DE1219590B - Electrical capacitor, the dielectric of which consists of a body made of reduced ceramic with oxidized surface layers - Google Patents
Electrical capacitor, the dielectric of which consists of a body made of reduced ceramic with oxidized surface layersInfo
- Publication number
- DE1219590B DE1219590B DE1961R0029534 DER0029534A DE1219590B DE 1219590 B DE1219590 B DE 1219590B DE 1961R0029534 DE1961R0029534 DE 1961R0029534 DE R0029534 A DER0029534 A DE R0029534A DE 1219590 B DE1219590 B DE 1219590B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric
- ceramic
- surface layers
- oxidized surface
- electrical capacitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100365384 Mus musculus Eefsec gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/08—Inorganic dielectrics
- H01G4/12—Ceramic dielectrics
- H01G4/1272—Semiconductive ceramic capacitors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE
AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL
Int. α.:Int. α .:
HOIgHOIg
Deutsche KL: 21g-10/05 German KL: 21g-10/05
Nummer: 1219 590Number: 1219 590
Aktenzeichen: R 29534 VIII c/21 gFile number: R 29534 VIII c / 21 g
Anmeldetag: 25. Januar 1961Filing date: January 25, 1961
Auslegetag: 23. Juni 1966Opening day: June 23, 1966
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Kondensator, dessen Dielektrikum aus einem Körper aus dicht gesinterter, reduzierter Keramik auf der Basis von Bariumtitanat mit oxydierten Oberflächenschichten besteht, auf die die Kondensatorbeläge aufgebracht sind (sogenannte Sperrschichtkondensatoren).The invention relates to an electrical capacitor whose dielectric consists of a body densely sintered, reduced ceramic based on barium titanate with oxidized surface layers to which the capacitor coatings are applied (so-called junction capacitors).
Hiermit erzielt man im allgemeinen Kapazitätswerte pro Quadratzentimeter, die etwa eine Zehnerpotenz über den bisher üblichen auf der Basis von Titanaten gebräuchlichen Kondensatoren liegen. Diesem Vorteil steht jedoch als Nachteil gegenüber, daß der Isolationswiderstand a) sehr gering ist und b) mit zunehmender Spannung abnimmt. Beide Nachteile können bei der Verwendung derartiger Kondensatoren in Hochfrequenzschaltungen oft nicht hingenommen werden. Dadurch ist die Verwendung derartiger Sperrschichtkondensatoren seither begrenzt. This generally achieves capacitance values per square centimeter that are roughly a power of ten above the capacitors customary on the basis of titanates up to now. However, this advantage is offset by the disadvantage that the insulation resistance a) is very low and b) decreases with increasing tension. Both of these disadvantages can arise when using such capacitors often not acceptable in high-frequency circuits. This is the use such junction capacitors have been limited since then.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei den Kondensatoren der oben angegebenen Art den Isolationswiderstand zu erhöhen und die Spannungsabhängigkeit desselben zu beseitigen. The invention is based on the object of the insulation resistance in the capacitors of the type specified above to increase and eliminate the voltage dependency of the same.
Ein elektrischer Kondensator, dessen Dielektrikum aus einem Körper aus dicht gesinterter, reduzierter Keramik auf der Basis von Bariumtitanat mit oxydierten Oberflächenschichten besteht, auf die die Kondensatorbeläge aufgebracht sind, kennzeichnet sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß die das Dielektrikum bildende Keramik einen Zusatz von bis zu 12%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6% Wismutoxyd enthält.An electrical capacitor whose dielectric consists of a body of densely sintered, reduced Ceramic based on barium titanate with oxidized surface layers on which the Capacitor coatings are applied, is characterized according to the invention in that the dielectric forming ceramic contains an addition of up to 12%, preferably 2 to 6% bismuth oxide.
Es ist bei der Verwendung von Dielektrikum mit hohem Titandioxydgehalt bei elektrischen Kondensatoren
üblicher Bauart bekannt (deutsche Patentschrift 717 682), der das Dielektrikum bildenden
Masse Cadmiumoxyd oder Wismutoxyd zuzusetzen, um im keramischen Brand eine bessere Verdichtung
zu erhalten. Bei derartigen bekannten keramischen Kondensatoren ist der Isolationswiderstand stets hinreichend
groß (1012 Ohm/cm), so daß für derartige Kondensatoren die Aufgabe, den Isolationswiderstand
zu verbessern, nicht besteht. Außerdem ist bekannt, daß durch Zusatz von Cadmium- und Wismutoxyd
gleichzeitig die Durchschlagfestigkeit und der Verlustwinkel des Dielektrikums verbessert werden.
Zwischen der Durchschlagfestigkeit und dem Isolationswiderstand besteht jedoch kein eindeutiger
Zusammenhang, so daß nicht ohne weiteres erkennbar war, daß ein Zusatz von Wismutoxyd zu der
aus Bariumtitanat mit oxydierten Oberflächenschichten bestehenden Keramik, die beim erfindungsgemäßen
Kondensator verwendet wird, auch eine Verbesserung des Isolationswiderstandes bewirkt. So
Elektrischer Kondensator, dessen Dielektrikum
aus einem Körper aus reduzierter Keramik mit
oxydierten Oberflächenschichten bestehtIt is known when using dielectric with a high titanium dioxide content in electrical capacitors of conventional design (German Patent 717 682) to add cadmium oxide or bismuth oxide to the mass forming the dielectric in order to obtain better compression in the ceramic fire. In such known ceramic capacitors, the insulation resistance is always sufficiently high (10 12 ohms / cm), so that the task of improving the insulation resistance does not exist for such capacitors. It is also known that the addition of cadmium and bismuth oxide improves the dielectric strength and the loss angle of the dielectric at the same time. However, there is no clear connection between the dielectric strength and the insulation resistance, so that it was not immediately apparent that the addition of bismuth oxide to the ceramic made of barium titanate with oxidized surface layers, which is used in the capacitor according to the invention, also improves the insulation resistance. So electrical capacitor, its dielectric
from a body made of reduced ceramic with
oxidized surface layers
Anmelder:Applicant:
Rosenthal-Isolatoren G. m. b. H., Selb (Bay.)Rosenthal isolators G. m. B. H., Selb (Bay.)
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Dipl.-Phys. Otto Nögel, Landshut-PieflasDipl.-Phys. Otto Nögel, Landshut Pieflas
ist z. B. der Durchgangswiderstand, der geringer ist als der Isolationswiderstand, von Quarzglas größer als der von Glimmer, obwohl seine Durchschlagsfestigkeit geringer als die von Glimmer ist.is z. B. the volume resistance, which is lower than the insulation resistance, of quartz glass is greater than that of mica, although its dielectric strength is lower than that of mica.
Es läßt sich auch nicht folgern, daß eine Verbesserung des Verlustwinkels eine Verbesserung des Isolationswiderstandes zur Folge haben muß. Bei festen Isolierstoffen, wie denjenigen, die in den bekannten Kondensatoren verwendet wurden, bilden die reinen dielektrischen Verluste den Hauptanteil. Die durch die Leitfähigkeit der Keramik bedingten Verluste sind um Größenordnungen kleiner und daher vernachlässigbar. Nor can it be concluded that an improvement in the loss angle improves the insulation resistance must result. In the case of solid insulating materials, such as those used in the well-known Capacitors were used, the pure dielectric losses make up the main part. By The losses caused by the conductivity of the ceramic are orders of magnitude smaller and therefore negligible.
Den bekannten Anordnungen ist also nicht zu entnehmen, daß der Isolationswiderstand durch den Zusatz von Wismutoxyd erhöht und über einen weiten Bereich spannungsunabhängig gemacht werden kann. Außerdem lassen sich die bei Kondensatoren normaler Bauart gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wegen der unterschiedlichen Wirkungsweise nicht ohne weiteres auf Sperrschichtkondensatoren übertragen. The known arrangements can therefore not be seen that the insulation resistance by the The addition of bismuth oxide can be increased and made voltage-independent over a wide range can. In addition, the knowledge gained with capacitors of normal design can be used not easily transferred to junction capacitors because of the different modes of operation.
Der Beschreibung ist ein Diagramm beigefügt. Darin zeigt die Kurve 1 die Größe und Spannungsabhängigkeit des Isolationswiderstandes bei den bekannten Sperrschichtkondensatoren, die auf der Basis von Bariumtitanat hergestellt sind. Die Kurve 2 zeigt die entsprechenden Werte für den erfindungsgemäßen Kondensator. Der erfindungsgemäß erzielte Vorteil ist aus dem Vergleich dieser beiden Kurven offensichtlich. Es ist anzunehmen, daß das darauf zurückzuführen ist, daß der Oxydationszustand der isolie-A diagram is attached to the description. Curve 1 shows the size and voltage dependency of the insulation resistance in the case of the known junction capacitors, which are based on are made of barium titanate. Curve 2 shows the corresponding values for the one according to the invention Capacitor. The advantage achieved according to the invention is evident from the comparison of these two curves. It can be assumed that this is due to the fact that the oxidation state of the isolate
609 580/311609 580/311
renden Schicht vollkommener ist, als das mit den seither verwendeten keramischen Massen der Fall war.renden layer is more perfect than the case with the ceramic masses used since then was.
Die Höhe des Anteiles von Wismutoxyd in der dielektrischen keramischen Masse ist nicht kritisch. Veränderungen sind in weiten Grenzen möglich.The amount of bismuth oxide in the dielectric ceramic mass is not critical. Changes are possible within wide limits.
Eine erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Masse enthielt beispielsweise 83 Gewichtsprozent BaTiO3, 13°/o CaZrO3 und 4% Bi2O3. Die Masse wird in bekannter Weise durch Mischen der Komponenten in einer Kugelmühle aufbereitet, zu Plättchen gepreßt und bei etwa 1400° C in oxydierender Atmosphäre dicht gesintert und anschließend bei etwa 120O0C bis 13000C reduziert. Die reduzierten Plättchen haben dann einen spezifischen Widerstand von einigen Ohm/cm. Der Oxydationsprozeß erfolgt unter Erhitzung in Luft und kann vorteilhaft mit dem Einbrennen der Kondensatorbeläge verbunden werden. Ein derartig hergestellter Kondensator hatte eine Kapazität von etwa 0,15 μΈ/αη2. A mass produced according to the invention contained, for example, 83 percent by weight BaTiO 3 , 13 % CaZrO 3 and 4% Bi 2 O 3 . The mass is prepared in a known manner by mixing the components in a ball mill, pressed into platelets and dense-sintered at about 1400 ° C in an oxidizing atmosphere and then reduced at about 120O 0 C to 1300 0 C. The reduced platelets then have a specific resistance of a few ohms / cm. The oxidation process takes place with heating in air and can advantageously be combined with the baking of the capacitor coatings. A capacitor produced in this way had a capacity of about 0.15 μΈ / αη 2 .
Der Kondensator hatte einen in einem großen Bereich nahezu spannungsunabhängigen Isolationswiderstand von etwa 108 Ohm/cm. Seine Durchschlagsfestigkeit erreichte zufriedenstellende Werte.The capacitor had an insulation resistance of approximately 10 8 ohms / cm, which was almost voltage-independent over a wide range. Its dielectric strength reached satisfactory values.
Claims (1)
2. Elektrischer Kondensator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die das Dielektrikum bildende Keramik ferner Zusätze von Erdalkalizirkonaten und/oder -stannaten enthält.ίο are, characterized in that the dielectric forming ceramic contains an additive of up to 12%, preferably 2 to 6% bismuth oxide.
2. Electrical capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic forming the dielectric also contains additions of alkaline earth zirconates and / or stannates.
Deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 717 682;
deutsche Auslegeschrift Nr. 1 097 568;
britische Patentschrift Nr. 574 577.Considered publications:
German Patent No. 717 682;
German Auslegeschrift No. 1 097 568;
British Patent No. 574 577.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1961R0029534 DE1219590B (en) | 1961-01-25 | 1961-01-25 | Electrical capacitor, the dielectric of which consists of a body made of reduced ceramic with oxidized surface layers |
GB4402161A GB960492A (en) | 1961-01-25 | 1961-12-08 | A capacitor dielectric |
FR881728A FR1307848A (en) | 1961-01-25 | 1961-12-12 | Large capacity capacitor dielectric |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1961R0029534 DE1219590B (en) | 1961-01-25 | 1961-01-25 | Electrical capacitor, the dielectric of which consists of a body made of reduced ceramic with oxidized surface layers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1219590B true DE1219590B (en) | 1966-06-23 |
Family
ID=7403040
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1961R0029534 Pending DE1219590B (en) | 1961-01-25 | 1961-01-25 | Electrical capacitor, the dielectric of which consists of a body made of reduced ceramic with oxidized surface layers |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1219590B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1307848A (en) |
GB (1) | GB960492A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR90213E (en) * | 1964-04-16 | 1967-11-03 | Ibm | High capacity electronic <micro miniature> decoupling device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE717682C (en) * | 1936-01-31 | 1942-02-19 | Carl Schusterius Dr | Electrical capacitor with a ceramic dielectric containing titanium dioxide |
GB574577A (en) * | 1942-12-08 | 1946-01-11 | Dubilier Condenser Co 1925 Ltd | Improvements in or relating to ceramic compositions |
DE1097568B (en) * | 1955-05-27 | 1961-01-19 | Globe Union Inc | Process for the production of a semiconductor device with a uniformly sintered body made of alkaline earth titanates |
-
1961
- 1961-01-25 DE DE1961R0029534 patent/DE1219590B/en active Pending
- 1961-12-08 GB GB4402161A patent/GB960492A/en not_active Expired
- 1961-12-12 FR FR881728A patent/FR1307848A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE717682C (en) * | 1936-01-31 | 1942-02-19 | Carl Schusterius Dr | Electrical capacitor with a ceramic dielectric containing titanium dioxide |
GB574577A (en) * | 1942-12-08 | 1946-01-11 | Dubilier Condenser Co 1925 Ltd | Improvements in or relating to ceramic compositions |
DE1097568B (en) * | 1955-05-27 | 1961-01-19 | Globe Union Inc | Process for the production of a semiconductor device with a uniformly sintered body made of alkaline earth titanates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB960492A (en) | 1964-06-10 |
FR1307848A (en) | 1962-10-26 |
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