DE102010030822A1 - Partially silylated magnetic particles and dispersions thereof - Google Patents
Partially silylated magnetic particles and dispersions thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Magnetische Kern-Schale-Partikel, umfassend einen Kern von einem oder mehreren magnetischen Metalloxiden und eine Schale aus Siliciumdioxid, wobei die Oberfläche der Schale teilsilyliert ist. Dispersion, umfassend diese Partikel.Magnetic core-shell particles comprising a core of one or more magnetic metal oxides and a shell made of silicon dioxide, the surface of the shell being partially silylated. Dispersion comprising these particles.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft teilsilylierte magnetische Partikel und eine Dispersion, die diese Partikel umfasst.The invention relates to partially silylated magnetic particles and a dispersion comprising these particles.
Ein flüssiger Schaum ist als Ansammlung von in einer Flüssigkeit dispergierten Luftblasen definiert. Die Blasen enthalten Moleküle eines Gases, die zu einem gewissen Maß in Wasser löslich sind, so dass die Blase zum schnellen Auflösen und Verschwinden neigt. Ferner kann es zum Koaleszieren benachbarter Blasen kommen. Seifenmoleküle, technisch als grenzflächenaktive Mittel bekannt, sind grenzflächenaktive Verbindungen, die gewöhnlich verwendet werden, um das Koaleszieren von Blasen zu verhindern, indem sie eine elektrische Barriere an der Luft-Wasser-Grenzfläche erzeugen.A liquid foam is defined as an accumulation of air bubbles dispersed in a liquid. The bubbles contain molecules of a gas that are soluble in water to some extent, so that the bubble tends to dissolve and disappear quickly. Furthermore, adjacent bubbles may coalesce. Soap molecules, known technically as surfactants, are surface-active compounds commonly used to prevent coalescence of bubbles by creating an electrical barrier at the air-water interface.
Sie können aber das Auflösen von Blasen nicht unterdrücken, und das Koaleszieren wird wegen der von thermischer Anregung getriebenen Desorption von Molekülen des grenzflächenaktiven Mittels nur verlangsamt. Beide Vorgänge beeinflussen reversibel die Langzeitstabilität von Schäumen.However, they can not suppress the dissolution of bubbles, and coalescence is only slowed down because of the thermally-driven desorption of surfactant molecules. Both processes reversibly influence the long-term stability of foams.
Dieser Nachteil wurde in den letzten Jahren durch die Verwendung von grenzflächenaktiven, festen Partikeln mit sehr kleiner Größe, gewöhnlich im Submikrometerbereich, überwunden [
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines Materials, das das Manipulieren eines Schaums ermöglicht, ohne seine Stabilität zu beeinträchtigen.An object of the invention is to provide a material which allows the manipulation of a foam without compromising its stability.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung sind magnetische Kern-Schale-Partikel, die einen Kern aus einem oder mehreren magnetischen Metalloxiden und eine Schale aus Siliciumdioxid umfassen, wobei die Oberfläche der Schale teilsilyliert ist.An object of the invention are magnetic core-shell particles comprising a core of one or more magnetic metal oxides and a shell of silica, wherein the surface of the shell is partially silylated.
„Teilsilyliert” soll bedeuten, dass die Oberfläche der Siliciumdioxidschale Silanolgruppen Si-OH und silylierte Silanolgruppen Si-O-Si umfasst."Partially silylated" is intended to mean that the surface of the silica shell comprises silanol groups Si-OH and silylated silanol groups Si-O-Si.
Ein indirektes Maß für das Verhältnis von Si-O-Si-Gruppen zu SiOH-Gruppen kann der Kohlenstoffgehalt sein, wie er durch Elementanalyse bestimmt wird, wobei hohe Zahlen das Verhältnis von Si-O-Si-Gruppen zu SiOH-Gruppen anzeigen.An indirect measure of the ratio of Si-O-Si groups to SiOH groups can be the carbon content as determined by elemental analysis, with high numbers indicating the ratio of Si-O-Si groups to SiOH groups.
Ein bevorzugter Kohlenstoffgehalt der Partikel gemäß der Erfindung beträgt 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Partikel.A preferred carbon content of the particles according to the invention is 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the particle.
Als direktes Maß für das Verhältnis von Si-O-Si-Gruppen zu SiOH-Gruppen kann der Restgehalt an reaktionsfähigen Silanolgruppen an der Oberfläche bestimmt werden. Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das von
Ein bevorzugter SiOH-Restgehalt der Partikel gemäß der Erfindung beträgt 0,1 bis 20 1/nm2 Partikeloberfläche, besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 10 1/nm2 Partikeloberfläche, jeweils bezogen auf das Partikel.A preferred SiOH residual content of the particles according to the invention is 0.1 to 20 l / nm 2 particle surface, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 l / nm 2 particle surface, in each case based on the particle.
Vorzugsweise sind die silylierten Silanolgruppen solche, die durch Umsetzung von Hydroxygruppen an der Siliciumdioxid-Oberfläche mit Organosilanen, Organosilazanen, Organosiloxanen oder Gemischen davon erhalten sind.Preferably, the silylated silanol groups are those obtained by reacting hydroxy groups on the silica surface with organosilanes, organosilazanes, organosiloxanes, or mixtures thereof.
Die Organosilane sind vorzugsweise aus einer oder mehreren der folgenden Verbindungen ausgewählt:
(RO)3Si(CnH2n+1) und (RO)3Si(CnH2n-1) wobei R = Alkyl, wie z. B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, Butyl, und n = 1–20.
Organosilane R'x(RO)ySi(CnH2n+1) und R'x(RO)ySi(CnH2n-1), wobei R = Alkyl, wie z. B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, Butyl; R' = Alkyl, wie z. B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, Butyl; R' = Cycloalkyl; n = 1–20; x + y = 3, x = 1, 2; y = 1, 2.
Halogenorganosilane X3Si(CnH2n+1) und X3Si(CnH2n-1), wobei X = Cl, Br; n = 1–20.
Halogenorganosilane X2(R')Si(CnH2n+1) und X2(R')Si(CnH2n-1), wobei X = Cl, Br, R' = Alkyl, wie z. B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, Butyl; R = Cycloalkyl; n = 1–20.
Halogenorganosilane X(R')2Si(CnH2n+1) und X(R')2Si(CnH2n-1), wobei X = Cl, Br; R' = Alkyl, wie z. B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, Butyl; R' = Cycloalkyl; n = 1–20.
Organosilane (RO)3Si(CH2)m-R', wobei R = Alkyl, wie z. B. Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl; m = 0,1–20; R' = Methyl, Aryl, wie z. B. -C6H5, substituierte Phenylreste.
Organosilane (R'')x(RO)ySi(CH2)m-R', wobei R'' = Alkyl, x + y = 3; Cycloalkyl, x = 1, 2, y = 1, 2; m = 0,1 bis 20; R' = Methyl, Aryl, wie z. B. C6H5, substituierte Phenylreste.
Halogenorganosilane X3Si(CH2)m-R', wobei X = Cl, Br; m = 0,1–20; R' = Methyl, Aryl, wie z. B. C6H5, substituierte Phenylreste.
Halogenorganosilane RX2Si(CH2)mR', wobei X = Cl, Br; m = 0,1–20; R' = Methyl, Aryl, wie z. B. C6H5, substituierte Phenylreste.
Halogenorganosilane R2XSi(CH2)mR', wobei X = Cl, Br; m = 0,1–20; R' = Methyl, Aryl, wie z. B. C6H5, substituierte Phenylreste. The organosilanes are preferably selected from one or more of the following compounds:
(RO) 3 Si (C n H 2n + 1 ) and (RO) 3 Si (C n H 2n-1 ) where R = alkyl, such as. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and n = 1-20.
Organosilanes R ' x (RO) y Si (C n H 2n + 1 ) and R' x (RO) y Si (C n H 2n-1 ), wherein R = alkyl, such as. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl; R '= alkyl, such as. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl; R '= cycloalkyl; n = 1-20; x + y = 3, x = 1, 2; y = 1, 2.
Halogenorganosilane X 3 Si (C n H 2n + 1 ) and X 3 Si (C n H 2n-1 ), where X = Cl, Br; n = 1-20.
Halogenorganosilane X 2 (R ') Si (C n H 2n + 1 ) and X 2 (R') Si (C n H 2n-1 ), wherein X = Cl, Br, R '= alkyl, such as. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl; R = cycloalkyl; n = 1-20.
Haloorganosilanes X (R ') 2 Si (C n H 2n + 1 ) and X (R') 2 Si (C n H 2n-1 ) where X = Cl, Br; R '= alkyl, such as. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl; R '= cycloalkyl; n = 1-20.
Organosilanes (RO) 3 Si (CH 2 ) m -R ', where R = alkyl, such as. Methyl, ethyl, propyl; m = 0.1-20; R '= methyl, aryl, such as. B. -C 6 H 5 , substituted phenyl.
Organosilanes (R ") x (RO) y Si (CH 2 ) m -R ', wherein R" = alkyl, x + y = 3; Cycloalkyl, x = 1, 2, y = 1, 2; m = 0.1 to 20; R '= methyl, aryl, such as. As C 6 H 5 , substituted phenyl.
Halogenorganosilane X 3 Si (CH 2 ) m -R ', where X = Cl, Br; m = 0.1-20; R '= methyl, aryl, such as. As C 6 H 5 , substituted phenyl.
Halogenorganosilane RX 2 Si (CH 2 ) m R ', where X = Cl, Br; m = 0.1-20; R '= methyl, aryl, such as. As C 6 H 5 , substituted phenyl.
Halogenorganosilane R 2 XSi (CH 2 ) m R ', where X = Cl, Br; m = 0.1-20; R '= methyl, aryl, such as. As C 6 H 5 , substituted phenyl.
Die Organosilazane sind vorzugsweise aus einer oder mehreren der folgenden Verbindungen ausgewählt:
R'R2SiNHSiR2R', wobei R,R' = Alkyl, Vinyl, Aryl.The organosilazanes are preferably selected from one or more of the following compounds:
R'R 2 SiNHSiR 2 R ', where R, R' = alkyl, vinyl, aryl.
Die Organosiloxane sind vorzugsweise aus einer oder mehreren der folgenden Verbindungen ausgewählt:
Cyclische Polysiloxane D3, D4, D5 und ihre Homologe, wobei D3, D4 und D5 cyclische Polysiloxane mit 3, 4 oder 5 Einheiten des Typs -O-Si(CH3)2 bedeuten, beispielsweise Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxan = D4.
Polysiloxane oder Siliconöle des Typs Y-O-[SiRR'-O]m-[SiR''R'''0]n]uY, wobei R = Alkyl; R' = Alkyl, Aryl, H; R'' = Alkyl, Aryl; R''' = Alkyl, Aryl, H; Y = CH3, H, CzH2z+1 mit z = 1–20, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...∞, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...∞, u = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...∞, Si(CH3)3, Si(CH3)2H, Si(CH3)2OH, Si(CH3)2(OCH3), Si(CH3)2(CzH2z+1).The organosiloxanes are preferably selected from one or more of the following compounds:
Cyclic polysiloxanes D3, D4, D5 and their homologs, wherein D3, D4 and D5 are cyclic polysiloxanes having 3, 4 or 5 units of the type -O-Si (CH 3 ) 2 , for example octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane = D4.
Polysiloxanes or silicone oils of the type YO- [SiRR'-O] m - [SiR''R '''O] n ] u Y, where R = alkyl; R '= alkyl, aryl, H; R "= alkyl, aryl; R '''= alkyl, aryl, H; Y = CH 3 , H, C z H 2z + 1 with z = 1-20, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... ∞, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... ∞, u = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... ∞, Si (CH 3 ) 3 , Si (CH 3 ) 2 H, Si (CH 3 ) 2 OH, Si (CH 3 ) 2 (OCH 3 ), Si (CH 3 ) 2 (C z H 2z + 1 ).
Spezielle Beispiele sind Dimethyldiacetoxysilan, Dimethyldichlorsilan, Dimethyldiethoxysilan, Dimethyldimethoxysilan, Divinyltetramethyldisilazan, Hexamethyldisilazan, Methyltriacetoxysilan, Methyltrichiorsilan, Methyltriethoxysilan, Methyltrimethoxysilan, Octadecylmethyldichlorsilan, Octadecyltrichlorsilan, Octamethylcyclotetrasilazan, Octylmethyldichlorsilan, Octyltrichlorsilan, Octyltriethoxysilan, Octyltrimethoxysilan, Phenyldimethylchlorsilan, Phenyldimethylethoxysilan, Phenyldimethylmethoxysilan, Phenylmethyldichlorsilan, Phenylmethyldiethoxysilan, Phenylmethyldimethoxysilan, Phenyltrichlorsilan, Phenyltriethoxysilan, Phenyltrimethoxysilan, Trimethylacetoxysilan, Trimethylchlorsilan, Trimethylethoxysilan, Trimethylmethoxysilan, Trimethylsilanol, Vinyldimethylchlorsilan, Vinyldimethylethoxysilan, Vinyldimethylmethoxysilan, Vinylmethyldichlorsilan, Vinylmethyldiethoxysilan, Vinylmethyldimethoxysilan, Vinyltrichlorsilan, Vinyltriethoxysilan und Vinyltrimethoxysilan, wobei Octyltriethoxysilan und Octyltrimethoxysilan die bevorzugtesten sind.Specific examples are dimethyldiacetoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, divinyltetramethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisilazane, Methyltriacetoxysilane, Methyltrichiorsilan, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, octadecylmethyldichlorosilane, octadecyltrichlorsilane, octamethylcyclotetrasilazane, octylmethyldichlorosilane, octyl trichlorosilane, octyltriethoxysilane, Octyltrimethoxysilane, phenyldimethylchlorosilane, Phenyldimethylethoxysilan, phenyldimethylmethoxysilane, phenylmethyldichlorosilane, phenylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrichlorosilane , Phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, trimethylacetoxysilane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylsilanol, vinyldimethylchlorosilane, vinyldimethylethoxysilane, vinyldimethylmethoxysilane, vinylmethyldichlorosilane, vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane, wherein octyltrieth hoxysilane and octyltrimethoxysilane are the most preferred.
Der Kern der Partikel gemäß der Erfindung kann ein oder mehrere Oxide von Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Chrom, Europium, Yttrium, Samarium, Gadolinium oder Mischoxide davon enthalten. In jedem Fall können die Metalloxide in dem Kern in einer einheitlichen Modifikation oder in verschiedenen Modifikationen vorliegen. Das magnetische Material des Kerns kann ferner Mischoxide umfassen, die diese Metalloxide umfassen.The core of the particles according to the invention may contain one or more oxides of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, europium, yttrium, samarium, gadolinium or mixed oxides thereof. In any case, the metal oxides may be present in the core in a uniform modification or in various modifications. The magnetic material of the core may further comprise mixed oxides comprising these metal oxides.
Auch Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel MIIFe2O4, wobei MII eine Metallkomponente darstellt, die wenigstens zwei voneinander verschiedene divalente Metalle umfasst. Vorzugsweise kann eines der divalenten Metalle, die als Kern dienen, Mangan, Zink, Magnesium, Kobalt, Kupfer, Cadmium oder Nickel sein.Also compounds of the general formula M II Fe 2 O 4 , wherein M II represents a metal component comprising at least two mutually different divalent metals. Preferably, one of the divalent metals serving as the core may be manganese, zinc, magnesium, cobalt, copper, cadmium or nickel.
Der Kern kann ferner aus ternären Systemen der allgemeinen Formel (Ma 1-x-yMb xFey)IIFe2 IIIO4 bestehen, wobei Ma und Mb die Metalle Mangan, Kobalt, Nickel, Zink, Kupfer, Magnesium, Barium, Yttrium, Zinn, Lithium, Cadmium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Titan, Chrom, Vanadium, Niob oder Molybdän sind, wobei x = 0,05 bis 0,95, y = 0 bis 0,95 und x + y ≤ 1. Spezielle Beispiele sind ZnFe2O4, MnFe2O4, Mn0,6Fe0,4Fe2O4, Mn0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, Zn0,1Fe1,9O4, Zn0,2Fe1,8O4, Zn0,3Fe1,7O4, Zn0,4Fe1,6O4 und Mn0,39Zn0,27Fe2,34O4, MgFe2O3, Mg1,2MnO0,2Fe1,6O4, Mg1,4Mn0,4Fe1,2O4, Mg1,6Mno0,6Fe0,8O4 und Mg1,8Mn0,8Fe0,4O4.The core may further consist of ternary systems of the general formula (M a 1-xy M b x Fe y ) II Fe 2 III O 4 , where M a and M b are the metals manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, copper, magnesium, Barium, yttrium, tin, lithium, cadmium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, titanium, chromium, vanadium, niobium or molybdenum, where x = 0.05 to 0.95, y = 0 to 0.95 and x + y ≤ 1. Specific examples are ZnFe 2 O 4 , MnFe 2 O 4 , Mn 0.6 Fe 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 , Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 , Zn 0.1 Fe 1.9 O 4 , Zn 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 , Zn 0.3 Fe 1.7 O 4 , Zn 0.4 Fe 1.6 O 4 and Mn 0.39 Zn 0.27 Fe 2.34 O 4 , MgFe 2 O 3 , Mg 1.2 MnO 0.2 Fe 1.6 O 4 , Mg 1.4 Mn 0.4 Fe 1.2 O 4 , Mg 1.6 Mno 0.6 Fe 0.8 O 4 and Mg 1.8 Mn 0.8 Fe 0.4 O 4 .
Ein bevorzugter magnetischer Kern ist Eisenoxid, umfassend die Eisenoxide Hämatit, Magnetit und Maghämit. Bei einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Anteil von Hämatit, wie aus Röntgendiffraktogrammen bestimmt, 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 4 bis 8 Gew.-%; Magnetit bildet 20 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 35 bis 40 Gew.-%, und Maghämit bildet 40 bis 75 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 50 bis 60 Gew.-%, wobei die Summe der Anteile 100 Gew.-% beträgt. Bei einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Anteil von Hämatit 5 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 Gew.-%; Magnetit bildet 50 bis 90 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 60 bis 85 Gew.-%, und Maghämit bildet 5 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 20 Gew.-%, wobei die Summe der Anteile 100 Gew.-% beträgt.A preferred magnetic core is iron oxide comprising the iron oxides hematite, magnetite and maghemite. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the proportion of hematite, as determined from X-ray diffractograms, 1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 4 to 8 wt .-%; Magnetite forms 20 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 40 wt .-%, and Maghämit forms 40 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 60 wt .-%, wherein the sum of the proportions is 100 wt .-% , In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the proportion of hematite is 5 to 40 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 30 wt .-%; Magnetite forms 50 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 60 to 85 wt .-%, and Maghämit forms 5 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 20 wt .-%, wherein the sum of the proportions is 100 wt .-% ,
Die in dem Kern vorhandenen Eisenoxid-Polymorphe sind kristallin und weisen bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung eine Kristallgröße des Hämatits von 200 bis 1200 Angström, des Magnetits von 200 bis 600 Angström und des Maghämits von 150 bis 500 Angström auf, in allen Fällen aus Debye-Scherrer-Röntgendiffraktogrammen berechnet.The iron oxide polymorphs present in the core are crystalline and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, have a hematite crystal size of 200 to 1200 angstroms, magnetite 200 to 600 angstroms and maghemite 150 to 500 angstroms, in all cases from Debye -Scherrer X-ray diffractograms calculated.
Die Schale der Partikel gemäß der Erfindung umfasst oder besteht im Wesentlichen aus Siliciumdioxid, das Hydroxygruppen an der Oberfläche trägt. Vorzugsweise ist das Siliciumdioxid ein röntgenamorphes Siliciumdioxid. „Besteht im Wesentlichen aus” soll bedeuten, dass kleine Mengen, etwa 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-%, eines von Siliciumdioxid verschiedenen Materials vorhanden sind. Gewöhnlich kann dies eine Verbindung oder mehrere mit einer Bindung zwischen Siliciumdioxid und dem Kernmaterial sein, beispielsweise Eisensilicat.The shell of the particles according to the invention comprises or consists essentially of silicon dioxide bearing hydroxyl groups on the surface. Preferably, the silica is an X-ray amorphous silica. "Essentially consists of" shall mean that small amounts, about 0.1 to 3 wt.%, Of a material other than silica are present. Usually, this may be one or more compounds having a bond between silica and the core material, for example, iron silicate.
Die BET-Oberfläche der magnetischen Kern-Schale-Partikel beträgt vorzugsweise 20 bis 100 m2/g, besonders bevorzugt 30 bis 60 m2/g. Die BET-Oberfläche wird gemäß
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegen die magnetischen Kern-Schale-Partikel hauptsächlich oder ausschließlich als aggregierte Metalloxidpartikel vor, die von Siliciumdioxid umhüllt sind. Im Allgemeinen beträgt der Aggregatdurchmesser vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 250 nm, bevorzugter 30 bis 200 nm.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the core-shell magnetic particles are mainly or exclusively present as aggregated metal oxide particles encased in silica. In general, the aggregate diameter is preferably not more than 250 nm, more preferably 30 to 200 nm.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Metalloxidgehalt der magnetischen Kern-Schale-Partikel 10 bis 95 Gew.-%, der Siliciumdioxidgehalt beträgt 5 bis 90 Gew.-%. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Metalloxidgehalt 60 bis 90 Gew.-%, der Siliciumdioxidgehalt beträgt 10 bis 40 Gew.-%.In a further embodiment of the invention, the metal oxide content of the magnetic core-shell particles is 10 to 95 wt .-%, the silica content is 5 to 90 wt .-%. Preferably, the metal oxide content is 60 to 90 wt .-%, the silica content is 10 to 40 wt .-%.
Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist eine Dispersion, umfassend die magnetischen Kern-Schale-Partikel. Der Gehalt an den magnetischen Kern-Schale-Partikeln in der Dispersion beträgt vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugter 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 2 bis 10 Gew.-%.Another object of the invention is a dispersion comprising the magnetic core-shell particles. The content of the magnetic core-shell particles in the dispersion is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 10% by weight.
Die flüssige Phase der Dispersion kann Wasser und/oder organische Lösungsmittel umfassen, mit der Maßgabe, dass die flüssige Phase aus einer Phase besteht. Vorzugsweise umfasst die flüssige Phase Wasser und einen oder mehrere Alkohole und/oder Diole. In der Regel beträgt der Gehalt an Alkohol und/oder Diol 5 bis < 50 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 40 Vol.-%, besonders bevorzugt 15 bis 30 Vol.-%. Spezielle Beispiele sind Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol, iso-Propanol, n-Butanol, iso-Butanol und Ethylenglycol.The liquid phase of the dispersion may comprise water and / or organic solvents, with the proviso that the liquid phase consists of one phase. Preferably, the liquid phase comprises water and one or more alcohols and / or diols. In general, the content of alcohol and / or diol 5 to <50 vol .-%, preferably 10 to 40 vol .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 30 vol .-%. Specific examples are methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol and ethylene glycol.
Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Dispersion frei von emulgierenden grenzflächenaktiven Mitteln.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the dispersion is free of emulsifying surfactants.
Zum Herstellen der Dispersion kann jedes dem Fachmann bekannte Verfahren verwendet werden. Die Verfahren umfassen das Schütteln der Bestandteile der Dispersion von Hand bis zum hochscherenden Mischen und werden der vorgesehenen Verwendung, der Konzentration der dispergierten Partikel, der Viskosität und der Stabilität der Dispersion entsprechend ausgewählt.Any method known to those skilled in the art can be used to prepare the dispersion. The methods include shaking the ingredients of the dispersion by hand to high shear mixing and selecting according to the intended use, the concentration of the dispersed particles, the viscosity and the stability of the dispersion.
Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Verwendung der magnetischen Kern-Schale-Partikel oder einer Dispersion, die diese Partikel umfasst, als Katalysator, bei der medizinischen Behandlung oder in Klebstoffen.A further object of the invention is the use of the magnetic core-shell particles or a dispersion comprising these particles, as a catalyst, in medical treatment or in adhesives.
Beispiele Examples
Beispiel 1: Magnetische Kern-Schale-PartikelExample 1: Magnetic core-shell particles
Hydrophile magnetische Kern-Schale-Partikel wurden gemäß dem in
Dieses Gemisch wird in der Verbrennungszone des Reaktors in einer Flamme, die durch Entzünden eines Gemischs von 7,9 m3 (STP)/h Wasserstoff und 21 m3 (STP)/h Luft erzeugt wird, umgesetzt. Die Aufenthaltsdauer des Reaktionsgemischs in der Verbrennungszone beträgt etwa 40 ms.This mixture is reacted in the combustion zone of the reactor in a flame generated by igniting a mixture of 7.9 m 3 (STP) / h of hydrogen and 21 m 3 (STP) / h of air. The residence time of the reaction mixture in the combustion zone is about 40 ms.
In der Kühlzone, die der Verbrennungszone nachgeschaltet folgt, wird das Reaktionsgemisch durch Einführen von 8 kg/h Wasser auf 332°C abgekühlt.In the cooling zone following the combustion zone, the reaction mixture is cooled to 332 ° C by introducing 8 kg / h of water.
Das erhaltene Pulver wird auf einem Filter von den gasförmigen Stoffen abgetrennt. Das hydrophile Pulver weist Siliciumdioxid-umhülltes Eisenoxid mit einem Siliciumdioxidgehalt von 19,3 Gew.-% und einem Eisenoxidgehalt von 81,7 Gew.-% auf, umfassend Maghämit-, Hämatit- und Magnetitphasen in einem Verhältnis von 7:7:86.The resulting powder is separated on a filter from the gaseous substances. The hydrophilic powder comprises silica-coated iron oxide having a silica content of 19.3% by weight and an iron oxide content of 81.7% by weight comprising maghemite, hematite and magnetite phases in a ratio of 7: 7: 86.
Beispiele 2 bis 6: Teilsilylierte magnetische Kern-Schale-PartikelExamples 2 to 6: Partially silylated magnetic core-shell particles
Dieses Pulver wird zunächst in einen Mischer gefüllt und zerstäubt, während es kräftig mit OCTMO gemischt wird. Nach dem Ende des Zerstäubens wird das Mischen weitere 15 Minuten fortgesetzt, gefolgt von 4 Stunden Wärmebehandlung bei 130°C, um teilsilylierte Pulver zu ergeben. In Tabelle 1 werden Einzelheiten angegeben. Tabelle 1: Herstellung, von teilsilylierten, Siliciumdioxid-umhüllten Eisenoxidpartikeln
Beispiel 7: Dispersionen von teilsilylierten magnetischen Kern-Schale-PartikelnExample 7 Dispersions of Partially Silylated Magnetic Core Shell Particles
Das teilsilylierte Pulver von Beispiel 4 wird in Gemischen von Wasser und Ethanol dispergiert und mithilfe eines Vibracell 75185-Geräts mit einer 14 mm-Spitze 60 Sekunden ultraschallbehandelt. Die Dispersionen werden geschlossen gehalten, um das Abdampfen von Ethanol zu verhindern. Es werden Dispersionen mit einem Gehalt von 0,5, 2,0, 5,0, 10,0 und 20,0 g/l an teilsilyliertem Pulver hergestellt.The partially silylated powder of Example 4 is dispersed in mixtures of water and ethanol and sonicated for 60 seconds using a Vibracell 75185 instrument with a 14 mm tip. The dispersions are kept closed to prevent the evaporation of ethanol. Dispersions containing 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g / l of partially silylated powder are prepared.
Beispiel 8: Schäume aus den Dispersionen von teilsilylierten magnetischen Kern-Schale-PartikelnExample 8: Foams from the dispersions of partially silylated magnetic core-shell particles
Schäume wurden durch 30 Sekunden kräftiges Schütteln von Hand der Dispersionen hergestellt, jeweils 9 ml in einem 30 ml-Gefäß, um ein konstantes Wasser/Luft-Verhältnis von fw = 0,3 zu ergeben. Der Ethanolgehalt beträgt 5, 10, 20, 30 und 50 Vol.Foams were prepared by handful shaking of the dispersions for 30 seconds, 9 ml each in a 30 ml vessel to give a constant water / air ratio of f w = 0.3. The ethanol content is 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 vol.
Ethanolkonzentration Der Ethanolgehalt hat erheblichen Einfluss auf die Entstehung stabiler Blasen.
Partikelkonzentration: Die Konzentration von teilsilylierten Partikeln wird bei einer konstanten Ethanolkonzentration von 20 Vol.-% der Ethanol/Wasser-Gemische zwischen 0,5 und 20 mg/ml variiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die Konzentration direkt mit der erzeugten Menge an Schaum in Beziehung steht. Bei Erhöhen der Partikelkonzentration auf bis zu 50 mg/ml (5 Gew.-%) wird eine wesentliche Zunahme der Schaumhöhe beobachtet. Bei höheren Partikelkonzentrationen scheint ein Plateau der Schaumhöhe erreicht zu werden, und wir nehmen als Grund dafür an, dass in diesem Bereich die Viskosität der Dispersion zunimmt, wodurch die Schaumerzeugung durch Schütteln schwieriger wird.Particle concentration: The concentration of partially silylated particles is varied between 0.5 and 20 mg / ml at a constant ethanol concentration of 20% by volume of the ethanol / water mixtures. It turns out that the concentration is directly related to the amount of foam produced. Increasing the particle concentration up to 50 mg / ml (5 wt%) will cause a substantial increase in foam height. At higher particle concentrations, a plateau of foam height appears to be achieved, and we assume that the viscosity of the dispersion increases in this region, making shaking foam generation more difficult.
Manipulation der teilsilylierten Partikel unter Verwendung von Magnetfeldern und Feldgradienten: Mit den teilsilylierten Partikeln umhüllte Blasen können unter Verwendung von Magnetfeldgradienten leicht bewegt oder kompaktiert werden. Diese Schäume sind unter dem Einfluss externer magnetischer Kräfte bemerkenswert stabil und zeigen unter starken Feldgradienten von 10 Tesla/m und auch unter einem Hochfeldmagneten von 65 Tesla/m (Feld von 14 Tesla) kein Zeichen von Zerstörung.Manipulation of Partially Silylated Particles Using Magnetic Fields and Field Gradients: Bubbles enveloped with the partially silylated particles can be easily moved or compacted using magnetic field gradients. These foams are remarkably stable under the influence of external magnetic forces and exhibit no sign of destruction under strong field gradients of 10 Tesla / m and even under a high field magnet of 65 Tesla / m (field of 14 Tesla).
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- WO 2010/063557 [0031] WO 2010/063557 [0031]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- B. P. Binks; T. S. Horozov, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2005, 44, (24), 3722–3725 [0004] BP Binks; TS Horozov, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2005, 44, (24), 3722-3725 [0004]
- A. Stocco; W. Drenckhan; E. Rio; D. Langevin; B. P. Binks, Soft Matter 2009, 5, (11), 2215–2222 [0004] A. Stocco; W. Drenckhan; E. Rio; D. Langevin; BP Binks, Soft Matter 2009, 5, (11), 2215-2222 [0004]
- A. C. Martinez; E. Rio; G. Delon; A. Saint-Jalmes; D. Langevin; B. P. Binks, Soft Matter 2008, 4, (7), 1531–1535 [0004] AC Martinez; E. Rio; G. Delon; Saint-Jalmes; D. Langevin; BP Binks, Soft Matter 2008, 4, (7), 1531-1535 [0004]
- J. Mathias und G. Wannemacher im Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 125 (1988) [0010] J. Mathias and G. Wannemacher in the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 125 (1988) [0010]
- DIN ISO 9277 [0023] DIN ISO 9277 [0023]
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Title |
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A. C. Martinez; E. Rio; G. Delon; A. Saint-Jalmes; D. Langevin; B. P. Binks, Soft Matter 2008, 4, (7), 1531-1535 |
A. Stocco; W. Drenckhan; E. Rio; D. Langevin; B. P. Binks, Soft Matter 2009, 5, (11), 2215-2222 |
B. P. Binks; T. S. Horozov, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2005, 44, (24), 3722-3725 |
DIN ISO 9277 |
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WO2012000741A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
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