CS209838B2 - Valve - Google Patents
Valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS209838B2 CS209838B2 CS723366A CS336672A CS209838B2 CS 209838 B2 CS209838 B2 CS 209838B2 CS 723366 A CS723366 A CS 723366A CS 336672 A CS336672 A CS 336672A CS 209838 B2 CS209838 B2 CS 209838B2
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- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- ball
- poppet
- valve according
- plate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
- F16K31/52—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam
- F16K31/524—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with a cam
- F16K31/52408—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with a cam comprising a lift valve
- F16K31/52416—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with a cam comprising a lift valve comprising a multiple-way lift valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
- F16K31/52—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam
- F16K31/524—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with a cam
- F16K31/52408—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with a cam comprising a lift valve
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86389—Programmer or timer
- Y10T137/86405—Repeating cycle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86389—Programmer or timer
- Y10T137/86445—Plural, sequential, valve actuations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86919—Sequentially closing and opening alternately seating flow controllers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/87169—Supply and exhaust
- Y10T137/87233—Biased exhaust valve
- Y10T137/87241—Biased closed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
- Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
- Y10T74/18296—Cam and slide
- Y10T74/18304—Axial cam
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(54) Ventil(54) Valve
Předmětem vynálezu je ventil. Mnohé ventily se uvádějí v činnost různými vačkami, které však obvykle mají tu nevýhodu, že křivková dráha vačky se při nepřetržitém používání rychle opotřebuje i vzdor jejímu velmi tvrdému povrchu a mazání.The subject of the invention is a valve. Many valves are actuated by various cams, but usually have the disadvantage that the cam cam track will wear rapidly in continuous use despite its very hard surface and lubrication.
Jsou známy poháněči mechanismy ventilů používající ve snaze po snížení opotřebení valivých členů například podle belgického patentu č. 521 182, znázorňujícího zařízení opatřené otáčivým členem s částí přidržující kuličku, kterážto část i s kuličkou je upravena pod zvláštním zdvihátkem vlastního ventilu.Valve actuators are known for use in an attempt to reduce the wear of the rolling members, for example according to Belgian Patent No. 521,182, showing a device provided with a rotating member with a ball retaining portion, which portion including the ball is provided under a separate valve lift.
Nevýhodou popsaného známého uspořádání je, že osa otáčení otáčivého členu je kolmá k ose zdvihátka a že otáčivý člen se nepohybuje plynule v jednom směru, nýbrž koná oscilační pohyb kolem své osy v rozsahu asi 30°, přičemž do styku se zdvihátkem přichází tatáž část povrchu kuličky.A disadvantage of the known arrangement described is that the axis of rotation of the rotary member is perpendicular to the axis of the tappet and that the rotary member does not move smoothly in one direction but performs an oscillating movement about its axis within about 30 °. .
Dále je známo uspořádání podle německého patentu čís. 347 776, znázorňující zařízení s čelní vačkou působící na kuličku pohánějící ventil. Nevýhodou tohoto uspořádání je, že kulička je ve stálém styku s křivkovou drahou čelní vačky.Further, the arrangement according to German patent no. 347 776 illustrating a front cam device acting on a ball driving a valve. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that the ball is in constant contact with the cam track path.
Úkolem vynálezu je návrh .ventilu opatřeného poháněcím mechanismem, vykazu2 jícím nejmenší míru opotřebení a odstraňujícím nevýhody známých zařízení.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a valve having a drive mechanism which exhibits the least wear and eliminates the disadvantages of the known devices.
Úkol byl podle vynálezu vyřešen pro ventil s dříkem uváděným do pohybu za účelem otevření a zavření pohybem zdvihátka a opatřený prostředky pro pohyb zdvihátka z klidu proti síle předpětí, vyznačený tím, že sestává z tělesa ventilu s přívodem opatřeným prvním talířovým ventilem, vývodem opatřeným druhým talířovým ventilem a výfukem spojeným přes druhý talířový ventil s vývodem, přičemž první talířový ventil má první dřík a druhý talířový ventil má druhý dřík, oba dříky jsou upraveny pro zdvih v kinematické vazbě s alespoň jednou kuličkou, uloženou v kruhových otvorech kruhové desky, uspořádané otáčivě v tělese ventilu.The object was solved according to the invention for a valve with a stem actuated for opening and closing by movement of the tappet and provided with means for moving the tappet from rest against biasing force, characterized in that it consists of a valve body with inlet provided with a first poppet valve; a first poppet valve having a first stem and a second poppet valve having a second stem, both stems being adapted for stroke in kinematic coupling with at least one ball housed in circular openings of a circular plate arranged rotatably in valve body.
Dále podle vynálezu talířové ventily sestávají z hlav, jejichž dříky jsou vzájemně rovnoběžné a prochází vedeními do komory tělesa ventilu, proti alespoň jedné kuličce.Further, according to the invention, the poppet valves consist of heads whose shafts are parallel to one another and pass through ducts into the valve body chamber against at least one ball.
Rovněž podle vynálezu o hlavy talířových ventilů jsou opřeny tlačné pružiny.According to the invention, compression springs are also supported on the poppet valve heads.
Podle dalšího význaku vynálezu prostor pod prvním talířovým ventilem je spojen s prostorem nad druhým talířovým ventilem kanálem.According to a further feature of the invention, the space below the first poppet valve is connected to the space above the second poppet valve by a channel.
Podle ještě dalšího význaku vynálezu kru209838 hováč ' deska je -uložena otočně na čepu- rovnoběžném s dříky, upevněném v tělese . - ventílií; ,According to yet another feature of the invention, the drive plate is rotatably mounted on a pin parallel to the shanks fixed in the body. - valves; ,
Dalším význakem vynálezu je, že ' - kuličky spočívají na pevné desce, upravené na dolním konci komory tělesa ventilu.Another feature of the invention is that the balls rest on a fixed plate provided at the lower end of the valve body chamber.
Ještě - dalším - význakem vynálezu je, že pevná deska je tvořena dnem tělesa ventilu.Yet another feature of the invention is that the rigid plate is formed by the bottom of the valve body.
Dále podle vynálezu kruhová dsska je rovnoběžná s pevnou deskou.Further, according to the invention, the circular plate is parallel to the fixed plate.
Rovněž podle vynálezu kruhová deska je opatřena na obvodu ozubením v kinematické vazbě s hnacím šroubovým vřetenem.Also according to the invention, the circular plate is provided on the periphery with a toothing in kinematic coupling with a driving screw spindle.
Ještě dále podle vynálezu kulička je ze skla.Still further according to the invention the ball is of glass.
Rovněž podle vynálezu kulička je z oceli.Also according to the invention the ball is made of steel.
Konečně podle vynálezu kulička je z materiálu o- tvrdosti 35 - dle Rockwella, kterážto tvrdost je vyšší, než tvrdost materiálu pevné desky a dříků.Finally, according to the invention, the ball is of a Rockwell hardness 35 material, which hardness is higher than that of the rigid plate and shaft material.
Výhodou uspořádání ventilu podle vynálezu je okolnost, že kruhová deska unášející kuličku, se stále plynule otáčí, čímž snižuje opotřebení kuličky, -poněvadž všechny části - jejího povrchu přicházejí do styku s dřívkem ventilu. Další výhodou vynálezu je, že kulička nebo- kuličky jsou zatíženy pouze v okamžiku styku s dříkem ventilu, což nejen prodlužuje životnost kuličky nebo kuliček samých, ale rovněž životnost povrchu, po němž se odvalují.An advantage of the valve arrangement according to the invention is that the circular plate carrying the ball still rotates continuously, thereby reducing the wear of the ball, since all parts of its surface come into contact with the valve stem. A further advantage of the invention is that the ball or balls is loaded only at the moment of contact with the valve stem, which not only extends the life of the ball or balls themselves, but also the life of the surface over which they roll.
Rovněž průměr kuličky -a průměr její odvalovací dráhy na kruhové desce je volen tak, aby do- styku s - dříkem ventilu přicházely nejrůznější - části - jejího- povrchu, což zcela plní úkol vynálezu, vytvořit poháněči mechanismus ventilu s prakticky nejmenším' opotřebením.Also, the diameter of the ball - and the diameter of its rolling path on the circular plate - is chosen so that various parts of its surface come into contact with the valve stem, which fully fulfills the object of the invention, to create a valve actuator with virtually the least wear.
Dva příklady vzduchových regulačních ventilů budou dále podrobně popsány na příkladech provedení ve vztahu k výkresu, ría němž - značí: obr. 1 schematický nárysný řež· - - prvním provedením vzduchového- regulačního- ventilu, obr. 2 nárysný schematický řez druhým provedením vzduchového regulačního ventilu.Two examples of air control valves will be described in detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: - Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a first embodiment of an air control valve; Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of an air control valve; .
V - obou obrázcích jsou pro sobě odpovídající - části použity stejné vztahové značky.In the two figures, corresponding parts are used with the same reference numerals.
Vzduchový - regulační ventil má těleso 11 ventilu, - v němž - je upraven přívod 12, vývod 13 a- výfuk 14. Přívod 12 je připojen k - zásobníku například přes vzduchový pojistný - ventil a výstup 13 může být připojen k čerpací jednotce, například -k pístovým čerpadlům podvozkové mazací jednotky. Vstup - 12 je vytvořen - v první zátce 15, opatřené závitem a zašroubované do· tělesa 11 ventilu, přičemž - první vrtání 16 v první zátce 15, je spojeno- s prvním souosým vrtáním 17 v tělese 11 ventilu. Ventilový prvek ve tvaru prvního* talířového ventilu 18 uzavírá -první sedlo 19 v dolní části souosého vrtání 17, přičemž hlava 20 talířového vrtání -se nachází - v souosém vrtání 17 a první dřík 21 prochází prvním sedlem 19. Povrch - hlavy 20 talířového- ventilu, přivrá cený - ke vstupu, má první - osazení 22. Mezi prvním osazením 22 a druhým osazením 24, tvořeným koncem první zátky 15, vzniklým tak, že průměr vrtání 16 je menší, než průměr souosého- vrtání 17, je vložena tlačná pružina 23.The air-regulating valve has a valve body 11, in which inlet 12, outlet 13, and exhaust 14 are provided. Inlet 12 is connected to the reservoir via, for example, an air relief valve and the outlet 13 can be connected to a pump unit, for example to the piston pumps of the bogie lubrication unit. The inlet 12 is formed in a threaded first plug 15 screwed into the valve body 11, wherein a first bore 16 in the first plug 15 is connected to a first coaxial bore 17 in the valve body 11. The valve member 18 in the form of the first poppet valve 18 closes the first seat 19 at the bottom of the coaxial bore 17, the poppet bore head 20 being located in the coaxial bore 17 and the first stem 21 extending through the first seat 19. facing the inlet has a first shoulder 22. A compression spring 23 is inserted between the first shoulder 22 and the second shoulder 24 formed by the end of the first plug 15, such that the bore diameter 16 is smaller than the bore diameter 17. .
Hlava 20 prvního talířového ventilu 18 nese v prstencovém sedle O-kroužek 25, z pružně stlačitelného materiálu, například z neopránu, který utěsňuje první sedlo* 19, když je první talířový ventil 18 uzavřen.The head 20 of the first poppet valve 18 carries in the annular seat an O-ring 25, of a resiliently compressible material, such as a neoprene, that seals the first poppet 19 when the first poppet valve 18 is closed.
Vývod 13 má obdobně druhou zátku 26 s druhým -vrtáním 27, spojeným s - druhým souosým vrtáním 28 v tělese 11 ventilu. V dolní části druhého souosého vrtání 28 se nachází druhé sedlo 29, které se uzavírá ventilovým prvkem ve tvaru druhého talířového- ventilu 30, zavřeného účinkem druhé tlačné -pružiny 33 a -opatřeného druhým dříkem 32.The outlet 13 likewise has a second plug 26 with a second bore 27 connected to a second coaxial bore 28 in the valve body 11. In the lower part of the second coaxial bore 28 there is a second seat 29 which is closed by a valve element in the form of a second disk valve 30, closed by the action of a second compression spring 33 and provided with a second stem 32.
První vrtání 16 a první souosé vrtání - 17, druhé vrtání 27 a druhé souosé vrtání 28 jsou vzájemně rovnoběžné tak jako i osy prvního- a druhého- talířového ventilu 18, 30. Uspořádání druhého talířového- ventilu 30 je stejné jako prvního talířového- ventilu 18, a proto- nebude dále popisováno. Kanál 31 spojuje prostor pod prvním sedlem 19 protilehlým souosém vrtání 17 s prostorem nad druhým souosým vrtáním 28 na druhým talířovým ventilem 30. Druhé sedlo 29 je spojeno s výfukem 14 na straně protilehlé druhému souosému vrtání 28.The first bore 16 and the first coaxial bore 17, the second bore 27 and the second coaxial bore 28 are parallel to each other as well as the axes of the first and second poppet valves 18, 30. The arrangement of the second poppet valve 30 is the same as the first poppet valve 18 and, therefore, will not be further described. The channel 31 connects the space below the first seat 19 opposite the coaxial bore 17 to the space above the second coaxial bore 28 on the second poppet valve 30. The second seat 29 is connected to the exhaust 14 on the side opposite the second coaxial bore 28.
První a druhý talířový ventil 18, 30 jsou uváděny v činnost zvedacími prvky, které zvedají dříky 21, 32, a tím zvedají i talířové - ventily 18, 30 z jejich klidové polohy proti působení první - tlačné pružiny 23 a druhé tlačné pružiny 33. - Tyto zvedací prvky jsou vytvořeny jako- otáčivá kruhová deska 34 s kruhovým -otvorem 43, v němž je uložena kulička 35 ze skla, která se valí po pevné desce 36, uzavírající komoru 37, v níž se nachází kulička 35 a otáčivá deska 34. Kulička je v kruhovém otvoru 43 uložena s vůlí, takže se může volně valit.Ventilové dříky 21, 32 dosahují do komory 37 na straně protilehlé pevné desce 36, přičemž ty části dříků 21, 32, které vyčnívají do komory 37, tvoří zdvihátka. Dříky 21, 32 jsou vedeny vedeními 38, 39 a jsou utěsněny vůči nim O kroužky 40, 41.The first and second poppet valves 18, 30 are actuated by lifting elements that lift the stem 21, 32 and thereby lift the poppet valves 18, 30 from their rest position against the action of the first compression spring 23 and the second compression spring 33. - These lifting elements are formed as a rotatable circular plate 34 with a circular bore 43 in which a glass ball 35 is mounted which rolls on a fixed plate 36 enclosing a chamber 37 in which the ball 35 and the rotary plate 34 are located. The valve stems 21, 32 reach into the chamber 37 on the side of the opposite fixed plate 36, the portions of the stems 21, 32 which project into the chamber 37 form tappets. The shafts 21, 32 are guided by guides 38, 39 and are sealed against them by O-rings 40, 41.
. Otáčivá kruhová deska 34 a pevná deska 36 jsou rovnoběžné, ventilové dříky 21, 32 jsou k těmto deskám - kolmé. Otáčivá kruhová deska 34 se nuceně -otáčí kolem' -osy k ní kolmé na čepu 42, který jí prochází, přičemž čep 42 je upraven mezi tělesem 11 ventilu a pevnou deskou 36. Kruhový otvor 43, procházející otáčivou kruhovou deskou unáší kuličku 35 s otáčivou kruhovou deskou 34 při jejím otáčení kolem čepu 42. Kruhový otvor 43 je - umístěn v otáčivé desce 34 tak, že když se deska otáčí, kulička prochází -přímo - pod ventilovými dříky 21, 32 -a jak je patrno- z obr. 1, kulička 35 se nemůže z otvoru 43 vyprostit, protože pevná deska 36 je vzdálena od druhé stěny komory 37 jen o něco více, než je průměr kuličky 35. Ventilové dříky 21, 32 vyčnívají do komory 37 v takové míře, že vzdálenost mezi ' dolním koncem dříku 21, 32 a pevnou deskou 36 je menší, než průměr kuličky 35.. The rotatable circular plate 34 and the fixed plate 36 are parallel, the valve stems 21, 32 being perpendicular to these plates. The rotatable circular plate 34 is forcibly rotated about an axis perpendicular thereto on the pin 42 passing therethrough, the pin 42 being provided between the valve body 11 and the fixed plate 36. The circular hole 43 passing through the rotatable circular plate carries the ball 35 with the rotatable the circular plate 34 as it rotates around the pin 42. The circular bore 43 is positioned in the rotatable plate 34 such that when the plate rotates, the ball passes - directly - below the valve stems 21, 32 -and as shown in FIG. the ball 35 cannot escape from the aperture 43 because the fixed plate 36 is only slightly more than the diameter of the ball 35 from the second wall of the chamber 37. The valve stems 21, 32 protrude into the chamber 37 to such an extent that the distance between the lower end The shank 21, 32 and the fixed plate 36 are smaller than the diameter of the ball 35.
Otáčivá kruhová -deska 34 má na vnějším okraji zuby 44, které ' zabírají s neznázorněným šnekem, poháněným hnacím . šroubovým vřetenem 45.The rotatable circular plate 34 has teeth 44 at the outer edge that engage a drive screw (not shown). screw spindle 45.
Funkce vzduchového regulačního ventilu je tato: Hnací . šroubové vřeteno 45 se otáčí, což působí otáčení šneku a zubů 44, čímž se otáčí i otáčivá deska .na čepu 42. Když kulička 35 není . ve styku s žádným z dříků 21, 32, jsou talířové ventily 18, . 30 v uzavřené poloze, v kterémžto případě neprochází vzduch od přívodu 12, ani· nevychází z vývodu 13, nebo k němu.The function of the air control valve is as follows: Driving. the screw spindle 45 rotates, causing the screw and teeth 44 to rotate, thereby rotating the rotating plate on the pin 42. When the ball 35 is not. in contact with any of the stems 21, 32, the poppet valves 18, 32 are provided. 30 in the closed position, in which case the air does not pass from the inlet 12 or from the outlet 13 or towards it.
Když . se kruhová otáčivá deska 34 otáčí, kulička 35 . se pohybuje tak, že prochází mezi pevnou deskou 36 a ventilovým dříkem 21 a zvedne jej proti síle tlačné pružiny 23, protože vzdálenost mezi dříkem 21 a deskou 36 je menší, než průměr kuličky 35. Ačkoliv dolní povrch ventilového dříku 21 klouže .po. povrchu kuličky . 35, nebo. alternativně, plocha pevné desky 36 klouže po povrchu kuličky 35, pak při každém dotyku .kuličky 35 s dříkem 21 dotýká se dříku 21 jiná část povrchu kuličky 35, takže opotřebení se rozděluje po celém povrchu kuličky 35. To je v protikladu s používáním normální vačky, kde se ventilového. dříku dotýká vždy stejná část povrchu vačky, která se proto rychle opotřebuje.When. the rotary plate 34 rotates, the ball 35. it moves so that it passes between the fixed plate 36 and the valve stem 21 and lifts it against the force of the compression spring 23 because the distance between the stem 21 and the plate 36 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 35. Although the lower surface of the valve stem 21 slides. surface of the ball. 35, or. alternatively, the surface of the rigid plate 36 slides over the surface of the ball 35, then each time the ball 35 contacts the shaft 21, another portion of the surface 35 of the ball 35 contacts the shaft 21 so that wear is distributed over the entire surface of the ball 35. This where to valve. the same part of the cam surface always touches the shaft, which is therefore subject to rapid wear.
Když je první talířový ventil 18 otevřen, může vzduch procházet od přívodu 12 přes vrtání 16, 17 za .první talířový ventil 18 prvním· sedlem 19 do. kanálu 31 k druhému souosému vrtání 28, druhému vrtání 27 a pak ven vývodem 13, například k podvozkové mazací jednotce.When the first poppet valve 18 is opened, air may pass from the inlet 12 through the bore 16, 17 beyond the first poppet valve 18 through the first seat 19 into the. channel 31 to the second coaxial bore 28, the second bore 27 and then out through the outlet 13, for example to the bogie lubrication unit.
Když se otáčivá kruhová deska 34 dále otáčí, kulička 35 vyjde ze styku s prvním dříkem 21, .a tak se první talířový ventil 18 uzavře. Je vidět, že k podvozkové mazací jednotce byl připuštěn vzduchový impuls. Otáčivá kruhová deska 34 se otáčí .dále a kulička 35 prochází mezi pevnou deskou 36 a druhým dříkem 32, otevře druhý talířový . ventil 30 zvednutím druhého dříku 32 a posunutím druhého talířového. ventilu' 30 proti účinku druhé tlačné pružiny 33. 0tevření druhého. talířového ventilu 30 umožní, aby vzduch proudil z podvozkové mazací jednotky přes druhé vrtání 27 dru6 hé souosé vrtání 28, druhé sedlo. 29 do výfuku 14.When the rotating circular plate 34 continues to rotate, the ball 35 comes out of contact with the first stem 21, and thus the first poppet valve 18 is closed. It can be seen that an air pulse has been allowed to the undercarriage lubrication unit. The rotatable circular plate 34 rotates further and the ball 35 extends between the fixed plate 36 and the second shaft 32, opening the second plate. valve 30 by lifting the second stem 32 and sliding the second disc. valve 30 against the action of the second compression spring 33. Opening of the second. The valve 30 allows air to flow from the bogie lubrication unit through the second bore 27 of the second coaxial bore 28, the second seat. 29 to the exhaust 14.
Otáčivá kruhová deska 34 se otáčí dále tak, že talířové ventily 18, 30 budou střídavě otevírány na krátkou dobu a vytvoří se spojení od přívodu 12 k vývodu 13 a střídavě od vývodu 13 do výfuku 14.The rotatable circular plate 34 is further rotated such that the poppet valves 18, 30 are alternately opened for a short period of time and a connection is made from the inlet 12 to the outlet 13 and alternately from the outlet 13 to the exhaust 14.
Výhody tohoto. uspořádání byly uvedeny výše, například snížení opotřebení valivých povrchů, poněvadž kulička .35 se stýká . s ventilovými dříky 21, 32 vždy jinou částí povrchu. Další výhodou je, že když se na pevné desce nachází malé množství maziva, toto mazivo se povrchem kuličky 35 nadzdvihuje při jejím otáčení a ukládá se na dřících 21, 32, čímž . jsou dříky 21, 32 mazány při jejích pohybu ve ventilových vedeních 38, 39. Druhý dřík 32 je vytvořen například z mosazi, která je odolná proti opotřebení při nedostatečném· mazání a kulička 35 má známou, spolehlivou povrchové úpravu a povrch velmi tvrdý, který se stykem s dříkem neopotřebovává, a který ani neabso-rbuje drť z opotřebení dříku, což by urychlovalo. celkové opotřebení. Takto však je opotřebení malé.The advantages of this. The arrangements have been mentioned above, for example, to reduce the wear of the rolling surfaces, since the ball 35 contacts. with valve stems 21, 32 each having a different surface area. A further advantage is that when a small amount of lubricant is present on the rigid plate, the lubricant is lifted by the surface of the ball 35 as it rotates and is deposited on the stems 21, 32, thereby. the shafts 21, 32 are lubricated as they move in the valve guides 38, 39. The second stem 32 is formed, for example, from brass that is resistant to wear under inadequate lubrication and the ball 35 has a known, reliable surface finish and a very hard surface. by contact with the shaft it does not wear out and which does not absorb the pulp from the shaft wear, which would accelerate. total wear. In this way, however, wear is low.
Vzduchový regulační ventil podle obr. 2 je ve většině . ohledů podobný regulačnímu vzduchovému ventilu podle obr. 1. Nicméně v tomto. .případě čep 42 je uložen pouze v pevné desce 36 a otáčivá deska 34 místo, aby byla v odstupu od pevné desky 36, nyní na ní spočívá. Tření je zmenšené použitím vhodných materiálů a mazivem v komoře .37.The air control valve of Fig. 2 is in most. similar to the control air valve of FIG. 1. In the case of the pin 42, it is housed only in the fixed plate 36 and the pivot plate 34, instead of being spaced from the fixed plate 36, now rests thereon. The friction is reduced by using suitable materials and lubricant in the chamber .37.
Jino-u změnou Je, že kulička 35 je z .ocele.Another change is that the ball 35 is of steel.
Vynález není omezen na podrobnosti předcházejících příkladů. U jiných aplikací, například může kulička 35 uvádět v činnost pouze jeden ventil nebo alespoň dva ventily za páčku .otáčivé kruhové desky 34. I způsob pohonu otáčivé kruhové desky 34 může být různý, přičemž například otáčivá kruhová deska 34 se pohání přímo, .otáčejícím se hřídelem. U mnoha aplikací nebude potřebné vzájemně spojit talířové ventily . 18, 30 způsobem, znázorněným v tomto příkladu, ale ventily mohou pracovat úplně nezávisle při otevírání a zavírání přidružených vstupních a výstupních otvorů.The invention is not limited to the details of the preceding examples. In other applications, for example, the ball 35 may actuate only one valve or at least two valves per lever of the rotatable circular plate 34. The method of driving the rotatable circular plate 34 may also be different, for example the rotatable circular plate 34 is driven directly by the rotating rotary plate. shaft. In many applications, it will not be necessary to connect the poppet valves to each other. 18, 30 in the manner shown in this example, but the valves can operate completely independently in opening and closing the associated inlet and outlet openings.
Ventily není nutno uvádět v činnost kuličkou působící přímo na dříky, ale lze použít zvláštní zvedákový prvek. I otáčivá deska 34 nemusí být zcela plochá, . ale může mít tvar klece, je přitom pouze nutné, aby měla prvky pro. uchycení kuličky 35 a pro její otáčení kolem osy vzdálené od kuličky 35.The valves do not need to be actuated by a ball acting directly on the stems, but a separate jack element may be used. Even the rotating plate 34 need not be completely flat. but it may have the shape of a cage, it only needs to have elements for it. gripping the ball 35 and rotating it about an axis remote from the ball 35.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB1530071 | 1971-05-17 |
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CS209838B2 true CS209838B2 (en) | 1981-12-31 |
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ID=10056633
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CS723366A CS209838B2 (en) | 1971-05-17 | 1972-05-17 | Valve |
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US (1) | US3814128A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS549329B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA957240A (en) |
CS (1) | CS209838B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2223687C2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2137920B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1337173A (en) |
IT (1) | IT957871B (en) |
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FR1257466A (en) * | 1959-05-26 | 1961-03-31 | Bahco Ab | Gear shift valve |
US3278155A (en) * | 1962-01-24 | 1966-10-11 | Werner F Jehn | High thrust valve actuator |
GB1063667A (en) * | 1964-12-18 | 1967-03-30 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Fluid control valve |
GB1205960A (en) * | 1967-10-27 | 1970-09-23 | Wild A G & Co Ltd | Improvements in valves |
-
1971
- 1971-05-17 GB GB1530071*[A patent/GB1337173A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-05-15 US US00253553A patent/US3814128A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-05-15 IT IT50257/72A patent/IT957871B/en active
- 1972-05-16 CA CA142,291A patent/CA957240A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-16 SE SE7206367A patent/SE382105B/en unknown
- 1972-05-16 NL NL7206576.A patent/NL167019C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-05-16 FR FR727217390A patent/FR2137920B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-05-16 DE DE2223687A patent/DE2223687C2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-17 JP JP4903772A patent/JPS549329B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-05-17 CS CS723366A patent/CS209838B2/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS549329B2 (en) | 1979-04-24 |
FR2137920A1 (en) | 1972-12-29 |
AU4222872A (en) | 1973-11-15 |
SE382105B (en) | 1976-01-12 |
IT957871B (en) | 1973-10-20 |
US3814128A (en) | 1974-06-04 |
DE2223687C2 (en) | 1981-12-24 |
GB1337173A (en) | 1973-11-14 |
NL167019C (en) | 1981-10-15 |
CA957240A (en) | 1974-11-05 |
JPS4917520A (en) | 1974-02-16 |
DE2223687A1 (en) | 1972-11-30 |
NL7206576A (en) | 1972-11-21 |
FR2137920B1 (en) | 1973-07-13 |
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