DE1551586C3 - Device for preventing unstable temperature stratification in a storage tank for low-boiling liquefied gases - Google Patents
Device for preventing unstable temperature stratification in a storage tank for low-boiling liquefied gasesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1551586C3 DE1551586C3 DE19671551586 DE1551586A DE1551586C3 DE 1551586 C3 DE1551586 C3 DE 1551586C3 DE 19671551586 DE19671551586 DE 19671551586 DE 1551586 A DE1551586 A DE 1551586A DE 1551586 C3 DE1551586 C3 DE 1551586C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- liquid gas
- storage tank
- temperature
- tank
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/041—Stratification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
- F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
- F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
- F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
matisch über eine mit den Thermometern verknüpfte elektrische Schaltung oder eine andere an sich bekannte Steuereinrichtung. Es kann aber auch nach einem durch die Thermometer veranlaßten optischen oder akustischen Signal durch das Betriebspersonal erfolgen. Die optische und akustische Signalgabe kann auch zusätzlich zur automatischen Inbetriebnahme vorgesehen sein. Als Steuereinrichtungen dienen je nach Art der Thermometer, es können Widerstandsthermometer, Thermoelemente, Dampfdruckthermometer oder Flüssigkeitsthermometer benutzt werden, z. B. Kombinations- oder Brückenschaltungen mit Relais, elektronische Regler oder Transmitter.automatically via an electrical circuit linked to the thermometers or another known per se Control device. But it can also according to an optical caused by the thermometer or an acoustic signal by the operating staff. The optical and acoustic signaling can also be provided in addition to automatic commissioning. As control devices each serve According to the type of thermometer, there can be resistance thermometers, thermocouples, steam pressure thermometers or liquid thermometers can be used, e.g. B. combination or bridge circuits with Relays, electronic controllers or transmitters.
Das Isoliermaterial, das das Umwälzrohr umgibt, muß die Summe aus Flüssigkeitsdruck und Gasdruckunterschieden zu tragen vermögen. Schalen aus Poiyuräthan sind hierfür besonders gut geeignet.The insulating material that surrounds the circulation pipe must be the sum of the liquid pressure and gas pressure differences able to bear. Bowls made of poiyurethane are particularly suitable for this.
Zweckmäßigerweise hat das Umwälzrohr einen Durchmesser von 10 bis 40 cm, vorzugsweise etwa 20 cm, und eine Länge, die 25 bis 60%, vorzugsweise etwa 40% der maximalen Füllhöhe entspricht. Der Abstand des unteren Endes des Umwälzrohres vom Tankboden ist in Weiterbildung der Erfindung etwa ebenso groß wie der lichte Rohrdurchmesser. Besonders günstige Verhältnisse werden erzielt, wenn mehrere Umwälzrohre vorgesehen sind, die am besten nahe der seitlichen Tankwand und im geringen Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind. Der Abstand richtet sich nach dem lichten Rohrdurchmesser. Er ist gewöhnlich 3- bis 12mal, vorzugsweise 5mal so groß wie dieser.The circulation tube expediently has a diameter of 10 to 40 cm, preferably approximately 20 cm, and a length which corresponds to 25 to 60%, preferably about 40% of the maximum filling height. the The distance of the lower end of the circulation pipe from the tank bottom is approximately in a further development of the invention just as large as the clear pipe diameter. Particularly favorable conditions are achieved when several Circulation pipes are provided, which are best near the side tank wall and at a small distance are arranged from each other. The distance depends on the clear pipe diameter. He is usually 3 to 12 times, preferably 5 times as large as this.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht schließlich darin, daß am unteren Ende des Umwälzrohres parallel zum Tankboden ein Flüssiggasleitblech angebracht ist. Da hierdurch mehr bodennahes Flüssiggas vom Auftrieb erfaßt wird, ergibt sich im Mittel eine höhere Zulauftemperatur. Mehrere Umwälzrohre sind in vorteilhafter Weise mit einem gemeinsamen Flüssiggasleitblech versehen.Finally, a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is that at the bottom At the end of the circulation pipe, a liquid gas baffle is attached parallel to the bottom of the tank. Thereby more If liquid gas close to the ground is detected by the buoyancy, the result is a higher inlet temperature on average. Several circulation pipes are advantageously provided with a common liquid gas baffle.
Bei Beginn einer jeden, auch der mit Absicht hervorgerufenen Umwälzung des Flüssiggases, ist mit einer erhöhten Verdampfung zu rechnen. Da die Umwälzung aber auf Grund der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Überwachung der Temperaturen frühzeitig eingeleitet wird, hat sie keinen gefährlichen Druckanstieg zur Folge. Überdies kann die Dampfentwicklung noch dadurch weiter eingeschränkt werden, daß das Umwälzrohr mittels der Heizung nur sehr langsam erwärmt wird. Die Konvektionsströmung kann auf diese Weise beliebig langsam eingeleitet werden. Die wärmeren Schichten steigen dann äußerst langsam hoch und treten größtenteils im Wärmeaustausch mit kälteren Schichten, noch ehe sie in die Nähe der Oberfläche gelangen können.At the beginning of each, including the deliberately induced circulation of the liquefied gas, there is a increased evaporation to be expected. Since the circulation but due to the invention If the monitoring of the temperatures is initiated at an early stage, it has no dangerous effect Result in an increase in pressure. In addition, the development of steam can be further restricted by that the circulation pipe is heated only very slowly by means of the heater. The convection current can be initiated as slowly as required in this way. The warmer layers then rise extremely slowly rise and for the most part enter in heat exchange with colder layers before they come close can reach the surface.
Besonders gut ist die Ausführungsform mit mehreren Umwälzrohren zum langsamen Einleiten des Umwälzvorganges geeignet. Vorzugsweise geht man nämlich hierbei so vor, daß die Heizungen der einzelnen Umwälzrohre nacheinander,z.B. durch ein Zeitrelais, eingeschaltet werden, wobei darauf zu achten ist, daß das nächste Umwälzrohr erst dann beheizt wird, wenn nach Inbetriebnahme des vorhergehenden Umwälzrohres im Gasraum über dem Flüssiggas ein Druck herrscht, der den üblichen Druck um nicht mehr als einen vorgegebenen Maximalwert, z.B. 0,1 ata, überschreitet. Nur dann ist nämlich gewährleistet, daß die bei Einschalten des nächsten Umwälzrohres zu erwartende erhöhte Verdampfung den vorhandenen Gasdruck nicht in gefährlichem Maße erhöht.The embodiment with several circulation pipes for slowly initiating the circulation process is particularly good suitable. It is preferable to proceed in such a way that the heaters of the individual Circulation tubes one after the other, e.g. be switched on by a timing relay, being careful is that the next circulation pipe is only heated when the previous one has been put into operation Circulation pipe in the gas space above the liquid gas there is a pressure that is not the usual pressure exceeds a specified maximum value, e.g. 0.1 ata. Only then is it guaranteed that the increased evaporation to be expected when the next circulation pipe is switched on corresponds to the existing Gas pressure not increased to a dangerous extent.
Zur Beheizung des Umwälzrohres bieten sich mehrere Möglichkeiten an: Elektrische Heizung oder Wärmeaustausch mit warmem Gas oder warmer Flüssigkeit. There are several options for heating the circulation pipe: electrical heating or Heat exchange with warm gas or warm liquid.
Es hat sich in baulicher Hinsicht als günstig erwiesen, das Umwälzrohr aus einem inneren und einem äußeren Rohr herzustellen und das Isoliermaterial und die Heizung im dichten Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Rohren vorzusehen. Die Dichtheit des Zwischenraumes ist erforderlich, damit kein Flüssiggas in diesen eintritt und die Isolierfähigkeit verschlechtert. From a structural point of view, it has proven to be advantageous to have the circulation pipe made up of an inner and a produce the outer pipe and the insulating material and the heater in the tight space between to provide the two pipes. The tightness of the space is necessary so that there is no liquid gas occurs in this and the insulation deteriorates.
Die Thermometer sind mit Vorteil in oder nahe der senkrechten Mittelachse des Speichertanks befestigt, wobei das unterste Thermometer vom Fundament einen Abstand von weniger als 1 m, vorzugsweise weniger als 20 cm hat und dasjenige Thermometer, dessen Temperatur zum Vergleich mit der Temperatur einer tieferliegenden Flüssiggasschicht herangezogen werden soll, in einer Höhenlage angebracht ist, die 20 bis 70%, vorzugsweise etwa 40% der maximalen Füllhöhe des Flüssiggases im Speichertank entspricht.The thermometers are advantageously attached in or near the vertical central axis of the storage tank, the lowest thermometer from the foundation a distance of less than 1 m, preferably less than 20 cm and that thermometer whose temperature for comparison with the temperature of a deeper lying liquid gas layer is to be used, is attached at an altitude that is 20 to 70%, preferably about 40% of the maximum fill level of the liquid gas in the storage tank.
Weitere Erläuterungen zu der Erfindung sind der Zeichnung zu entnehmen.Further explanations of the invention can be found in the drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt einen auf einem Fundament 1 ruhenden, aus einem inneren und einem äußeren Mantel 2 bzw. 3 bestehenden Speicherbehälter für tiefsiedende Flüssiggase, dessen Zwischenraum zwischen beiden Wänden mit einer Wärmeisolierung 4 ausgefüllt ist. Nahe der Innenwand des Speicherbehälters ist ein Umwälzrohr dargestellt, das aus zwei beiderseits offenen Rohren, einem äußeren Rohr 7 une einem inneren Rohr 8 besteht. Im Raum zwischen beiden Rohren ist die Heizung 9 untergebracht. Das restliche Volumen ist mit Isoliermaterial 13 ausgefüllt. Innen- und Außenrohr sind dicht verschweißt, damit kein Flüssiggas in den Isolierraum eindringen kann.The drawing shows one resting on a foundation 1, consisting of an inner and an outer Shell 2 or 3 existing storage tank for low-boiling liquefied gases, the space between both walls are filled with thermal insulation 4. Near the inside wall of the storage tank a circulation pipe is shown, which consists of two pipes open on both sides, an outer pipe 7 an inner tube 8 consists. The heater 9 is housed in the space between the two pipes. The the remaining volume is filled with insulating material 13. Inner and outer pipe are tightly welded so no liquid gas can enter the isolation room.
Am unteren Ende des Rohres ist ein Flüssiggasleitblech 14, das die Form einer Ringscheibe besitzt, angebracht. Das Umwälzrohr ist mittels Ankerschrauben 15 im Fundament befestigt. An einem Rohr 5 sind mehrere Thermometer 6 in verschiedener Höhe befestigt. At the lower end of the tube, a liquid gas baffle 14, which has the shape of an annular disk, is attached. The circulation pipe is attached to the foundation by means of anchor bolts 15. On a tube 5 are several thermometers 6 attached at different heights.
Die Regelung erfolgt mit bekannten Mitteln. Die hierzu nötigen Leitungen sind der Übersicht halber nicht dargestellt.The regulation takes place with known means. The lines required for this are for the sake of clarity not shown.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEL0056762 | 1967-06-16 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1551586A1 DE1551586A1 (en) | 1970-04-02 |
DE1551586B2 DE1551586B2 (en) | 1974-02-21 |
DE1551586C3 true DE1551586C3 (en) | 1974-09-19 |
Family
ID=7278030
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19671551586 Expired DE1551586C3 (en) | 1967-06-16 | 1967-06-16 | Device for preventing unstable temperature stratification in a storage tank for low-boiling liquefied gases |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1551586C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1570202A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1164773A (en) |
-
1967
- 1967-06-16 DE DE19671551586 patent/DE1551586C3/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-06-17 GB GB2870168A patent/GB1164773A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-06-17 FR FR1570202D patent/FR1570202A/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1570202A (en) | 1969-06-06 |
DE1551586A1 (en) | 1970-04-02 |
DE1551586B2 (en) | 1974-02-21 |
GB1164773A (en) | 1969-09-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 |