DE1670817B2 - Quinoxalylphosphoric, phosphonic or thionophosphoric (phosphonic) acid esters, process for their preparation and their use - Google Patents
Quinoxalylphosphoric, phosphonic or thionophosphoric (phosphonic) acid esters, process for their preparation and their useInfo
- Publication number
- DE1670817B2 DE1670817B2 DE19671670817 DE1670817A DE1670817B2 DE 1670817 B2 DE1670817 B2 DE 1670817B2 DE 19671670817 DE19671670817 DE 19671670817 DE 1670817 A DE1670817 A DE 1670817A DE 1670817 B2 DE1670817 B2 DE 1670817B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- phosphonic
- acid esters
- thionophosphoric
- quinoxalylphosphoric
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 sulfur 6-hydroxyquinoxaline Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- RQPVXTQTNVVKEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxalin-6-ol Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 RQPVXTQTNVVKEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241001454295 Tetranychidae Species 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical group CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLKFDRWBZAALPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-nitroquinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C21 YLKFDRWBZAALPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006193 diazotization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFBUDXNMBTUSOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dithione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=S)C(=S)NC2=C1 YFBUDXNMBTUSOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical class CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVOZYARDXPHRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-diaminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1N OVOZYARDXPHRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl ethyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ILRHGKSQOWBYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-ethoxy-ethyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCOP(Cl)(=S)CC ILRHGKSQOWBYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008422 chlorobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)OCC UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HGELWZQRZUOEOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCP(O)(O)=S HGELWZQRZUOEOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003580 thiophosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/645—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6509—Six-membered rings
- C07F9/650952—Six-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in the positions 1 and 4
- C07F9/650994—Six-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in the positions 1 and 4 condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having alternatively specified atoms bound to the phosphorus atom and not covered by a single one of groups A01N57/10, A01N57/18, A01N57/26, A01N57/34
- A01N57/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having alternatively specified atoms bound to the phosphorus atom and not covered by a single one of groups A01N57/10, A01N57/18, A01N57/26, A01N57/34 containing aromatic radicals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
wobei R und R' für C,- bis Q-Alkyl, R' darüber hinaus für Cr bis C3-Alkoxy oder Phenyl und X Sauerstoff oder Schwefel bedeutet 2, Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbindungen gemäß Anspruch !,dadurchgekennzeichnet,daß in an sich bekannter Weise 6-Hydroxy-chinoxalin mit Phosphor-, Phosphon- bzw, Thionophosphor-(phosphon)-säureesterbalogeniden der Formelwhere R and R 'for C 1 - to Q -alkyl, R' furthermore for C r to C 3 -alkoxy or phenyl and X is oxygen or sulfur 6-hydroxyquinoxaline with phosphorus, phosphonic or thionophosphorus (phosphonic) acid ester halides of the formula is known
RO XRO X
P — Ha!P - Ha!
R'R '
umgesetzt werden, in der R, R', X und Hai die oben angegebene Bedeutung besitzen.are implemented, in which R, R ', X and Hai have the meaning given above.
3. Verwendung von Verbindungen gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Bekämpfung von Insekten und Milben.3. Use of compounds according to Claim 1 for combating insects and mites.
In der deutschen Patentschrift 927 270 weden Thiophosphorsäureester von N-Methylbenzazimiden beschrieben, die eine gute Wirkung gegen saugende oder fressende Insekten, insbesondere gegenüber Spinnmilben besitzen. Die vorgenannten Produkte finden daher als Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel Verwendung.In German Patent 927 270, thiophosphoric acid esters are used of N-methylbenzazimides described that have a good effect against sucking or eating insects, especially against spider mites. Find the aforementioned products therefore use as a pesticide.
Weiterhin sind aus der deutschen Patentschrift 1115 738 offenkettige und cyclische Chinoxalino-2,3-thiophosphorsäureester bekannt. Man erhält diese Produkte durch Umsetzung der entsprechenden 2,3-Dimercaptochinoxaline mit Alkyl- oder Arylphosphorb.iw. -thionophosphorsäuremonoesterdi- oder diestermonohalogeniden. Furthermore, from the German patent 1115 738 open-chain and cyclic quinoxalino-2,3-thiophosphoric acid esters known. These products are obtained by reacting the corresponding 2,3-dimercaptoquinoxaline with alkyl- or arylphosphorus. -thionophosphoric acid monoester di- or diester monohalides.
Nach den Angaben der zuletzt zitierten Patentschrift zeichnen sich diese Verbindungen durch eine gute insektizide und akarizide Wirksamkeit aus; sie besitzen eine besonders hohe Wirkung gegen resistente Spinnmilben. Die Herstellung der vorgenannten Wirkstoffgruppe zumindest in technischem Maßstabe ist jedoch relativ schwierig.According to the information in the patent cited last, these compounds are characterized by good insecticidal properties and acaricidal effectiveness from; they are particularly effective against resistant spider mites. However, the production of the aforementioned group of active ingredients is at least on an industrial scale relatively difficult.
Die Erfindung betrifft den in den Ansprüchen definierten Gegenstand.The invention relates to the subject matter defined in the claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verläuft im Sinne des folgenden Formelschemas:The method according to the invention runs in the sense of the following equation:
RO XRO X
R'R '
— HHaI- HHaI
HOHO
Hai +Shark +
RO XRO X
P-OP-O
3030th
3535
4040
4545
5555
In vorgenannter Gleichung stellt X vor allem ein Schwefel- und Hai ein Chlor- oder Bromatom dar.In the above equation, X primarily represents a sulfur atom and Shark a chlorine or bromine atom.
Das für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens als Ausgangsmaterial benötigte 6-Hydroxychinoxalin ist aus der Literatur bekannt. Es kann auch in technischem Maßstab ohne Schwierigkeiten z. B. durch Kondensation von 3,4-Diaminophenol mit Glyoxal oder durch Reduktion von 6-Nitrochinoxalin sowie Diazotierung der entsprechenden 6-Aminoverbindung und Verkochen des Diazotierungsproduk;s. hergestellt werden. 6-Nitrochinoxalin ist seinerseits durch einfache Nitrierung von Chinoxalin leicht zugänglich. The 6-hydroxyquinoxaline required as starting material for carrying out the process according to the invention is known from the literature. It can also be used on an industrial scale without difficulty z. B. by condensation of 3,4-diaminophenol with glyoxal or by reduction of 6-nitroquinoxaline as well as diazotization of the corresponding 6-amino compound and boiling of the diazotization product; s. getting produced. For its part, 6-nitroquinoxaline is easily accessible by simple nitration of quinoxaline.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird bevorzugt unter Mitverwendung von Lösungs- oder Verdünnungsmitteln durchgeführt. Als solche kommen praktisch alle inerten organischen Solventien oder Gemische derselben in Betracht, wie Kohlenwasserstoffe, z. B. Benzin, Benzol, Toluol, Chlorbenzol, Xylol, Äther, beispielsweise Diäthyl- und Dibutyläther, Dioxan, ferner Ketone, z. B. Aceton, Methyläthyl-, Methylisopropyl- und Methylisobutylketon. Besonders bewährt haben sich für den genannten Zweck jedoch niedrigsiedende aliphatische Alkohole, beispielsweise Methanol, Äthanol sowie vor allem Nitrile, z. B. Aceto- und Propionitril, ferner Dimethylformamid.The process according to the invention is preferred with the use of solvents or diluents carried out. Practically all inert organic solvents or mixtures thereof come as such into consideration, such as hydrocarbons, e.g. B. gasoline, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ether, for example Diethyl and dibutyl ethers, dioxane, and also ketones, e.g. B. acetone, methylethyl-, methylisopropyl- and methyl isobutyl ketone. However, low-boiling points have proven particularly useful for the stated purpose aliphatic alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol and especially nitriles, e.g. B. aceto- and propionitrile, also dimethylformamide.
Weiterhin läßt man die verfahrensgemäße Umsetzung vorzugsweise in Gegenwart von Säureakzeptoren ablaufen. Hierfür können praktisch alle üblichen Säurebindemittel Verwendung finden. Als besonders geeignet erwiesen haben sich Alkalialkoholate und -carbonate, wie Kalium- und Natriummethylat bzw. -äthylat, Natrium- und Kaliumcarbonat, ferner tertiäre aromatische oder heterocyclische Amine, z. B. Triäthylamin, Dimethylanilin oder Pyridin.Furthermore, the reaction according to the process is preferably left in the presence of acid acceptors expire. Practically all customary acid binders can be used for this purpose. As particularly suitable have proven to be alkali alcoholates and carbonates, such as potassium and sodium methylate or ethylate, sodium and potassium carbonate, also tertiary aromatic or heterocyclic amines, e.g. B. triethylamine, Dimethylaniline or pyridine.
Die Reaktionstemperatur kann in einem größeren Bereich variiert werden. Im allgemeinen arbeitet man zwischen 20 und 120°C (bzw. dem Siedepunkt der Mischung), vorzugsweise bei 40 bis 8O0C. Die verfahrensgemäß umzusetzenden Ausgangsmaterialien sowie die Hiifsstoffe (Säurebindemittel) werden im allgemeinen in stöchiometrischen Mengen angewandt. Nach Vereinigung der Ausgangskomponenten ist es vorteilhaft, die Mischung zwecks Vervollständigung der Umsetzung noch längere Zeit (etwa V/2 bis 3 Stunden) gegebenenfalls unter Rühren nachzuerhitzen. Man erhält bei dieser Arbeitsweise die Verfahrensprodukte mit hervorragenden Ausbeuten sowie in vorzüglicher Reinheit.The reaction temperature can be varied over a wide range. In general (or the boiling point of the mixture), preferably at 40 to 8O 0 C. The method according to reacted starting materials and the Hiifsstoffe (acid binding agents) are generally used in stoichiometric amounts to between 20 and 120 ° C. After the starting components have been combined, it is advantageous to post-heat the mixture for a longer time (about 1/2 to 3 hours), if necessary with stirring, in order to complete the reaction. In this procedure, the process products are obtained in excellent yields and in excellent purity.
Die verfahrensgemäß erhältlichen Phosphor- bzw. Thionophosphor-(phosphon)-säureester des 6-Oxychinoxalins fallen z. T. als farblose Kristalle mit scharfem Schmelzpunkt an, die sich, soweit erforderlich, durch Umkristallisieren aus den gebräuchlichen Lösungsmitteln leicht weiter reinigen lassen; meist erhält man die Produkte jedoch in Form farbloser bis gelb gefärbter, viskoser, wasserunlöslicher, nicht unzersetztThe phosphoric or thionophosphorus (phosphonic) acid esters of 6-oxyquinoxaline obtainable according to the process fall z. T. as colorless crystals with a sharp melting point, which, if necessary, Can be easily further purified by recrystallization from the common solvents; mostly receives however, the products are not undecomposed in the form of colorless to yellow-colored, viscous, water-insoluble ones
destillierbarer Öle, die jedoch durch sogenanntes „Andestillieren", cf. h. längeres Erhitzen unter vermindertem Druck auf mäßig erhöhte Temperaturen von den letzten flüchtigen Anteilen befreit und auf diese Weise gereinigt werden können.oils that can be distilled, but which are produced by so-called "inco-distillation", cf. h. prolonged heating under reduced pressure to moderately elevated temperatures from the The last volatile components can be freed and cleaned in this way.
Zu ihrer näheren Charakterisierung kann die Bestimmung des Brechungsindex herangezogen werden.The determination of the refractive index can be used to characterize it more closely.
Die Verfahrensprodukte weisen starke insektizide und akarizide Eigenschaften auf. Sie besitzen sowohl eine ausgezeichnete Wirkung gegen fressende als auch saugende Insekten sowie eine hervorragende Wirksamkeit gegen Spinnmilben und Zecken. In dieser Hinsicht sind die erfindungsgemäß herstellbaren Verbindungen den bekannten Produkten analoger Konstitution und gleicher Wirkungsrichtung eindeutig überlegen; erstere stellen somit eine echte Bereicherung der Technik dar. Sie besitzen gleichzeitig nur eine geringe Warmblüterund PhytotoxizitäL Die Wirkung setzt schnell ein und hält lange an. Aus diesem Grunde können die erfindungsgemäß herstellbaren Verbindungen mit Erfolg im Pflanzenschutz zur Bekämpfung von schädlichen saugenden und fressenden Insekten und Dipteren sowie gegen Milben (Acarina) angewendet werden.The products of the process have strong insecticidal and acaricidal properties. You own both an excellent effect against eating as well as sucking insects as well as an excellent effectiveness against spider mites and ticks. In this regard, the compounds preparable according to the invention are Clearly superior to the known products of analogous constitution and the same direction of action; the former thus represent a real asset to the technology. At the same time, they only have a low level of warm-blooded animals Phytotoxicity The effect sets in quickly and lasts for a long time. For this reason, the invention compounds which can be produced with success in crop protection to combat harmful sucking agents and eating insects and dipteras as well as against mites (acarina).
Je nach ihrem Anwendungszweck können die neuen Wirkstoffe in die üblichen Formulierungen übergeführt werden, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, Suspensionen, Pulver, Pasten und Granulate. Diese werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, z. B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit Streckmitteln, d.h. flüssigen Lösungsmitteln und/oder festen TrägeiStoffen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln.also Emulgier- und/oder Dispergiermitteln, wobei z. B. im Falle der Benutzung von Wasser als Streckmittel gegebenenfalls organische Lösungsmittel als Hilfslösungsmittel verwendet werden können. Als flüssige Lösungsmittel kommen im wesentlichen in Frage: Aromaten (z. B. Xylol, Benzoi), chlrierte Aromaten (z. B. Chlorbenzole), Paraffine (z. B. Erdölfraktionen), Alkohole (z.B. Methanol, Butanol), stark polare Lösungsmittel wie Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxyd sowie Wasser; als feste Trägerstoffe: natürliche Gesteinsmehle (z. B. Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide) und synthetische Gesteinsmehle (z. B. hochdisperse Kieselsäure, Silikate); als Emulgiermittel: nichtionogene und anionische Emulgatoren wie Polyoxyäthytan-Fettsäure-Ester, Polyoxyäthylen-Fettalkohol-Äther, z.B. Alkylaryl-polyglykoläther, Alkylsulfonate und Arylsulfonate) als Dispergiermittel z. B. Lignin, Sulfitablaugen und Methylcellulose.Depending on their intended use, the new active ingredients can be converted into the customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granules. These are in produced in a known manner, e.g. B. by mixing the active ingredients with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents.also Emulsifiers and / or dispersants, where z. B. optionally in the case of the use of water as an extender organic solvents can be used as auxiliary solvents. As a liquid Solvents are essentially possible: aromatics (e.g. xylene, benzene), chlorinated aromatics (e.g. Chlorobenzenes), paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), alcohols (e.g. methanol, butanol), strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide and water; as solid carriers: natural rock flour (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk) and synthetic rock powder (e.g. highly dispersed Silicic acid, silicates); as emulsifiers: non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethane fatty acid esters, Polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, e.g. alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates) as dispersants e.g. B. lignin, sulphite waste liquors and methyl cellulose.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe können in den Formulierungen in Mischung mit anderen bekannten Wirkstoffen vorliegen.The active compounds according to the invention can be used in the formulations as a mixture with other known ones Active ingredients are present.
Die Formulierungen enthalten im allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 und 95 Gewichtsprozent Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 90%.The formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95 percent by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
Die Wirkstoffkonzentrationen können in einem größeren Bereich variiert werden. Im allgemeinen verwendet man Konzentrationen von 0,00001 bis 20%, vorzugsweise von 0,01 bis 5%.The active ingredient concentrations can be varied over a wide range. Generally used one has concentrations of 0.00001 to 20%, preferably from 0.01 to 5%.
Die Wirkstoffe können als solche, in Form ihrer Formulierungen oder der daraus bereiteten Anwendungsformen, wie gebrauchsfertige Lösungen, emulgierbare Konzentrate, Emulsionen, Suspensionen, Spritzpulver, Pasten, lösliche Pulver, Stäubemittel und Granulate angewendet werden. Die Anwendung geschieht in üblicher Weise, z.B. durch Gießen, Verspritzen, Vernebeln, Verräuchern, Verstreuen, Verstäuben, Vergasen.The active ingredients can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspensions, Wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts and granules can be applied. The application happens in the usual way, e.g. by pouring, spraying, misting, smoking, scattering, dusting, Gas.
Beispiel I C1H5O SExample I C 1 H 5 OS
" Ml"Ml
P-OP-O
C1H5OC 1 H 5 O
ίο 3ό,5 g (0,25 MoI) 6-Hydroxychinoxalin, 35 g feingepulvertes Kaliumcarbonat und 400 ml Acetonitril werden 30 Minuten bei 75°C gerührt. Anschließend tropft man 47 g Ο,Ο-Diäthylthionophosphorsäureesterchlorid zum Reaktionsgemisch und rührt letzteres 1 Stunde bei 75 bis 800C. Nach dem Abkühlen der Mischung wird diese in Wasser gegossen, mit Benzol aufgenommen, die benzolische Lösung erst mit Wasser, dann mit 2normaler Kalilauge, schließlich noch mehrere Male mit Wasser bis zur neutralen Reaktion gewaschen, über Natriumsulfat-Kohle getrocknet und eingedampft, zum Schluß unter einem Druck von 0,01 Torr bei 60 bis 700C. Die Ausbeute an Ο,Ο-Diäthylthionophosphorsäure-0-[-chinoxalyl-(6)]-ester betragt 78 g (87% der Theorie), der Brechungsindex des Produktes ist/(#=1,5669.ίο 3ό, 5 g (0.25 mol) 6-hydroxyquinoxaline, 35 g finely powdered potassium carbonate and 400 ml acetonitrile are stirred at 75 ° C for 30 minutes. Then added dropwise 47 g Ο, Ο-Diäthylthionophosphorsäureesterchlorid to the reaction mixture and stirred latter for 1 hour at 75 to 80 0 C. After cooling the mixture, it is poured into water, taken up with benzene, the benzene solution first with water, then with 2normaler potassium hydroxide finally washed several times with water until neutral, dried over sodium sulfate-charcoal and evaporated, finally under a pressure of 0.01 Torr at 60 to 70 0 C. The yield of Ο, Ο-Diäthylthionophosphorsäure-0- [ -quinoxalyl- (6)] ester is 78 g (87% of theory), the refractive index of the product is / (# = 1.5669.
Analyse TUrCi2Hi5N2OjPS (Molgewicht 298,3):Analysis of TUrCi 2 Hi 5 N 2 OjPS (molecular weight 298.3):
Berechnet P 10,30, S 10,75%;
gefunden P 10,48, S 11,26%.Calculated P 10.30, S 10.75%;
found P 10.48, S 11.26%.
Q e i s ρ i e 1 2 Q eis ρ ie 1 2
C2H5O OC 2 H 5 OO
p — op - o
C2H5OC 2 H 5 O
In gleicher Weise wie unter Beispiel 1 beschrieben, setzt man 36,5 g (0,25 Mol) 6-Hydroxychinoxalin mit 43g(0,25Mol)O,O-Diäthylphosphorsäureesterchlorid und 35 g Kaliumcarbonat in Acetonitril um und erhält 53 g(63% der Theorie) Ο,Ο-Diäthylphosphorsäure-O-[chinoxalyl-(6)]-ester mit dem Brechungsindex n]\ = 1,5380.In the same way as described in Example 1, 36.5 g (0.25 mol) of 6-hydroxyquinoxaline are reacted with 43 g (0.25 mol) of O, O-diethylphosphoric acid ester chloride and 35 g of potassium carbonate in acetonitrile, and 53 g (63% theory) Ο, Ο-diethylphosphoric acid-O- [quinoxalyl- (6)] - ester with the refractive index n] \ = 1.5380.
Analyse für C12Hi5N2O4P (Molgewicht 282,2):Analysis for C 12 Hi 5 N 2 O 4 P (molecular weight 282.2):
Berechnet N 9,92, P 10,97%;
gefunden N 9,82, P 11,29%.Calculated N 9.92, P 10.97%;
found N 9.82, P 11.29%.
Beispiel 3 C2H5O SExample 3 C 2 H 5 OS
p — op - o
C2H5 C 2 H 5
Analog Beispiel 1 und 2 erhält man durch Umsetzung von 44 g (0,3 Mol) 6-Hydroxy-chinoxalin und 52 g (0,3 Mol) Äthylthionophosphonsäure-O-äthylesterchlorid 62 g (72% der Theorie) Äthylthionophosphonsäure-O-äthyl-O-[chinoxalyl-(6)]-ester mit dem Brechungsindex njj = 1,5850.Analogously to Example 1 and 2, by reacting 44 g (0.3 mol) of 6-hydroxyquinoxaline and 52 g (0.3 mol) of ethylthionophosphonic acid O-ethyl ester chloride, 62 g (72% of theory) of ethylthionophosphonic acid O-ethyl are obtained -O- [quinoxalyl- (6)] - ester with the refractive index njj = 1.5850.
Analyse für C12H15N2O2PS (Molgewicht 282,3):Analysis for C 12 H 15 N 2 O 2 PS (molecular weight 282.3):
Berechnet P 10,97, S 11,36%
gefunden P 12,00, S 12,10%.Calculated P 10.97, S 11.36%
found P 12.00, S 12.10%.
5 6 5 6
In analoger Weise können die folgenden Verfahrensprodukte erhalten werden:The following process products can be obtained in an analogous manner:
KonsumtionConsumption
C1H5O SC 1 H 5 OS
ρ—ορ — ο
CH,O SCH, O S
P-OP-O
H3CH 3 C
XOXO
I",, der Theorie)I ",, the theory)
7878
iif, = 1,6290iif, = 1.6290
ny = 1,5798 ny = 1.5798
Summi-'nformel Mo^ewichlSumming formula Mo ^ ewichl
C111H15N2O2PS
(330)C 111 H 15 N 2 O 2 PS
(330)
Q1H13N2O2PS
(268,3)Q 1 H 13 N 2 O 2 PS
(268.3)
berechne!calculate!
N 8,48
P 9,37
S 9,71N 8.48
P 9.37
S 9.71
N 10,44
P 11,55
SN 10.44
P 11.55
S.
N 8,Ul P 9,98 S 10,01N 8, Ul P 9.98 S 10.01
N 10,23 P 11.78 S IZOlN 10.23 P 11.78 S IZOl
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEF0051761 | 1967-03-09 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1670817A1 DE1670817A1 (en) | 1971-04-01 |
DE1670817B2 true DE1670817B2 (en) | 1974-08-01 |
DE1670817C3 DE1670817C3 (en) | 1975-04-03 |
Family
ID=7104883
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19671670817 Granted DE1670817B2 (en) | 1967-03-09 | 1967-03-09 | Quinoxalylphosphoric, phosphonic or thionophosphoric (phosphonic) acid esters, process for their preparation and their use |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE711819A (en) |
CH (1) | CH493562A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1670817B2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES351428A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1575612A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1160493A (en) |
IL (1) | IL29429A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6803253A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2410311A1 (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1975-09-18 | Bayer Ag | BROMINOUS QUINOXALYL (THIONO) - (THIOL) - PHOSPHORUS (PHOSPHONE) ACID ESTERS OR -ESTERAMIDE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND USING THEY AS INSECTICIDES AND ACARICIDES |
-
1967
- 1967-03-09 DE DE19671670817 patent/DE1670817B2/en active Granted
-
1968
- 1968-02-05 CH CH165368A patent/CH493562A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-02-07 IL IL2942968A patent/IL29429A/en unknown
- 1968-02-13 GB GB696868A patent/GB1160493A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-03-07 NL NL6803253A patent/NL6803253A/xx unknown
- 1968-03-07 BE BE711819D patent/BE711819A/xx unknown
- 1968-03-08 FR FR1575612D patent/FR1575612A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-03-09 ES ES351428A patent/ES351428A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE711819A (en) | 1968-09-09 |
ES351428A1 (en) | 1969-06-16 |
DE1670817A1 (en) | 1971-04-01 |
CH493562A (en) | 1970-07-15 |
GB1160493A (en) | 1969-08-06 |
DE1670817C3 (en) | 1975-04-03 |
IL29429A (en) | 1971-06-23 |
NL6803253A (en) | 1968-09-10 |
FR1575612A (en) | 1969-07-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2163391A1 (en) | Pesticidal phosphorothiolate compounds | |
DE2700019A1 (en) | NEW PHOSPHORTHIOATE DERIVATIVES AND AGENTS CONTAINING THEM | |
DE2149312B2 (en) | Thiophosphoric acid esters, process for their preparation and their use as nematicides and soil insecticides | |
DE1545817B1 (en) | Phosphorus, phosphonic, thionophosphorus and thionophosphonic acid esters of 2-hydroxyquinoxaline | |
DE1138049B (en) | Process for the preparation of dithiophosphonic acid esters | |
DE1670817B2 (en) | Quinoxalylphosphoric, phosphonic or thionophosphoric (phosphonic) acid esters, process for their preparation and their use | |
DE1768399C3 (en) | O-alkyl-O-aryl-thiol-phosphoric acid esters, processes for their preparation and insecticidal and acaricidal agents containing these compounds | |
DE2118495C3 (en) | Insecticidal agent | |
DE1670896C3 (en) | Pyridylphosphoric, -phosphonic or -thionophosphoric (-phosphonic) acid esters, processes for their preparation and agents containing them | |
DE2031750C3 (en) | Benzisoxazolo (thiono) phosphorus (phosphonic) acid esters, process for their preparation and their use | |
DE1942561B2 (en) | PYRAZOLO (THIONO) PHOSPHORUS (PHOSPHONE) ACID ESTERS, PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTS CONTAINING THESE | |
DE1793188C3 (en) | O-alkyl-0-phenyl-thiolphosphoric acid ester, process for their preparation and compositions containing them | |
DE2030509A1 (en) | 2-Cyanovinyl- (thio) -phosphorus or -phosphonic acid derivatives, process for their preparation and their use as insecticides | |
DE1545817C (en) | Phosphorus, phosphonic acid, thionophosphorus and thionophosphonic acid esters of 2 hydroxy quinoxaline | |
DE2052027A1 (en) | Aryl methanesulfonate, process for their preparation and their nematicidal use | |
DE1934001C3 (en) | N-iso-propyl-O-ethyl-O-phenylphosphoric acid ester amides, a process for their preparation and their use as nematocides | |
DE2040651C3 (en) | New phenyl amidothionophosphate, process for their preparation and use as insecticides and acaricides | |
DE1192202B (en) | Process for the production of (thiono) phosphorus (on, in) acid esters | |
DE1670898A1 (en) | Process for the preparation of phosphorus, phosphonic or thionophosphorus (- phosphonic) acid esters | |
DE1918753A1 (en) | New amidothionophosphoric acid phenyl esters, processes for their preparation and use as insecticides and acaricides | |
DE1593873C3 (en) | Chloralkyl-dithiolphosphoric acid esters, process for their preparation and their use as fungicides | |
DE1238014B (en) | Process for the production of phosphoric acid esters | |
DE2044194B2 (en) | BENZISOXAZOLO (THIONO) PHOSPHORUS (PHOSPHONE) ACID ESTER, METHOD OF PREPARATION AND USE | |
DE2010396A1 (en) | Phosphoric ester derivatives | |
DE2242097A1 (en) | THIOL or THIONOTHIOL-PHOSPHORUS (PHOSPHONE) ACID ESTER, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE AS INSECTICIDES AND ACARICIDES |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) |