DE102011107537A1 - Method for welding two parts of housing element with joint surface using laser radiation in region of motor car, involves pressing parts at joint surface opposite to each other until joint surface is cooled - Google Patents

Method for welding two parts of housing element with joint surface using laser radiation in region of motor car, involves pressing parts at joint surface opposite to each other until joint surface is cooled Download PDF

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DE102011107537A1
DE102011107537A1 DE201110107537 DE102011107537A DE102011107537A1 DE 102011107537 A1 DE102011107537 A1 DE 102011107537A1 DE 201110107537 DE201110107537 DE 201110107537 DE 102011107537 A DE102011107537 A DE 102011107537A DE 102011107537 A1 DE102011107537 A1 DE 102011107537A1
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Prior art keywords
parts
joint surface
welding
laser
laser radiation
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DE201110107537
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German (de)
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Volker Behr
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Marquardt GmbH
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Marquardt GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1632—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/1683—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier coated on the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1696—Laser beams making use of masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves cohesively connecting two parts (2, 3) with each other to a joint surface (4) using a welding connection part (5). The joint surface is attached to the two parts until the joint surface is melted by laser radiations. The parts at the joint surface are pressed opposite to each other until the joint surface is cooled. Warming of the joint surface is supported by a supplementary power supply i.e. halogen radiator, and the laser radiations are directly and/or indirectly directed to the joint surface and guided using prisms of a mirror.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verschweißen von zwei Teilen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for welding two parts according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Das Verfahren kann zum Verschweißen von Gehäuseteilen für elektrische Schalter, beispielsweise solchen mit elektromechanischen Kontaktsystemen, eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere eignet sich das Verfahren für Elektrowerkzeuggeräteschalter, die mit empfindlichen Elektroniken ausgestattet sind.The method can be used for welding housing parts for electrical switches, for example those with electromechanical contact systems. In particular, the method is suitable for power tool device switches that are equipped with sensitive electronics.

Für das Verschweißen von Gehäuseteilen von elektrischen Schaltern werden heute gängige Verfahren, wie Ultraschallschweißen (USS), Heizelement- bzw. Spiegelschweißen o. dgl., eingesetzt. Aus der EP 0 159 169 A2 ist weiter ein Verfahren zum Verschweißen von zwei Teilen mittels Laserstrahlung bekannt, wobei die beiden Teile an einer Fügefläche mittels einer Schweißverbindung stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Allerdings ist die Durchführung dieses Verfahrens eher aufwendig, da insoweit das eine Teil für die Laserstrahlung transparent sowie das andere Teil für die Laserstrahlung absorbierend ausgestaltet sein muss.For the welding of housing parts of electrical switches today common methods such as ultrasonic welding (USS), heating element or mirror welding o. The like., Are used. From the EP 0 159 169 A2 Furthermore, a method for welding two parts by means of laser radiation is known, wherein the two parts are connected to a joining surface by means of a welded connection cohesively. However, the implementation of this method is rather expensive, as far as one part must be made transparent to the laser radiation and the other part must be designed to be absorbent for the laser radiation.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfaches Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Teilen, insbesondere von zwei Gehäuseteilen, mittels Laserstrahlung anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide a simple method for welding parts, in particular of two housing parts, by means of laser radiation.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a generic method by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die Fügeflächen an den beiden Teilen im wesentlichen gleichzeitig bis zum Aufschmelzen der Fügefläche von den Laserstrahlen beaufschlagt. Bei Erreichen der Aufschmelzung werden dann die beiden Teile an der Fügefläche bis zum Erkalten der Fügefläche aneinander gepresst. Geschaffen ist damit ein Verfahren zum Laserschweißen von Bauteilen in der Art von Laser-Spiegelschweißen. Vorteilhafterweise werden mit der erfindungsgemäßen Laserschweißverbindung für solche Fügepartner die bisherigen Nachteile, beispielsweise erhöhte Ausfälle durch Ultraschallschweißen (USS) von Gehäusen mit Flammschutz, die eine Elektronik beherbergen, Lösen von Partikeln in Gehäusen mit sensiblen Kontaktbereichen o. dgl., überwunden. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.In the method according to the invention, the joining surfaces on the two parts are acted upon by the laser beams substantially simultaneously until the joining surface melts. Upon reaching the melting, the two parts are then pressed against each other at the joint surface until the joining surface cools. This creates a process for laser welding of components in the manner of laser mirror welding. Advantageously, with the laser welding connection according to the invention for such joining partners the previous disadvantages, for example increased failures by ultrasonic welding (USS) housings with flame retardants, which accommodate electronics, dissolving particles in housings with sensitive contact areas o. The like., Overcome. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung, die sich durch eine besondere Effizienz auszeichnet, kann die Aufwärmung der Fügeflächen durch eine zusätzliche Energiequelle unterstützt werden. Beispielsweise kann hierzu ein Halogenstrahler Verwendung finden.In a further embodiment, which is characterized by a special efficiency, the heating of the joining surfaces can be supported by an additional energy source. For example, this can be a halogen spotlight use.

Durch entsprechende Anordnung der beiden Teile und/oder der Laserquelle können die Laserstrahlen direkt auf die Fügefläche gerichtet sein. Ein derartiges Verfahren zeichnet sich durch besondere Einfachheit aus, vor allem werden keine aufwendigen Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens benötigt. Es können die Laserstrahlen aber bei Bedarf auch indirekt auf die Fügefläche gerichtet sein. Die Laserstrahlen können dabei mittels eines Prismas, eines Spiegels o. dgl. zu den Fügeflächen zugeführt werden, was vor allem bei komplex ausgestalteten Teilen von Vorteil sein kann. Desweiteren können die Laserstrahlen auf die Schweißgeometrie angepasst zur Fügefläche zugeführt werden, was die Güte der Schweißnaht bei speziellen Anwendungsfällen weiter steigert. Zwecks Energieeinsparung lässt sich die Zusatzenergie von der zusätzlichen Energiequelle nach Bedarf flächendeckend einkoppeln. Schließlich können die Fügeflächen in einfacher sowie kostengünstiger Weise mittels Spanntechnik aneinander gepresst werden.By appropriate arrangement of the two parts and / or the laser source, the laser beams can be directed directly to the joint surface. Such a method is characterized by particular simplicity, especially no expensive devices for performing the method are needed. If required, however, the laser beams can also be directed indirectly onto the joining surface. The laser beams can be supplied by means of a prism, a mirror o. The like. To the joining surfaces, which can be advantageous especially in complex designed parts. Furthermore, the laser beams can be fed to the welding geometry adjusted to the joining surface, which further increases the quality of the weld in special applications. In order to save energy, the additional energy from the additional energy source can be coupled nationwide as needed. Finally, the joining surfaces can be pressed together in a simple and cost-effective manner by means of clamping technology.

Das erfindungsgemäße Schweißverfahren eignet sich besonders für Teile, die aus Kunststoff bestehen. Insbesondere kann es sich dabei um einen thermoplastischen Kunststoff handeln. Damit eine effektive Erwärmung der Teile an der Fügefläche erfolgt, können die beiden Teile derart mit Additiven versehen sein, dass zumindest die Fügeflächen der beiden Teile für die Laserstrahlung im wesentlichen absorbierend sind. Als Additive bieten sich Farbstoffpigmente an, womit vorteilhafterweise die beiden Teile gleichzeitig wunschgemäß eingefärbt werden können. Selbstverständlich können jedoch auch andere Additive, wie Glasfasern, Glaskugeln, Füllstoffe, Flammschutzmittel o. dgl., verwendet werden.The welding method according to the invention is particularly suitable for parts made of plastic. In particular, it may be a thermoplastic material. So that an effective heating of the parts takes place at the joining surface, the two parts can be provided with additives in such a way that at least the joining surfaces of the two parts for the laser radiation are substantially absorbent. Dyestuff pigments are suitable as additives, whereby advantageously the two parts can be dyed at the same time as desired. Of course, however, other additives such as glass fibers, glass beads, fillers, flame retardants o. The like., Can be used.

Die Einfärbung der Teile durch Farbstoffpigmente kann so erfolgen, dass die beiden Teile für das menschliche Auge im wesentlichen gleichfarbig erscheinen. Vorteilhafterweise erhält man dann nach Durchführung der Verschweißung ein einheitlich, homogen wirkendes Gesamtbauteil. Anstelle von farbigen Additiven und/oder zusätzlich zu den im Kunststoff der Teile befindlichen Farbpigmenten kann wenigstens ein Teil, und zwar wenigstens an der Fügefläche, ein die Laserstrahlung absorbierendes, für das menschliche Auge im wesentlichen farbloses Additiv enthalten. Mit Hilfe dieses Additivs wird wiederum die Effizienz des erfindungsgemäßen Schweißverfahrens gesteigert.The coloring of the parts by dye pigments can be carried out so that the two parts appear to be substantially the same color to the human eye. Advantageously, then obtained after performing the welding a uniform, homogeneous acting overall component. Instead of colored additives and / or in addition to the color pigments present in the plastic of the parts, at least one part, at least at the joining surface, may contain an additive that is substantially colorless and absorbs the laser radiation and that is essentially uncoloured to the human eye. With the aid of this additive, in turn, the efficiency of the welding method according to the invention is increased.

Für eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist nachfolgendes festzustellen. Mittels eines Laserstrahles werden die Fügezonen der zu verbindenden Teile quasi zeitgleich aufgeschmolzen. Dies wird ähnlich dem Simultan-, Quasisimultan- und/oder Maskenschweißen realisiert, wobei der Laserstrahl direkt und/oder indirekt, zum Beispiel über Prismen oder Spiegel, auf die Objekte gerichtet wird. Die Energiezufuhr zum Aufschmelzen der Schweißnaht erfolgt durch den Laserstrahl. Der Laserstrahl kann jedoch je nach Bedarf und/oder Anwendung durch eine zusätzliche Energiequelle, beispielsweise durch einen Halogenstrahler, unterstützt werden. Bei Erreichen der erforderlichen Aufschmelzung werden die zu fügenden Teile durch entsprechende Spanntechnik bis zum Erkalten zusammengedrückt. Der gesamte Prozessverlauf ist ähnlich wie beim herkömmlichen Spiegel- bzw. Heizelementschweißen, unterscheidet sich jedoch im Wesentlichen durch den Energieeintrag, der mittels eines Lasers und eventuell mittels eines zusätzlichen Halogenstrahlers erfolgt. Dabei ist der Laserstrahl auf die Schweißgeometrie angepasst und die Zusatzenergie wird je nach Bedarf flächendeckend eingekoppelt.For a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is to be determined below. By means of a laser beam, the joining zones of the parts to be joined are almost simultaneously melted. This will be similar to Simultaneous, Quasiimultan- and / or mask welding realized, wherein the laser beam is directed directly and / or indirectly, for example via prisms or mirrors, on the objects. The energy supply for melting the weld is made by the laser beam. However, the laser beam can be supported as needed and / or application by an additional power source, such as a halogen emitter. When the required melting is achieved, the parts to be joined are pressed together by appropriate clamping technology until they cool down. The entire process is similar to the conventional mirror or Heizelementschweißen, but differs essentially by the energy input, which takes place by means of a laser and possibly by means of an additional halogen radiator. The laser beam is adapted to the welding geometry and the additional energy is coupled in according to demand across the board.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass nunmehr Gehäusehälften miteinander verbunden werden können, welche Verbindungen bisher nur durch das Ultraschallschweißen realisiert werden konnten. Die weiteren Vorteile liegen im Wesentlichen in den bekannten Effekten, die vom Laserschweißen her ansonsten bekannt sind. Vor allem der Eintrag von Schwingungen in die Baugruppe stellt einer der markantesten Nachteile des Ultraschallschweißens dar und wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gänzlich vermieden. Somit können Gehäuse mit darin befindlichen schwingungsempfindlichen Elektroniken, mit mechanischen und/oder elektromechanischen Komponenten o. dgl. ohne Ausschuss hergestellt werden. Desweiteren ist das erfindungsgemäße Schweißverfahren in einfacher Art und Weise durchzuführen sowie sehr kostengünstig.The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that now housing halves can be connected to each other, which compounds could previously be realized only by the ultrasonic welding. The further advantages lie essentially in the known effects which are otherwise known from laser welding forth. Above all, the introduction of vibrations into the assembly represents one of the most striking disadvantages of ultrasonic welding and is completely avoided in the method according to the invention. Thus, housings with vibration-sensitive electronics therein, with mechanical and / or electromechanical components or the like can be produced without rejects. Furthermore, the welding method according to the invention is to be carried out in a simple manner and is very cost-effective.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung mit verschiedenen Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigenEmbodiments of the invention with various developments and refinements are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. Show it

1 schematisch ein aus zwei Teilen bestehendes Gehäuseelement, 1 schematically a two-part housing element,

2 das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Gehäuseelements aus 1 gemäß einer ersten Ausbildung und 2 the method for producing the housing element 1 according to a first training and

3 das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Gehäuseelements aus 1 gemäß einer zweiten Ausbildung. 3 the method for producing the housing element 1 according to a second education.

In 1 ist ein Gehäuseelement 1, das aus zwei Teilen 2, 3 besteht, in schematischer Art zu sehen. Die beiden Teile 2, 3, die jeweils aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehen, sind an einer Fügefläche 4 mittels einer Schweißverbindung 5 stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Die Schweißverbindung 5 ist durch Kunststoff-Laserschweißen hergestellt.In 1 is a housing element 1 , which consists of two parts 2 . 3 consists of seeing in a schematic way. The two parts 2 . 3 , each consisting of a thermoplastic material, are at a joining surface 4 by means of a welded joint 5 cohesively connected to each other. The welded joint 5 is made by plastic laser welding.

Das Verfahren zur Herstellung der Schweißverbindung 5 ist in einer ersten Ausgestaltung in 2 näher zu sehen. Das Verfahren arbeitet mittels Laserstrahlung 6. Von einem Laser 7 gehen Laserstrahlen 6, 6' aus und beaufschlagen die Fügeflächen 4 an den beiden Teilen 2, 3 im wesentlichen gleichzeitig. Die Laserstrahlen 6, 6' werden im Teil 2, 3 absorbiert und führen zur Erwärmung der Fügefläche 4. Die Beauschlagung mittels der Laserstrahlen 6, 6' erfolgt bis zum Aufschmelzen der Fügefläche 4. Bei Erreichen der Aufschmelzung werden dann die beiden Teilen 2, 3 an der Fügefläche 4 bis zum Erkalten der Fügefläche 4 aneinander gepresst, so dass die Schweißverbindung 5 gemäß 1 an der Fügefläche 4 gebildet ist. Zur Unterstützung der Presswirkung können die Fügeflächen 4 mittels entsprechender Spanntechnik 11 aneinander gepresst werden.The method for producing the welded joint 5 is in a first embodiment in 2 to see closer. The method works by means of laser radiation 6 , From a laser 7 go laser beams 6 . 6 ' off and act on the joint surfaces 4 at the two parts 2 . 3 essentially simultaneously. The laser beams 6 . 6 ' be in part 2 . 3 absorbs and leads to heating of the joining surface 4 , Beauchlagung by means of laser beams 6 . 6 ' takes place until the fusion surface melts 4 , Upon reaching the melting then the two parts 2 . 3 at the joint surface 4 until the joining surface cools down 4 pressed together, leaving the welded joint 5 according to 1 at the joint surface 4 is formed. To support the pressing effect, the joining surfaces 4 by means of appropriate clamping technology 11 pressed together.

Wie weiter in 2 zu sehen ist, kann die Aufwärmung der Fügeflächen 4 durch eine zusätzliche Energiequelle 8 unterstützt werden. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei der zusätzlichen Energiequelle 8 um einen Halogenstrahler handeln. Die Laserstrahlen 6, 6' können auf die Schweißgeometrie angepasst zur Fügefläche 4 zugeführt werden, beispielsweise entlang einer gewünschten Schweißkontur, indem die Laserstrahlen 6, 6' entsprechend dem Kurvenverlauf für die gewünschte Schweißkontur geführt werden. Die Zusatzenergie kann ebenfalls entsprechend diesem Kurvenverlauf oder je nach Bedarf auch flächendeckend eingekoppelt werden.As in further 2 can be seen, the warming up of the joining surfaces 4 through an additional energy source 8th get supported. For example, the additional energy source may be 8th to act a halogen spotlight. The laser beams 6 . 6 ' can be adapted to the welding geometry to the joint surface 4 be supplied, for example, along a desired welding contour by the laser beams 6 . 6 ' be guided according to the curve for the desired welding contour. The additional energy can also be coupled in accordance with this curve or as needed also nationwide.

Gemäß 2 sind die Laserstrahlen 6, 6' direkt auf die Fügefläche 4 gerichtet, womit ein Laserstrahl 6 für die Fügefläche 4 am Teil 2 sowie ein weiterer Laserstrahl 6' für die Fügefläche 4 am Teil 3 erforderlich ist. Bei einer zweiten Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens zum Verschweißen von zwei Teilen 2, 3 mittels Laserstrahlung sind die Laserstrahlen indirekt auf die Fügefläche 4 gerichtet, womit ein einziger Laserstrahl 10 für die Fügeflächen 4 an beiden Teilen 2, 3 ausreichend ist. Wie anhand von 3 zu sehen ist, ist in den vom Laser 7 ausgehenden Strahlengang 10 für die Laserstrahlung ein Prisma 9 eingefügt. Der Strahlengang 10 wird am Prisma 9 in die Einzelstrahlen 10', 10'' aufgeteilt, die jeweilig zu den Fügeflächen 4 der Teile 2, 3 zugeführt werden. Anstelle eines Prismas 9 kann auch ein Spiegel o. dgl. zur Aufteilung des Strahlengangs 10 in die zu den jeweiligen Fügeflächen 4 zugeführten Einzelstrahlen 10', 10'' gewählt werden.According to 2 are the laser beams 6 . 6 ' directly on the joining surface 4 directed, bringing a laser beam 6 for the joining surface 4 at the part 2 and another laser beam 6 ' for the joining surface 4 at the part 3 is required. In a second embodiment of the method for welding two parts 2 . 3 By means of laser radiation, the laser beams are indirectly on the joint surface 4 directed, bringing a single laser beam 10 for the joining surfaces 4 on both parts 2 . 3 is sufficient. As based on 3 is visible in the laser 7 outgoing beam path 10 for the laser radiation a prism 9 inserted. The beam path 10 is at the prism 9 into the individual rays 10 ' . 10 '' divided, the respective to the joint surfaces 4 Of the parts 2 . 3 be supplied. Instead of a prism 9 can also be a mirror o. The like. To split the beam path 10 in the to the respective joint surfaces 4 fed single beams 10 ' . 10 '' to get voted.

Damit die Laserstrahlung 6, 10 von den Teilen 2, 3 absorbiert wird, um die entsprechende Erwärmung zu bewirken, bietet es sich an, den Kunststoff für die beiden Teile 2, 3 zumindest an den Fügeflächen 4 mit Additiven zu versehen. Diese Additive bewirken dann die gewünschte Absorption der Laserstrahlung 6, 10 in den beiden Teilen 2, 3. Als Additive können beispielsweise Farbstoffpigmente gewählt werden. Die Einfärbung des Kunststoffs mittels Farbstoffpigmente kann dabei derart erfolgen, dass die beiden Teile 2, 3 für das menschliche Auge im wesentlichen gleichfarbig erscheinen. Der Kunststoff kann auch wenigstens an der Fügefläche 4 mit einem für das menschliche Auge im wesentlichen farblosen Additiv, das die Laserstrahlung 6, 10 absorbiert, versehen sein. Je nach Bedarf kann dabei eines der Teile 2, 3 oder auch beide Teile 2, 3 das Additiv enthalten.So that the laser radiation 6 . 10 from the parts 2 . 3 absorbed to cause the corresponding warming, it lends itself to the Plastic for the two parts 2 . 3 at least at the joining surfaces 4 to be provided with additives. These additives then cause the desired absorption of the laser radiation 6 . 10 in the two parts 2 . 3 , As additives, for example, dye pigments can be selected. The coloring of the plastic by means of dye pigments can be carried out in such a way that the two parts 2 . 3 appear to be essentially the same color to the human eye. The plastic can also at least at the joint surface 4 with an additive that is essentially colorless to the human eye, which is the laser radiation 6 . 10 absorbed, be provided. Depending on your needs, one of the parts can be used 2 . 3 or both parts 2 . 3 contain the additive.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebenen und dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Sie umfasst vielmehr auch alle fachmännischen Weiterbildungen im Rahmen der durch die Patentansprüche definierten Erfindung. So kann die Erfindung nicht nur zum Verschweißen von Gehäuseteilen für elektrische Schalter sondern auch zum Verschweißen von sonstigen Gehäusen, Behältnissen o. dgl., beispielsweise im Kraftfahrzeugbereich, Verwendung finden.The invention is not limited to the described and illustrated embodiments. Rather, it also encompasses all expert developments within the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Thus, the invention can not only be used for welding housing parts for electrical switches but also for welding other housings, containers o. The like., For example, in the automotive field, use.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gehäuseelementhousing element
2, 32, 3
Teil (von Gehäuseelement)Part (of housing element)
44
Fügeflächejoining surface
55
Schweißverbindungwelded joint
6, 6'6, 6 '
Laserstrahlung, LaserstrahlLaser radiation, laser beam
77
Laserlaser
88th
(zusätzliche) Energiequelle(additional) energy source
99
Prismaprism
1010
Laserstrahl/StrahlengangBeam path / laser beam
10'10 '
Laserstrahlung, LaserstrahlLaser radiation, laser beam
10''10 ''
Laserstrahlung, LaserstrahlLaser radiation, laser beam
1111
Spanntechnikclamping technology

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • EP 0159169 A2 [0003] EP 0159169 A2 [0003]

Claims (8)

Verfahren zum Verschweißen von zwei Teilen (2, 3) mittels Laserstrahlung, wobei die beiden Teile (2, 3) an einer Fügefläche (4) mittels einer Schweißverbindung (5) stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fügeflächen (4) an den beiden Teilen (2, 3) im wesentlichen gleichzeitig bis zum Aufschmelzen der Fügefläche (4) von den Laserstrahlen (6, 10) beaufschlagt werden, und dass bei Erreichen der Aufschmelzung die beiden Teile (2, 3) an der Fügefläche (4) bis zum Erkalten der Fügefläche (4) aneinander gepresst werden.Method for welding two parts ( 2 . 3 ) by means of laser radiation, the two parts ( 2 . 3 ) at a joint surface ( 4 ) by means of a welded connection ( 5 ) are materially interconnected, characterized in that the joining surfaces ( 4 ) on the two parts ( 2 . 3 ) substantially simultaneously until the melting of the joint surface ( 4 ) of the laser beams ( 6 . 10 ) and that upon reaching the reflow, the two parts ( 2 . 3 ) at the joint surface ( 4 ) until the joining surface cools ( 4 ) are pressed together. Verfahren zum Verschweißen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufwärmung der Fügeflächen (4) durch eine zusätzliche Energiequelle (8), insbesondere einen Halogenstrahler, unterstützt wird.Welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating of the joining surfaces ( 4 ) by an additional energy source ( 8th ), in particular a halogen radiator, is supported. Verfahren zum Verschweißen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Laserstrahlen (6, 10) direkt und/oder indirekt auf die Fügefläche (4) gerichtet sind.Welding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the laser beams ( 6 . 10 ) directly and / or indirectly on the joint surface ( 4 ) are directed. Verfahren zum Verschweißen nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Laserstrahlen (10, 10', 10'') mittels eines Prismas (9), eines Spiegels o. dgl. zu den Fügeflächen (4) zugeführt werden.Welding method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the laser beams ( 10 . 10 ' . 10 '' ) by means of a prism ( 9 ), a mirror o. The like. To the joint surfaces ( 4 ). Verfahren zum Verschweißen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Laserstrahlen (6, 6', 10, 10', 10'') auf die Schweißgeometrie angepasst zur Fügefläche (4) zugeführt werden, und dass vorzugsweise die Zusatzenergie von der Energiequelle (8) nach Bedarf flächendeckend eingekoppelt wird.Welding method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the laser beams ( 6 . 6 ' . 10 . 10 ' . 10 '' ) adapted to the welding geometry to the joint surface ( 4 ), and that preferably the additional energy from the energy source ( 8th ) is coupled nationwide as needed. Verfahren zum Verschweißen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fügeflächen (4) mittels Spanntechnik (11) aneinander gepresst werden.Welding method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the joining surfaces ( 4 ) by means of clamping technology ( 11 ) are pressed together. Verfahren zum Verschweißen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Teile (2, 3) aus Kunststoff, insbesondere einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, bestehen, und dass vorzugsweise die beiden Teile (2, 3) derart mit Additiven, insbesondere mit Farbstoffpigmenten, versehen sind, dass zumindest die Fügeflächen (4) der beiden Teile (2, 3) für die Laserstrahlung (6, 10) im wesentlichen absorbierend sind.Welding method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the two parts ( 2 . 3 ) consist of plastic, in particular a thermoplastic material, and that preferably the two parts ( 2 . 3 ) are so provided with additives, in particular with dye pigments, that at least the joining surfaces ( 4 ) of the two parts ( 2 . 3 ) for the laser radiation ( 6 . 10 ) are substantially absorbent. Verfahren zum Verschweißen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Teile (2, 3) für das menschliche Auge im wesentlichen gleichfarbig erscheinen, und dass vorzugsweise wenigstens ein Teil (2, 3), wenigstens an der Fügefläche (4), ein die Laserstrahlung (6, 10) absorbierendes, für das menschliche Auge im wesentlichen farbloses Additiv enthält.Welding method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the two parts ( 2 . 3 ) appear to be substantially the same color to the human eye, and that preferably at least one part ( 2 . 3 ), at least at the joint surface ( 4 ), the laser radiation ( 6 . 10 ) absorbing, substantially colorless additive to the human eye.
DE201110107537 2010-07-27 2011-07-11 Method for welding two parts of housing element with joint surface using laser radiation in region of motor car, involves pressing parts at joint surface opposite to each other until joint surface is cooled Withdrawn DE102011107537A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107552955A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-01-09 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 A kind of method and laser welding apparatus of laser welding opaque-plastic product
DE102020121021A1 (en) 2020-08-10 2022-02-10 Eissmann Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Method of attaching an optical fiber to a vehicle component

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159169A2 (en) 1984-04-09 1985-10-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha A process for joining different kinds of synthetic resins

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159169A2 (en) 1984-04-09 1985-10-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha A process for joining different kinds of synthetic resins

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107552955A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-01-09 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 A kind of method and laser welding apparatus of laser welding opaque-plastic product
DE102020121021A1 (en) 2020-08-10 2022-02-10 Eissmann Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Method of attaching an optical fiber to a vehicle component

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