DE19644407A1 - Reducing emissions of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Reducing emissions of internal combustion engine

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Publication number
DE19644407A1
DE19644407A1 DE19644407A DE19644407A DE19644407A1 DE 19644407 A1 DE19644407 A1 DE 19644407A1 DE 19644407 A DE19644407 A DE 19644407A DE 19644407 A DE19644407 A DE 19644407A DE 19644407 A1 DE19644407 A1 DE 19644407A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fuel
internal combustion
combustion engine
exhaust
injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19644407A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE19644407C2 (en
Inventor
Guenter Dr Karl
Roland Dipl Ing Kemmler
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Daimler AG
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Daimler Benz AG
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Publication date
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Priority to DE19644407A priority Critical patent/DE19644407C2/en
Publication of DE19644407A1 publication Critical patent/DE19644407A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE19644407C2 publication Critical patent/DE19644407C2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • F01N3/0878—Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/12—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of absorption, adsorption or desorption of exhaust gas constituents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/21—Control of the engine output torque during a transition between engine operation modes or states
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

An injector (9) introduces an additional amount of fuel into at least one cylinder (1) during the exhaust stroke. This takes place after combustion of the fuel-air mixture during the expansion or power stroke. The post-injection takes place with the engine running with an excess of air, so that all cylinders are fed with lean mixture. The amount of excess air is measured and a signal is sent to a control unit (20) in which the amount of fuel for post-injection is calculated.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Emis­ sionen einer Brennkraftmaschine der im Oberbegriff des An­ spruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to a method for reducing the emissions sions of an internal combustion engine in the preamble of the An say 1 specified genus.

In der DE-OS 22 54 895 ist ein Verfahren zur Behandlung von Mo­ torabgasen beschrieben, wobei in den Abgasstrang einer Brenn­ kraftmaschine während des Motor-Anfangsbetriebs stromauf eines ersten Katalysators zusätzlich Brennstoff eingespritzt wird. Durch das Zusetzen einer Kraftstoffmenge in das Abgas unmittel­ bar vor dem vordersten Katalysator wird sichergestellt, daß der Katalysator rascher auf eine Temperatur gebracht wird, die zur Einleitung und Aufrechterhaltung der Oxidation von Kohlen­ monoxid und Kohlenwasserstoffen im Abgas führt.DE-OS 22 54 895 describes a method for the treatment of Mo Torabgasen described, with a burner in the exhaust line Engine upstream of one during initial engine operation fuel is injected in the first catalyst. By adding a quantity of fuel to the exhaust gas immediately bar in front of the front catalytic converter ensures that the Catalyst is brought to a temperature more quickly, which leads to Initiation and maintenance of coal oxidation leads to monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas.

In der DE 43 38 883 A1 ist eine Katalysatoranordnung zur Reduk­ tion von in sauerstoffhaltigen Abgasen enthaltenen Stickoxiden beschrieben. Diese Katalysatoranordnung enthält mehrere in Ab­ gasströmungsrichtung mit Abstand aufeinanderfolgende Katalysa­ toren gleichen Aufbaus, die sowohl reduzierend als auch oxidie­ rend wirken. Mittels einer Dosiereinrichtung, der Signale für die Abgastemperatur zugeführt werden, erfolgt eine Kraftstoff­ zufuhr von Abgas vor dem jeweiligen Katalysator. Diese Anord­ nung ist für das Abgas von Dieselmaschinen oder Ottomaschinen, die mit magerem Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch betrieben werden, vor­ gesehen. DE 43 38 883 A1 describes a catalyst arrangement for reduc tion of nitrogen oxides contained in oxygen-containing exhaust gases described. This catalyst arrangement contains several in Ab gas flow direction with successive catalytic converters gates of the same structure, which are both reducing and oxidizing act. By means of a dosing device, the signals for the exhaust gas temperature is supplied, a fuel takes place supply of exhaust gas upstream of the respective catalytic converter. This arrangement is for the exhaust gas from diesel engines or petrol engines, which are operated with a lean fuel / air mixture seen.  

Die bekannten Anordnungen erfordern einen zusätzlichen Bauauf­ wand, um die zusätzliche Kraftstoffmenge in die Abgasleitung einzubringen und entsprechend zu dosieren.The known arrangements require an additional construction turned to the additional amount of fuel in the exhaust pipe to be introduced and dosed accordingly.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ver­ fahren zur Reduzierung der Emissionen einer Brennkraftmaschine der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung zu schaffen, das bei einem verminderten Bauaufwand sicher durch­ führbar ist.The present invention has for its object a Ver drive to reduce emissions from an internal combustion engine the genus specified in the preamble of claim 1 create that safely with reduced construction costs is feasible.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This task is accomplished by a process with the characteristics of Claim 1 solved.

Direkteinspritzende Ottomotoren können gegenüber solchen mit Saugrohreinspritzung in der Warmlaufphase deutlich magerer be­ trieben werden. Diese Maßnahme senkt die Koh­ lenwasserstoffemission deutlich ab. Zusätzlich zu dieser be­ kannten Maßnahme bietet die vorliegende Erfindung den Vorteil, daß die direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Luftüberschuß betrieben werden kann, wobei der Wert λ < 2 be­ tragen kann. Als besonders bevorzugt wird ein Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine mit Luftüberschuß von λ 1,1 bis 1,4 angese­ hen. Mittels des vorhandenen Injektors wird nach der eigentli­ chen Verbrennung des Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches während des Aus­ laßtaktes in den jeweiligen Zylinder eine definierte Menge Ot­ to-Kraftstoff nachträglich eingespritzt. Dabei ist die Kraft­ stoffmenge so bemessen, daß die nicht verbrannte Luftmasse aufoxidiert werden kann. Der nacheingespritzte Kraftstoff und die unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffe verbrennen mit dem Restsauerstoff in einer exothermen Reaktion. Dies führt zu ei­ ner umgehenden starken Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur, wodurch der Katalysator rasch auf Betriebstemperatur gebracht wird.Directly injecting gasoline engines can with such Intake manifold injection in the warm-up phase be significantly leaner be driven. This measure lowers the Koh hydrogen emissions significantly. In addition to this be known measure, the present invention offers the advantage that the direct injection internal combustion engine with one Excess air can be operated, the value λ <2 be can carry. Operation of the Internal combustion engine with excess air from λ 1.1 to 1.4 angese hen. Using the existing injector, the actual Chen combustion of the air-fuel mixture during the off let a defined amount Ot in the respective cylinder injected to fuel later. Here is the power Measure the amount of substance so that the unburned air mass can be oxidized. The fuel injected and the unburned hydrocarbons burn with the Residual oxygen in an exothermic reaction. This leads to egg ner immediate sharp increase in exhaust gas temperature, whereby the catalyst is quickly brought up to operating temperature.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung ergibt sich eine deutliche Re­ duzierung der Warmlaufemission und zwar durch den Magerbetrieb im Warmlauf, die Sekundärrektionen im Auslaßkanal und das schnelle Anspringen des Katalysators. Da keine zusätzlichen Sy­ steme zur Kraftstoff und/oder Lufteinbringung in der Abgaslei­ tung erforderlich sind, ergibt sich gegenüber den bekannten Sy­ stemen auch ein deutlicher Kostenvorteil. Da bei direktein­ spritzenden Brennkraftmaschinen für jeden Zylinder ein Injektor vorgesehen ist, erfordert es hardwareseitig keinen zusätzlichen Bauaufwand, um die Nacheinspritzung in allen Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine durchzuführen.The present invention results in a clear re Reduction of warm-up emissions and that through lean operation in warm-up, the secondary reactions in the exhaust duct and that quick start of the catalyst. Since no additional sy  systems for introducing fuel and / or air into the exhaust duct device are required, results compared to the known Sy stemen also a clear cost advantage. As with direct spraying internal combustion engines for each cylinder an injector is provided, it does not require any additional hardware Construction effort to post-injection in all cylinders of the Perform internal combustion engine.

Gemäß einer besonderen Weiterbildung des Verfahrens wird aus dem gemessenen λ-Wert ein Signal gebildet, das einer Steuerein­ heit zuführbar ist. In dieser Steuereinheit wird ein Ausgangs­ signal zum Ansteuern des Injektors berechnet, so daß mit Hilfe der Nacheinspritzung lediglich die tatsächlich benötigte Kraft­ stoffmenge eingespritzt wird.According to a special further development of the method the measured λ value formed a signal that a control unit can be supplied. In this control unit there is an output signal to control the injector calculated so that with the help the post-injection only the force actually required amount of substance is injected.

In besonderer Weise eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei Brennkraftmaschinen, die mit einem NOx-Speicherkatalysator ausgerüstet sind. Dabei wird im Betrieb mit λ-Werten < 1 das Abgas einem Speicherkatalysator zugeführt und im Betrieb mit einem Wert λ = 1 eine Abgasklappe geöffnet, so daß das Abgas durch einen den Speicherkatalysator umgehenden Bypass strömt. Während bei den bekannten Anordnungen mit NOx-Spei­ cherkatalysator zum kurzzeitigen Umstellen auf ein fettes oder stöchiometrisches Gemisch üblicherweise eine rasche Ände­ rung des Luft- oder Kraftstoffliefergrades erfolgt, wodurch in der Regel Drehmomentsprünge auftreten, hat die vorliegende Er­ findung den Vorteil, daß die Brennkraftmaschine unabhängig von der zusätzlichen Kraftstoffnacheinspritzung weiterhin mit dem λ-Wert aus dem Kennfeld betrieben wird. Der zum sogenannten Aus­ räumen des Katalysators notwendige Kraftstoff wird durch die Nacheinspritzung dem heißen Abgas im Brennraum zugeführt und verdampft sofort. Auf diese Weise steht dem Speicherkatalysator das zur Regeneration notwendige fette Gemisch ohne Veränderung der Motoreinstellung zur Verfügung.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable in internal combustion engines with a NOx storage catalytic converter are equipped. In operation with λ values <1 this is the Exhaust gas supplied to a storage catalytic converter and in operation with a value λ = 1 opened an exhaust flap so that the exhaust gas flows through a bypass that bypasses the storage catalytic converter. While in the known arrangements with NOx Spei catalyst for a brief changeover to a rich one or stoichiometric mixture usually a rapid change Air or fuel delivery takes place, which in usually torque jumps occur, the present Er Find the advantage that the internal combustion engine regardless of the additional fuel post-injection continues with the λ value is operated from the map. The so-called Aus clearing the catalyst necessary fuel is through the Post-injection to the hot exhaust gas in the combustion chamber and evaporates immediately. In this way, the storage catalytic converter is available the rich mixture necessary for regeneration without change the engine setting available.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung, die eine schematische Darstellung eines Zylinders einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Abgasanlage zeigt, näher er­ läutert.The method according to the invention is based on the Drawing showing a schematic representation of a cylinder  shows an internal combustion engine with an exhaust system, closer purifies.

In der einzigen Zeichnungsfigur ist ein Teil einer Brenn­ kraftmaschine gezeigt mit einem Zylinder 1, in dem ein Brenn­ raum 2 gebildet ist, der von einem Zylinderkopf 3 und einem in dem Zylinder 1 geführten Kolben 4 begrenzt ist. In dem Zylin­ derkopf 3 befindet sich ein Einlaßkanal 5 mit einem steuerbaren Einlaßventil 7 sowie ein Auslaßkanal 6 mit einem steuerbaren Auslaßventil 8. In dem Zylinderkopf 3 ist außerdem ein Injektor 9 angeordnet, der an eine Kraftstoffleitung 10 angeschlossen ist und zum Einspritzen des Kraftstoffs in den Brennraum 2 dient. Der Injektor 9 wird von einer Steuereinheit 20 angesteu­ ert, um die jeweils benötigte Kraftstoffmenge in den Brennraum 2 einzuspritzen.In the single drawing figure, part of an internal combustion engine is shown with a cylinder 1 , in which a combustion chamber 2 is formed, which is limited by a cylinder head 3 and a piston 4 guided in the cylinder 1 . In the Zylin derkopf 3 there is an inlet channel 5 with a controllable inlet valve 7 and an outlet channel 6 with a controllable outlet valve 8 . In addition, an injector 9 is arranged in the cylinder head 3 , which is connected to a fuel line 10 and serves to inject the fuel into the combustion chamber 2 . The injector 9 is actuated by a control unit 20 in order to inject the required amount of fuel into the combustion chamber 2 .

An den Auslaßkanal 6 ist eine Abgasleitung 12 angeschlossen, wobei am Beginn der Abgasleitung 12, das heißt unmittelbar nach einem am Zylinderkopf 3 angeflanschten Abgaskrümmer, eine Lambda-Sonde 11 angeordnet ist, die ein dem jeweiligen Meßwert entsprechendes Signal an die Steuereinheit 20 liefert. Die Ab­ gasleitung 12 umfaßt einen Leitungsabschnitt 12*, in dem eine mittels eines Antriebs 19 bewegbare Abgasklappe 18 angeordnet ist. An den Leitungsabschnitt 12* schließen sich zwei parallele Zweigleitungen 12' und 12'' an, wobei in jeder der Zweigleitun­ gen 12', 12'' ein Drei-Wege-Katalysator 15 bzw. 16 angeordnet ist. In einem sich an die Zweigleitungen 12', 12'' an­ schließenden gemeinsamen Endabschnitt 12''' ist eine Füh­ rungssonde 17 angeordnet, die ein entsprechendes Signal der Steuereinheit 20 zuführt. Die Abgasleitung 12 umfaßt außerdem einen Leitungsabschnitt 13, der vor dem Leitungsabschnitt 12* abzweigt und stromab der Abgasklappe 18 vor der Verzweigung der Zweigleitungen 12' und 12'' wieder in die Abgasleitung 12 mün­ det. In dem Leitungsabschnitt 13 ist ein NOx-Speicherkatalysator 14 vorgesehen. An exhaust pipe 12 is connected to the exhaust duct 6 , a lambda probe 11 being arranged at the beginning of the exhaust pipe 12 , that is to say immediately after an exhaust manifold flanged to the cylinder head 3 , which delivers a signal corresponding to the respective measured value to the control unit 20 . From the gas line 12 comprises a line section 12 *, in which a movable by means of a drive 19 exhaust valve 18 is arranged. The line section 12 * is followed by two parallel branch lines 12 'and 12 '', a three-way catalytic converter 15 and 16 being arranged in each of the branch lines 12 ', 12 ''. In a connecting to the branch lines 12 ', 12 ''at the common end section 12 ''', a guide probe 17 is arranged, which supplies a corresponding signal to the control unit 20 . The exhaust line 12 also includes a line section 13 which branches off in front of the line section 12 * and downstream of the exhaust flap 18 before branching the branch lines 12 'and 12 ''again into the exhaust line 12 . A NOx storage catalytic converter 14 is provided in the line section 13 .

Das Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Emissionen der Brenn­ kraftmaschine wird im wesentlichen in Abhängigkeit der mittels der λ-Sonde 11 und der Führungssonde 17 erfaßten Luft- bzw. Ab­ gaswerte in Verbindung mit einem in dem steuergerät 20 abgeleg­ ten Kennfeld betrieben. Liegt der an der λ-Sonde 11 gemessene Wert für λ < 1, so erzeugt das steuergerät 20 ein Signal, durch das der Antrieb 19 die Abgasklappe 18 in die Schließstellung bringt. Dadurch ist der als Bypass zu dem NOx-Speicherkatalysator 14 wirkende Leitungsabschnitt 12* geschlossen und das gesamte Abgasvolumen wird durch den Leitungsabschnitt 13 und somit den Speicherkatalysator 14 geleitet. Da in diesem Betriebsfall ein Luftüberschuß im Abgas vorhanden ist, wird der Injektor 9 von der Steuereinheit 20 derart angesteuert, daß im Auslaßhub des Kolbens 4 in den Brennraum 2 des Zylinders 1 eine Kraftstoff­ menge, deren Dosierung in der Steuereinheit 20 berechnet wird, eingespritzt wird, wodurch die unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffe mit dem Restsauerstoff in einer exothermen Reaktion verbrennen. Dadurch erhöht sich die Abgastemperatur unmittelbar sehr stark, so daß sich der Katalysator rasch auf die Betriebstemperatur erwärmt. Bei einer Betriebsweise des Motors mit λ-Werten = 1, das entspricht der Teillast im oberen Bereich bzw. der Vollast, wird durch ein von der Steuereinheit 20 erzeugtes Signal der Antrieb 19 derart angesteuert, daß ein vollständiges öffnen der Abgasklappe 18 erfolgt. Somit strömt das Abgasvolumen durch den als Bypass dienenden Leitungsabschnitt 12* unmittelbar zu den in den Zweigleitungen 12' und 12'' angeordneten Drei-Wege-Ka­ talysatoren 15 und 16. Da in dieser Betriebsweise der Brenn­ kraftmaschine sehr heißes Abgas den Brennraum verläßt und durch den Leitungsabschnitt 12* das Abgas unmittelbar den Drei-Wege-Ka­ talysatoren 15 und 16 zugeleitet wird, liegt der Speicherka­ talysator 14 nicht im Abgasstrom und wird auf diese Weise vor extremen hohen Temperaturen geschützt.The method for reducing the emissions of the internal combustion engine is operated essentially as a function of the air or exhaust gas values detected by means of the λ probe 11 and the guide probe 17 in conjunction with a map stored in the control unit 20. If the value for λ <1 measured on the λ probe 11 , the control unit 20 generates a signal by which the drive 19 brings the exhaust flap 18 into the closed position. As a result, the line section 12 * acting as a bypass to the NOx storage catalytic converter 14 is closed and the entire exhaust gas volume is passed through the line section 13 and thus the storage catalytic converter 14 . Since there is an excess of air in the exhaust gas in this operating case, the injector 9 is controlled by the control unit 20 such that a quantity of fuel, the metering of which is calculated in the control unit 20 , is injected into the exhaust stroke of the piston 4 in the combustion chamber 2 of the cylinder 1 , causing the unburned hydrocarbons to burn with the residual oxygen in an exothermic reaction. As a result, the exhaust gas temperature increases very rapidly, so that the catalytic converter warms up quickly to the operating temperature. When the engine is operating with λ values = 1, which corresponds to the partial load in the upper range or the full load, the drive 19 is controlled by a signal generated by the control unit 20 such that the exhaust flap 18 is completely opened. The exhaust gas volume thus flows through the line section 12 * serving as a bypass directly to the three-way catalytic converters 15 and 16 arranged in the branch lines 12 ′ and 12 ″. Since in this mode of operation of the internal combustion engine very hot exhaust gas leaves the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas is fed directly to the three-way catalytic converters 15 and 16 through the line section 12 *, the storage catalyst 14 is not in the exhaust gas flow and is in this way from extreme protected from high temperatures.

Wie aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung deutlich wird, betrifft das Verfahren nicht nur die Start- und Warmlaufphase der Brenn­ kraftmaschine, obwohl ein wesentlicher Vorteil in der Emissi­ onsreduzierung speziell in der Startphase zu sehen ist. Bei Verwendung eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators ist es jedoch notwen­ dig, in Abhängigkeit der Betriebszustände, nämlich im Magerbe­ trieb, dem Speicherkatalysator kurzzeitig fette Kraftstoff- Luft-Verhältnisse zuzuführen. Dies wird bei der Erfindung durch die Direkteinspritzung in den Zylinder innerhalb des Auslaßhubs durch eine zweite, nämlich die Nacheinspritzung erreicht. Da­ durch ist es möglich, das Verbrennungsluftverhältnis unverän­ dert zu lassen, so daß keine Momentensprünge an der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine auftreten.As is clear from the above description, concerns the process not only the start and warm-up phase of the burning engine, although a major advantage in the Emissi ons reduction can be seen especially in the start-up phase. At  However, it is necessary to use a NOx storage catalytic converter dig, depending on the operating conditions, namely in the lean area drove the storage catalytic converter briefly rich fuel To supply air conditions. This is achieved with the invention direct injection into the cylinder within the exhaust stroke achieved by a second, namely the post-injection. There it is possible to keep the combustion air ratio unchanged to leave so that no torque jumps on the crankshaft the internal combustion engine occur.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wäre auch die Anordnung einer zweiten Klappe 18a im Leitungsstrang 13 denkbar.Within the scope of the invention, the arrangement of a second flap 18 a in the wiring harness 13 would also be conceivable.

Schließlich wäre auch ein Abgassystem ohne jegliche Klappe vor­ stellbar, sofern ein temperaturfester NOx-Speicherkatalysator eingesetzt wurde.After all, there would also be an exhaust system without any flap adjustable, provided a temperature-resistant NOx storage catalytic converter was used.

Claims (5)

1. Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Emissionen einer mit minde­ stens einem Drei-Wege-Katalysator (15, 16) ausgerüsteten Brenn­ kraftmaschine durch Zugabe von Kraftstoff in die Verbrennungs­ abgase, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der Verbrennung des Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisches während des Auslaßtaktes eine zusätzliche Kraftstoffmenge mittels eines Injektors (9) in mindestens einen Zylinder (1) nachträglich eingespritzt wird.1. A method for reducing the emissions of at least a three-way catalyst ( 15 , 16 ) equipped internal combustion engine by adding fuel to the combustion gases, characterized in that after the combustion of the fuel / air mixture during the exhaust stroke an additional quantity of fuel is subsequently injected into at least one cylinder ( 1 ) by means of an injector ( 9 ). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nacheinspritzung bei Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine mit Luftüberschuß, das heißt λ < 1, erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Post-injection when operating the internal combustion engine with Air excess, that is λ <1, takes place. 3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nacheinspritzung in allen Zylindern (1) der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the post-injection takes place in all cylinders ( 1 ) of the internal combustion engine. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der λ-Wert gemessen und daraus ein Signal gebildet wird, das einer Steuereinheit (20) zuführbar ist, in der die Kraft­ stoffmenge für die Nacheinspritzung berechnet wird.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the λ value is measured and a signal is formed therefrom, which can be fed to a control unit ( 20 ) in which the amount of fuel is calculated for the post-injection. 5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Betrieb mit λ-Werten < 1 das Abgas einem Speicherkata­ lysator (14) zugeführt und im Betrieb mit einem Wert λ = 1 eine Abgasklappe (18) geöffnet wird, so daß das Abgas durch einen den Speicherkatalysator (14) umgebenden Bypass (Leitungsabschnitt 12*) strömt.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in operation with λ values <1, the exhaust gas is supplied to a storage catalyst ( 14 ) and in operation with a value λ = 1, an exhaust flap ( 18 ) is opened, so that the Exhaust gas flows through a bypass (line section 12 *) surrounding the storage catalytic converter ( 14 ).
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DE19849112A1 (en) * 1998-10-24 2000-01-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Direct injection two-stroke Otto engine
DE19930086A1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine
WO2001006106A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for desulfating a nox accumulator catalyst
FR2796984A1 (en) * 1999-07-28 2001-02-02 Renault In-line exhaust gas treatment system for diesel or lean burn petrol engines has trap absorbing and releasing nitrogen oxides under specified conditions
DE19959605A1 (en) * 1999-12-10 2001-06-13 Volkswagen Ag Device and method for NOx and / or SOx regeneration of a NOx storage catalytic converter
DE19963932A1 (en) * 1999-12-31 2001-07-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle
DE10006609A1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle
DE19960145A1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2001-09-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Heating process for a catalytic converter of a Otto lean-burn engine with direct injection
EP1178197A2 (en) * 1999-05-07 2002-02-06 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust emission control device of internal combustion engine
EP1245817A3 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-01-02 Mazda Motor Corporation Apparatus for and method of purifying exhaust gas and method of injecting fuel for diesel engine
FR2831077A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-04-25 Daimler Chrysler Ag Purifying internal combustion engine exhaust gases, where triple effect, NOx storage and RCS catalyzers are in series and the NOx storage catalyzer can be bypassed when its temperature rises
EP1132585A3 (en) * 2000-03-08 2003-05-07 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Emission control system
DE10158333A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine
EP1193383A3 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-24 Mazda Motor Corporation Engine fuel control apparatus, method and computer program product
DE19948073B4 (en) * 1998-10-06 2004-04-08 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama Exhaust gas purification device and method for an internal combustion engine
EP1420150A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-05-19 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust gas purifying equipment for a diesel engine
EP1422393A1 (en) * 2002-11-23 2004-05-26 Adam Opel Ag Method for reducing emissions of spark ignition internal combustion engines
DE10139992B4 (en) * 2001-08-16 2006-04-27 Daimlerchrysler Ag Method for controlling the mixture composition for a gasoline engine with NOx storage catalyst during a regeneration phase
EP1744022A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-17 Ford Global Technologies, LLC Reduction of lubricating oil dilution
FR2910063A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-20 Renault Sas Fuel injecting method for diesel/petrol cycle internal combustion engine, involves limiting or reducing generation of force to piston by main and secondary injections, where secondary injections are implemented during engine cycles
EP2055909A1 (en) 2007-10-31 2009-05-06 Robert Bosch GmbH Method for operating a combustion engine with low emission of pollutants and corresponding combustion engine
DE10001837B4 (en) * 1999-06-10 2009-09-03 Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Control for an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine
DE10045548B4 (en) * 1999-10-14 2010-08-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi Exhaust gas temperature raising device and method for an internal combustion engine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19948073B4 (en) * 1998-10-06 2004-04-08 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama Exhaust gas purification device and method for an internal combustion engine
DE19849112A1 (en) * 1998-10-24 2000-01-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Direct injection two-stroke Otto engine
EP1178197A2 (en) * 1999-05-07 2002-02-06 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust emission control device of internal combustion engine
EP1178197A4 (en) * 1999-05-07 2009-08-26 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Exhaust emission control device of internal combustion engine
DE10001837B4 (en) * 1999-06-10 2009-09-03 Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Control for an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine
DE19930086A1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine
DE19930086B4 (en) * 1999-06-30 2004-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating an internal combustion engine
WO2001006106A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for desulfating a nox accumulator catalyst
FR2796984A1 (en) * 1999-07-28 2001-02-02 Renault In-line exhaust gas treatment system for diesel or lean burn petrol engines has trap absorbing and releasing nitrogen oxides under specified conditions
DE10045548B4 (en) * 1999-10-14 2010-08-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi Exhaust gas temperature raising device and method for an internal combustion engine
DE19959605A1 (en) * 1999-12-10 2001-06-13 Volkswagen Ag Device and method for NOx and / or SOx regeneration of a NOx storage catalytic converter
DE19960145A1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2001-09-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Heating process for a catalytic converter of a Otto lean-burn engine with direct injection
DE19963932A1 (en) * 1999-12-31 2001-07-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle
DE10006609A1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle
EP1132585A3 (en) * 2000-03-08 2003-05-07 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Emission control system
EP1193383A3 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-24 Mazda Motor Corporation Engine fuel control apparatus, method and computer program product
EP1245817A3 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-01-02 Mazda Motor Corporation Apparatus for and method of purifying exhaust gas and method of injecting fuel for diesel engine
DE10139992B4 (en) * 2001-08-16 2006-04-27 Daimlerchrysler Ag Method for controlling the mixture composition for a gasoline engine with NOx storage catalyst during a regeneration phase
FR2831077A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-04-25 Daimler Chrysler Ag Purifying internal combustion engine exhaust gases, where triple effect, NOx storage and RCS catalyzers are in series and the NOx storage catalyzer can be bypassed when its temperature rises
DE10158333A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for operating an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine
EP1420150A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-05-19 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust gas purifying equipment for a diesel engine
EP1422393A1 (en) * 2002-11-23 2004-05-26 Adam Opel Ag Method for reducing emissions of spark ignition internal combustion engines
DE10254696A1 (en) * 2002-11-23 2004-06-03 Adam Opel Ag Process for reducing the emission of gasoline engines
EP1744022A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-17 Ford Global Technologies, LLC Reduction of lubricating oil dilution
FR2910063A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-20 Renault Sas Fuel injecting method for diesel/petrol cycle internal combustion engine, involves limiting or reducing generation of force to piston by main and secondary injections, where secondary injections are implemented during engine cycles
EP2055909A1 (en) 2007-10-31 2009-05-06 Robert Bosch GmbH Method for operating a combustion engine with low emission of pollutants and corresponding combustion engine

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