DE102015223689A1 - Method for calculating and applying a monitoring criterion - Google Patents
Method for calculating and applying a monitoring criterion Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
- F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
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- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/24—Determining the presence or absence of an exhaust treating device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/12—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1626—Catalyst activation temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Berechnung eines Überwachungskriteriums, welches ein Indikator für die Anwesenheit eines zeolithhaltigen SCR-Katalysators (4) in einem Abgasstrang (1) eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist, wobei das Überwachungskriterium berechnet wird, indem zeitliche Temperaturverläufe stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators (4) verglichen werden. Des Weiteren betritt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Anwendung des Überwachungskriteriums, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst: Zunächst wird geprüft, ob eine Ausheizbedingung für den SCR-Katalysator (4) erfüllt ist. Nachfolgend wird die Berechnung des Überwachungskriteriums und einer im SCR-Katalysator (4) gespeicherten Wassermenge gestartet. Im nächsten Schritt wird geprüft, ob eine ausreichende Menge Wasser den SCR-Katalysator (4) seit dem Motorstart erreicht hat. Am Ende des Verfahrens wird auf die Anwesenheit eines SCR-Katalysators (4) im Abgasstrang (1) geschlossen.The invention relates to a method for calculating a monitoring criterion, which is an indicator of the presence of a zeolite-containing SCR catalyst (4) in an exhaust line (1) of a motor vehicle, wherein the monitoring criterion is calculated by temporal temperature profiles upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst (4) are compared. Furthermore, the invention enters a method for the application of the monitoring criterion, the method comprising the following steps: First, it is checked whether a heating condition for the SCR catalytic converter (4) is fulfilled. Subsequently, the calculation of the monitoring criterion and a quantity of water stored in the SCR catalytic converter (4) is started. In the next step, it is checked whether a sufficient amount of water has reached the SCR catalytic converter (4) since the engine started. At the end of the process, the presence of an SCR catalyst (4) in the exhaust line (1) is concluded.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft je ein Verfahren zur Berechnung und zur Anwendung eines Überwachungskriteriums, welches ein Indikator für die Anwesenheit eines zeolithhaltigen SCR-Katalysators in einem Abgasstrang eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung zwei Computerprogramme, die jeden Schritt der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Berechnung und zur Anwendung des Überwachungskriteriums ausführen, wenn sie auf einem Rechengerät ablaufen, sowie ein maschinenlesbares Speichermedium, welches die Computerprogramme speichert. Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung ein elektronisches Steuergerät, welches eingerichtet ist, um die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auszuführen.The present invention relates to a method for calculating and applying a monitoring criterion, which is an indicator of the presence of a zeolite-containing SCR catalyst in an exhaust system of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to two computer programs that perform each step of the inventive method for calculating and applying the monitoring criterion when they run on a computing device, as well as a machine-readable storage medium, which stores the computer programs. Finally, the invention relates to an electronic control unit which is set up to carry out the methods according to the invention.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Da immer strengere Grenzwerte für NOx-Emissionen (Stickoxid-Emissionen) eingeführt werden, werden verschiedenste Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien entwickelt, um eine Kontrolle der NOx-Emissionen im Abgas eines Dieselmotors zu erreichen. Eine dieser Technologien zur Abgasnachbehandlung ist die selektive katalytische Reduktion in einem SCR-Katalysator. Dabei werden die im Abgas enthaltenen Stickoxide am SCR-Katalysator mithilfe von Ammoniak zu Stickstoff (N2) reduziert. Obwohl im Falle einer Verwendung eines SCR-Katalysators in motorferner Bauweise im Abgassystem die Alterung eines solchen SCR-Katalysators relativ begrenzt ist, da der SCR-Katalysator dann seltener hohen Temperaturen aufgrund des heißen Abgases ausgesetzt ist, ist zur Einhaltung der Emissionsvorschriften eine Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit des SCR-Katalysators erforderlich.As more and more stringent NOx emission (NOx) limits are introduced, a variety of exhaust aftertreatment technologies are being developed to control NOx emissions in the exhaust of a diesel engine. One of these exhaust aftertreatment technologies is selective catalytic reduction in an SCR catalyst. The nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas are reduced on the SCR catalytic converter by means of ammonia to nitrogen (N 2 ). Although in the case of using an SCR catalyst with a remote engine design in the exhaust system, the aging of such an SCR catalyst is relatively limited, since the SCR catalyst is then exposed to high temperatures due to the hot hot exhaust gas, compliance with emission requirements is a monitoring of the functionality of the SCR catalyst required.
Heutige SCR-Katalysatoren bestehen aus mehreren Komponenten. Auf einem wabenförmigen Trägermaterial befindet sich der sogenannte Washcoat, welcher unter anderem aus Zeolith besteht. Zeolith ist ein kristallines, sehr feinporöses Material und dient zur Oberflächenvergrößerung. Im Washcoat bzw. an dessen Oberfläche sind die katalytisch aktiven Metalle, wie beispielsweise Kupfer oder Eisen, eingelagert. Es ist bekannt, dass Zeolithe Wasser und andere niedermolekulare Stoffe aufnehmen und beim Erhitzen wieder abgeben können, ohne dass ihre Kristallstruktur dabei zerstört wird. Eine charakteristische Größe zur Bewertung der Auswirkung der Adsorptions- und Desorptionseffekte von Wasser am Zeolith ist die Adsorptionsenthalpie. Sie beschreibt die Zu- oder Abnahme des Energieinhalts des thermodynamischen Systems Abgas-Zeolith/SCR-Katalysator. Today's SCR catalysts consist of several components. On a honeycomb-shaped carrier material is the so-called washcoat, which consists inter alia of zeolite. Zeolite is a crystalline, very finely porous material and is used for surface enlargement. In the washcoat or on its surface, the catalytically active metals, such as copper or iron, are embedded. It is known that zeolites can absorb water and other low molecular weight substances and release them again on heating, without their crystal structure being destroyed. A characteristic parameter for evaluating the effect of the adsorption and desorption effects of water on the zeolite is the adsorption enthalpy. It describes the increase or decrease in the energy content of the thermodynamic system exhaust gas zeolite / SCR catalyst.
In der
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Berechnung eines Überwachungskriteriums, welches ein Indikator für die Anwesenheit eines zeolithhaltigen SCR-Katalysators in einem Abgasstrang eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist, wird dieses Überwachungskriterium berechnet, indem zeitliche Temperaturverläufe stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators verglichen werden. Die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungskriteriums ist besonders vorteilhaft, da die schwer beschreibbaren Temperatureffekte durch Adsorption und Desorption von Wasser am Zeolith nicht in einem Modellwert abgebildet werden müssen, also somit kein Temperaturmodell für die Anwesenheitskontrolle des SCR-Katalysators notwendig ist. Des Weiteren ist zur Bestimmung des Überwachungskriteriums lediglich ein Temperatursensor stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators notwendig, so dass auf den Einbau eines NOx-Sensors stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators verzichtet werden kann. Letzteres wäre aufwendiger und teurer als der Einsatz eines Temperatursensors. In the inventive method for calculating a monitoring criterion, which is an indicator of the presence of a zeolite-containing SCR catalyst in an exhaust system of a motor vehicle, this monitoring criterion is calculated by comparing temporal temperature profiles upstream and downstream of the SCR catalytic converter. The use of the monitoring criterion according to the invention is particularly advantageous because the difficult-to-describe temperature effects due to adsorption and desorption of water on the zeolite need not be mapped in a model value, thus no temperature model is necessary for the presence control of the SCR catalyst. Furthermore, to determine the monitoring criterion, only one temperature sensor downstream of the SCR catalytic converter is necessary, so that the installation of a NOx sensor downstream of the SCR catalytic converter can be dispensed with. The latter would be more expensive and more expensive than the use of a temperature sensor.
Insbesondere wird der Wert des Überwachungskriteriums in Abhängigkeit von der Wassermenge, die den SCR-Katalysator erreicht hat, berechnet. Dieses Vorgehen ist sehr vorteilhaft, da auf diese Weise die exo- und endothermen Eigenschaften des SCR-Katalysators bei Adsorption und Desorption von Wasser, welche einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Temperaturverläufe haben, optimal berücksichtigt werden. Wird der Zeitpunkt des Vergleichs der Temperaturverläufe stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators zu früh gewählt, so sind die Temperaturunterschiede eventuell noch nicht gut genug ausgeprägt, da die Exothermie der Wasseradsorption noch nicht richtig begonnen hat. Wählt man hingegen den Zeitpunkt des Vergleichs zu spät, so hat bereits eine größere Menge Wasser den SCR-Katalysator durchströmt und die Ad- und Desorptionseffekte sind möglicherweise bereits abgelaufen, so dass sich nur noch geringere Unterschiede in den Temperaturen ergeben.In particular, the value of the monitoring criterion is calculated as a function of the amount of water that has reached the SCR catalyst. This procedure is very advantageous, since in this way the exo- and endothermic properties of the SCR catalyst are optimally taken into account in the adsorption and desorption of water, which have a significant influence on the temperature profiles. Will the timing of the comparison of the temperature curves upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst too early The temperature differences may not be good enough, as the exothermicity of the water adsorption has not yet started properly. On the other hand, if one chooses the time of the comparison too late, a larger amount of water has already passed through the SCR catalyst and the adsorption and desorption effects may have already expired, resulting in only minor differences in the temperatures.
Vorteilhafterweise wird der Wert des Überwachungskriteriums in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des Verbrennungsmotors beim Starten berechnet. Durch dieses besonders vorteilhafte Vorgehen ist gewährleistet, dass der Einfluss der Starttemperatur des Verbrennungsmotors auf die Ausprägung des Temperatureffekts mit berücksichtigt wird. Wird der Verbrennungsmotor im „warmen“ Zustand wieder gestartet, so kann der Temperatureffekt der Ad- und Desorption von Wasser kürzer und schwächer ausfallen, da sich bei höheren Temperaturen die beiden Effekte überlagern bzw. weniger ausgeprägt sind. Eine eindeutige Aussage über die Anwesenheit eines SCR-Katalysators wird daher begünstigt, wenn die Bewertung des Überwachungskriteriums bei niedrigen Motortemperaturen, am besten bei einem Kaltstart, durchgeführt wird.Advantageously, the value of the monitoring criterion is calculated as a function of the temperature of the internal combustion engine at startup. This particularly advantageous procedure ensures that the influence of the starting temperature of the internal combustion engine on the manifestation of the temperature effect is taken into account. If the internal combustion engine is restarted in the "warm" state, the temperature effect of the adsorption and desorption of water can be shorter and weaker, since at higher temperatures the two effects are superimposed or less pronounced. A clear indication of the presence of an SCR catalyst is therefore favored if the assessment of the monitoring criterion is carried out at low engine temperatures, preferably at a cold start.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Überwachungskriterium mittels einer Kreuzkorrelation der zeitlichen Temperaturverläufe oder der zeitlichen Temperaturgradientenverläufe stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators berechnet. Dabei wird unter dem Temperaturgradienten das bandpassgefilterte Temperatursignal verstanden, welches der tiefpassgefilterten ersten Ableitung des Temperatursignals entspricht. Die Berechnung der Kreuzkorrelation der zeitlichen Temperaturverläufe wird wie folgt durchgeführt:
In einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Überwachungskriterium vorzugsweise mittels einer Energiekreuzkorrelation der zeitlichen Temperaturverläufe oder der zeitlichen Temperaturgradientenverläufe stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators berechnet. Die normierte Energiekreuzkorrelation der Temperatursignale stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators berechnet sich wie folgt: wobei ECrssCorr die Energiekreuzkorrelation ist und die anderen Variablen die gleiche Bedeutung haben wie in Formel (1). Für die Berechnung der Energiekreuzkorrelation der Temperaturgradientensignale gelten die gleichen Vorschriften, welche oben schon im Zusammenhang mit der Kreuzkorrelation genannt wurden.In another embodiment of the invention, the monitoring criterion is preferably calculated by means of an energy cross-correlation of the temporal temperature profiles or the temporal temperature gradient profiles upstream and downstream of the SCR catalytic converter. The normalized energy cross-correlation of the temperature signals upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst is calculated as follows: where E CrssCorr is the energy cross-correlation and the other variables have the same meaning as in formula (1). For the calculation of the energy cross-correlation of the temperature gradient signals, the same rules apply, which have already been mentioned above in connection with the cross-correlation.
In einer noch anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Überwachungskriterium vorteilhafter Weise mittels einer quadratischen Energiekreuzkorrelation der zeitlichen Temperaturverläufe stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators wie folgt berechnet: wobei E2 CrssCorr die quadratische Energiekreuzkorrelation ist und die übrigen Variablen die gleiche Bedeutung haben wie in Formel (1) und (2). Auch im Fall der quadratischen Energiekreuzkorrelation kann durch einfaches Ersetzen die quadratische Energiekreuzkorrelation der Temperaturgradientensignale berechnet werden (vergleiche Vorschrift zur Berechnung der Kreuzkorrelation). Die quadratische Energiekreuzkorrelation wird vorteilhafter Weise zur vereinfachten Berechnung verwendet. Ist das Ergebnis der Kreuzkorrelation bzw. der Energiekreuzkorrelation gleich Null, so stehen die beiden miteinander verglichenen Temperatursignale in keiner Beziehung zueinander, d.h. sie sind nicht korreliert. Je größer der betragsmäßige Wert des Ergebnisses der Korrelationen ist, desto ähnlicher sind sich die beiden Temperatursignale. Erreicht das Ergebnis der Korrelationen den maximalen Wert Eins, so korrelieren die verglichenen Temperatursignale bei einer Verschiebung um die Totzeit τ. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the monitoring criterion is advantageously calculated by means of a quadratic energy cross-correlation of the temporal temperature profiles upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst as follows: where E 2 CrssCorr is the quadratic energy cross-correlation and the remaining variables have the same meaning as in formulas (1) and (2). Also in the case of the quadratic energy cross correlation, the quadratic energy cross correlation of the temperature gradient signals can be calculated by simple substitution (compare rule for calculating the cross correlation). The quadratic energy cross correlation is advantageously used for simplified calculation. If the result of the cross-correlation or the energy cross-correlation is equal to zero, then the two temperature signals compared with each other are not related to one another, ie they are not correlated. The larger the magnitude value of the result of the correlations, the more similar the two temperature signals. If the result of the correlations reaches the maximum value one, then the compared temperature signals correlate with a shift by the dead time τ.
Aufgrund der charakteristischen Temperatureffekte der Zeolithbeschichtung im SCR-Katalysator unterscheiden sich die Temperatursignale stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators in der Ad- und Desorptionsphase stark voneinander. Daher entspricht ein niedriges Ergebnis der Korrelation, also ein niedriger Wert des Überwachungskriteriums, dem Fall, dass ein SCR-Katalysator im Abgasstrang vorhanden ist. Ist kein SCR-Katalysator im Abgasstrang vorhanden, oder ist dessen Zeolithbeschichtung nicht mehr einwandfrei funktionsfähig, dann ähneln sich die Temperatursignale stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators. Dies entspricht einem hohen Korrelationswert.Due to the characteristic temperature effects of the zeolite coating in the SCR catalyst, the temperature signals upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst differ greatly in the adsorption and desorption phases. Therefore, a low result of the correlation, that is, a low value of the monitoring criterion, corresponds to the case that an SCR catalyst is present in the exhaust line. If no SCR catalyst is present in the exhaust line, or if its zeolite coating is no longer functioning properly, then the temperature signals are similar upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst. This corresponds to a high correlation value.
Bevorzugter Weise werden sowohl der Temperaturverlauf stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators als auch der Temperaturverlauf stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators mit einem Temperatursensor gemessen. Ein Vorteil dieses Vorgehens ist, dass auf diese Weise die schwer beschreibbaren Temperatureffekte durch Adsorption und Desorption von Wasser am Zeolith nicht in einem Modellwert abgebildet werden müssen.Preferably, both the temperature profile upstream of the SCR catalyst and the temperature profile downstream of the SCR catalyst are measured with a temperature sensor. An advantage of this procedure is that in this way the difficult-to-describe temperature effects due to adsorption and desorption of water on the zeolite need not be modeled.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Temperaturverlauf stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators durch einen berechneten Modelltemperaturverlauf angegeben. Damit kann vorteilhafter Weise auf den Temperatursensor stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators verzichtet werden. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature profile upstream of the SCR catalyst is indicated by a calculated model temperature profile. This can advantageously be dispensed with the temperature sensor upstream of the SCR catalyst.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Berechnung des Überwachungskriteriums läuft insbesondere in mehreren Schritten ab. Zunächst wird geprüft, ob eine Ausheizbedingung für den SCR-Katalysator erfüllt ist. Es wird also zu Beginn eines jeden Fahrzyklus geprüft, ob der SCR-Katalysator im vorherigen Fahrzyklus unter ausreichend hohen Temperaturen betrieben wurde und somit das in der Zeolithbeschichtung gebundene Wasser wieder ausreichend ausgetrieben werden konnte. Dazu werden beispielsweise die Motorabstellzeit, die Start- und/oder Endtemperatur des Systems und/oder die Durchschnitts- oder Maximaltemperatur herangezogen. Auch die aufsummierte Wärmemenge, die den SCR-Katalysator im vorherigen Fahrzyklus passiert hat, kann als Maß für den Ausheizzustand des SCR-Katalysators genutzt werden. Nachfolgend wird die Berechnung des Überwachungskriteriums und einer im SCR-Katalysator gespeicherten Wassermenge gestartet. Anschließend wird geprüft, ob eine ausreichende Menge Wasser den SCR-Katalysator seit dem Motorstart erreicht hat.The inventive method for calculating the monitoring criterion runs in particular in several steps. First, it is checked whether a heating condition for the SCR catalyst is met. It is therefore checked at the beginning of each driving cycle, whether the SCR catalyst was operated in the previous driving cycle at sufficiently high temperatures and thus the bound in the zeolite coating water could be sufficiently expelled again. For this purpose, for example, the engine stop time, the start and / or end temperature of the system and / or the average or maximum temperature are used. The cumulative amount of heat that has passed through the SCR catalytic converter in the previous drive cycle can also be used as a measure of the heat-up state of the SCR catalytic converter. Subsequently, the calculation of the monitoring criterion and a quantity of water stored in the SCR catalytic converter is started. It is then checked whether a sufficient amount of water has reached the SCR catalytic converter since the engine started.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Anwendung des berechneten Überwachungskriteriums umfasst, dass auf die Anwesenheit eines SCR-Katalysators im Abgasstrang geschlossen wird, nachdem die Schritte des Verfahrens zur Berechnung des Überwachungskriteriums durchgeführt wurden. Mithilfe dieser beiden Verfahren ist es vorteilhafter Weise möglich, auf einfache Weise ein Überwachungskriterium zu berechnen, mittels dessen auf die Anwesenheit bzw. Funktionstüchtigkeit eines SCR-Katalysators in einem Abgasstrang eines Kraftfahrzeugs geschlossen werden kann, wobei die Temperatureffekte an der Zeolithbeschichtung des SCR-Katalysators mit berücksichtigt werden. The method according to the invention for the application of the calculated monitoring criterion comprises concluding the presence of an SCR catalytic converter in the exhaust gas line after the steps of the method for calculating the monitoring criterion have been carried out. Using these two methods, it is advantageously possible to easily calculate a monitoring criterion by means of which the presence or functionality of an SCR catalytic converter in an exhaust system of a motor vehicle can be inferred, the temperature effects on the zeolite coating of the SCR catalytic converter be taken into account.
Insbesondere wird auf die Anwesenheit eines SCR-Katalysators im Abgasstrang geschlossen, wenn das Überwachungskriterium einen geringeren Wert als ein Schwellenwert vth hat. Mittels des Vergleichs des Überwachungskriteriums mit dem vorgebbaren Schwellenwert vth ist es vorteilhafter Weise mit geringem Rechenaufwand möglich eine Aussage darüber zu treffen, ob ein SCR-Katalysator in einem Abgasstrang verbaut ist oder nicht.In particular, the presence of an SCR catalytic converter in the exhaust gas line is concluded when the monitoring criterion has a lower value than a threshold value v th . By means of the comparison of the monitoring criterion with the predefinable threshold value v th , it is advantageously possible with little computational effort to make a statement as to whether or not an SCR catalytic converter is installed in an exhaust gas system.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Anwendung des Überwachungskriteriums wird das absolute Minimum des Überwachungskriteriums zum Ende des Fahrzyklus ermittelt. Auf diese Weise wird der Rechenaufwand vorteilhafter Weise reduziert, da in einem Fahrzyklus der Wert des Überwachungskriteriums nicht mehr mehrfach mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen werden muss, sondern nur einmal am Ende des Fahrzyklus das absolute Minimum des Überwachungskriteriums bestimmt wird. Dieses absolute Minimum wird dann wiederum mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention for the application of the monitoring criterion, the absolute minimum of the monitoring criterion is determined at the end of the drive cycle. In this way, the computational effort is advantageously reduced because in a drive cycle, the value of the monitoring criterion no longer has to be compared multiple times with a threshold, but only once at the end of the drive cycle, the absolute minimum of the monitoring criterion is determined. This absolute minimum is then compared to a threshold again.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiterhin zwei Computerprogramme, welche eingerichtet sind jeden Schritt des ersten und/oder des zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durchzuführen, insbesondere wenn sie auf einem Rechengerät oder elektronischen Steuergerät ausgeführt werden. Dies ermöglicht die Implementierung der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auf einem elektronischen Steuergerät, ohne hieran bauliche Veränderungen vornehmen zu müssen. The invention furthermore comprises two computer programs which are set up to carry out each step of the first and / or the second method according to the invention, in particular if they are executed on a computing device or electronic control device. This allows the implementation of the method according to the invention on an electronic control unit, without having to make any structural changes thereto.
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem ein maschinenlesbares Speichermedium, auf welchem die Computerprogramme gespeichert sind, sowie ein elektronisches Steuergerät, welches eingerichtet ist, die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durchzuführen.The invention also comprises a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer programs are stored, and an electronic control unit which is set up to carry out the methods according to the invention.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen. Hierbei können die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich oder in Kombination miteinander verwirklicht sein.Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. In this case, the individual features can be implemented individually or in combination with each other.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
In den Zeichnungen zeigen:In the drawings show:
Ausführungsbeispieleembodiments
In
Ist die Ausheizbedingung jedoch erfüllt, so ist ein ausreichend ausgeprägter Temperatureffekt durch Wasserad- und -desorption zu erwarten. In diesem Fall werden in Schritt
In
Durch die vorherige Bandpassfilterung der Temperatursignale können mithilfe der Korrelationsfunktion die Temperaturgradienten ausgewertet werden. Im folgenden Schritt
Mit den folgenden Schritten
Überschreitet das Überwachungskriterium den Schwellenwert vth innerhalb des vorgebbaren Zeitraums von Motorstart bis zu dem Zeitpunkt a2, so lässt sich in Schritt
In
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
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