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EP82102391A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0061697A1 (en
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Peter Volker Grosskopf
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Kunststoff- und Kaltetechnik Grosskopf GmbH
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Kunststoff- und Kaltetechnik Grosskopf GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/04—Preventing the formation of frost or condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/14—Collecting or removing condensed and defrost water; Drip trays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/005—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies combined with heat exchangers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold storage element in a refrigerated vehicle, with a jacket of substantially rectangular shape, which contains a eutectic brine set for cold storage to a specific freezing point, in which one or more pipelines carrying a refrigerant run in the form of a hairpin to freeze the brine, the Element in cross section is formed as an upright rectangle with vertical side walls, and a holder for such cold storage elements and air control slats.
  • a further disadvantage is that, in the case of elements in plate form, these can only be short for absorbing the static pressure due to acceleration states when braking or starting the vehicle to limit the effective liquid column, and that when using metal pipes running lengthwise through the structure, these have a gelling effect Cold storage agents are filled, which has poorer thermal properties.
  • a rectangular-shaped cold storage element filled with a eutectic brine is also known (FR-A-2 054 777), in which pipelines carrying refrigerant run in the form of a hairpin for freezing the brine and which is arranged in the structure of a refrigerated vehicle.
  • the known element has a jacket with relatively large cantilevered surfaces and is therefore at high risk of breakage when static pressures occur, for example when braking a vehicle as a result of negative acceleration conditions, for example in the order of magnitude of 1 to 3 g.
  • the invention has for its object to provide cold storage elements in a suitable shape and effect, as well as options for their attachment, with which the aforementioned disadvantages and difficulties are overcome, which can be produced economically and in particular Compared to the known elements in relation to the content of eutectic brine, they have significantly larger heat transfer surfaces and are particularly suitable for convective heat exchange. It is intended to create a cold storage element that can be arranged through the entire length of the vehicle body and that can withstand the special stresses caused by short-term static pressure peaks in special acceleration conditions without risk of destruction.
  • a cold storage element of the type mentioned the element being designed in cross-section as an upright rectangle with vertical side walls in that the element lengthwise through a web connecting the side walls approximately centrally in two cross-sectionally rectangular chamber is divided that for further subdivision of the chambers in the longitudinal direction at intervals, transverse walls are arranged, that the pipeline of the refrigerant in the form of a hairpin runs lengthways through the two chambers, and that the jacket and the web consist in one piece of plastic.
  • the cold storage element according to the invention for the first time to produce the element in cross-section as an upright rectangle with vertical plastic side walls in an overall length corresponding to the vehicle body, without the eutectic brine filled in when braking or starting up being a hazard generated by extreme static pressure peaks.
  • the static pressure in particular when the vehicle used is braked sharply, is influenced by the web connecting the side walls in cooperation with the in the longitudinal direction in Spacing arranged transverse walls, wherein the resulting cell-like structure of the entire interior enclosed by the outer jacket, a high degree of mechanical stability is achieved by increased moments of resistance around the longitudinal and transverse axes of the element.
  • This also results in the possibility of producing the element from plastic under the given loads and stresses, which means that the demand for economical manufacturing possibilities can be fulfilled in an ideal manner.
  • the cold storage element it can advantageously be provided that there are openings facilitating the filling of the brine in the transverse walls.
  • the plastic is transparent, and thus enables both the filling and the freezing state of the brine to be checked.
  • Simple non-return flaps can be arranged in the openings in the transverse walls, which prevent the brine from being displaced in the event of negative or positive acceleration states of the vehicle.
  • a separating agent such as silicone oil or the like, which retards the formation of ice and facilitates the detachment of ice, can also be advantageously applied to the surface of the jacket.
  • the plastic surface can advantageously also have a separating or wax-like surface (PTFE, PE).
  • a holder for attaching the cold storage elements advantageously has cross members for receiving the elements, which can be arranged regularly at a distance from one another.
  • an adjustable or thermostatically controlled lamella extending over the element length can be arranged, the width of which corresponds approximately to the gap width and which can be mounted centrally to compensate for the forces acting on it.
  • a gutter for collecting the defrost water is preferably arranged below each rectangular shell with the holder, the opening of which points upwards and the width of which exceeds that of the shell, the faster defrosting within each gutter Elements a pipe for passing heating fluid or an electric heating element can be arranged.
  • conventional cold storage elements consist of plates or tubes filled with gelled brine.
  • the storage element according to the invention consists of a rectangular jacket 1, which has in the middle a longitudinal web 2 connecting the two side walls 3, so that an upper chamber 5 and a lower chamber 6 are formed for the eutectic brine.
  • a tube 4 for the refrigerant runs like a hairpin, which brings the brine to the desired low temperature and freezes it.
  • the elements are made of plastic, namely polyethylene and their surface is coated with a release agent, e.g. B. silicone oil provided. Because of this release agent, the depositing of ice is either prevented or the ice cannot form a firm connection with the plastic surface, so that it falls off automatically as a result of the movement of the vehicle while driving.
  • a release agent e.g. B. silicone oil provided. Because of this release agent, the depositing of ice is either prevented or the ice cannot form a firm connection with the plastic surface, so that it falls off automatically as a result of the movement of the vehicle while driving.
  • V-shaped channels 9 can be arranged below the elements, in which heating rods 10 run and whose opening width of the opening pointing upwards is greater than the width of the cold storage elements.
  • the draining water is collected and drained off in the channels, so that it can also be submerged during the loaded state of the vehicle body is possible or the cold storage elements can also be used in the plus range, since condensate is also drained off via the channels 9 and cannot impair the goods to be cooled.
  • the cold storage elements are mounted on cross members 11 which are fixedly arranged in the vehicle body and which can be at a considerable distance from one another, since the elements bear better due to the favorable cross-sectional design. In the case of shorter and smaller vehicles, it is sufficient if the crossbeams are on the front and rear walls of the body and this enables optimal use of the cooled space.
  • the cold storage elements are at a distance from one another which corresponds approximately to their width and in the gap or below the gap between two adjacent elements there is a lamella 12 which is mounted in the center and which, due to its setting, controls the air flow passing through the elements regulates.
  • the fins 12 can be set automatically, mechanically via a temperature bellows without any additional auxiliary energy, but they can also be set by a thermostat controlled by an electric motor.
  • the cold storage elements according to the invention it is possible for the first time in the cold storage elements according to the invention to use long rectangular sheaths or tubes made of plastic without the filled eutectic brine having to be gelled, as a result of which the cold storage capacity would be reduced.
  • the static pressure in particular when the vehicle is braked sharply, is absorbed by the longitudinal web 2 and the transverse webs 7, the filling of the elements being made possible by the bores 8, but on the other hand a movement of the refrigerant is suppressed to such an extent that the use of rectangular Plastic jackets is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kältespeicherelement in einem Kühlfahrzeug, mit einem Mantel von im wesentlichen rechteckiger Form, das eine zur Kältspeicherung auf einen bestimmten Gefrierpunkt eingestellte eutektische Sole enthält, in dem eine oder mehrere ein Kältemittel führende Rohrleitungen in Haarnadelform zum Einfrieren der Sole verlaufen, wobei das Element im Querschnitt als hochkant stehendes Rechteck mit vertikalen Seitenwänden ausgebildet ist, sowie eine Halterung für solche Kältespeicherelemente und Luftregellamellen.The invention relates to a cold storage element in a refrigerated vehicle, with a jacket of substantially rectangular shape, which contains a eutectic brine set for cold storage to a specific freezing point, in which one or more pipelines carrying a refrigerant run in the form of a hairpin to freeze the brine, the Element in cross section is formed as an upright rectangle with vertical side walls, and a holder for such cold storage elements and air control slats.

Es ist bereits bekannt, Kältespeicherelemente mit einer zur Kältespeicherung geeigneten Sole gefüllt in Plattenform oder in Form von runden Rohren aus Metall zu verwenden. Ein solches Element in Plattenform ist beispielsweise aus der FR-A-1 576 425 bekannt. Nachteilig ist bei einer derartigen Gestaltung und Ausführung des Elementes, daß die hauptsächlich für einen konvektiven Wärmeaustausch mit dem zu kühlenden Raum erforderlichen vertikalen Wandteile nur eine relativ geringe Fläche des Elementes bei im wesentlichen horizontaler Anordnung ausmachen, oder daß bei stehender Anordnung infolge der großen Bauhöhe eine Unterbringung in einem fahrbaren Kühlraum die ohnehin beengten Platzverhältnisse noch wesentlich mehr einschränkt. Runde Rohre aus Metall haben im Verhältnis zum Volumen bekanntlich die geringste Oberfläche zum Wärmeaustausch und sind daher ebenfalls ungünstig. Nachteilig ist weiterhin, daß bei Elementen in Plattenform diese zur Aufnahme des statischen Druckes durch Beschleunigungszustände beim Abbremsen oder Anfahren des Fahrzeuges zur Begrenzung der wirksamen Flüssigkeitssäule nur kurz sein dürfen, und daß bei Verwendung von längs durch den Aufbau laufenden Rohren aus Metall diese mit einem gelierenden Kältespeichermittel gefüllt sind, welches schlechtere wärmetechnische Eigenschaften aufweist.It is already known to use cold storage elements filled with a brine suitable for cold storage in plate form or in the form of round pipes made of metal. Such an element in plate form is known for example from FR-A-1 576 425. A disadvantage of such a design and construction of the element is that the vertical wall parts, which are mainly required for convective heat exchange with the space to be cooled, only make up a relatively small area of the element with an essentially horizontal arrangement, or that in a standing arrangement due to the large structural height, one Accommodation in a mobile cold room, which further limits the already limited space. Round pipes made of metal are known to have the smallest surface for heat exchange in relation to their volume and are therefore also unfavorable. A further disadvantage is that, in the case of elements in plate form, these can only be short for absorbing the static pressure due to acceleration states when braking or starting the vehicle to limit the effective liquid column, and that when using metal pipes running lengthwise through the structure, these have a gelling effect Cold storage agents are filled, which has poorer thermal properties.

Es ist weiter ein mit einer eutektischen Sole gefülltes Kältespeicherelement rechteckiger Form bekannt (FR-A-2 054 777), in dem ein Kältemittel führende Rohrleitungen in Haarnadelform zum Einfrieren der Sole verlaufen und das im Aufbau eines Kühlfahrzeuges angeordnet ist. Das bekannte Element hat einen Mantel mit relativ großen freitragenden Flächen und ist daher beim Auftreten von statischen Drücken, wie sie beispielsweise beim Abbremsen eines Fahrzeuges infolge negativer Beschleunigungszustände beispielsweise in der Größenordnung von 1 bis 3 g entstehen, in starkem Maße bruchgefährdet.A rectangular-shaped cold storage element filled with a eutectic brine is also known (FR-A-2 054 777), in which pipelines carrying refrigerant run in the form of a hairpin for freezing the brine and which is arranged in the structure of a refrigerated vehicle. The known element has a jacket with relatively large cantilevered surfaces and is therefore at high risk of breakage when static pressures occur, for example when braking a vehicle as a result of negative acceleration conditions, for example in the order of magnitude of 1 to 3 g.

Ausgehend von dem genannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, Kältespeicherelemente in geeigneter Form und Wirkung sowie weiterhin auch Möglichkeiten zu deren Anbringung zu schaffen, mit welchen die vorgenannten Nachteile und Schwierigkeiten überwunden werden, die gleichzeitig in wirtschaftlicher Weise herstellbar sind und die insbesondere gegenüber den bekannten Elementen im Verhältnis zum Inhalt an eutektischer Sole wesentlich größere und insbesondere zum konvektiven Wärmeaustausch besser geeignete Wärmeübertragungsflächen aufweisen. Dabei soll mit einem vertretbaren Fertigungsaufwand ein durch die gesamte Länge des Fahrzeugaufbaues anordenbares Kältespeicherelement geschaffen werden, welches den besonderen Beanspruchungen durch kurzzeitige statische Druckspitzen bei besonderen Beschleunigungszuständen ohne Gefahr der Zerstörung widersteht.Based on the prior art mentioned, the invention has for its object to provide cold storage elements in a suitable shape and effect, as well as options for their attachment, with which the aforementioned disadvantages and difficulties are overcome, which can be produced economically and in particular Compared to the known elements in relation to the content of eutectic brine, they have significantly larger heat transfer surfaces and are particularly suitable for convective heat exchange. It is intended to create a cold storage element that can be arranged through the entire length of the vehicle body and that can withstand the special stresses caused by short-term static pressure peaks in special acceleration conditions without risk of destruction.

Weiterhin soll die Möglichkeit gegeben sein, ein Abtauen der Oberfläche oder ein Enteisen der Oberfläche auch bei beladenem Fahrzeug durchführen zu können. Es soll weiterhin die Möglichkeit gegeben sein, Kältespeicherelemente erstmals ohne die Verwendung einer Zwischenwand oder -decke, die eine zusätzliche Luftzwangszirkulationseinrichtung erfordert, auch dann zur Kühlung einsetzen zu können, wenn im Fahrzeugaufbau Temperaturen vorliegen, die höher als der Gefrierpunkt liegen, wobei die Kältespeicherelemente im Verhältnis zu ihrer Speicherkapazität nur eine relativ geringe Höhe aufweisen sollen, so daß das Beladen und Entladen des Fahrzeugaufbaues nicht behindert wird. Das Abkühlen der Sole soll dabei in herkömmlicher Art möglich und das dabei abtropfende Abtauwasser vom Ladegut des Fahrzeuges ferngehalten sein.Furthermore, there should be the possibility of being able to defrost the surface or defrost the surface even when the vehicle is loaded. It should also be possible to use cold storage elements for cooling for the first time without the use of an intermediate wall or ceiling, which requires an additional forced air circulation device, even when temperatures in the vehicle body are higher than the freezing point, the cold storage elements in the Relative to their storage capacity should only have a relatively low height, so that the loading and unloading of the vehicle body is not hindered. The brine should be cooled in a conventional manner and the defrosting water dripping from it should be kept away from the load of the vehicle.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe gelingt mit der Erfindung bei einem Kältespeicherelement der genannten Gattung, wobei das Element im Querschnitt als hochkantstehendes Rechteck mit vertikalen Seitenwänden ausgebildet ist dadurch, daß das Element durch einen die Seitenwände annähernd mittig verbindenden Steg der Länge nach in zwei im Querschnitt rechteckige Kammer unterteilt ist, daß zur weiteren Unterteilung der Kammern in Längsrichtung in Abständen Querwände angeordnet sind, daß die Rohrleitung des Kältemittels in Haarnadelform der Länge nach durch die beiden Kammern verläuft, und daß der Mantel und der Steg einstückig aus Kunststoff bestehen.The object is achieved with the invention in a cold storage element of the type mentioned, the element being designed in cross-section as an upright rectangle with vertical side walls in that the element lengthwise through a web connecting the side walls approximately centrally in two cross-sectionally rectangular chamber is divided that for further subdivision of the chambers in the longitudinal direction at intervals, transverse walls are arranged, that the pipeline of the refrigerant in the form of a hairpin runs lengthways through the two chambers, and that the jacket and the web consist in one piece of plastic.

Für den Fachmann überraschend ist es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kältespeicherelement erstmals möglich, bei einer Ausbildung des Elementes im Querschnitt als hochkant stehendes Rechteck mit vertikalen Seitenwänden aus Kunststoff dieses in einer dem Fahrzeugaufbau entsprechenden Gesamtlänge herzustellen, ohne daß die eingefüllte eutektische Sole beim Bremsen oder Anfahren eine Gefährdung durch extreme statische Druckspitzen erzeugt. Denn der statische Druck, insbesondere beim scharfen Abbremsen des verwendeten Fahrzeuges, wird durch den die Seitenwände verbindenden Steg im Zusammenwirken mit den in Längsrichtung in Abständen angeordneten Querwänden aufgefangen, wobei außerdem durch die hierdurch gebildete zellenartige Struktur des vom Außenmantel umschlossenen gesamten Innenraumes ein hohes Maß an mechanischer Stabilität durch erhöhte Widerstandsmomente um Längs- und Querachsen des Elementes erreicht wird. Hierdurch ergibt sich auch die Möglichkeit, das Element unter den gegebenen Belastungen und Beanspruchungen aus Kunststoff herzustellen, wodurch die Forderung nach wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten der Fertigung in idealer Weise erfüllbar wird.For the person skilled in the art, it is surprisingly possible for the cold storage element according to the invention for the first time to produce the element in cross-section as an upright rectangle with vertical plastic side walls in an overall length corresponding to the vehicle body, without the eutectic brine filled in when braking or starting up being a hazard generated by extreme static pressure peaks. This is because the static pressure, in particular when the vehicle used is braked sharply, is influenced by the web connecting the side walls in cooperation with the in the longitudinal direction in Spacing arranged transverse walls, wherein the resulting cell-like structure of the entire interior enclosed by the outer jacket, a high degree of mechanical stability is achieved by increased moments of resistance around the longitudinal and transverse axes of the element. This also results in the possibility of producing the element from plastic under the given loads and stresses, which means that the demand for economical manufacturing possibilities can be fulfilled in an ideal manner.

Es ist zwar schon bekannt, gemäß der DE-A-2 627 022 ein Kältespeicherelement aus Kunststoff herzustellen. Dies ist jedoch relativ aufwendig, da es infolge plattenförmiger Ausbildung zum Auffangen statischer Druckspitzen nur in relativ kleinen Einzelelementen ausführbar ist. Zur Verringerung der Beanspruchungen soll daher die Sandwichplatte mit porösem offenporigem Schaum aus Kunststoff gefüllt sein, worin die eutektische Sole enthalten ist. Kältemittel führende Rohrleitungen zum problemlosen Einfrieren sind ebenfalls nicht vorhanden. Das bekannte Kältespeicherelement erfüllt demnach die an einen zügigen Be- und Entladebetrieb bei einem Kühlfahrzeug gestellten Anforderungen in keiner Weise. Seine Speicherkapazität ist wegen des Kunststoffes gering, ebenfalls das interne Wärmeleitvermögen, und seine Handhabung umständlich und arbeitsaufwendig.It is already known to produce a cold storage element from plastic in accordance with DE-A-2 627 022. However, this is relatively expensive since, due to the plate-like design for collecting static pressure peaks, it can only be carried out in relatively small individual elements. To reduce the stresses, the sandwich plate should therefore be filled with porous, open-pore plastic foam, which contains the eutectic brine. There are also no refrigerant piping for easy freezing. The known cold storage element therefore does not meet the requirements placed on rapid loading and unloading operation in a refrigerated vehicle in any way. Its storage capacity is low due to the plastic, also the internal thermal conductivity, and its handling is cumbersome and labor intensive.

Beim Kältespeicherelement nach der Erfindung kann mit Vorteil vorgesehen sein, daß in den Querwänden das Einfüllen der Sole erleichternde Öffnungen vorhanden sind.In the cold storage element according to the invention it can advantageously be provided that there are openings facilitating the filling of the brine in the transverse walls.

Weiter ist es von Vorteil, daß der Kunststoff transparent ist, und damit eine Kontrolle sowohl des Füll- als auch des Einfrierzustandes der Sole ermöglicht.It is also advantageous that the plastic is transparent, and thus enables both the filling and the freezing state of the brine to be checked.

Sehr zweckmäßig können in den Öffnungen der Querwände einfache Rückschlagklappen angeordnet sein, welche eine Verlagerung der Sole bei negativen oder positiven Beschleunigungszuständen des Fahrzeuges verhindern.Simple non-return flaps can be arranged in the openings in the transverse walls, which prevent the brine from being displaced in the event of negative or positive acceleration states of the vehicle.

Die zur Lösung der der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe, die Erfüllung der funktionellen Anforderungen mit wirtschaftlichen Fertigungsmöglichkeiten, verglichen mit dem Stande der Technik, herbeizuführen ergriffene Maßnahme der einstückigen Herstellung ist dabei von erheblichem Vorteil, weil komplizierte und aufwendige Verbindungsmitttel damit überflüssig werden.The measure taken in one piece to achieve the object of the invention, the fulfillment of the functional requirements with economical manufacturing possibilities compared to the state of the art, is of considerable advantage here because complicated and complex connecting means are thus unnecessary.

Weiterhin vorteilhaft kann auf der Oberfläche des Mantels ein die Eisbildung verzögerndes und die Loslösung von Eis erleichterndes Trennmittel wie Silikonöl oder ähnliches aufgetragen sein. Alternativ kann vorteilhaft aber auch die Kunststoffoberfläche in sich eine trennende oder wachsartige Oberfläche (PTFE, PE) aufweisen.A separating agent, such as silicone oil or the like, which retards the formation of ice and facilitates the detachment of ice, can also be advantageously applied to the surface of the jacket. Alternatively, the plastic surface can advantageously also have a separating or wax-like surface (PTFE, PE).

Eine Halterung zur Anbringung der Kältespei- chere)emente weist vorteilhaft Querträger zur Aufnahme der Elemente auf, die im Abstand voneinander regelmäßig angeordnet sein können. Im oder unterhalb des Spaltes zwischen benachbarten Elementen kann eine sich über die Elementlänge erstreckende einstellbare oder thermostatgesteuerte Lamelle angeordnet sein, deren Breite etwa der Spaltbreite entspricht und die zum Ausgleich der auf sie wirkenden Kräfte mittig gelagert sein kann.A holder for attaching the cold storage elements advantageously has cross members for receiving the elements, which can be arranged regularly at a distance from one another. In or below the gap between adjacent elements, an adjustable or thermostatically controlled lamella extending over the element length can be arranged, the width of which corresponds approximately to the gap width and which can be mounted centrally to compensate for the forces acting on it.

Zum Abtauen der Elemente und zur ihrer Verwendung auch im plusgradigen Bereich ist vorzugsweise unterhalb jeden rechteckigen Mantels mit der Halterung eine Rinne zum Auffangen des Abtauwassers angeordnet, deren Öffnung nach oben zeigt und deren Breite die des Mantels übersteigt, wobei innerhalb jeder Rinne zum schnelleren Enteisen der Elemente eine Rohrleitung zum Hindurchleiten von Heizflüssigkeit oder ein elektrischer Heizstab angeordnet sein kann.For defrosting the elements and for their use in the plus range, a gutter for collecting the defrost water is preferably arranged below each rectangular shell with the holder, the opening of which points upwards and the width of which exceeds that of the shell, the faster defrosting within each gutter Elements a pipe for passing heating fluid or an electric heating element can be arranged.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen die

  • Figuren 1a und 1b Kältespeicherelemente in herkömmlicherAusführung und Anordnung,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch nebeneinander angeordnete, erfindungsgemäße Kältespeicherelemente und
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch die fest montierten Kältespeicherelemente mit einem Querträger,
  • Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch die Kältespeicherelemente gemäß der Erfindung.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to drawings. They show
  • Figures 1a and 1b cold storage elements in conventional design and arrangement,
  • 2 shows a section through cold storage elements according to the invention which are arranged next to one another and
  • 3 shows a cross section through the fixed cold storage elements with a cross member,
  • Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section through the cold storage elements according to the invention.

Gemäß den Fig. 1a und 1 b bestehen herkömmliche Kältespeicherelemente aus Platten oder mit gelierter Sole gefüllten Rohren. Gemäß Fig. 3 besteht dagegen das erfindungsgemäße Speicherelement aus einem rechteckigen Mantel 1, welcher mittig einen die beiden Seitenwände 3 verbindenden Längssteg 2 aufweist, so daß eine obere Kammer 5 und eine untere Kammer 6 für die eutektische Sole gebildet wird. Innerhalb der Kammern 5 und 6 verläuft haarnadelartig ein Rohr 4 für das Kältemittel, welches die Sole auf die gewünschte niedrige Temperatur bringt und dabei einfriert.According to FIGS. 1a and 1b, conventional cold storage elements consist of plates or tubes filled with gelled brine. 3, on the other hand, the storage element according to the invention consists of a rectangular jacket 1, which has in the middle a longitudinal web 2 connecting the two side walls 3, so that an upper chamber 5 and a lower chamber 6 are formed for the eutectic brine. Within the chambers 5 and 6, a tube 4 for the refrigerant runs like a hairpin, which brings the brine to the desired low temperature and freezes it.

Im Abstand voneinander sind innerhalb des Mantels 1 mit diesem Querstege 7 angeordnet, in denen jeweils mindestens eine kleine Öffnung 8 vorliegt.At a distance from each other are arranged within the jacket 1 with this crossbars 7, in each of which there is at least one small opening 8.

Die Elemente bestehen aus Kunststoff, nämlich Polyäthylen und ihre Oberfläche ist mit einem Trennmittel, z. B. Silikonöl, versehen. Aufgrund dieses Trennmittels wird das Absetzen von Eis entweder verhindert oder das Eis kann keine feste Verbindung mit der Kunststoffoberfläche eingehen, so daß es durch die Bewegung des Fahrzeuges während des Fahrens von selbst abfällt.The elements are made of plastic, namely polyethylene and their surface is coated with a release agent, e.g. B. silicone oil provided. Because of this release agent, the depositing of ice is either prevented or the ice cannot form a firm connection with the plastic surface, so that it falls off automatically as a result of the movement of the vehicle while driving.

Alternativ können gemäß den Figuren unterhalb der Elemente V-förmige Rinnen 9 angeordnet sein, in denen Heizstäbe 10 verlaufen und deren Öffnungsbreite der nach oben zeigenden Öffnung größer ist, als die Breite der Kältespeicherelemente. Beim Abtauen wird das abfließende Wasser in den Rinnen aufgefangen und abgeleitet, so daß ein Abtauchen auch während des beladenen Zustandes des Fahrzeugaufbaus möglich ist bzw. die Kältespeicherelemente können auch im plusgradigen Bereich angewendet werden, da Kondenswasser über die Rinnen 9 ebenfalls abgeleitet wird und das zu kühlende Gut nicht beeinträchtigen kann.Alternatively, according to the figures, V-shaped channels 9 can be arranged below the elements, in which heating rods 10 run and whose opening width of the opening pointing upwards is greater than the width of the cold storage elements. When defrosting, the draining water is collected and drained off in the channels, so that it can also be submerged during the loaded state of the vehicle body is possible or the cold storage elements can also be used in the plus range, since condensate is also drained off via the channels 9 and cannot impair the goods to be cooled.

Die Kältespeicherelemente sind an fest im Fahrzeugaufbau angeordneten Querträgern 11 gelagert, die einen erheblichen Abstand voneinander aufweisen können, da die Elemente durch die günstige Querschnittsgestaltung besser tragen. Bei kürzeren und kleineren Fahrzeugen genügt es, wenn die Querträger an der Vorder- und Rückwand des Aufbaus vorliegen und dadurch wird eine optimale Nutzung des gekühlten Raumes möglich.The cold storage elements are mounted on cross members 11 which are fixedly arranged in the vehicle body and which can be at a considerable distance from one another, since the elements bear better due to the favorable cross-sectional design. In the case of shorter and smaller vehicles, it is sufficient if the crossbeams are on the front and rear walls of the body and this enables optimal use of the cooled space.

Gemäß den Figuren weisen die Kältespeicherelemente einen Abstand voneinander auf, der ca. ihrer Breite entspricht und im Spalt bzw. unterhalb des Spaltes zwischen zwei benachbarten Elementen ist eine Lamelle 12 angeordnet, die mittig gelagert ist und die aufgrund ihrer Einstellung den zwischen den Elementen durchstreichenden Luftstrom regelt. Die Lamellen 12 können selbsttätig, mechanisch über einen Temperaturbalg ohne weitere Hilfsenergie eingestellt werden, sie können aber auch elektromotorisch thermostatgesteuert einstellbar sein.According to the figures, the cold storage elements are at a distance from one another which corresponds approximately to their width and in the gap or below the gap between two adjacent elements there is a lamella 12 which is mounted in the center and which, due to its setting, controls the air flow passing through the elements regulates. The fins 12 can be set automatically, mechanically via a temperature bellows without any additional auxiliary energy, but they can also be set by a thermostat controlled by an electric motor.

Für den Fachmann überraschend ist es bei den erfindungsgemäßen Kältespeicherelementen erstmals möglich, lange Rechteckmäntel oder -rohre aus Kunststoff zu verwenden, ohne daß die eingefüllte eutektische Sole geliert werden muß, wodurch die Kältespeicherfähigkeit herabgesetzt werden würde. Der statische Druck insbesondere beim scharfen Abbremsen des verwendeten Fahrzeugs wird durch den Längssteg 2 und die Querstege 7 aufgenommen, wobei durch die Bohrungen 8 einmal die Füllung der Elemente ermöglicht wird, zum anderen aber eine Bewegung des Kältemittels soweit unterdrückt wird, daß die Verwendung von rechteckigen Kunststoffmänteln möglich ist.Surprisingly for the person skilled in the art, it is possible for the first time in the cold storage elements according to the invention to use long rectangular sheaths or tubes made of plastic without the filled eutectic brine having to be gelled, as a result of which the cold storage capacity would be reduced. The static pressure, in particular when the vehicle is braked sharply, is absorbed by the longitudinal web 2 and the transverse webs 7, the filling of the elements being made possible by the bores 8, but on the other hand a movement of the refrigerant is suppressed to such an extent that the use of rectangular Plastic jackets is possible.

In den Öffnungen 8 der Querstege 7 können einfache Rückschlagklappen, z. B. aus Kunststoff angeordnet sein, die die Verlagerung der Sole beim Bremsen verhindern, beim Füllen aber die Öffnungen 8 genügend freigeben. Die Rückschlagklappen sind dabei an den Querstegen, in Fahrtrichtung gesehen hinter diesen, angeordnet und schließen sich bei einer Bremsverzögerung des Fahrzeuges unter dem Druck der Sole. Beim Einfüllen der Sole in entgegengesetzter Richtung vermögen sie sich aber aufgrund der Elastizität des verwendeten Kunststoffes zu öffnen.In the openings 8 of the crosspieces 7 simple check valves, for. B. made of plastic, which prevent the displacement of the brine when braking, but free the openings 8 sufficiently when filling. The non-return flaps are arranged on the crossbars, behind them in the direction of travel, and close when the vehicle decelerates under the pressure of the brine. When filling the brine in the opposite direction, however, they can open due to the elasticity of the plastic used.

Claims (10)

1. A cold storage (cryogenic) element in an refrigeration vehicle, comprising a shell of a substantially rectangular configuration, which element contains an eutectic brine adjusted to a specific freezing point for cold storage purposes, in which one or more pipelines, carrying a refrigerant for freezing the brine, extend in a hairpin configuration, wherein said element is formed, in cross-section, as an upright rectangle having vertical side walls, characterized in that the element is longitudinally divided into a pair of compartments (5, 6) of a rectangular cross-section by a web (2) interconnecting the side walls (3) approximately in the center thereof; that for the further partioning of the compartments (5,6), spaced transverse walls (7) are positioned to extend in the longitudinal direction; that the pipeline (4) for the refrigerant passes in hairpin configuration and longitudinally through both compartments (5, 6); and that the shell (1) and the web (2) are formed integrally of plastics material.
2. The cold storage element according to claim 1, characterized in that apertures (8) facilitating the filling of the brine are provided in the transverse walls (7).
3. The cold storage element according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the plastics material is transparent and permits the freezing state of the brine to be monitored.
4. The cold storage element according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that simple check valves are disposed within the apertures of the transverse walls (7), which check valves prevent displacement of the brine under acceleration conditions of the vehicle.
5. The cold storage element according to any one or several of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a parting agent such as silicone oil or the like, which retards the formation of ice and facilitates the separation of ice, is applied to the surface of the shell (1).
6. The cold storage element according to any one or several of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plastic surface has incorporated therein a parting or wax-like surface (PTFE, PE).
7. A mounting assembly for cold storage elements according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elements are supported by transverse beams of the body within the vehicle and regularly spaced from each other, and that an adjustable or thermostat- controlled bar or segment (12) extending across the length of the elements is positioned in or below the gap between adjacent elements with the width of the bar or segment corresponding approximately to the width of the gap.
8. The mounting assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that the bar or segment (12) is centrally mounted (for rotation).
9. The mounting assembly according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that a narrow channel (9) for collecting the defrost water is provided below each rectangular shell (1), with the opening of the channel being directed upwards and with its width exceeding the width of the shell (1), but exposing sufficient air circulation surface area.
10. The mounting assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that interiorly of the channel (9) there is positioned a pipeline for flowing a heating liquid therethrough, or an electrical heater bar (10), for the quick-defrosting of the elements.
EP82102391A 1981-03-26 1982-03-23 Cold storage accumulator with mounting means and air-regulating louvres Expired EP0061697B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82102391T ATE6692T1 (en) 1981-03-26 1982-03-23 COLD ACCUMULATION ELEMENT, BRACKETS AND AIR CONTROL FINS FOR IT.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3111863 1981-03-26
DE3111863A DE3111863C2 (en) 1981-03-26 1981-03-26 Cold storage element
US06/364,355 US4422305A (en) 1981-03-26 1982-04-01 Cold storage element, mounting assembly and air control slats therefor

Publications (2)

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EP0061697A1 EP0061697A1 (en) 1982-10-06
EP0061697B1 true EP0061697B1 (en) 1984-03-14

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EP (1) EP0061697B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3111863C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3111863A1 (en) 1982-12-16
DE3111863C2 (en) 1984-05-10
US4422305A (en) 1983-12-27
EP0061697A1 (en) 1982-10-06

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