DE10233547A1 - Fire smoke and hot gas generation and investigation method, uses environmental-friendly fuel and smoke generator to produce hot gas and smoke, the behavior of which can be monitored and reported - Google Patents

Fire smoke and hot gas generation and investigation method, uses environmental-friendly fuel and smoke generator to produce hot gas and smoke, the behavior of which can be monitored and reported Download PDF

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DE10233547A1
DE10233547A1 DE2002133547 DE10233547A DE10233547A1 DE 10233547 A1 DE10233547 A1 DE 10233547A1 DE 2002133547 DE2002133547 DE 2002133547 DE 10233547 A DE10233547 A DE 10233547A DE 10233547 A1 DE10233547 A1 DE 10233547A1
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smoke
fire
hot gas
behavior
reported
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Huegin Lothar Dipl-Ing
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/14Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits
    • G08B29/145Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0081Training methods or equipment for fire-fighting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The method uses a burner (1) and a control computer or box (4). An environmentally-friendly fuel e.g. propane, is used in the burner while environmentally friendly, artificial, heat-resistant smoke is generated with a smoke generator (7). The smoke is sucked into the vacuum area around the flame, so that the propagation of heat and smoke from the fire can be investigated.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren, bei dem mit einem umweltfreundlich, rückstandsfrei verbrennendem Brennstoff (vorzugsweise ein brennbares Gas z.B. Propan) in Verbindung mit einem umweltfreundlichen künstlich erzeugten Rauch realitätsnah Brandereignisse dargestellt werden können. Hierbei wird in den Heißgasstrom eines kontrollierten Feuers ein hitzebeständiger Rauch eingesaugt. Durch die Thermik des Feuers steigt der Rauch, entsprechend der Realität, nach oben. Mit diesem Verfahren kann das Ausbreitungsverhalten von Brandrauch nachgestellt bzw. dokumentiert werden.The invention relates to a method where with an environmentally friendly, residue-free burning Fuel (preferably a flammable gas e.g. propane) with an environmentally friendly artificial smoke generated realistic fire events can be displayed. This is in the hot gas flow a heat-resistant smoke is sucked in from a controlled fire. By the thermal of the fire, the smoke rises, according to the reality above. With this procedure, the spreading behavior of fire smoke can be reproduced or documented.

Zur Beurteilung des Rauchausbreitungsverhaltens gewinnt das Thema „Verrauchung von Gebäuden" im Bereich des Baulichen Brandschutzes bereits in der Baugenehmigungsphase immer mehr an Bedeutung. Rauch ist wesentlich gefährlicher als das eigentliche Feuer, dies haben Brandereignisse wie am Flughafen Düsseldort, im Monte Blance Tunnel, Kaprun Bahn usw. immer wieder gezeigt und alleine in Deutschland sterben jährlich ca. 700 Menschen bei Bränden im wesentlichen durch die Brandraucheinwirkung.To assess the smoke spread behavior wins the topic "Smoke of buildings " in the area of structural fire protection already in the building permit phase more and more important. Smoke is much more dangerous than the real fire, these have fire events like at the airport Düssel There, repeatedly shown in the Monte Blance Tunnel, Kaprun Bahn etc. and in Germany alone die annually about 700 people in fires essentially through the effects of fire smoke.

Durch die inzwischen immer komplexere und größere Bauweise, lassen sich im Baugenehmigungsverfahren die Gebäude immer schwieriger brandschutztechnisch beurteilen.Due to the increasingly complex and bigger construction, Buildings are becoming increasingly difficult to use in terms of fire protection in the building permit procedure judge.

Diese Gebäude werden baurechtlich als bauliche Anlagen besonderer Art oder Nutzung eingestuft. Die brandschutztechnischen Belange werden nach den einschlägigen Gesetzen Landesbauverordnungen, Richtlinien und Verordnungen usw. und nach „menschlichem Ermessen" beurteilt.In terms of building law, these buildings are considered structural Classes of special types or uses. The fire protection Issues are addressed according to the relevant Laws state building regulations, guidelines and ordinances etc. and after "human Discretion ".

Rauchversuche werden daher immer häufiger von der Baugenehmigungsbehörde verlangt. Hierbei bleiben jedoch meist Fragen nach dem eigentlichen Ziel und der Aussagekraft solcher Versuche für die Beurteilung der Brandsicherheit offen. Rauchversuche sollen dazu dienen, die Funktionsfähigkeit und/oder die Wirksamkeit z.B. von Rauch- und Wärmeabzugsanlagen, Lösch- und Brandmeldeanlagen experimentell zu überprüfen, sowie das Rauchausbreitungsverhalten zu dokumentieren. Eine besonders hohe Bedeutung erhalten Rauchversuche in Gebäuden, wenn sie zur Überprüfung der Sicherheit von Flucht- und Rettungswegen eingesetzt werden.Smoking attempts are therefore always frequently by the building permit authority required. However, there are usually questions about the real thing The aim and the informative value of such tests for assessing fire safety open. Smoke tests are supposed to serve the functionality and / or the effectiveness e.g. of smoke and heat exhaust systems, extinguishing and Check fire alarm systems experimentally, as well as the smoke propagation behavior to document. Smoking experiments are of particular importance in buildings, when to check security of escape and rescue routes.

Bekannte Verfahren nutzen z.B. Ventilatoren oder die Beimischung von Helium, um den Rauch nach oben aufsteigen zu lassen. Diese Verfahren werden deshalb angewandt, weil der eingesetzte künstliche Rauch (in der Regel auf Wasser-Glykolbasis/Diskonebel) nicht erhitzt werden kann, weil der Rauch bereits bei Temperaturen zwischen 40°C und 60°C zerfällt. Ein bekanntes Verfahren nutzt die Auftriebskraft des Feuers ( DE 199 26 773 A1 ).Known methods use, for example, fans or the addition of helium to let the smoke rise. These methods are used because the artificial smoke used (usually water-glycol-based / disco fog) cannot be heated because the smoke decays at temperatures between 40 ° C and 60 ° C. A known method uses the buoyancy of the fire ( DE 199 26 773 A1 ).

Bei diesem uns ähnelten Verfahren wird in einen Heißgasstrom ein nach Volumen und Trübung steuerbarer Paraffinaerosol-Kaltrauch injiziert. Die Temperatur des Heiß gasstromes übersteigt jedoch hier nicht 185°C.This procedure, which is similar to us, is divided into one Hot gas stream a controllable according to volume and turbidity Paraffin aerosol cold smoke injected. The temperature of the hot gas flow exceeds but not 185 ° C here.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Eingangs bezeichnete Verfahren so auszubilden, dass die thermische Kraft eines kontrollierten und Umweltfreundlichen Feuers den künstlich erzeugten Rauch über den Unterdruckbereich des Feuers selbst in den Heißgasstrom einsaugt (also nicht injiziert) und somit einem Realfeuer am ehestem ähnelt.In contrast, the invention is the The task is to develop the method described at the outset in such a way that the thermal power of a controlled and environmentally friendly Fire it artificially generated smoke over the negative pressure area of the fire itself into the hot gas flow sucked in (i.e. not injected) and thus most closely resembles a real fire.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Serve to solve this task the characterizing features of claim 1. Further advantageous Features of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit den beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is hereinafter in Connection explained in more detail with the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 und 2 Prinzipskizze des Verfahrens 1 and 2 Outline of the procedure

3 Prinzipskizze für weitere Verfahrensbeispiele 3 Principle sketch for further process examples

Nach 1/2 besteht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren aus mehreren Teilen. Ein Brenner (1) sorgt für die Erzeugung des Feuers (2) und daraus resultierend für den Heißgasstrom (3). Aus Umweltschutzgründen wird das Feuer z.B. mit Propangas betrieben. Mit einem Steuerkasten/Steuercomputer (4) der Gasleitung (5) und el. Steuerleitung (6) werden unterschiedliche Flammenbilder in einem definierten Abstand und einem bestimmten verstellbaren Winkel (8) wird mindestens 1 Rauchgenerator (7) aufgestellt. Der erzeugte Rauch (9) (auf Ölbasis) ist bei Temperaturen von > 185°C noch hitzebeständig.To 1 / 2 the inventive method consists of several parts. A burner ( 1 ) creates the fire ( 2 ) and resulting for the hot gas flow ( 3 ). For environmental reasons, the fire is operated with propane gas, for example. With a control box / control computer ( 4 ) the gas pipe ( 5 ) and el. control line ( 6 ) different flame patterns at a defined distance and a certain adjustable angle ( 8th ) at least 1 smoke generator ( 7 ) set up. The smoke generated ( 9 ) (oil-based) is still heat-resistant at temperatures of> 185 ° C.

Bei der Verbrennung entstehen im Bereich der Flamme unterschiedliche Druckverhältnisse. Durch die thermische Kraft entsteht seitlich des Feuers Unterdruck (10), hier wird auch der für den Verbrennungsvorgang erforderliche Sauerstoff eingezogen. Diese Situation wird für die Einleitung des Rauches genutzt, d.h. ein oder mehrere Rauchgeneratoren (7) werden in unterschiedlich definierten Abständen und Anstellwinkeln so stationiert, dass der Rauch weitestgehend in den Heißgasstrom (3) eingesogen wird.During combustion, different pressure conditions arise in the area of the flame. The thermal force creates negative pressure on the side of the fire ( 10 ), the oxygen required for the combustion process is also drawn in here. This situation is used for the introduction of smoke, ie one or more smoke generators ( 7 ) are stationed at differently defined distances and angles of attack so that the smoke is largely in the hot gas flow ( 3 ) is sucked in.

2 zeigt die Darstellungen eines realistischen Brandszenario, wie z.B. nichtbrennbare Attrappen wie Papierkorb (11), Bildschirm, Elektromotor, Flächenfeuer usw. 2 shows the representations of a realistic fire scenario, such as non-combustible dummies such as trash ( 11 ), Screen, electric motor, bonfire etc.

3 zeigt, dass das Verfahren mit unterschiedlicher Brandintensität beliebig erweitert werden kann. In Abhängigkeit des zu verrauchenden Objektes können weitere Brenner (1) kombiniert werden. Die erforderlich höheren Rauchmengen lassen sich durch weitere Rauchgeneratoren (7) mit den unterschiedlichsten Kombinationsmöglichkeiten (z.B. beidseitig der Brandfläche) erzielen. 3 shows that the process can be expanded with different fire intensities. Depending on the object to be used, additional burners ( 1 ) be combined. The required higher smoke quantities can be reduced by additional smoke generators ( 7 ) with a wide variety of possible combinations (e.g. on both sides of the fire area).

Die Dokumentation des Rauchausbreitungsverhaltens und die Erfassung der technischen Daten (wie z.B. Rauchvolumen, Temperaturen, Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten) werden mit den allgemein bekannten und anerkannten Gerätschaften (z.B. Videokamera, Foto, Messgeräte usw.) durchgeführt.Documentation of smoke propagation behavior and recording of technical data (such as smoke volume, temperatures, flow speeds) are carried out with the generally known and recognized equipment (e.g. video camera, photo, measuring devices, etc.).

Claims (5)

Verfahren zur Überprüfung des Ausbreitungsverhaltens von Brandrauch, das zur Erzeugung des umweltfreundlichen Feuers und Heißstromgases wenigstens einen Brenner (1) sowie Steuerkasten/Steuercomputer (4) benutzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der künstlich erzeugte Rauch (9) durch unterschiedlich definierte Abstände und Anstellwinkel (8) in die Unterdruckbereiche (10) des Feuers (2) eingesogen wird.Method for checking the propagation behavior of fire smoke, which uses at least one burner to generate the environmentally friendly fire and hot-current gas ( 1 Used), and the control box / control computer (4), characterized in that the smoke artificially produced ( 9 ) through differently defined distances and angles of attack ( 8th ) in the vacuum areas ( 10 ) of fire ( 2 ) is sucked in. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der künstliche Rauch eine Hitzebeständigkeit bei > 185°C aufweist.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial Smoke a heat resistance at> 185 ° C. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der künstliche Rauch umweltfreundlich und gesundheitsunbedenklich ist.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial Smoke is environmentally friendly and harmless to health. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass verschiedenartige Brandszenarien, wie Papierkorbbrand, Monitorbrand, Elektromotorbrand, Verteilerschrankbrand, Flächenbrand dargestellt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that different types Fire scenarios, such as wastebasket fire, monitor fire, electric motor fire, Distribution cabinet fire, surface fire being represented. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brenner zur Erzeugung des Feuers kontrollierbar, und mit einer Notausfunktion versehen ist.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Controllable burner for generating the fire, and with an emergency stop function is provided.
DE2002133547 2002-07-23 2002-07-23 Fire smoke and hot gas generation and investigation method, uses environmental-friendly fuel and smoke generator to produce hot gas and smoke, the behavior of which can be monitored and reported Withdrawn DE10233547A1 (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1829584A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-05 I.F.I. Institut für Industrieaerodynamik GmbH Simulation of smoke gas during fire tests
FR2939549A1 (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-11 William Segonne Thermal phenomena demonstrating and studying device for e.g. training firefighter, has fitting element constituted of main piece and roof that are integrated together, where fitting element is provided with handles
CN101474467B (en) * 2008-12-05 2011-11-30 中国科学技术大学 Novel device for testing hot smoke
WO2012076819A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 C.S.T.B Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment Device for making smoke intended notably for firefighting training exercises.
EP2857791A1 (en) 2013-10-07 2015-04-08 Basler & Hoffmann AG Ingenieure Planer und Berater Real fire simulation device and method for simulating a real fire
DE102023106658B3 (en) 2023-03-16 2024-06-13 hhpberlin Ingenieure für Brandschutz GmbH Method and device for reproducibly simulating a fire

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3924664C1 (en) * 1989-07-26 1990-10-11 Gilbert 3180 Wolfsburg De Goehner System for fire fighting drill - has fire simulating gas burner, controlled by valves, and water collector with level sensors
DE4115523C2 (en) * 1991-05-11 1994-07-14 Werner Prof Dr Ing Moeller Method and device for extinguishing fires, in particular oil fires
DE68925276T2 (en) * 1988-08-30 1996-05-15 Symtron Systems Inc EXERCISE DEVICE FOR THE FIREFIGHTER
EP0614562B1 (en) * 1991-11-25 1999-01-27 Aai Corporation Firefighter training system with thermal agent detection
DE19926773A1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-14 Brandschutz Consult Igenieurgm Procedure for testing the operation of fire warning and reporting devices together with smoke extraction plants in buildings by generation of a hot gas and injection of smoke particles and frozen air into the flow

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE68925276T2 (en) * 1988-08-30 1996-05-15 Symtron Systems Inc EXERCISE DEVICE FOR THE FIREFIGHTER
DE3924664C1 (en) * 1989-07-26 1990-10-11 Gilbert 3180 Wolfsburg De Goehner System for fire fighting drill - has fire simulating gas burner, controlled by valves, and water collector with level sensors
DE4115523C2 (en) * 1991-05-11 1994-07-14 Werner Prof Dr Ing Moeller Method and device for extinguishing fires, in particular oil fires
EP0614562B1 (en) * 1991-11-25 1999-01-27 Aai Corporation Firefighter training system with thermal agent detection
DE19926773A1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-14 Brandschutz Consult Igenieurgm Procedure for testing the operation of fire warning and reporting devices together with smoke extraction plants in buildings by generation of a hot gas and injection of smoke particles and frozen air into the flow

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1829584A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-05 I.F.I. Institut für Industrieaerodynamik GmbH Simulation of smoke gas during fire tests
CN101474467B (en) * 2008-12-05 2011-11-30 中国科学技术大学 Novel device for testing hot smoke
FR2939549A1 (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-11 William Segonne Thermal phenomena demonstrating and studying device for e.g. training firefighter, has fitting element constituted of main piece and roof that are integrated together, where fitting element is provided with handles
WO2012076819A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 C.S.T.B Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment Device for making smoke intended notably for firefighting training exercises.
FR2968654A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-15 Ct Scient Tech Batiment Cstb DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING SMOKE INTENDED PARTICULARLY FOR FIRE FIGHTING EXERCISES
EP2857791A1 (en) 2013-10-07 2015-04-08 Basler & Hoffmann AG Ingenieure Planer und Berater Real fire simulation device and method for simulating a real fire
CH708664A1 (en) * 2013-10-07 2015-04-15 Basler & Hofmann Ag Real fire simulation apparatus and method for simulating a real fire.
DE102023106658B3 (en) 2023-03-16 2024-06-13 hhpberlin Ingenieure für Brandschutz GmbH Method and device for reproducibly simulating a fire

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