DE1751473C3 - Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
DE1751473C3
DE1751473C3 DE1751473A DE1751473A DE1751473C3 DE 1751473 C3 DE1751473 C3 DE 1751473C3 DE 1751473 A DE1751473 A DE 1751473A DE 1751473 A DE1751473 A DE 1751473A DE 1751473 C3 DE1751473 C3 DE 1751473C3
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
piston internal
stroke piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1751473A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE1751473A1 (en
Inventor
Franz Dr. 5070 Bergisch Gladbach Pischinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Original Assignee
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG filed Critical Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority to DE1751473A priority Critical patent/DE1751473C3/en
Priority to FR6913875A priority patent/FR2010506A1/fr
Priority to GB28060/69A priority patent/GB1275624A/en
Priority to US830386A priority patent/US3583375A/en
Publication of DE1751473A1 publication Critical patent/DE1751473A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE1751473C3 publication Critical patent/DE1751473C3/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
    • F02B47/08—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only the substances including exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
    • F02M26/20—Feeding recirculated exhaust gases directly into the combustion chambers or into the intake runners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe, bei der durch einen gegen Ende des Saughubes durch nochmaliges öffnen des Auslaßventils freigegebenen Querschnitt hindurch Abgas der Verbrennungsluft beigemischt wird, wobei ein die Menge des beizumischcnden Abgases regelndes Organ vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a four-stroke piston internal combustion engine with a fuel injection pump, in which by one again towards the end of the suction stroke opening the exhaust valve released cross section through exhaust gas of the combustion air is mixed in, the amount of the to be mixed in Exhaust gas regulating organ is provided.

Beim Betrieb von luf t verdien tenderi Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen mit Kraftstoffen niedriger Cetanzahl oder mit Normalkraftstoffcn bei abnorm niedrigem Verdichtungsverhältnis treten insbesondere im Teillastgebiet wegen des dort herrschenden niedrigen Temperaturniveaus bekanntlich Zündschwierigkeiten auf. Es ist bekannt, diesen Schwierigkeiten durch Beimischung von Maschinenabgasen zur angesaugten Verbrennungsluft zu begegnen. Die hierdurch erzielte günstige Wirkung gliedert sich in zwei Komponenten auf. Einmal von Vorteil ist die durch die zurückgeführten Abgase erzielte Temperaturerhöhung im Zylinder. Außerdem aber lösen die Abgasbestandteile noch günstige reaktionskinetische Wirkungen aus.When operating air-deserving four-stroke piston internal combustion engines with fuels with a low cetane number or with normal fuels with an abnormally low compression ratio occur in particular as is well known in the partial load area because of the low temperature level there Ignition difficulties. It is known that these difficulties are caused by the admixture of engine exhaust gases to counter the sucked in combustion air. The beneficial effect achieved in this way is structured in two components. One advantage is that achieved by the recirculated exhaust gases Increase in temperature in the cylinder. In addition, however, the exhaust gas components also solve favorable reaction kinetics Effects.

Durch die USA.-Patentschrift 1 833 802 ist eine Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine der eingangs beschriebenen Art bekannt.US Pat. No. 1,833,802 describes a four-stroke piston internal combustion engine as described at the outset Kind known.

Um den Sauerstoffgehalt der Zylinderladung bei Vollast und letztlich die Leistungsausbeute nicht zu beeinträchtigen, ist es erforderlich, die Beimischung von Abgas zur Verbrennungsluft, wie an sich bekannt, last- und/oder drehzahlabhängig zu steuern, und zwar so, daß bei kleinerer Belastung mehr und bei Vollast sehr wenig oder überhaupt nichts beigemischt wird, wobei entweder der Zuströmquerschnitt für das Abgas oder der das Druckgefälle erzeugende Drosselquerschnitt gesteuert werden können, letzterer, wie an sich ebenfalls bekannt, beispielsweise uiittels einer Klappe.Not to reduce the oxygen content of the cylinder charge at full load and ultimately the power output affect, it is necessary to limit the admixture of exhaust gas to the combustion air, as is known per se, to control load and / or speed dependent, in such a way that with smaller load and more very little or nothing at all is added at full load, either the inflow cross-section for the exhaust gas or the throttle cross-section generating the pressure gradient can be controlled, the latter, as is also known per se, for example by means of a flap.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit einfachen Mitteln eine betriebssichere Vorrichtung zu schaffen, durch die die Beimischung von Abgas zur Verbrennungsluft in direkter Abhängigkeit von der jeweils je Zeiteinheit eingespritzten Brennstoffmenge erfolgtThe invention is based on the object of providing an operationally reliable device using simple means create through which the admixture of exhaust gas to the combustion air is directly dependent on the The amount of fuel injected per unit of time takes place

Sie wird bei einer Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine der eingangs beschriebenen Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Kraflstoffeinspritzpumpe ein zusätzliches Pumpenelement aufweist, dessen in gleichem Sinne wie die in jeden Arbeitszylinder eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge sich ändernde Fördermenge zur Betätigung des die Menge des beizumischenden Abgases regelnden Organs ausgenutzt wird.It is according to the invention in a four-stroke piston internal combustion engine of the type described at the outset solved in that the fuel injection pump has an additional pump element, its in the same sense as that in each working cylinder injected fuel amount changing delivery rate to actuate the amount of the admixture Exhaust gas regulating organ is exploited.

Es empfiehlt sich gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, die Bewegungen des die Menge des beizumischenden Abgases regelnden Organs vorzugsweise hydraulisch so weit zu dämpfen, daß jeweils zwischen zwei Hüben des Pumpenelements kein oder kein nennenswertes Rückstellen des Organs erfolgt.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is advisable to dampen the movements of the organ regulating the amount of exhaust gas to be admixed, preferably hydraulically, to such an extent that there is no or no significant resetting of the organ between two strokes of the pump element.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing.

A b b. 1 veranschaulicht an Hand eines Schaulinienbildes den Steuerungsverlauf einer Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine, bei der das der Verbrennungsluft beizumischende Abgas durch das Auslaßventil eines jeden Zylinders zurückgeführt wird;A b b. 1 illustrates the control sequence of a four-stroke piston internal combustion engine using a visual line diagram, in which the exhaust gas to be admixed with the combustion air is returned through the exhaust valve of each cylinder will;

A b b. 2 zeigt schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Drosselklappe in dT Auspuffleitung und eine Einrichtung zur lastabhängigen Verstellung dieser Drossel.A b b. 2 schematically shows an internal combustion engine according to the invention with a throttle valve in dT Exhaust pipe and a device for load-dependent adjustment of this throttle.

A b b. 1 zeigt die Ventilerhebungskurven einer Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine, in deren Auspuffleitung die Abgase vor einer Drosselklappe gestaut werden. Die kurz vor I1T., also kurz vor Beendigung des Krafthubes ihren Anfang nehmende normale Auslaßventilerhebungskurve ist mit α und diejenige des Einlaßventils mit b bezeichnet. Dabei öffnet nun das wie üblich kurz nach U. T., d. h. nach Beginn des Ansaughubes schließende Auslaßventil kurz vor U. T., d. h. kurz vor Beendigung des Saughubes ein zweites Mal nach der Kurve c, so daß ein Teil des in der Auspuffleitung gestauten Abgases in den Arbeitszylinder zurückströmt. Die zurückströmende Menge ist abhängig von der Hone des Staudruckes und dem Ausmaß des freigegebenen Zeilquerschiiittes. A b b. 1 shows the valve lift curves of a four-stroke piston internal combustion engine, in the exhaust line of which the exhaust gases are accumulated in front of a throttle valve. The normal exhaust valve lift curve that begins shortly before I 1 T., that is to say shortly before the end of the power stroke, is denoted by α and that of the intake valve is denoted by b . The exhaust valve, which closes shortly after BDC as usual, ie shortly before BDC, ie shortly before the end of the intake stroke, opens a second time after curve c, so that part of the exhaust gas accumulated in the exhaust pipe flows back into the working cylinder. The amount flowing back depends on the level of the dynamic pressure and the extent of the cross-section of the cell released.

In A b b. 2 sind die dreizylindrige Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit 13, deren über eine Hilfswelle 14 angetriebene KraftstoffeinEpritzpu.Tipe mit 15 und die Auspuffleitung mit 16 bezeichnet. In letzterer ist eine Drosselklappe 17 angeordnet, deren Verstellung lastabhängig erfolgt. Ein Teil des vor dieser Drosselklappe 17 gestauten Abgases wird, wie hier nicht dargestellt, durch das gegen Ende des Ansaughubes noch einmal kurz öffnende Auslaßventil bzw. Auslaßventile in die Zylinder zurückgeschoben. Die lastabhängige Verstellung der Drosselklappe 17 erfolgt auf folgende Weise: An der Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe 15 ist ein viertes Pumpenelement vorgesehen, das über eine Leitung 18 in den Arbeitsraum 19 eines durch eine Feder 20 belasteten Kolbens 21 fördert. An den Arbeitsraum 19 dieses Kolbens ist eine durch eine Drossel 22 beherrschte, zur Saugseite der Kraftstoffeinspr;j7pumpe 15 zurückführende Leitung 23 angeschlossen, in die auch hinter der Drossel 22 die Entlastungsleitung 24 der Federkammer des KolbensIn A b b. 2 are the three-cylinder four-stroke piston internal combustion engine with 13, whose fuel injection pump tube is driven via an auxiliary shaft 14 denoted by 15 and the exhaust line by 16. In the latter, a throttle valve 17 is arranged, the Adjustment takes place depending on the load. A part of the exhaust gas accumulated in front of this throttle valve 17 is how not shown here, due to the exhaust valve opening again briefly towards the end of the intake stroke or exhaust valves pushed back into the cylinders. The load-dependent adjustment of the throttle valve 17 takes place in the following way: A fourth pump element is provided on the fuel injection pump 15, which conveys via a line 18 into the working space 19 of a piston 21 loaded by a spring 20. At the working chamber 19 of this piston is a controlled by a throttle 22, to the suction side of the fuel injection pump 15 returning line 23 connected, in which behind the throttle 22 the Relief line 24 of the spring chamber of the piston

21 mündet. Über eine Stange 25, ein Gelenk 26 und einen Hebel27 verstellt der Kolben21 proportional den Änderungen der Fördermenge des vierten Pumpenelementes und damit auch proportional den Ände- 27 an rungen der eigentlichen Einspritzpumpenelemente die 5 ^ng 2».21 opens. Via a rod 25, a joint 26 and a Hebel27 the Kolben21 adjusted in proportion to changes in the flow rate of the fourth pump element and thus proportional to the amendments to 27 stakes to the actual injection pump elements 5 ^ ng 2 ".

^sST^ HüLTdeT Bei/ verhindert durch eine am Hebel hydraulische Dämpfungseinnch-^ sST ^ HüLTdeT With / prevented by a hydraulic damping mechanism on the lever

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings

Claims (2)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe, bei der durch einen gegen Ende des Saughubes durch nochmaliges öffnen des Auslaßventils freigegebenen Querschnitt hindurch Abgas der Verbrennungsluft beigemischt wird, wobei ein die Menge des beizumischenden Abgases regelndes Organ vorgesehen xo ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe (15) ein zusätzliches Pumpenelement aufweist, dessen in gleichem Sinne wie die in jeden Arbeitszylinder eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge sich ändernde Fördermenge zur Betätigung des die Menge des beizumischenden Abgases regelnden Organs (17) ausgenutzt wird.1. Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine with fuel injection pump, in which by a towards the end of the suction stroke by opening the outlet valve again through exhaust gas is admixed with the combustion air, with the amount of to be admixed Exhaust gas regulating organ is provided xo, characterized in that the fuel injection pump (15) has an additional Has pump element, which is injected in the same sense as that in each working cylinder Fuel quantity changing delivery rate to actuate the amount of the to be mixed Exhaust gas regulating member (17) is used. 2. Viertakt-Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegungen des die Menge des beizumischenden Abgases regelnden Organs (17) vorzugsweise hydraulisch so weit gedämpft sind, daß jeweils zwischen zwei Hüben des Pumpenelements kein oder kein nennenswertes Rückstellen des Organs (17) erfolgt.2. Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the Movements of the member (17) regulating the amount of exhaust gas to be admixed are preferably hydraulic are damped so far that no or between two strokes of the pump element the organ (17) has not been significantly reset.
DE1751473A 1968-06-05 1968-06-05 Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine Expired DE1751473C3 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1751473A DE1751473C3 (en) 1968-06-05 1968-06-05 Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine
FR6913875A FR2010506A1 (en) 1968-06-05 1969-04-30
GB28060/69A GB1275624A (en) 1968-06-05 1969-06-03 Air-compressing four-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engines
US830386A US3583375A (en) 1968-06-05 1969-06-04 Air compression four-cycle piston combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1751473A DE1751473C3 (en) 1968-06-05 1968-06-05 Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1751473A1 DE1751473A1 (en) 1970-10-22
DE1751473C3 true DE1751473C3 (en) 1974-04-25

Family

ID=5692317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1751473A Expired DE1751473C3 (en) 1968-06-05 1968-06-05 Four-stroke piston internal combustion engine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3583375A (en)
DE (1) DE1751473C3 (en)
FR (1) FR2010506A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1275624A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015110558B4 (en) 2015-07-01 2022-10-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft internal combustion engine

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US3702111A (en) * 1970-02-19 1972-11-07 John Harold Weaving Atmospheric pollution control arrangement for internal combustion engine
GB1321452A (en) * 1970-02-19 1973-06-27 British Leyland Motor Corp Atmospheric pollution control arrangement for internal combustion engine
US3799130A (en) * 1971-06-21 1974-03-26 K Dahlstrom Internal combustion engine
JPS4848832A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-07-10
US3875914A (en) * 1973-01-11 1975-04-08 Tony R Villella Internal combustion engine
US3905344A (en) * 1973-04-23 1975-09-16 Tony R Villella Internal combustion engine
DE2321970C2 (en) * 1973-05-02 1985-09-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine
US4043304A (en) * 1973-05-02 1977-08-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection system for self-igniting internal combustion engines
US4108119A (en) * 1977-01-19 1978-08-22 Mcwhorter Edward Milton Bottom cycle manifold for four-stroke internal combustion engines
US4191150A (en) * 1978-03-20 1980-03-04 General Motors Corporation Engine with selective venting of unburned mixture from the piston crevice volume
FR2448032A1 (en) * 1979-02-05 1980-08-29 Semt PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ESPECIALLY SUPERCHARGED
US4344405A (en) * 1980-12-22 1982-08-17 Zaharis Edward J Internal combustion engine
US4393853A (en) * 1981-08-06 1983-07-19 Research Corporation Exhaust gas recirculation type internal combustion engines and method of operating same
JPS5918230A (en) * 1982-07-21 1984-01-30 Kanesaka Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Compression ignition engine provided with low compression ratio turbo-supercharger
AT402432B (en) * 1988-02-25 1997-05-26 Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE4203365C1 (en) * 1992-02-06 1993-02-11 Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De
EP2746553B1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2016-04-20 Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH Unburned fuel venting in internal combustion engines
US9694671B2 (en) * 2013-12-05 2017-07-04 Oshkosh Corporation Fuel system for a vehicle
US11042745B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2021-06-22 Oshkosh Corporation Refuse vehicle control system
FR3115167A1 (en) 2020-10-14 2022-04-15 Nidec Psa Emotors Rotating electric machine rotor

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US1329811A (en) * 1918-07-17 1920-02-03 John W Smith Internal-combustion engine
US1833802A (en) * 1926-08-17 1931-11-24 Violet Marcel Achille Explosion engine
US1825817A (en) * 1926-11-15 1931-10-06 Walker Brooks Stratifying arrangement for internal combustion engines

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015110558B4 (en) 2015-07-01 2022-10-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1751473A1 (en) 1970-10-22
US3583375A (en) 1971-06-08
FR2010506A1 (en) 1970-02-20
GB1275624A (en) 1972-05-24

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C3 Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication)
E77 Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977
EHJ Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee