DE102014017922B4 - Method for the component connection of a plastic component with a joining partner - Google Patents

Method for the component connection of a plastic component with a joining partner Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102014017922B4
DE102014017922B4 DE102014017922.2A DE102014017922A DE102014017922B4 DE 102014017922 B4 DE102014017922 B4 DE 102014017922B4 DE 102014017922 A DE102014017922 A DE 102014017922A DE 102014017922 B4 DE102014017922 B4 DE 102014017922B4
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Germany
Prior art keywords
joining
fibers
plastic component
component
base material
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DE102014017922.2A
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German (de)
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DE102014017922A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Ehm
Christian Neudel
Jasper Reddemann
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
    • B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3428—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding said at least a single wire having a waveform, e.g. a sinusoidal form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3492—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic being carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Verfahren zur Bauteilverbindung eines Kunststoffbauteils (1) aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff mit einem Fügepartner (3), bei dem in einem thermischen Fügeprozess unter Wärmezufuhr das thermoplastische Grundmaterial (15) plastifiziert wird und der Fügepartner (3) unter Bildung einer stoff- und/oder formschlüssigen Verbindung in das plastifizierte Grundmaterial (15) gedrückt wird, wobei bei der Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils (1) elektrisch leitfähige Fügefasern (11) in dessen thermoplastisches Grundmaterial (15) integriert werden, und dass die Erwärmung des Kunststoffbauteil-Grundmaterials (15) im thermischen Fügeprozess durch Beaufschlagung der Fügefasern (11) mit elektrischem Strom erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils (1) in einem Kunststoff-Spritzgießverfahren unter Druck und Wärme erfolgt, und dass die Fügefasern (11) zur Wärmeabgabe während der Formgebung mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt sind.A method for connecting a plastic component (1) made of a thermoplastic with a joining partner (3), in which the thermoplastic base material (15) is plasticized in a thermal joining process with the supply of heat and the joining partner (3) is formed with a material and / or form-fitting Compound is pressed into the plasticized base material (15), wherein during the shaping of the plastic component (1) electrically conductive joining fibers (11) are integrated into its thermoplastic base material (15), and that the heating of the plastic component base material (15) in the thermal joining process takes place by applying electric current to the joining fibers (11), characterized in that the plastic component (1) is shaped in a plastic injection molding process under pressure and heat, and that the joining fibers (11) are subjected to an electric current to give off heat during the shaping process are.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bauteilverbindung eines Kunststoffbauteils aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff mit einem Fügepartner nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for connecting a plastic component made of a thermoplastic with a joining partner according to the preamble of the patent claim 1 .

Bei der Herstellung eines solchen Bauteilverbunds wird in gängiger Praxis eine mechanische Fügetechnik, das heißt Blindnieten oder Verschrauben, eingesetzt, und zwar gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit Kleben, um die Verbindungsfestigkeit zu steigern.In the production of such a component assembly, a mechanical joining technique, that is to say blind riveting or screwing, is used in common practice, and that if necessary in combination with gluing in order to increase the connection strength.

Demgegenüber wird in einem Fügeverfahren ein thermischer Fügeprozess angewendet, bei dem unter Wärmezufuhr das thermoplastische Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils plastifiziert wird und anschließend der Fügepartner unter Bildung einer stoff- und/oder formschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft in das plastifizierte Grundmaterial gedrückt wird. Im Falle eines metallischen Fügepartners kann der thermische Fügeprozess ein Wärmeleitungsschweißen sein, bei dem der metallische Fügepartner erwärmt wird und unter Aufbringung der Fügekraft sowie unter Aufschmelzung des Kunststoffbauteils mit diesem verbunden wird. Durch spezielle Strukturierung der Metalloberfläche des Fügepartners kann die Verbindungsfestigkeit zusätzlich gesteigert werden.In contrast, a thermal joining process is used in a joining process, in which the thermoplastic base material of the plastic component is plasticized with the supply of heat and then the joint partner is pressed into the plasticized base material with a predetermined joining force to form a material and / or form-fitting connection. In the case of a metallic joining partner, the thermal joining process can be a heat conduction welding in which the metallic joining partner is heated and connected to the plastic component while applying the joining force and melting it. The connection strength can also be increased by special structuring of the metal surface of the joining partner.

Im obigen Stand der Technik erfolgt die Bauteilherstellung und der Fügeprozess in der Regel nacheinander an lokal getrennten Stellen. Speziell bei mechanischen Fügetechnologien (Stanzen, Bohren, Schrauben) besteht das Risiko einer Elamination des faserverstärkten Kunststoffes sowie einer Faserschädigung, die sich festigkeitsreduzierend auf die Bauteilverbindung auswirken kann. Zudem ist häufig der Einsatz zusätzlicher Klebstoffe erforderlich. Beim oben angegebenen thermischen Fügeprozess sind externe sowie häufig ineffiziente Wärmequellen (Laser, Induktion, Infrarot, Ultraschall, Umluft) erforderlich, wodurch Verluste in Form von Wärmeabstrahlung an die Umgebung entstehen.In the above prior art, the component production and the joining process usually take place one after the other at locally separate locations. Especially with mechanical joining technologies (punching, drilling, screwing) there is a risk of elamination of the fiber-reinforced plastic and fiber damage, which can reduce the strength of the component connection. In addition, the use of additional adhesives is often necessary. The thermal joining process mentioned above requires external and often inefficient heat sources (laser, induction, infrared, ultrasound, circulating air), which results in losses in the form of heat radiation to the environment.

Aus der DE 10 2006 058 198 A1 sowie aus der WO 2011/050787 A2 ist bekannt, die Kohlenstofffasern eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils mit elektrischem Strom zu beaufschlagen, und zwar in Anwendung als Oberflächenheizung. Darüber hinaus ist aus der DE 10 2009 028 456 B3 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren weist ein Faserhalbzeug elektrisch leitfähige Fasern, etwa Kohlenstofffasern, auf. Diese werden zur Erwärmung mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt, um ein Imprägnieren von thermoplastischem Kunststoff zu unterstützen. Bei diesem Verfahren findet eine Kontaktierung mit anschließender Widerstandserwärmung der trockenen Fasern statt. Das so hergestellte faserverstärkte Kunststoffteil weist an den Kontaktierflächen noch trockene, nicht imprägnierte Fasern auf.From the DE 10 2006 058 198 A1 as well as from the WO 2011/050787 A2 it is known to apply electrical current to the carbon fibers of a fiber-reinforced plastic component, specifically in application as surface heating. In addition, from the DE 10 2009 028 456 B3 a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component is known. In this method, a semifinished fiber product has electrically conductive fibers, such as carbon fibers. These are heated with an electric current in order to support the impregnation of thermoplastic material. In this process, contact is made with subsequent resistance heating of the dry fibers. The fiber-reinforced plastic part produced in this way still has dry, non-impregnated fibers on the contact surfaces.

Aus der DE 195 47 507 A1 ist ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Bauteilverbindung eines Kunststoffbauteils mit einem Fügepartner bekannt. Aus der DE 198 07 950 A1 ist ein Heizwendelfitting mit Schrumpfmantel bekannt. Aus der US 4 842 305 A und aus der GB 2 273 679 A sind weitere Verfahren zur Bauteilverbindung eines Kunststoffbauteils mit einem Fügepartner bekannt. From the DE 195 47 507 A1 a generic method for component connection of a plastic component with a joining partner is known. From the DE 198 07 950 A1 a heating coil fitting with a shrink jacket is known. From the U.S. 4,842,305 A and from the GB 2 273 679 A further methods for component connection of a plastic component with a joining partner are known.

Aus der DE 10 2010 007 824 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Fügen sowie zur Herstellung von Kohlenstofffaser-Verbundbauteilen bekannt.From the DE 10 2010 007 824 A1 a method for joining and for producing carbon fiber composite components is known.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zur Bauteilverbindung zwischen einem Kunststoffbauteil und einem Fügepartner bereitzustellen, bei dem in prozesstechnisch einfacher Weise sowie unter Energieeinsparung ein einwandfreier Bauteilverbund bereitstellbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a method for component connection between a plastic component and a joining partner, in which a flawless component assembly can be provided in a process-technically simple manner and with energy savings.

Die Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Preferred developments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß werden bei der Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils elektrisch leitfähige Fügefasern in das thermoplastische Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils integriert. Der für den thermischen Fügeprozess erforderliche Wärmeeintrag in das Kunststoff-Grundmaterial erfolgt durch Beaufschlagung der Fügefasern mit elektrischem Strom. Dieser ist so ausgelegt, dass sich zumindest an der Fügezone zwischen dem Kunststoffbauteil und dem Fügepartner das Grundmaterial plastifiziert. Anschließend kann der Fügepartner mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft sowie unter Bildung einer stoff- und/oder formschlüssigen Verbindung in das plastifizierte Grundmaterial gedrückt werden. Nach erfolgter Abkühlung verfestigt sich der Bauteilverbund, und zwar ohne Beschädigung der gegebenenfalls im Grundmaterial integrierten Endlos- und/oder Kurzfasern.According to the invention, when the plastic component is shaped, electrically conductive joining fibers are integrated into the thermoplastic base material of the plastic component. The heat input into the plastic base material required for the thermal joining process is achieved by applying electrical current to the joining fibers. This is designed in such a way that the base material plasticizes at least at the joining zone between the plastic component and the joining partner. The joining partner can then be pressed into the plasticized base material with a predetermined joining force and with the formation of a material and / or form-fitting connection. After cooling, the composite solidifies without damaging the continuous and / or short fibers that may be integrated in the base material.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Fügeprozess können Fügepartner unterschiedlicher Werkstoffkombinationen miteinander verbunden werden, etwa Kunststoff - Kunststoff, Kunststoff - Metall oder Kunststoff - Keramik. Mittels der elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern wird zudem eine effiziente Wärmequelle bereitgestellt, bei der die elektrische Energie nahezu vollständig in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Zudem kann durch entsprechende Vorpositionierung der Fügefasern im Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils eine gezielte Wärmeeinbringung ermöglicht werden. Die Fügegeschwindigkeit ist im Vergleich zu gängigen Fügeprozessen erhöht, da der Fügeprozess an sämtlichen Anbindungsstellen durch homogene Wärmeeinbringung zeitgleich erfolgen kann. Zudem ist ein Fügen von schwer oder gar nicht erreichbaren Stellen (auch einseitige Zugänglichkeit ist möglich) durchführbar. Prozesstechnisch vorteilhaft kann auf Zusatzoperationen, Zusatzmaterial (Bohren, Klebstoffauftrag) sowie auf zusätzliche Anlagentechnik für den Fügeprozess verzichtet werden.In the joining process according to the invention, joining partners of different material combinations can be connected to one another, for example plastic-plastic, plastic-metal or plastic-ceramic. The electrically conductive joining fibers also provide an efficient heat source in which the electrical energy is almost completely converted into heat. In addition, through appropriate prepositioning of the joining fibers in the base material of the plastic component, a targeted introduction of heat can be made possible. The joining speed is increased compared to common joining processes, since the joining process is homogeneous at all connection points Heat can be introduced at the same time. In addition, places that are difficult to reach or not at all can be joined (one-sided access is also possible). In terms of process technology, additional operations, additional material (drilling, adhesive application) and additional system technology for the joining process can be dispensed with.

Zur Vorbereitung des thermischen Fügeprozesses werden zunächst die beiden Fügepartner zueinander unter Aufbringung von Spannkräften (das heißt einer Fügekraft) fixiert. Die elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern können beispielhaft Kohlfasern, Metalldrähte/-fasern oder leitfähig beschichtete Fasern sein.In preparation for the thermal joining process, the two joining partners are first fixed to one another by applying tension forces (i.e. a joining force). The electrically conductive joining fibers can be, for example, carbon fibers, metal wires / fibers or conductively coated fibers.

Bei der Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils können bevorzugt die elektrischen Kontaktstellen der Fügefasern für die elektrische Stromversorgung bereits von dessen Grundmaterial freigelegt sein. An den Kontaktstellen der Fügefasern wird elektrischer Strom angelegt und somit der thermische Fügeprozess injiziert. Die elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern erwärmen sich und das umliegende Kunststoff-Grundmaterial, bis dieses plastifiziert. Anschließend wird der Fügepartner mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft auf das plastifizierte Grundmaterial aufgepresst, wodurch die stoff- und/oder formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen beiden Fügepartner erzeugt wird. Dabei kommt es zum Um-/Hinterfließen der festen bzw. kalten Fügepartneroberfläche. Eine Festigkeitssteigerung ist durch die gesonderte Strukturierung der Oberflächen des Fügepartners (Erzeugung von Hinterschnitten) möglich.When the plastic component is shaped, the electrical contact points of the joining fibers for the electrical power supply can preferably already be exposed from its base material. Electric current is applied to the contact points of the joining fibers and the thermal joining process is thus injected. The electrically conductive joining fibers heat up and the surrounding plastic base material until it plasticizes. The joining partner is then pressed onto the plasticized base material with a predetermined joining force, as a result of which the material and / or form-fitting connection is created between the two joining partners. This results in flowing around / behind the solid or cold joint partner surface. An increase in strength is possible through the separate structuring of the surfaces of the joining partner (creation of undercuts).

In einer ersten Variante werden die elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern nur im Bereich der Fügestelle positioniert, an der der Fügepartner angebunden werden soll, während das daran angrenzende Grundmaterial außerhalb der Fügestelle frei von Fügefasern verbleibt. Gegebenenfalls können auch mehrere voneinander beabstandete Fügestellen am Kunststoffbauteil vorgesehen werden, durch die die Fügefasern in Reihen- oder Parallelschaltung verlaufen.In a first variant, the electrically conductive joining fibers are only positioned in the area of the joint to which the joint partner is to be connected, while the base material adjoining it remains free of joining fibers outside the joint. If necessary, a plurality of joining points spaced apart from one another can also be provided on the plastic component, through which the joining fibers run in series or parallel connection.

Dadurch erfolgt eine gezielte Erwärmung der zumindest einen Fügezone oder eine gezielte Teilkontaktierung bestimmter Fügefasern. Das heißt, dass nicht das gesamte Kunststoffbauteil erwärmt wird, sondern nur die zur Anbindung am Fügepartner relevanten Zonen.This results in targeted heating of the at least one joining zone or targeted partial contacting of certain joining fibers. This means that not the entire plastic component is heated, but only the zones relevant to the connection to the joining partner.

Gegebenenfalls kann das Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils aus einem reinen thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehen oder aus mit Kurzfasern verstärktem thermoplastischen Kunststoff. Die Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils kann in einem Spritzgießprozess erfolgen, bei dem die thermoplastischen Fasern im Bereich einer Anbindungsstelle zur Anbindung an den Fügepartner mittels eines Spannrahmens lagefixiert in die Spritzgieß-Werkzeugkavität eingelegt wird. Anschließend erfolgt der Spritzgießvorgang, bei dem die fixierten Fügefasern lagerichtig im Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbaueils integriert werden. Alternativ dazu kann die Fixierung der Fügefasern in der Spritzgieß-Werkzeugkavität mittels eines grobmaschigen, durchlässigen Gewebes oder Geleges erfolgen, in dass die elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern eingenäht sind. Das Trägergewebe kann in dem Spritzgieß-Werkzeug fixiert werden, um eine lagerichtige Integration der Fügefasern im Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils zu gewährleisten.If necessary, the base material of the plastic component can consist of a pure thermoplastic plastic or of thermoplastic plastic reinforced with short fibers. The plastic component can be shaped in an injection molding process in which the thermoplastic fibers are placed in the injection molding tool cavity in a fixed position in the area of a connection point for connection to the joining partner by means of a clamping frame. This is followed by the injection molding process, in which the fixed joining fibers are integrated in the correct position in the base material of the plastic component. As an alternative to this, the joining fibers can be fixed in the injection molding tool cavity by means of a coarse-meshed, permeable fabric or scrim, into which the electrically conductive joining fibers are sewn. The carrier fabric can be fixed in the injection molding tool in order to ensure that the joining fibers are integrated in the correct position in the base material of the plastic component.

Alternativ dazu kann das Kunststoffbauteil in einem sogenannten thermoplastischen RTM-Prozess bzw. in einem Spritzpressen hergestellt sein, bei dem ein noch trockenes, das heißt noch nicht von Matrixmaterial durchtränktes Faserhalbzeug in eine Werkzeugkavität eingelegt wird. Anschließend wird die flüssige Ausgangskomponente eines thermoplastischen Matrixmaterials in die Werkzeugkavität injiziert, wodurch das Faserhalbzeug in dem Matrixmaterial eingebettet wird.As an alternative to this, the plastic component can be produced in a so-called thermoplastic RTM process or in an injection molding, in which a still dry, that is to say not yet saturated with matrix material, semi-finished fiber product is placed in a tool cavity. The liquid starting component of a thermoplastic matrix material is then injected into the mold cavity, as a result of which the semifinished fiber product is embedded in the matrix material.

Vor der Durchführung des thermoplastischen RTM-Prozesses kann das Faserhalbzeug mit den elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern versehen werden, wobei das Faserhalbzeug nach dem thermoplastischen RTM-Prozess unter Bildung der elektrischen Kontaktstellen teilweise vom Matrixmaterial freigelegt bleibt. Alternativ dazu kann auch das gesamte Faserhalbzeug aus elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern, etwa Kohlefasern, bereitgestellt sein.Before the thermoplastic RTM process is carried out, the semifinished fiber product can be provided with the electrically conductive joining fibers, the semifinished fiber product remaining partially exposed from the matrix material after the thermoplastic RTM process with the formation of the electrical contact points. As an alternative to this, the entire semifinished fiber product can also be provided from electrically conductive joining fibers, for example carbon fibers.

Im obigen thermoplastischen RTM-Prozess und/oder allgemein im Kunststoff-Spritzgießprozess erfolgt die Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils unter Druck und Wärme. Zur Unterstützung der Formgebung sind die Fügefasern gegebenenfalls in Doppelfunktion auch bereits während der Formgebung mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt, um einen zusätzlichen Wärmeeintrag in das jeweilige Formgebungswerkzeug zu erzielen.In the above thermoplastic RTM process and / or generally in the plastic injection molding process, the plastic component is shaped under pressure and heat. To support the shaping, the joining fibers may have a dual function, even during shaping, with electrical current applied to them in order to achieve additional heat input into the respective shaping tool.

Die Erfindung und ihre vorteilhaften Aus- und Weiterbildungen sowie deren Vorteile werden nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention and its advantageous designs and developments as well as their advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • 1 in einer perspektivischen Teilansicht exemplarisch einen Bauteilverbund gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
  • 2 und 3 jeweils Ansichten, die ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des in 1 gezeigten Bauteilverbundes veranschaulichen;
  • 4 ein Gewebe mit darin fixierten elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern;
  • 5, 6 und 6ajeweils weitere Ausführungsvarianten eines Kunststoffbauteils;
  • 7 in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Bauteilverbund gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
  • 8 und 9 jeweils Ansichten, die die Herstellung des Bauteilverbundes aus der 7 veranschaulichen; sowie
  • 10 bis 13 jeweils Ansichten von oben, die grob schematisch jeweils ein Kunststoffbauteil mit darin verlaufenden elektrisch leitfähigen Fasern zeigen.
Show it:
  • 1 in a perspective partial view, by way of example, a component assembly according to a first exemplary embodiment;
  • 2 and 3rd each views showing a method of making the in 1 illustrate component assembly shown;
  • 4th a fabric with electrically conductive joining fibers fixed therein;
  • 5 , 6th and 6 each further design variants of a plastic component;
  • 7th a perspective view of a component assembly according to a second exemplary embodiment;
  • 8th and 9 each views showing the production of the component assembly from the 7th illustrate; as
  • 10 to 13th in each case views from above, each showing roughly schematically a plastic component with electrically conductive fibers running therein.

Die Figuren sind im Hinblick auf ein einfaches Verständnis der Erfindung angefertigt. Von daher sind die Figuren lediglich grob vereinfachte Darstellungen, die keinen realitätsgetreuen Aufbau einer Bauteilverbindung wiedergeben. So ist aus der 1 ein Bauteilverbund gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, bei dem ein Kunststoffbauteil 1 beispielhaft mit einem Metallblechteil 3 verbunden ist. Das in der 1 untere Kunststoffbauteil 1 ist in etwa wannenförmig ausgebildet mit einem seitlich hochgezogenen umlaufenden Fügeflansch 5. Der rahmenartig umlaufende Fügeflansch 5 weist an seiner vorderen Seite eine Unterbrechung auf, die von einander zugewandten Flanschrändern 7 begrenzt ist. Aus den beiden einander zugewandten Flanschrändern 7 ragen jeweils vom Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils freigelegte Endstücke 9 eines elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefaser-Bündels 11 vor. Das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 erstreckt sich entlang des umlaufenden Fügeflansches 5 (3). Das Grundmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils 1 kann aus einem reinen oder gegebenenfalls mit Kurzfasern verstärktem thermoplastischen Kunststoff gefertigt sein. In der 1 ist das Kunststoffbauteil 1 an seinem Fügeflansch 5 stoff- sowie formschlüssig unter Bildung einer Fügezone 10 mit einer Metall-Oberfläche des Blechteiles 3 verbunden.The figures are made with a view to easy understanding of the invention. For this reason, the figures are only roughly simplified representations that do not reproduce a realistic structure of a component connection. So is from the 1 a component assembly according to a first exemplary embodiment is shown in which a plastic component 1 for example with a sheet metal part 3rd connected is. That in the 1 lower plastic component 1 is approximately trough-shaped with a laterally raised circumferential joining flange 5 . The frame-like circumferential joining flange 5 has an interruption on its front side, the flange edges facing each other 7th is limited. From the two facing flange edges 7th Exposed end pieces protrude from the base material of the plastic component 9 an electrically conductive fiber bundle 11 in front. The fiber bundle 11 extends along the circumferential joining flange 5 ( 3rd ). The basic material of the plastic component 1 can be made of a pure thermoplastic or, if necessary, reinforced with short fibers. In the 1 is the plastic component 1 on its joining flange 5 material and form-fitting with the formation of a joining zone 10 with a metal surface of the sheet metal part 3rd connected.

Nachfolgend wird anhand der 2 und 3 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des in der 1 gezeigten Bauteilverbunds beschrieben. So wird gemäß der 2 zunächst das elektrisch leitfähige Fügefaser-Bündel 11 bereitgestellt und in etwa konturangepasst an den späteren Verlauf des Fügeflansches 5, zum Beispiel mittels eines an sich bekannten Spannrahmens, in ein Spritzgieß-Werkzeug eingelegt, wodurch das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 lagerichtig im Spritzgieß-Werkzeug fixiert ist. Anstelle des Spannrahmens kann ein Traggewebe 4 (4) verwendet werden, auf dem das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 fixiert ist. Das Tragwebe 4 kann mit dem darauf fixierten Fügefaser-Bündel 11 in das Spritzgießwerkzeug eingelegt und darin verspannt werden.The following is based on the 2 and 3rd a method for producing the in the 1 Component assembly shown described. So according to the 2 first the electrically conductive fiber bundle 11 provided and roughly adapted to the contour of the later course of the joining flange 5 , for example by means of a known clamping frame, placed in an injection molding tool, whereby the fiber bundle 11 is fixed in the correct position in the injection molding tool. Instead of the tenter frame, a supporting fabric 4th ( 4th ) can be used on which the joint fiber bundle 11 is fixed. The supporting fabric 4th can with the fiber bundle fixed on it 11 are inserted into the injection mold and clamped therein.

Anschließend erfolgt die Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils 1, bei dem eine flüssige Ausgangskomponente des thermoplastischen Grundmaterials in das Spritzgieß-Werkzeug eingespritzt wird. Das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 wird somit lagerichtig im Bereich des Fügeflansches 5 des Kunststoffbauteils 1 integriert, und zwar unter Freilegung der beiden Endstücke 9 des Fügefaser-Bündels 11, die im nachfolgenden thermischen Fügeprozess als elektrische Kontaktstellen wirken, um das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 mit elektrischem Strom zu beaufschlagen. Im thermischen Fügeprozess wird durch die Strombeaufschlagung des Fügefaser-Bündels 11 das thermoplastische Grundmaterial 15 im Bereich des Fügeflansches 5 plastifiziert. Anschließend wird das Metallblechteil 3 mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft F (3) gegen den Fügeflansch 5 des Kunststoffbauteils 1 gedrückt. Nach erfolgter Abkühlung ist der Bauteilverbund fertiggestellt.The plastic component is then shaped 1 , in which a liquid starting component of the thermoplastic base material is injected into the injection molding tool. The fiber bundle 11 is thus in the correct position in the area of the joining flange 5 of the plastic component 1 integrated, with exposure of the two end pieces 9 of the fiber bundle 11 that act as electrical contact points around the fiber bundle in the subsequent thermal joining process 11 to apply electricity. In the thermal joining process, current is applied to the joining fiber bundle 11 the thermoplastic base material 15th in the area of the joining flange 5 plasticized. Then the sheet metal part 3rd with a given joining force F ( 3rd ) against the joining flange 5 of the plastic component 1 pressed. After cooling down, the component assembly is completed.

In den 5, 6 und 6a sind jeweils in schematischen Seitenschnittansichten weitere Ausführungsvarianten des Kunststoffbauteils 1 gezeigt, wobei in der 5 die Endstücke 9 des Fügefaser-Bündels 11 nach dem Formgebungsprozess seitlich außen jeweils komplett freiliegen. Demgegenüber sind in der 6 die Kontaktstellen durch Anwendung von nicht gezeigten Einlegern im Spritzgießprozess freigehalten oder mittels einer spanenden Nachbearbeitung freigelegt.In the 5 , 6th and 6a are further design variants of the plastic component in schematic side sectional views 1 shown, where in the 5 the end pieces 9 of the fiber bundle 11 after the shaping process are completely exposed on the outside. In contrast, the 6th the contact points kept free by using inserts (not shown) in the injection molding process or exposed by means of post-processing.

In der 6a ist eine weitere Freilegungsmethode mittels Einleger 19 im Spritzgussprozess festgehalten, wobei die Einleger 19 selbst aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material (zum Beispiel Kupfer, Graphit oder andere Metalle) bestehen und nach dem Spritzgussprozess im Kunststoffbauteil 11 verbleiben. Folgende Vorteile ergeben sich dadurch tatsächlich, nämlich eine bündig abgeschlossene Bauteiloberfläche, keine Schwächung des Bauteils durch Querschnittsreduzierung sowie eine einfache, prozesstolerante Kontaktierung der metallischen Einleger 19 mit Elektroden 21 zur Übertragung des Stromes auf die Fasern/Draht 11.In the 6a is another method of exposure using an insert 19th held in the injection molding process, with the insert 19th themselves consist of an electrically conductive material (for example copper, graphite or other metals) and after the injection molding process in the plastic component 11 remain. This actually results in the following advantages, namely a flush component surface, no weakening of the component due to a reduction in cross-section, and simple, process-tolerant contacting of the metallic inserts 19th with electrodes 21st to transfer the current to the fibers / wire 11 .

Die metallischen Einleger sind vorzugsweise geometrisch so ausgelegt, dass sie einen Hinterschnitt 25 aufweisen, um im Kunststoffverbund einen besseren Formschluss aufzuweisen.The metallic inserts are preferably designed geometrically so that they have an undercut 25th have in order to have a better form fit in the plastic composite.

In der 7 ist ein Bauteilverbund gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt. Demzufolge ist das Kunststoffbauteil aus einem faserverstärkten Kunststoff hergestellt, bei dem ein Faserhalbzeug 13 in dem als Matrix wirkenden Grundmaterial 15 eingebettet ist. In der 7 ist ein Randflansch 17 des Metallblechteils 3 unter Bildung der Fügezone 10 mit dem Kunststoffbauteil 1 verbunden. An einer vorderen Randkante des Kunststoffbauteils 1 ragen in der 7 die beiden Endstücke 9 des Fügefaser-Bündels 11 vor. Diese werden analog zum vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispiel beim nachfolgend beschriebenen thermischen Fügeprozess an eine Stromquelle angeschlossen. In the 7th a component assembly according to a second exemplary embodiment is shown. Accordingly, the plastic component is made of a fiber-reinforced plastic, in which a fiber semifinished product 13th in the base material acting as a matrix 15th is embedded. In the 7th is an edge flange 17th of the sheet metal part 3rd with the formation of the joining zone 10 with the plastic component 1 connected. On a front edge of the plastic component 1 protrude in the 7th the two end pieces 9 of the fiber bundle 11 in front. Analogous to the previous exemplary embodiment, these are connected to a power source in the thermal joining process described below.

Die Herstellung des Bauteilverbunds aus der 7 ist anhand der 8 und 9 erläutert. Gemäß der 8 wird das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 in einem ersten Prozessschritt in einem noch trockenen, das heißt noch nicht vom Matrixmaterial durchtränkten Faserhalbzeug 13 fixiert. In der 8 verläuft das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 beispielhaft mäanderförmig lediglich im Bereich der späteren Fügezone 10, während der verbleibende Anteil des Faserhalbzeuges 13 frei vom Fügefaser-Bündel 11 verbleibt. Das Faserhalbzeug 13 mit dem daran fixierten Fügefaser-Bündel 11 wird anschließend in eine Werkzeugkavität eingelegt und mit der flüssigen Ausgangskomponente des Matrixmaterials 15 durchtränkt. Nach der Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils 1 erfolgt der thermische Fügeprozess (9). In der 9 wird analog zur 3 das Fügefaser-Bündel 11 mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt, wodurch das daran angrenzende Matrixmaterial 15 bis zu seiner Plastifizierung erwärmt wird. Anschließend wird der Randflansch 17 des Metallblechteils 3 gegen das plastifizierte Matrixmaterial 15 des Kunststoffbauteils 1 gedrückt. Nach Abkühlung des Bauteilverbunds ist der Randflansch 17 des Metallblechteils 3 stoff- und/oder formschlüssig mit dem Kunststoffbauteil 1 verbunden.The production of the component composite from the 7th is based on the 8th and 9 explained. According to the 8th becomes the fiber bundle 11 in a first process step in a semi-finished fiber product that is still dry, i.e. not yet saturated by the matrix material 13th fixed. In the 8th the fiber bundle runs 11 exemplary meandering only in the area of the later joining zone 10 , while the remaining part of the semi-finished fiber product 13th free from the bundle of fibers 11 remains. The semi-finished fiber product 13th with the fiber bundle attached to it 11 is then placed in a tool cavity and mixed with the liquid starting component of the matrix material 15th soaked. After the shaping of the plastic component 1 the thermal joining process takes place ( 9 ). In the 9 becomes analogous to 3rd the fiber bundle 11 charged with electrical current, whereby the adjacent matrix material 15th is heated until it is plasticized. Then the edge flange 17th of the sheet metal part 3rd against the plasticized matrix material 15th of the plastic component 1 pressed. After the component assembly has cooled down, the edge flange is 17th of the sheet metal part 3rd material and / or form-fitting with the plastic component 1 connected.

In den folgenden 10 bis 13 sind in schematischen Ansichten von oben jeweils unterschiedliche Varianten des Kunststoffbauteils 1 gezeigt: In der 10 sind im Faserhalbzeug 13 des Kunststoffbauteils 1 jeweils seitlich Fügefasern 11 integriert, und zwar an den jeweiligen, mit grün gekennzeichneten Fügezonen 10. In der 10 werden daher lediglich die zur Herstellung des Bauteilverbunds relevanten Fügezonen 10 erwärmt und plastifiziert, während die angrenzenden Bauteilbereiche weitgehend ohne Wärmebeaufschlagung verbleiben.In the following 10 to 13th are each different variants of the plastic component in schematic views from above 1 shown: In the 10 are in semi-finished fiber products 13th of the plastic component 1 joining fibers on each side 11 integrated, namely at the respective joint zones marked with green 10 . In the 10 Therefore, only the joining zones relevant to the production of the component assembly become 10 heated and plasticized, while the adjoining component areas remain largely unheated.

In der 11 sind ebenfalls insgesamt drei voneinander beabstandete Fügezonen 10 im Kunststoffbauteil 1 bereitgestellt. Die Fügefasern 11 verlaufen in Reihenschaltung (12) oder in Parallelschaltung (11) durch die voneinander beabstandeten Fügestellen 10.In the 11 are also a total of three mutually spaced joining zones 10 in the plastic component 1 provided. The joining fibers 11 run in series connection ( 12th ) or in parallel connection ( 11 ) through the spaced-apart joints 10 .

In der 13 sind nicht zusätzliche elektrische leitfähige Fügefasern 11 im Faserhalbzeug 13 integriert, sondern ist das Faserhalbzeug 13 vielmehr komplett aus elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern, etwa Kohlefasern oder dergleichen, aufgebaut. In diesem Fall kann bei Strombeaufschlagung das Faserhalbzeug vollständig, das heißt großflächig erwärmt werden, zur Durchführung des thermischen Fügeprozesses.In the 13th are not additional electrically conductive joining fibers 11 in semi-finished fiber products 13th integrated, but is the semi-finished fiber product 13th rather, it is built entirely from electrically conductive joining fibers, such as carbon fibers or the like. In this case, when a current is applied, the semifinished fiber product can be heated completely, that is to say over a large area, in order to carry out the thermal joining process.

Claims (9)

Verfahren zur Bauteilverbindung eines Kunststoffbauteils (1) aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff mit einem Fügepartner (3), bei dem in einem thermischen Fügeprozess unter Wärmezufuhr das thermoplastische Grundmaterial (15) plastifiziert wird und der Fügepartner (3) unter Bildung einer stoff- und/oder formschlüssigen Verbindung in das plastifizierte Grundmaterial (15) gedrückt wird, wobei bei der Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils (1) elektrisch leitfähige Fügefasern (11) in dessen thermoplastisches Grundmaterial (15) integriert werden, und dass die Erwärmung des Kunststoffbauteil-Grundmaterials (15) im thermischen Fügeprozess durch Beaufschlagung der Fügefasern (11) mit elektrischem Strom erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formgebung des Kunststoffbauteils (1) in einem Kunststoff-Spritzgießverfahren unter Druck und Wärme erfolgt, und dass die Fügefasern (11) zur Wärmeabgabe während der Formgebung mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt sind.A method for connecting a plastic component (1) made of a thermoplastic with a joining partner (3), in which the thermoplastic base material (15) is plasticized in a thermal joining process with the supply of heat and the joining partner (3) is formed with a material and / or form-fitting Compound is pressed into the plasticized base material (15), wherein during the shaping of the plastic component (1) electrically conductive joining fibers (11) are integrated into its thermoplastic base material (15), and that the heating of the plastic component base material (15) in the thermal joining process takes place by applying electric current to the joining fibers (11), characterized in that the plastic component (1) is shaped in a plastic injection molding process under pressure and heat, and that the joining fibers (11) are subjected to an electric current to give off heat during the shaping process are. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fügefasern (11) nur im Bereich einer Fügezone (10) zur Anbindung an den Fügepartner (3) verlaufen, und dass das Grundmaterial (15) des Kunststoffbauteils (1) außerhalb der Fügezone (10) frei von Fügefasern (11) ist, und/oder dass im Kunststoffbauteil (1) die Fügefasern (11) an elektrischen Kontaktstellen (9) vom Grundmaterial (15) freigelegt sind.Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the joining fibers (11) run only in the area of a joining zone (10) for connection to the joining partner (3), and that the base material (15) of the plastic component (1) outside the joining zone (10) is free of joining fibers ( 11) and / or that in the plastic component (1) the joining fibers (11) are exposed at electrical contact points (9) from the base material (15). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kunststoffbauteil (1) mehrere voneinander beabstandete Fügestellen (10) aufweist, und dass insbesondere die Fügefasern (11) in Reihen- oder Parallelschaltung durch die Fügestellen (10) verlaufen.Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the plastic component (1) has a plurality of mutually spaced joining points (10), and in particular that the joining fibers (11) run in series or parallel through the joining points (10). Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch leitfähigen Fügefasern (11) Kohlefasern, Metalldrähte oder -fasern und/oder leitfähig beschichtete Fasern sind, und dass insbesondere anstelle dessen Kupferbahnen (analog zu Heizfolien) oder Kupferdrähte als Widerstandsfügeelemente einsetzbar sind, die im Vergleich zu den Fügefasern einfacher aufzubringen sind und deutliche geringere Ströme erfordern.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically conductive joining fibers (11) are carbon fibers, metal wires or fibers and / or conductively coated fibers, and that in particular copper tracks (analogous to heating foils) or copper wires can be used as resistance joining elements instead, which are easier to apply compared to the joining fibers and require significantly lower currents. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Kunststoffbauteil (1) ein Faserhalbzeug (13), etwa ein Fasergelege oder dergleichen, in dem als Matrix wirkenden Grundmaterial (15) eingebettet ist, und dass insbesondere das Kunststoffbauteil (1) in einem thermoplastischen RTM-Prozess hergestellt ist, bei dem das noch trockene, das heißt noch nicht von Matrixmaterial (15) durchtränkte Faserhalbzeug (13) in eine Werkzeugkavität eingelegt wird, und anschließend das Matrixmaterial (15) in die Werkzeug kavität injiziert wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the plastic component (1) a semi-finished fiber product (13), for example a fiber fabric or the like, is embedded in the base material (15) acting as a matrix, and in particular the plastic component (1) in a thermoplastic RTM process is produced, in which the still dry, that is not yet saturated with matrix material (15) fiber semifinished product (13) in a tool cavity is inserted, and then the matrix material (15) is injected into the tool cavity. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Faserhalbzeug (13) zumindest teilweise oder vollständig elektrisch leitfähige Fügefasern (11) aufweist, und/oder dass das Faserhalbzeug (13) unter Bildung der elektrischen Kontaktstellen (9) vom Matrixmaterial (15) freigelegt ist.Procedure according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the semifinished fiber product (13) has at least partially or completely electrically conductive joining fibers (11), and / or that the semifinished fiber product (13) is exposed from the matrix material (15) to form the electrical contact points (9). Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrischen Kontaktstellen (9) durch Anwendung zumindest eines Einlegers (19) im Spritzgießprozess freigehalten werden, oder dass die elektrischen Kontaktstellen (9) durch spanende Nachbearbeitung am Bauteil freigelegt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical contact points (9) are kept free by using at least one insert (19) in the injection molding process, or that the electrical contact points (9) are exposed by machining post-processing on the component. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einleger (19) nach der Bauteil-Formgebung in einem Entformungsschnitt unter Freilegung der Kontaktstellen (9) entfernbar ist.Procedure according to Claim 7 , characterized in that after the component has been shaped , the insert (19) can be removed in a demolding cut, exposing the contact points (9). Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einleger (19) nach der Bauteil-Formgebung ein integraler Bestandteil des Bauteils ist, und dass der Einleger (19) die elektrische Kontaktstelle (9) bildet.Procedure according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the insert (19) is an integral part of the component after the component shaping, and that the insert (19) forms the electrical contact point (9).
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