DE102016200721A1 - Method for monitoring NOx sensors - Google Patents
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- DE102016200721A1 DE102016200721A1 DE102016200721.1A DE102016200721A DE102016200721A1 DE 102016200721 A1 DE102016200721 A1 DE 102016200721A1 DE 102016200721 A DE102016200721 A DE 102016200721A DE 102016200721 A1 DE102016200721 A1 DE 102016200721A1
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überwachung von NOx-Sensoren (5, 6) in einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem (1) eines Kraftfahrzeugs, welches mindestens einen SCR-Katalysator (4) aufweist, wobei ein Signal eines NOx-Sensors (6), welcher stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators (4) positioniert ist mit einem NOx-Wert stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators (4) verglichen wird, bevor der SCR-Katalysator (4) eine Schwellentemperatur (Tth) überschritten hat.The invention relates to a method for monitoring NOx sensors (5, 6) in an exhaust aftertreatment system (1) of a motor vehicle, which has at least one SCR catalytic converter (4), wherein a signal of a NOx sensor (6), which upstream of the SCR catalyst (4) positioned is compared with a NOx value downstream of the SCR catalyst (4) before the SCR catalyst (4) has exceeded a threshold temperature (Tth).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überwachung von NOx-Sensoren in einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Computerprogramm, das jeden Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausführt, wenn es auf einem Rechengerät abläuft, sowie ein maschinenlesbares Speichermedium, welches das Computerprogramm speichert. Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung ein elektronisches Steuergerät, welches eingerichtet ist, um das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auszuführen.The present invention relates to a method for monitoring NOx sensors in an exhaust aftertreatment system of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program, which executes each step of the method according to the invention, when it runs on a computing device, as well as a machine-readable storage medium, which stores the computer program. Finally, the invention relates to an electronic control device which is set up to carry out the method according to the invention.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Da immer strengere Grenzwerte für NOx-Emissionen (Stickoxid-Emissionen) eingeführt werden, werden verschiedenste Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien entwickelt, um eine Kontrolle der NOx-Emissionen im Abgas eines Dieselmotors zu erreichen. Eine dieser Technologien zur Abgasnachbehandlung ist die selektive katalytische Reduktion in einem SCR-Katalysator. Dabei werden die im Abgas enthaltenen Stickoxide am SCR-Katalysator mithilfe von Ammoniak zu Stickstoff (N2) reduziert.As more and more stringent NOx emission (NOx) limits are introduced, a variety of exhaust aftertreatment technologies are being developed to control NOx emissions in the exhaust of a diesel engine. One of these exhaust aftertreatment technologies is selective catalytic reduction in an SCR catalyst. The nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas are reduced on the SCR catalytic converter by means of ammonia to nitrogen (N 2 ).
Zur Überwachung von Abgaskomponenten, wie beispielsweise SCR-Katalysatoren, werden derzeit unter anderem NOx-Sensoren verwendet. Die Gesetzgebung schreibt sowohl diese Überwachung von Katalysatoren als auch eine sehr genaue Diagnose der Sensoren selbst vor. Insbesondere die stromabwärts eines SCR- oder eines NSC-Katalysators (NOx storage catalyst, Stickoxidspeicherkatalysator) positionierten NOx-Sensoren sind sehr schwer zu überwachen, da sie gereinigtem Abgas ausgesetzt sind und die Emissionen und somit das Messsignal sehr gering sind.NOx sensors are currently used to monitor exhaust gas components, such as SCR catalysts. The legislation prescribes both this monitoring of catalysts and a very accurate diagnosis of the sensors themselves. In particular, the NOx sensors positioned downstream of an SCR or NSC (NOx storage catalyst) catalyst are very difficult to monitor because they are exposed to purified exhaust gas and the emissions and thus the measurement signal are very low.
Aus der
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Überwachung von NOx-Sensoren in einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs, welches mindestens einen SCR-Katalysator aufweist, wird ein Signal eines NOx-Sensors, welcher stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators positioniert ist mit einem NOx-Wert stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators verglichen, bevor der SCR-Katalysator eine Schwellentemperatur überschritten hat. Dabei bezeichnet die vorgebbare Schwellentemperatur insbesondere die sogenannte light-off-Temperatur, also die Temperatur ab der der oder die Katalysatoren aktiv sind und somit eine Umwandlung von NOx zu Stickstoff stattfindet. Der Vergleich von NOx-Werten stromabwärts und stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators vor Erreichen der light-off-Temperatur ist sehr vorteilhaft, da in dieser Phase die NOx-Reduktionswirkung des SCR-Katalysators noch nicht eingesetzt hat. In dieser Phase zeigen intakte NOx-Sensoren stromabwärts und stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators den gleichen NOx-Wert und verhalten sich dynamisch identisch. Weichen die NOx-Werte voneinander ab, so kann auf einen Fehler geschlossen werden.In the inventive method for monitoring NOx sensors in an exhaust aftertreatment system of a motor vehicle having at least one SCR catalyst, a signal of a NOx sensor, which is positioned downstream of the SCR catalyst with a NOx value upstream of the SCR catalyst compared before the SCR catalyst has exceeded a threshold temperature. In this case, the predefinable threshold temperature denotes, in particular, the so-called light-off temperature, that is to say the temperature at which the catalyst (s) are active and thus a conversion of NOx to nitrogen takes place. The comparison of NOx values downstream and upstream of the SCR catalyst before reaching the light-off temperature is very advantageous since the NOx reduction effect of the SCR catalyst has not yet started in this phase. In this phase, intact NOx sensors downstream and upstream of the SCR catalyst show the same NOx value and behave dynamically identically. If the NOx values deviate from one another, an error can be deduced.
Bevorzugter Weise wird das Signal des stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators positionierten NOx-Sensors mit einem Modellwert eines Modells der NOx-Emissionen verglichen wird, welcher die NOx-Emissionen stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators repräsentiert. Durch die Verwendung eines modellierten Wertes für die NOx-Emissionen stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators kann vorteilhafter Weise auf den Einbau eines NOx-Sensors stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators verzichtet werden.Preferably, the signal of the NOx sensor positioned downstream of the SCR catalyst is compared to a model value of a model of NOx emissions that represents the NOx emissions upstream of the SCR catalyst. The use of a modeled value for the NOx emissions upstream of the SCR catalytic converter advantageously makes it possible to dispense with the installation of a NOx sensor upstream of the SCR catalytic converter.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Signal des stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators positionierten NOx-Sensors mit mindestens einem Signal eines NOx-Sensors stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators verglichen. Auf diese Weise wird vorteilhafter Weise ein bereits vorhandener NOx-Sensor stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators verwendet und es kann auf eine aufwendige Modellierung des NOx-Wertes stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators verzichtet werden. According to a preferred embodiment, the signal of the NOx sensor positioned downstream of the SCR catalyst is compared with at least one signal of a NOx sensor upstream of the SCR catalyst. In this way, an already existing NOx sensor is advantageously used upstream of the SCR catalyst and can be dispensed with a complex modeling of the NOx value upstream of the SCR catalyst.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Überwachung von NOx-Sensoren umfasst insbesondere mehrere Schritte. Zunächst werden die NOx- und die Temperatursensoren des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems eingeschaltet. Nachfolgend wird geprüft, ob eine Eingangstemperatur des SCR-Katalysators unterhalb einer Schwellentemperatur liegt. Anschließend wird die Überwachung des NOx-Sensors durchgeführt, wobei gleichzeitig die Eingangstemperatur des SCR-Katalysators überwacht wird.The inventive method for monitoring NOx sensors comprises in particular several steps. First, the NOx and the temperature sensors of the exhaust aftertreatment system are turned on. Subsequently, it is checked whether an input temperature of the SCR catalyst is below a threshold temperature. Subsequently, the monitoring of the NOx sensor is performed while monitoring the input temperature of the SCR catalyst.
Vorteilhafter Weise werden die NOx-Sensoren bereits vor Taupunktende beheizt. Dabei wird der Zeitpunkt des Taupunktendes insbesondere mit einem zeitlichen Sicherheitsabstand im Steuergerät vorgegeben. Ein Vorteil dieses Vorgehens ist, dass die NOx-Sensoren zeitnah nach einer Inbetriebnahme des Kraftfahrzeugs messbereit sind und somit das Verfahren zur Überwachung der NOx-Sensoren zeitnah nach dem Motorstart durchgeführt werden kann.Advantageously, the NOx sensors are already heated before the dew point. In this case, the time of the dew point end is specified in particular with a time margin in the control unit. An advantage of this approach is that the NOx sensors are promptly after a Commissioning of the motor vehicle are ready to measure and thus the method for monitoring the NOx sensors can be carried out promptly after the engine start.
Vorzugsweise wird bei dem Vergleich der NOx-Werte die Kreuzkorrelation dieser Werte gebildet. Dies ist eine einfache statistische Methode, um zwei Werte miteinander zu vergleichen. Preferably, in the comparison of the NOx values, the cross-correlation of these values is formed. This is a simple statistical method for comparing two values.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird sowohl das stromabwärts des SCR-Katalysators als auch das stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators ermittelte NOx-Signal mit einem Modellwert verglichen. Auf diese Weise ist ein Pin-Pointing möglich, so dass vorteilhafter Weise auf einfache Weise festgestellt werden kann, welcher der beiden NOx-Sensoren einen Fehler aufweist. According to one embodiment, both the downstream of the SCR catalyst and the upstream of the SCR catalyst detected NOx signal is compared with a model value. In this way, a pin-pointing is possible, so that advantageously can be easily determined which of the two NOx sensors has an error.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird der Vergleich der Signale der NOx-Sensoren für eine Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems verwendet. Der sehr genaue Vergleich der NOx-Sensoren liefert vorteilhafter Weise wichtige Informationen für die Steuerung und Regelung des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems. Die Signale der NOx-Sensoren sind wichtige Eingänge für die Vorsteuerung und Regelung bzw. die Adaption der Reduktionsmitteldosierung für den SCR-Katalysator. Des Weiteren ist die erfindungsgemäße Bestimmung des Verhaltens der NOx-Sensoren bei kalter und inaktiver Abgasanlage genauer, einfacher und zuverlässiger als die Auswertung der NOx-Sensorsignale bei aktivem SCR-Katalysator. Die Ergebnisse der erfindungsgemäßen Überwachung der NOx-Sensoren können verwendet werden, um Informationen über Driften der NOx-Sensoren zu lernen. According to a further embodiment, the comparison of the signals of the NOx sensors is used for a control and / or regulation of the exhaust aftertreatment system. The very accurate comparison of the NOx sensors advantageously provides important information for the control and regulation of the exhaust aftertreatment system. The signals from the NOx sensors are important inputs for the precontrol and regulation or the adaptation of the reducing agent metering for the SCR catalytic converter. Furthermore, the inventive determination of the behavior of the NOx sensors with cold and inactive exhaust system is more accurate, simpler and more reliable than the evaluation of the NOx sensor signals with active SCR catalyst. The results of monitoring the NOx sensors according to the invention may be used to learn information about drifting of the NOx sensors.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiterhin ein Computerprogramm, welches eingerichtet ist jeden Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchzuführen, insbesondere wenn es auf einem Rechengerät oder einem elektronischen Steuergerät ausgeführt wird. Es ermöglicht die Implementierung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auf einem elektronischen Steuergerät, ohne hieran bauliche Veränderungen vornehmen zu müssen. The invention further comprises a computer program which is set up to carry out each step of the method according to the invention, in particular if it is executed on a computing device or an electronic control device. It allows the implementation of the method according to the invention on an electronic control unit, without having to make any structural changes thereto.
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem ein maschinenlesbares Speichermedium, auf welchem das Computerprogramm gespeichert ist, sowie ein elektronisches Steuergerät, welches eingerichtet ist, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchzuführen.The invention also comprises a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program is stored, and an electronic control unit which is set up to carry out the method according to the invention.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen. Hierbei können die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich oder in Kombination miteinander verwirklicht sein.Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. In this case, the individual features can be implemented individually or in combination with each other.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing
In der Zeichnung zeigt:In the drawing shows:
Ausführungsbeispiele der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem
Zur Verdeutlichung des zeitlichen Ablauf des Verfahrens ist in
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird das Signal des NOx-Sensors
Gemäß einer noch anderen Ausführungsform wird zum Vergleich des Signals des NOx-Sensors
In einer noch anderen Ausführungsform wird der Vergleich der NOx-Werte stromabwärts und stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators
Alle oben genannten Ausführungsformen sind auch in dem in
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
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