DE10034655A1 - Device for using solar power has two layers, transmissive one facing sun and radiation absorbent one, between which air is heated and fed by natural convection to heat utilizing device - Google Patents
Device for using solar power has two layers, transmissive one facing sun and radiation absorbent one, between which air is heated and fed by natural convection to heat utilizing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- DE10034655A1 DE10034655A1 DE10034655A DE10034655A DE10034655A1 DE 10034655 A1 DE10034655 A1 DE 10034655A1 DE 10034655 A DE10034655 A DE 10034655A DE 10034655 A DE10034655 A DE 10034655A DE 10034655 A1 DE10034655 A1 DE 10034655A1
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- radiation
- layers
- solar energy
- air
- energy according
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Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006100 radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/69—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of shingles or tiles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
- E04D2001/309—Ventilation tiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
- F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft den Aufbau einer Anlage zur thermischen Nutzung der Sonnenener gie unter Verwendung von Luft und Flüssigkeit als Wärmeträger sowie die dazu erforderli chen Elemente und deren Anordnung entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Die thermische Nutzung der Sonnenenergie basiert meist auf einer Umwandlung der Strahlungsenergie an festen Oberflächen in Wärme und deren Abtransport durch ein Fluid. Die dazu verwendete Vorrichtung wird als Solarkollektor bezeichnet. Üblicherweise wird die Wärme zur Erwärmung von Brauchwasser, zur Unterstützung von Heizungssystemen oder zur Wärmespeicherung verwendet. Nach dem Stand der Technik wird als Fluid meist eine Flüssigkeit - bevorzugt Wasser unter Zusatz eines Frostschutzmittels - genutzt.The invention relates to the construction of a system for the thermal use of the sun gie using air and liquid as a heat carrier and the necessary Chen elements and their arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1. The thermal use of solar energy is mostly based on a conversion of the Radiant energy on solid surfaces in heat and its removal by a fluid. The device used for this is called a solar collector. Usually the Heat to heat domestic water, to support heating systems or used for heat storage. According to the prior art, one is usually used as the fluid Liquid - preferably water with the addition of an antifreeze - used.
Die Verwendung von Flüssigkeiten als Wärmeträger hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass die Solarkollektoren als flüssigkeitsdichte Druckbehälter ausgelegt sein müssen, die zur Son nenseite durch ein durchscheinendes Glas geschützt und isoliert und auf der sonnenabge wandten Seite isoliert sind. Wegen der erforderlichen langen Lebensdauer ist diese Kon struktion aufwendig und somit teuer und bedarf der ständigen Wartung. Werden Kollekto ren auf Dächern montiert, so verändern sie den optischen Eindruck des Daches und des Hauses meist negativ. Hinsichtlich der Gestaltung des Daches ist man an die Dimensionen und die Oberflächengestaltung der überwiegend industriell gefertigten Solarkollektoren gebunden.However, the use of liquids as heat transfer media has the disadvantage that the Solar collectors must be designed as liquid-tight pressure vessels that are used for Son Protected and insulated on the inside by a translucent glass and on the sun side are insulated. Because of the long life required, this con structure complex and therefore expensive and requires constant maintenance. Become a collector mounted on roofs, they change the visual impression of the roof and the House mostly negative. With regard to the design of the roof, the dimensions are important and the surface design of the mainly industrially manufactured solar collectors bound.
Es ist bekannt, ein durch die Sonnenstrahlung erwärmtes Mittel unterhalb strahlungsabsor bierender Dachbeläge mittels Leitungen einem Wärmetauscher zuzuführen (PN 3005424). Ebenso ist bekannt, die mittels Glasdachziegeln erwärmte Luft in besonders gebauten Kanälen der Dachverschalung zu sammeln und wärmetechnisch zu nutzen (PN 3608197). Beide Vorschläge greifen jedoch in die Konstruktion des Daches ein und verändern dessen Charakter.It is known to have an agent heated by solar radiation below the radiation absorber supplying the roof coverings to a heat exchanger using pipes (PN 3005424). It is also known that the air heated by means of glass roof tiles in specially built Collect channels of the roof cladding and use them for thermal purposes (PN 3608197). However, both suggestions intervene in the construction of the roof and change it Character.
Aufgabe der vorgelegten Erfindung ist es, den bisher in der Regel verwendeten flüssig keitsgefüllten Solarkollektor durch einen Kollektor unter Verwendung von Luft als Wärme träger zu ersetzen und diesen so zu gestalten, dass er die gesamte Dachfläche einnimmt, wobei die Unterkonstruktion des Daches weitestgehend erhalten bleibt. Dieser Kollektor erfüllt gleichzeitig die dichtende Funktion des Daches und die Nutzung der Solarenergie. The object of the submitted invention is to make the liquid which has hitherto generally been used filled solar collector by a collector using air as heat to replace the carrier and to design it so that it takes up the entire roof area, whereby the substructure of the roof is largely preserved. This collector fulfills the sealing function of the roof and the use of solar energy.
Der Kollektor ist einfach aufzubauen und arbeitet weitestgehend wartungsfrei. Der optische Eindruck des Daches wird bei freier Gestaltungsmöglichkeit nicht oder kaum verändert. Diese Aufgaben werden durch eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 ("Heißluft-Solardach") gelöst.The collector is easy to assemble and works largely maintenance-free. The optical one The impression of the roof is not or hardly changed with free design options. These tasks are achieved by a device according to claim 1 ("hot air solar roof") solved.
Das Dach wird mit zwei, durch Abstandshalter voneinander getrennten Schichten gedeckt. Für die sonnenzugewandte Seite werden vorzugsweise Glasdachziegeln mit weitestge hend herkömmlichen Abmessungen verwendet, die dem Dach zugewandte Seite kann ebenfalls aus Glasdachziegeln bestehen (Abb. 1). Diese Glasdachziegel sind dabei vorzugsweise aus Altglas gefertigt, können zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades teil weise beschichtet sein und haben eine geringere Stärke als baugleiche herkömmliche Ziegel, um die Dachlast zu begrenzen. Der Abstand zwischen den Deckungen wird durch spezielle Abstandhalter bestimmt (Einzelheit 1 in Abb. 1). Die untere Deckung ist dabei an der Oberfläche, die zur Sonne zugewandt ist, mit einer strahlungsabsorbierenden Schicht versehen. Die gesamte Deckung wird zum Dach zu zweckmäßigerweise isoliert, um Wärmeverluste zu vermindern.The roof is covered with two layers separated by spacers. Glass roof tiles with largely conventional dimensions are preferably used for the sun-facing side; the side facing the roof can also consist of glass roof tiles ( Fig. 1). These glass roof tiles are preferably made of waste glass, can be partially coated to improve efficiency and have a lower thickness than identical conventional tiles to limit the roof load. The distance between the covers is determined by special spacers (detail 1 in Fig. 1). The lower cover is provided with a radiation-absorbing layer on the surface facing the sun. The entire cover is suitably insulated from the roof in order to reduce heat losses.
Durch die doppelte Deckung und den Abstand zwischen den beiden Deckungen entsteht ein kanalförmiger, gemäß der Dachneigung schräggestellter Hohlraum, der nach unten offen ist und oben (am Dachfirst) in einem verrippten, wasserdurchflossenen Wärmetau scher endet.Due to the double coverage and the distance between the two coverings a channel-shaped cavity, which is inclined according to the roof pitch and which faces downwards is open and at the top (on the roof ridge) in a ribbed, water-permeated heat rope sher ends.
Die auftreffende Strahlung durchdringt die oberen, strahlungsdurchlässigen Glasziegel und wird an der absorbierenden Schicht der darunter liegenden Ziegel in Wärme umgewandelt. Durch diese Wärme wird die in dem Kanal befindliche Luft erwärmt und strömt unter der Wirkung des einsetzenden natürlichen Auftriebs nach oben, also in Richtung des in First nähe befindlichen Wärmetauschers. Dort gibt sie Wärme an das im Wärmetauscher fließende Wasser ab.The incident radiation penetrates the upper, radiation-permeable glass bricks and is converted into heat at the absorbent layer of the underlying bricks. This heat heats the air in the duct and flows under it Effect of the onset of natural buoyancy upwards, i.e. in the direction of that in ridge near the heat exchanger. There it gives off heat to that in the heat exchanger running water.
Auf eine Abdichtung der Glas-Dachziegel kann verzichtet werden, da die Strömungsverlus te durch Spalte gering sind. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft hängt von der Erwär mung und den Strömungswiderständen ab; in gewissen Grenzen ist das System selbst regelnd. Die erreichbare Temperatur der Luft wird neben der Sonneneinstrahlung von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft bestimmt. Diese kann durch Durchsatzbegrenzungen am Ein- oder Austritt geregelt werden. Der Wärmetauscher in Firstnähe ist einfach gebaut und besteht nur aus einem verrippten Rohr, durch das z. B. Brauchwasser fließt und er wärmt wird. There is no need to seal the glass roof tiles because the flow is lost te are small due to gaps. The air flow rate depends on the heat and flow resistance; the system itself is within certain limits regulating. The attainable temperature of the air is dependent on the sun's radiation Air flow velocity determined. This can be achieved through throughput limits regulated at the entry or exit. The heat exchanger near the ridge is simply built and consists only of a ribbed tube through which z. B. Process water flows and he is warmed.
Die geometrische Gestaltung des Daches unterliegt keinen Beschränkungen durch den Wärmetauscher, der ebenfalls in allen Geometrien und Lagen eingebaut werden kann. Eine Einfärbung der Glasdachziegel, insbesondere der unteren, kann farblich angepasst werden. Die untere Ziegelschicht kann dabei auch aus herkömmlichem Material (Ton, Beton) bestehen. Insofern ist es auch möglich, die ursprüngliche Deckung als untere Schicht beizubehalten.The geometric design of the roof is not restricted by the Heat exchanger that can also be installed in all geometries and positions. A coloring of the glass roof tiles, especially the lower ones, can be adjusted in color become. The lower layer of brick can also be made of conventional material (clay, Concrete). In this respect it is also possible to use the original cover as the lower one Maintain layer.
Zur Verminderung der Wärmeverluste kann die Umsetzung der Strahlungsenergie in Wär me auch an einer parallel zwischen den beiden Deckschichten befindlichen absorbierenden Strahlungsplatte erfolgen, die dann von beiden Seiten von der wärmeabführenden Luft umströmt wird (Einzelheit 2 in Abb. 1). In diesem Falle wird die untere Deckung strah lungsreflektierend ausgeführt, um die Wärmeverluste durch das Dach weiter zu vermin dern. Die Strahlungsplatte kann ebenflächig oder zur Vergrößerung der Wärmetauschflä che gefaltet oder verrippt gestaltet sein.To reduce heat losses, the radiation energy can also be converted into heat on an absorbing radiation plate located parallel between the two cover layers, which is then flowed around from both sides by the heat-dissipating air (detail 2 in Fig. 1). In this case, the lower cover is designed to reflect radiation in order to further reduce heat losses through the roof. The radiation plate can be flat or folded or ribbed to enlarge the heat exchange surface.
Des weiteren kann die doppelte Deckung durch Glas-Hohlziegeln ersetzt werden, bei der die Luft im Inneren der Hohlziegel erwärmt wird und dem Wärmetauscher zuströmt ( Abb. 2).Furthermore, the double covering can be replaced by hollow glass bricks, in which the air inside the hollow bricks is heated and flows to the heat exchanger ( Fig. 2).
Die der Umwandlung von Strahlungsenergie in Wärme dienende Absorptionsschicht kann auch als photovoltaische Schicht ausgebildet werden. Dann ist mit diesem Aufbau gleich zeitig zur Wärmegewinnung auch die Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom, also eine Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung in der Solartechnik, möglich. The absorption layer used to convert radiation energy into heat can can also be formed as a photovoltaic layer. Then this structure is the same at the same time as generating heat, the generation of electric current, i.e. one Combined heat and power in solar technology possible.
Es ist eine Vorrichtung zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie in Form eines Heißluft-Solarda
ches in folgender Ausführungen als Variante 1 konstruiert worden:
Die vorhandene, nicht veränderte Konstruktion des Dachstuhles - hier bestehend aus
Fetten und dem Firstbalken - trägt eine Deckung, die an der der Sonne zugewandten
Oberfläche mit eine strahlungsabsorbierende Schicht versehen ist (Abb. 1). Dafür
wurde geschwärztes, an der Unterseite isoliertes Stahlblech verwendet, sie kann aber
auch aus anderen Materialien und auch aus herkömmlichen oder Glasziegeln bestehen.
Über dieser ersten Deckung befindet sich eine zweite aus durchscheinenden Glasziegeln
derart, dass ein freier Kanal für die Strömung von Luft entsteht. Der Abstand zwischen den
beiden Deckungen wird durch Abstandshalter gewährleistet (Einzelheit 1 in Abb. 1).
Die Luft tritt am unteren Ende des Daches ein, wird durch die Sonnenenergie erwärmt und
tritt mit höherer als Umgebungstemperatur aus dem Kanal am oberen Ende aus. Dort wird
sie einem verrippten Wärmetauscher zugeleitet und gibt die Wärme an eine im Inneren
des Wärmetauschers fließende Flüssigkeit - üblicherweise eine frostgeschützte Kreislauf
flüssigkeit - zur weiteren Wärmenutzung ab. Der Eintritt von Niederschlagswasser wird
durch die Abdeckung mittels modifizierter Firstziegel verhindert.A device for using solar energy in the form of a hot-air solar roof has been constructed in the following versions as variant 1:
The existing, unchanged roof truss construction - here consisting of grease and the ridge beam - has a covering that is provided with a radiation-absorbing layer on the surface facing the sun ( Fig. 1). Blackened steel sheet insulated on the underside was used for this, but it can also consist of other materials and also of conventional or glass bricks. Above this first covering there is a second one made of translucent glass tiles in such a way that a free channel for the flow of air is created. The distance between the two covers is ensured by spacers (detail 1 in Fig. 1). The air enters at the lower end of the roof, is heated by solar energy and exits the duct at the upper end at a higher than ambient temperature. There it is fed to a ribbed heat exchanger and releases the heat to a liquid flowing inside the heat exchanger - usually a frost-protected circuit liquid - for further heat use. The entry of rainwater is prevented by the cover using modified ridge tiles.
Da sich die strahlungsabsorbierende Schicht unmittelbar auf der unteren Deckung befin det, wird ein Teil der entstehenden Wärme infolge Wärmeleitung durch die Deckung trans portiert und als Verlustwärme abgeführt. Der Anteil der Verlustwärme wird durch eine Isolationsschicht, die unterhalb der unteren Deckung befindet, vermindert.Because the radiation absorbing layer is directly on the lower cover det, part of the heat generated due to heat conduction through the cover is trans ported and dissipated as heat loss. The share of heat loss is determined by a Insulation layer, which is located below the lower cover, diminished.
Zur Vergrößerung der Wärmeaustauschfläche und zur Verminderung der Wärmeverluste wurden in den freien Kanal Strahlungsplatten eingebracht, die an der sonnenzugewandten Seite strahlungsabsorbierend sind und die Wärme an ihren beiden Seiten durch Konvekti on an die umströmende Luft abgeben (Einzelheit 2 in Abb. 1). In diesem Fall ist auf die strahlungsabsorbierende Schicht auf der unteren Deckung verzichtet worden. Eine Faltung oder Verrippung dieser Strahlungsplatten vergrößert die Wärmeübergangsfläche zur strömenden Luft. Die Deckung wird in diesem Fall mit einer reflektierenden Schicht versehen, die die von den Strahlungsplatten ausgehende Wärmestrahlung in den Kanal zurückwirft und die Wärmeverluste verringert. Auch bei dieser Ausführung erfolgt eine zusätzliche Wärmedämmung unterhalb der unteren Deckung. Die Deckung der unteren Schicht kann auch bei dieser Bauweise aus herkömmlichen oder Glasziegeln mit Be schichtung bestehen.In order to increase the heat exchange area and to reduce the heat losses, radiation plates were placed in the free channel, which are radiation-absorbing on the side facing the sun and emit the heat on both sides by convection to the surrounding air (detail 2 in Fig. 1). In this case, the radiation-absorbing layer on the lower cover has been dispensed with. Folding or ribbing these radiation plates increases the heat transfer area to the flowing air. In this case, the cover is provided with a reflective layer, which reflects the heat radiation emitted by the radiation plates back into the channel and reduces the heat losses. This version also has additional thermal insulation below the lower cover. The cover of the lower layer can also consist of conventional or glass bricks with coating in this construction.
Als Variante 2 wurde ein Heißluft-Solardach gemäß Abb. 2 konstruiert.As variant 2, a hot air solar roof was constructed as shown in Fig. 2.
Anstelle der zwei Deckungen wird nur eine Deckung mit speziellen Hohlglas-Solarziegeln vorgenommen. Diese sind in ihren äußeren Abmessung so gestaltet, dass sie ohne Ver änderung der Dach-Unterkonstruktion anstelle herkömmlicher Dachziegel eingebaut werden können. Sie haben lediglich eine größere Dicke, da ein genügend freier Strömungs querschnitt für die im Inneren strömende Luft gewährleistet sein muß. Dieser Hohlglas- Solarziegel trägt an seiner unteren, der Sonne zugewandten Seite des Innenraumes eine strahlungsabsorbierende Schicht, die sich durch die Sonnenstrahlung erwärmt und die Wärme an die im Inneren strömende Luft abgibt. Die Hohlglas-Solarziegel sind mit Öff nungen versehen, durch die Luft ein- und ausströmen kann. Diese Öffnungen sind so gestaltet, dass die Ziegel in herkömmlicher Technologie verlegt werden können und gerin ge Maßungenauigkeiten, z. B. der Abstände der Dachlatten, kompensiert und Spaltverluste minimiert werden. Die Warmluft wird durch einen End-Ziegel einem in Firstnähe angeord neten Wärmetauscher zugeführt. Eine Wärmeisolation unterhalb der Hohlziegel erweist sich als zweckmäßig.Instead of the two coverings, only one cover with special hollow glass solar tiles is used performed. These are designed in their outer dimensions so that they can be used without Ver Modification of the roof substructure installed instead of conventional roof tiles can be. They only have a larger thickness because there is enough free flow cross-section for the air flowing inside must be guaranteed. This hollow glass Solar tile has one on its lower, sun-facing side of the interior radiation-absorbing layer, which is heated by the sun's radiation and which Emits heat to the air flowing inside. The hollow glass solar tiles are with public provide openings through which air can flow in and out. These openings are like this designed that the bricks can be laid using conventional technology and so on ge inaccuracies, e.g. B. the distances between the roof battens, compensated and gap losses be minimized. The warm air is arranged by an end brick near the ridge Neten heat exchanger supplied. Thermal insulation underneath the hollow tiles proves itself as appropriate.
Auch bei dieser Konstruktion kann eine Strahlungsplatte im Inneren der Hohlziegel analog der Variante 1 angeordnet werden. In diesem Fall wird die untere, der Sonne zugewand ten Seite des Innenraumes strahlungsreflektierend ausgerüstet. Dadurch kann eine weite re Verminderung der Energieverluste erreicht werden.With this construction too, a radiation plate inside the hollow brick can be analog Variant 1 can be arranged. In this case the lower one faces the sun th side of the interior equipped with radiation reflecting. This can be a wide one re reduction of energy losses can be achieved.
Claims (10)
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DE10034655A DE10034655A1 (en) | 2000-07-16 | 2000-07-16 | Device for using solar power has two layers, transmissive one facing sun and radiation absorbent one, between which air is heated and fed by natural convection to heat utilizing device |
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DE10034655A DE10034655A1 (en) | 2000-07-16 | 2000-07-16 | Device for using solar power has two layers, transmissive one facing sun and radiation absorbent one, between which air is heated and fed by natural convection to heat utilizing device |
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DE10034655A Withdrawn DE10034655A1 (en) | 2000-07-16 | 2000-07-16 | Device for using solar power has two layers, transmissive one facing sun and radiation absorbent one, between which air is heated and fed by natural convection to heat utilizing device |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009000091A1 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | POSNANSKY, André | Roof structure for a solar system |
FR2920452A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-06 | Jean Thomas Berret | Roof element, has energy generation units positioned below tiles to generate energy from solar radiation and including solar panel supported on upper part of support, where support has counter-batten fixed above rafter along rake of roof |
ITPZ20080003A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-15 | Pasquale Salvatore Marsico | SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM WITH MODULAR COMPOSITION FOR EVERY TYPE OF BUILDING WITH NO DIMENSIONS. |
DE102011114987B4 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-07-17 | Horst Hartl | Roof membrane i.e. solar system, for roof structure mounted on roof e.g. flat roof, on isolation facing side of house, has transmissive roofing secured at attachment element, where attachment element and channel formed from absorber |
CN109983188A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2019-07-05 | 兹尼亚泰克有限公司 | Caping, cladding or revetment module or equipment |
US10505492B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-12-10 | Solarcity Corporation | Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods |
DE102022120931A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 | 2024-02-29 | mygreen Holding GmbH | Roof structure with photovoltaic modules |
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DE9015074U1 (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-03-12 | Bauer, Heiner, Dipl.-Ing. (Fh), 8501 Pyrbaum, De | |
DE19628036A1 (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1997-01-16 | Andreas Hoch | Sun light heat extraction method for solar collector - has free flowing heat transporting medium which also acts as heat absorbing medium |
DE29719900U1 (en) * | 1997-11-08 | 1998-02-19 | Labin Marek | Power generation facility |
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DE7613567U1 (en) * | 1976-04-29 | 1977-12-22 | Felske, Artur R., 6238 Hofheim | SOLAR PANEL |
DE3933734A1 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1991-04-11 | Slavik Paul Dipl Ing Arch | Solar energy powered heater for buildings - has air duct(s) between outer and inner building surface with outer and inner aperture(s) |
DE9015074U1 (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-03-12 | Bauer, Heiner, Dipl.-Ing. (Fh), 8501 Pyrbaum, De | |
DE19628036A1 (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1997-01-16 | Andreas Hoch | Sun light heat extraction method for solar collector - has free flowing heat transporting medium which also acts as heat absorbing medium |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009000091A1 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | POSNANSKY, André | Roof structure for a solar system |
FR2920452A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-06 | Jean Thomas Berret | Roof element, has energy generation units positioned below tiles to generate energy from solar radiation and including solar panel supported on upper part of support, where support has counter-batten fixed above rafter along rake of roof |
ITPZ20080003A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-15 | Pasquale Salvatore Marsico | SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM WITH MODULAR COMPOSITION FOR EVERY TYPE OF BUILDING WITH NO DIMENSIONS. |
EP2177845A2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-21 | Pasquale Salvatore Marsico | Solar plant |
EP2177845A3 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-05-19 | Pasquale Salvatore Marsico | Solar plant |
DE102011114987B4 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-07-17 | Horst Hartl | Roof membrane i.e. solar system, for roof structure mounted on roof e.g. flat roof, on isolation facing side of house, has transmissive roofing secured at attachment element, where attachment element and channel formed from absorber |
US10505492B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-12-10 | Solarcity Corporation | Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods |
CN109983188A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2019-07-05 | 兹尼亚泰克有限公司 | Caping, cladding or revetment module or equipment |
CN109983188B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2021-11-26 | 兹尼亚泰克有限公司 | Capping, cladding or retaining wall modules or apparatus |
DE102022120931A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 | 2024-02-29 | mygreen Holding GmbH | Roof structure with photovoltaic modules |
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