DE1288720B - Hydraulische Fluessigkeiten - Google Patents
Hydraulische FluessigkeitenInfo
- Publication number
- DE1288720B DE1288720B DEC36156A DEC0036156A DE1288720B DE 1288720 B DE1288720 B DE 1288720B DE C36156 A DEC36156 A DE C36156A DE C0036156 A DEC0036156 A DE C0036156A DE 1288720 B DE1288720 B DE 1288720B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- adipate
- methyloxitol
- castor oil
- boiling point
- succinate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Description
Hydraulische Flüssigkeiten müssen verschiedene Bedingungen erfüllen. Zum Beispiel dürfen sie weder
das Metall noch die Gummiteile eines Bremssystems angreifen, weiterhin müssen sie stabil sein und sollen
einen hohen Siedepunkt haben und einen möglichst niederen Uelnerpunkt
Hydrauhsche Flüssigkeiten au der Basis von einem
oder mehreren Polyathylenglykolen, -äthern oder
Polyathylenglykolen oder Gemische solcher Verbmdüngen
sind bekannt. Sie haben aber den Nachteil, daß sie hygroskopisch sind und stetig aus der Atmo-Sphäre
Wasser absorbieren, wobei der Siedepunkt langsam abfällt.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß dieser Nachteil geblasenes Ricinusöl, d. h. Ricinusöl, durch das
Luft oder Sauerstoff in erhitztem Zustand geblasen wird,
ein entsprechend geblasenes Ricinusöl, dn -m Handel erhäjtliches äthylenoxyd-propylenoxyd-behandeltes
Ricinusöl (mit folgenden physikaiischen
Eigenschaften: spezifisches Gewicht bei 15 6„C: im bis 1025 £nematische viskosität
feei 31%OQ m bjs U5 cS Stockpunkt nicht
höher als —37 2°C)
Andere Schmiermitteladditive, welche den hydraulischen Flüssigkeiten nach der vorliegenden Erfindung
einverleibt werden können, schließen Boratester, z. B.
beseitigt wird, wenn eine hydraulische Flüssigkeit mit 15 Tricresylborat und Phosphor enthaltende Ester, z. B.
einer kinematischen Viskosität bei —400C von nicht Phosphate, beispielsweise Tricresylphosphat, ein.
mehr als 5000 cSt mit einem Siedepunkt von wenigstens 260° C auf der Basis von Polyoxyalkylenglykolen
und Äthern derselben, gegebenenfalls enthaltend übliche Zusätze, mindestens 50 Gewichtsprozent eines so
Esters der allgemeinen Formel
COOR2(OR2) OR1
^" COOR2 (OR2) OR1
normalerweise in hydraulischen und Bremssystemen
worin R ein gerad- oder verzweigtkettiger Alkylenrest verwendeten Typus in die unter Test bei 700C stehende
Flüssigkeit eingetaucht wurde. Der Volumprozentsatz der Quellung wurde bestimmt unter Verwendung des
Archimedischen Prinzips, wobei der Gummi gewogen wurde, während er im Wasser vor und nach dem Test
suspendiert war. Die Ergebnisse von ähnlichen Untersuchungen, die unter Verwendung von synthe-
p p ypp,
Die hydraulischen Flüssigkeiten können auch andere bekannte Zusätze, z.B. Korrosionsinhibitoren usw.,
enthalten.
Die Wirkung auf Kautschuk bzw. Gummi der typischen Ester der vorliegenden Erfindung ist in den
Tabellen II und ΠΙ aufgezeigt. Die in der Tabelle II angegebenen Ergebnisse waren solche, welche erhalten
wurden, wenn ein Stück des natürlichen Gummis des
g gg y
mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, R1 ein C1-C4-
, 14
Alkylrest oder ein Phenylrest, R2 Äthylen, Propylen oder Butylen und η 0 bis 3 ist, enthält.
Bevorzugte Säuren R(COOH)2, von welchen die
Ester abgeleitet werden, sind Bernstein-, Glutar-, Adipin-, Azelain-, Sebacin- und Isosebacinsäuren,
obgleich ebenso andere Dicarbonsäuren, wenn gewünscht,
verwendet werden können, z. B. ein im tisehem Gummi des normalerweise in hydraulischen
Systemen verwendeten Typs durchgeführt wurden, sind
Handel erhältliches Gemisch von Adipin-, Glutar- und 35 in der Tabelle III angegeben. Im Falle von natürlichem
Bernsteinsäuren. Bevorzugte Beispiele von Glykoläthern, von welchen die Ester hergestellt werden, sind:
Athylenglykolmonomethy ather; Diathy eng yko monoathylather;
Diathylenglykolmonomethylather; Triathylenglykolmonomethylather;
Athylenglyko monoathylather; Tnäthylenglykolmonoathylather.
Bevorzugte Ester nach der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in der Tabelle I, zusammen mit ihren physikalischen
Eigenschaften, angegeben, wobei klar ist, daß, wenn die Ester eine zu hohe Viskosität haben, beson-Gummi
ist keine besondere Grenze gegeben, aber das normalerweise angenommene Maximum ist 5%, und
im Falle von synthetischem Gummi ist die von einigen
Herstellern der Bremssysteme gesetzte, obere Grenze In beiden Fällen soUte der Gummi nicht über.
übermäßig weich sein Die gesamten aufgezeigten Ester waren in dieser
Hinsicht zufriedenstellend.
B e 1 s ρ 1 e 1 1
99% Di-OnethyloxitoO-succinat,
1Vo tertAlkylamin mit 12 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen.
Diese Zubereitung hatte Viskositäten von 168OcSt
Diese Zubereitung hatte Viskositäten von 168OcSt
ders bei —400C, sie dann mit einem geeigneten Ester
oder einer kleinen Menge eines inerten Verdünnungs- 50 bei -4O0C, 3,75 cSt bei 500C und 1,59 cSt bei 100°C
mittels zur Gewinnung einer Flüssigkeit gemischt und einen Siedepunkt von 292°C.
werden können, welche die Viskositätserfordernisse nach der vorliegenden Erfindung hat. Beispielsweise
hat ein Gemisch von 15% Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-sebacat und 85% Di-(methyloxitol)-adipat die
Viskositätseigenschaften
R 7fi Si I ~1«°r
2 63cSt* 99°C
Typische Additive, die nach der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden können, sind Schmiermitteladditive
ausgewählt aus Ricinusöl oder auf verschiedene Weisen behandeltem Ricinusöl, beispielsweise
erstes Preßöl aus Ricinussamen, Ricinusöl der Spezifikation DTD 72,
Diese Zubereitung, obgleich sie eine brauchbare Bremsflüssigkeit darstellt, entsprach nicht der SAE-70R3-Spezifizierung
im Hinblick auf die -4O0C-folgenden 55 Wassertoleranz-Klarheits-Klausel.
B eispiel 2
87'9"Ζ" DHmethyloxitoD-succinat,
1O°/o gemischte Polyäthylenglykoläther,
1% wasserlösliches Polyoxyalkylenglykol
Viskosität: 5100 SUS bei 37,80C,
Benzotriazol
01°/
65 teft Alkylamin mit 12 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen
Diese Zubereitung hatte Viskositäten von 1640 cSt bei -400C, 4,2 cSt bei 500C und 1,68 cSt bei 1000C
und einen Anfangssiedepunkt von 282° C. Sie entsprach
der SAE-70 R 3- Wassertoleranz und den Niedertemperaturerfordernissen.
In zwei im Laboratorium durchgeführten hygroskopischen Untersuchungen bei verschiedenen Zeiten,
wie es vorausgehend beschrieben wurde, wurden 150-ml-Proben hydraulischer Flüssigkeit in offene
250-ml-Becher eingebracht und der Atmosphäre des Laboratoriums für 3 bis 6 Tage ausgesetzt. Die Siedepunkte
wurden vor und nach dem Aussetzen gemessen. Die Flüssigkeiten A und B sind typische Flüssigkeiten
des Standes der Technik, wie oben näher definiert. Die folgenden Ergebnisse wurden erhalten:
Siedepunkt | nach 3 Tagen |
0C | |
anfangs | nach 6 Tagen |
||
Flüssigkeit A | |||
erste Untersuchung | 223 | 134 | 130 |
zweite Untersuchung .... | 210 | — | |
Flüssigkeit B | |||
erste Untersuchung | 271 | 147 | 147 |
zweite Untersuchung .... | 272 | — | |
Beispiel 1 | 292 | 202 | 210 |
Beispiel 2 | 282 |
Die ausgezeichneten niederen hygroskopischen Eigenschaften der Flüssigkeiten dieser Erfindung werden
weiterhin, unter Hinweis auf die Beispiele 3 bis 8 der Tabelle IV, erläutert, wobei ein unmittelbarer Vergleich
mit der Flüssigkeit B des Stands der Technik vorgenommen wird.
Zwei weitere Beispiele von korrosionsinhibitierenden Zubereitungen sind nachfolgend unten angegeben
(Beispiel 9 und 10).
25 % Di-(methyltrioxitol)-adipat, 60% Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat, 14% wasserlösliches Polyoxyalkylenglykol mit
einer Viskosität von 55 SUS bei 37,80C, 1 % Polyester aus einem Polyäthylenglykol mit
einem Molekulargewicht von oberhalb 200 und Adipinsäure, 0,5% Di-n-butylamin,
0,1% Benzotriazol.
0,1% Benzotriazol.
Beispiel 10
40 % Di-(methyltrioxitol)-adipat, 53,9 % Di-(methyloxitol)-adipat,
5 % Polyoxyalkylenglykol,
0,5% Di-n-butylamin,
0,5 % Phenyl-«-naphthylamin, 0,1% Benzotriazol.
0,5 % Phenyl-«-naphthylamin, 0,1% Benzotriazol.
ίο Die Gemische der Beispiele 9 und 10 wurden der
gesamten Überprüfung nach der SAE-7 OR 3-Spezifizierung,
wie sie durch die Society of Automovivs Engineers aufgestellt wurde, unterworfen.
Die Flüssigkeiten waren vollkommen zufriedenstellend, abgesehen von der Siedepunktänderung und
den pH-Wert nach Korrosion. Jedoch wurden diese Ergebnisse nicht als nachteilig im Hinblick auf die
Tatsache angesehen, daß der Siedepunkt nach der Untersuchung demjenigen irgendeiner herkömmlichen
Flüssigkeit weit überlegen war und der pH-Wert nach Korrosion irrelevant war, wenn nur der Korrosionstest
in anderer Hinsicht zufriedenstellend war.
39,9% Di-(methyltrioxitol)-adipat, 53,9% Di-(methyloxitol)-adipat,
5 % Polyoxyalkenglykol,
0,5% Di-n-butylamin,
0,5% Phenyl-ac-naphthylamin,
0,5% Phenyl-ac-naphthylamin,
0,1% Benzotriazol,
0,1% Phenothiazin.
Diese Flüssigkeit, die derjenigen des Beispiels 10 sehr ähnlich ist, durchlief alle Untersuchungen der
SAE-Spezifizierung. Das Phenothiazin schien eine Steuerung des pH-Wertes und eine weitere Reduzierung
der Korrosion zu bewirken.
Die hydraulischen Flüssigkeiten dieser Erfindung, wie sie in den Beispielen beschrieben sind, sind für die
Verwendung unter Hochtemperaturbedingungen geeignet, haben verhältnismäßig geringe hygroskopische
Eigenschaften und behalten hohe Siedepunkte über ausgedehnte Verwendungszeiten.
Ester
Viskositäten, cSt, bei
-400C ' 38°C !
-400C ' 38°C !
99°C
SAE 7 OR 3 Siedepunkt, 0C
Di-(methyloxitol)-succinat .
Di-(methyldioxitol)-succinat
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-succinat
Di-(methyldioxitol)-succinat
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-succinat
Di-(äthyloxitol)-succinat
Di-(äthyldioxitol)-succiant .
Di-iäthyltrioxitoO-succinat..
Di-iäthyltrioxitoO-succinat..
Di-(methyloxitol)-adipat
Di-(methyldioxitol)-adipat .
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-adipat..
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-adipat..
Di-(äthyloxitol)-adipat
Di-(äthyldioxitol)-adipat ...
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-adipat ...
Di-(methyloxitol)-sebacat ..
Di-(methyldioxitol)-sebacat
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-sebacat
Di-(äthyloxitol)-sebacat ....
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-adipat ...
Di-(methyloxitol)-sebacat ..
Di-(methyldioxitol)-sebacat
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-sebacat
Di-(äthyloxitol)-sebacat ....
1565
8 310
zu viskos
1870
14 510
zu viskos
534
2 005
11000
696,3
2 458
11704
fest
fest
fest
fest
2 458
11704
fest
fest
fest
fest
5,26
10,8
24,25
10,8
24,25
5,33
11,22
18,65
11,22
18,65
5,63
9,78
13,89
13,89
5,95
9,94
17,95
17,95
8,26
14,43
26,00
14,43
26,00
8,73
1,55 2,56 4,63 1,59 2,69 4,06 1,76 2,73 3,43 1,83 2,70 2,95 2,38 3,69
5,89 2,55
293 298 303 287 277 321 293 308 309 316 316 316 321 302 307 340
Tabelle I (Fortsetzung)
Ester
Viskositäten, cSt, bei | 99° C | SAE 7 OR 3 | |
-400C | I 38° C j | 4,03 | Siedepunkt, ° C |
fest | 5,94 | 314 | |
fest | 2,38 | 316 | |
812 | 3,39 | 336 | |
2490 | 5,58 | 310 | |
9 680 | 2,75 | 318 | |
fest | 3,18 | 333 | |
2135 | 4,75 | 284 | |
6 824 | 1,67 | 298 | |
647 | 282 | ||
10,35 | |||
27,00 | |||
8,27 | |||
12,99 | |||
24,51 | |||
8,44 | |||
11,78 | |||
19,73 | |||
5,23 | |||
Di-(äthyldioxitol)-sebacat .
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-sebacat .
Di-(methyloxitol)-azelat ..
Di-(methyldioxitol)-azelat .
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-azelat
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-sebacat .
Di-(methyloxitol)-azelat ..
Di-(methyldioxitol)-azelat .
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-azelat
Di-(äthyloxitol)-azelat
Di-(äthyldioxitol)-azelat ..
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-azelat...
Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat *
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-azelat...
Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat *
* Ein Ester, hergestellt durch Umsetzen von Athylenglykolmonomethyläther mit einem Gemisch aus ungefähr 15 bis 25% Adipinsäure,
45 bis 60 % Glutarsäure und 25 bis 35 % Bernsteinsäure.
Tabelle II
% Volumenzunahme bei natürlichem Gummi bei 700C
% Volumenzunahme bei natürlichem Gummi bei 700C
Flüssigkeit | 2 Tage | 1 Woche |
Di-(methyloxitol)-succinat | 2,36 | 1,26 |
Di-(methyldioxitol)-succinat | -3,98 | 2,53 |
Di-CäthyltrioxitoO-succinat | 0,23 | 0,39 |
Di-(methyloxitol)-adipat | 4,39 | 3,77 |
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-adipat | -0,31 | -1,53 |
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-adipat | 1,17 | 2,82 |
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-azelat | 1,32 | 1,22 |
Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat | 2,71 | 2,21 |
% Volumenzunahme | |
Ester | bei synthetischem. Gummi |
3 Tage bei 12O0C | |
Di-(methyldioxitol)-succinat.... | 7,48 |
Di-imethyltrioxitoty-succinat ... | 4,72 |
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-adipat | 2,44 |
Di-(äthyloxitol)-adipat | 8,52 |
30 Di-(äthyldioxitol)-adipat | 14,1 |
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-adipat | 12,9 |
Di-imethyltrioxitoty-sebacat | 8,6 |
Di-(methyltrioxitol)-azelat | 2,65 |
Di-(äthyltrioxitol)-azelat | 7,62 |
35 Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat | 13,20 |
Tabelle IV
Untersuchungen der hygroskopischen Eigenschaften
Untersuchungen der hygroskopischen Eigenschaften
Beispiel
Gemisch
Siedepunkt, 0C, bei anfangs I ITag. j 2 Tage
Siedepunkt, °C, nach 3 Tagen 14Tagen] 5Tagen | 6Tagen
80% Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat . 20% Spezial Ricinusöl ,
80% Di-(methyloxitol)-succinat 20% Spezial Ricinusöl
80%Di-(methyloxitol)-adipat .. 20% Spezial Ricinusöl
Flüssigkeit B
% Feuchtigkeit bei den obigen vier Untersuchungen
8 % luftgeblasenes Ricinusöl
12% Spezial Ricinusöl
80% Di-(rnethyloxitol)-nylonat ...
5 % Polyäthylen—Propylenglykoläther, mit einer Viskosität von ungefähr
5100 SUS bei 37,80C....
2 % Polyäthylenglykoladipat
mit Molgewicht 400
93% Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat
4% Polyäthylenglykoladipat
mit Molgewicht 400
96% Di-(methyloxitol)-nylonat
Flüssigkeit B
282 268 284 270
287 221
46 238
254
249 209 i
239 | 221 |
242 | 216 |
234 | 210 |
161 | 146 |
61,5 221
232
227 182
61,0
201 204
205 148
186 187
184 126
Das Spezial-Ricinusöl war ein äthylenoxyd-propylenoxyd
behandeltes Ricinusöl.
Flüssigkeit B (enthaltend 10% »geblasenes Kastoröl«, 5% Triäthylenglykol und 85% hochsiedender
Glykoläther, wobei die letzten beiden Flüssigkeiten geringe Mengen an Korrosionsinhibitoren enthalten;
»geblasenes Kastoröl« wird durch Erhitzen und Blasen von Kastoröl [Ricinusöl] mit Luft erhalten
und hat die folgenden Eigenschaften: Spezifisches Gewicht: 0,0981; Viskosität bei 600C; 585 Redwood-Sekunden;
Säuregehalt berechnet als Oleinsäure: 3,6%), welche einen Anfangssiedepunkt von 2710C
hatte.
Claims (1)
- Patentanspruch:Hydraulische Flüssigkeit mit einer kinematischen Viskosität bei -4O0C von nicht mehr als 500OcSt mit einem Siedepunkt von wenigstens 26O0C auf der Basis von Polyoxyalkylenglykolen und Äthern derselben, gegebenenfalls enthaltend übliche Zusätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens 50 Gewichtsprozent eines Esters der allgemeinen FormelR:worin R ein gerad- oder verzweigtkettiger Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, R1 ein Q-Ct-Alkylrest oder ein Phenylrest, R2 Äthylen, Propylen oder Butylen und η 0 bis 3 ist, enthält^909 506/1474
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB25326/64A GB1083324A (en) | 1964-06-18 | 1964-06-18 | Improvements in or relating to hydraulic fluids |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1288720B true DE1288720B (de) | 1969-02-06 |
DE1288720C2 DE1288720C2 (de) | 1975-01-16 |
Family
ID=10225877
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1965C0036156 Expired DE1288720C2 (de) | 1964-06-18 | 1965-06-18 | Hydraulische fluessigkeiten |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3623987A (de) |
AT (1) | AT279787B (de) |
BE (1) | BE665653A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1288720C2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK123038B (de) |
GB (1) | GB1083324A (de) |
NL (1) | NL6507855A (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009019698A1 (de) * | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-25 | Rhein-Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Neue Schmierleistungsadditive, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3914182A (en) * | 1970-01-20 | 1975-10-21 | Burmah Oil Trading Ltd | Hydraulic fluids |
US3779930A (en) * | 1970-06-16 | 1973-12-18 | Ici Australia Ltd | Fluids |
GB1341901A (en) * | 1971-01-21 | 1973-12-25 | Burmah Oil Trading Ltd | Hydraulic fluids |
US4260505A (en) * | 1978-10-25 | 1981-04-07 | Olin Corporation | Tris-(polyalkoxyalkylated) isocyanurate compounds and their use as functional fluids |
US4719025A (en) * | 1984-08-07 | 1988-01-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Synthetic lubrication oil compositions |
JPH06100881A (ja) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-04-12 | Kyoseki Seihin Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 冷凍機油組成物 |
EP0719311B1 (de) * | 1993-09-14 | 1999-01-20 | Unichema Chemie B.V. | Basis flüssigkeiten |
GB2296714B (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-03-25 | Abbey | Coating composition |
WO2008096845A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-14 | Kokyu Alcohol Kogyo Co., Ltd. | 油剤ならびにそれを含有する潤滑剤、保湿剤および外用剤 |
US11124727B2 (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2021-09-21 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Low VOC lubricant compositions |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2629693A (en) * | 1947-07-01 | 1953-02-24 | Shell Dev | Lubricating composition |
US2542785A (en) * | 1947-12-29 | 1951-02-20 | Du Pont | Hydraulic fluids |
US2916457A (en) * | 1953-12-01 | 1959-12-08 | Hoechst Ag | Pressure transmitting fluids for brakes and hydraulic apparatus |
US2857421A (en) * | 1954-10-27 | 1958-10-21 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Reclamation of used synthetic lubricating oils |
NL247300A (de) * | 1959-01-14 | |||
US3274113A (en) * | 1963-08-28 | 1966-09-20 | Sun Oil Co | Oxidation resistant hydraulic oil |
-
1964
- 1964-06-18 GB GB25326/64A patent/GB1083324A/en not_active Expired
-
1965
- 1965-06-16 DK DK302165AA patent/DK123038B/da unknown
- 1965-06-18 DE DE1965C0036156 patent/DE1288720C2/de not_active Expired
- 1965-06-18 AT AT553565A patent/AT279787B/de active
- 1965-06-18 BE BE665653A patent/BE665653A/xx unknown
- 1965-06-18 NL NL6507855A patent/NL6507855A/xx unknown
-
1970
- 1970-01-08 US US3553A patent/US3623987A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009019698A1 (de) * | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-25 | Rhein-Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Neue Schmierleistungsadditive, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
DE102009019698B4 (de) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-02-23 | Rhein-Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Verwendung von Schmierleistungsadditiven als Schmierstoffe für Metallbearbeitungen oder als Schmierstoffe für Maschinen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3623987A (en) | 1971-11-30 |
GB1083324A (en) | 1967-09-13 |
AT279787B (de) | 1970-03-25 |
DE1288720C2 (de) | 1975-01-16 |
NL6507855A (de) | 1965-12-20 |
BE665653A (de) | 1965-10-18 |
DK123038B (da) | 1972-05-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 |