CN87207964U - Earch-motion instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an earth-motion instrument, which is a teaching aid used for geography teaching. The utility model is characterized in that a night hemisphere cover (1), a sunlight panel, and a ring type bottom liner of the ecliptic plane (4) are arranged on the surface of the sphere of the existing terrestrial globe; through organic rotation, the features of the earth movements and the geographical phenomena caused by the earth movements can be all displayed by the earth-motion instrument, and the utility model can help students learn geographical knowledge better.

Description

Earch-motion instrument

The utility model relates to a kind of movable terrestrial globe of the usefulness of imparting knowledge to students.

That uses in geographical teaching at present has a three-globe instrument, loxocosm etc., these instruments not from the earth visual understanding go out to send ball cosmos motion phenomenon epistemically, but it is just possible from position, cosmic space understanding, for most people, be impossible, therefore be a kind of pure introduction, these instruments of while, function is also relatively more dull, for the characteristics that solve earth movements and the various earth phenomenons of generation thereof, seem unable to do what one wishes, for example the sidereal day, the difference on solar day, the time difference and time convert, ground is power partially, the concrete analysis of length round the clock, the variation of altitude of the sun, change in year etc., more can not show or show indeterminate, structure is more complicated also, the cost height, be difficult for penetration and promotion, volume is also bigger, is not easy to carry, and is not easy to classroom instruction and uses.

Task of the present utility model designs a kind of movable terrestrial globe exactly, makes the people solve the problem of relevant earth movements in the geographical teaching with the means of visual pattern, breaks through difficult point to help the student, gives top priority to what is the most important, and better learns geographical knowledge well.

The utility model is that the spherome surface at a common terrestrial globe is provided with ball cover at midnight (1), sunlight board, ecliptic plane, annular end liner (4) and tripod parts such as (7), by organic rotation, can show the characteristics of earth movements and the geographical phenomenon of generation thereof intuitively.

Ball cover at midnight (1) is contained in the surface of globe sphere, and its diameter is greater than sphere diameter 4-5cm, and adopts band look transparent plastic pattern to be pressed into hemispherical Shell, and the great circle of ball cover is the circle in morning and evening; Sunlight board is to make with transparent plastic sheet (or poly (methyl methacrylate) plate), be carved with parallel sunlight arrow line (illustrating) on the plate and be divided into horizontal male tabula rasa (6) and (5) two of vertical sunlight board with redness, mark has 90 ° of scales in the middle of the horizontal male tabula rasa (6), a left side, annotate 90 °～0 ° scale right each quarter, horizontal male tabula rasa (6) overlaps fixing with inner ring ecliptic (2), vertical sunlight board (5) is 90 ° with bottom line (with horizontal male tabula rasa center line orthogonal place), upwards mark 90 °～0 ° scale, and indicate a direction arrow, with demonstration horizontal mobile object deflection (power) partially; Ecliptic plane divides inner ring ecliptic (2) and outer ring ecliptic (3), be marked with 24 o'clock scales (is a hour every 15 °) at inner ring ecliptic (2) subscript, to show the solar time, per hour divide quarter again, be respectively 15 ', 30 ', 40 ', outer ring ecliptic (3) is gone up to carve every 15 ° of (yellow footpath) five equilibriums and is marked with 24 solar term marks and time thereof, moon, day marks, as (March in the Spring Equinox ²⁰ ₂₁Day), (May in the Beginning of summer ⁵ ₆Day) etc., and be carved with the both direction arrow, a left side → the right side, expression earth movements directions (west → east), outer ring ecliptic (3) and annular end liner (4) are pasted together, and support inner ring ecliptic (2), it can be rotated, annular end liner (4) is fixing with the tripod upper end again, and the tripod lower end is fixed on the base of movable terrestrial globe, with stablizing of support and maintenance ecliptic plane.Equator angle during installation on ecliptic plane and the globe sphere is 23.5 °, 24 o'clock (0 o'clock) on the inner ring ecliptic (2) are over against ball cover center at midnight, enclosed over against morning and evening in 6 o'clock, 18 o'clock, 12 o'clock and 90 ° of lines coincidences of horizontal male tabula rasa (expression direct sunlight line), and when inner ring ecliptic (2) rotates, make 90 ° of sunlight lines (direct projection), when the Summer Solstice, direct at the tropic of Cancer, (at 90 ° of sunlight line arrow places, the little red light of available optically focused is represented, battery is installed in base, thereby is more clearly shown subsolar point).

The movable terrestrial globe of manufacturing according to above-mentioned utility model has following function:

When earth rotation, direction goes up the direction spinning globe of mark by outer ring ecliptic (3), revolutions direction explanatorily is eastwards rotation from the west, (Northern Hemisphere is counterclockwise, the Southern Hemisphere is clockwise), cycle---solar day, sidereal day is represented the sun with the sunlight direct rays, outer ring ecliptic point (showing a certain fixed star of sky), as object of reference, aim at a certain warp on the terrestrial globe, one week of spinning globe, this warp overlaps with outer ring ecliptic point for the second time, be the earth rotation true cycle sidereal day, rotary inner ring ecliptic (2) is gone up about 1 ° of sunlight board (showing around the day revolution), and spinning globe, the sunlight direct rays are penetrated for the second time on same warp, went through 24 hours, and showed a solar day, prove that solar day is longer than the sidereal day.Day alternates with night: spinning globe can find out and enclose relative motion morning and evening, shows that various places on the earth are in the position and the variation thereof of hemisphere in daytime (night).Mistiming: spinning globe, sunlight direct rays indication warp is 12 o'clock high noons, the time at other each warp places, can confirm by the mark of the moment on the inner ring ecliptic (2), thereby calculate the mistiming, and every one hour 15 ° of longitude time difference, the place's asynchronism(-nization) of different warps.Geostrophic deviating force: inner ring ecliptic (2) is rotated to position in the Summer Solstice (the sunlight direct rays overlapped with the summer solstice) sunlight vertical panel (5) upward arrow direction just in time overlap with a certain warp, move horizontally from north orientation south along this warp in case an object, slightly change terrestrial globe, movement direction of object departs from original warp as can be seen, explanatorily the effect of power partially makes the deflection of horizontal mobile object direction.

When the earth revolved round the sun: the direction of revolution was by direction rotation inner ring ecliptic (2) on the ecliptic plate, shows that the revolution of earth direction is eastwards.Cycle: the sunlight direct rays were overlapped with the first point of Aries, to rotation inner ring ecliptic (2), go through solar term such as the Summer Solstice, the Autumnal Equinox, Winter Solstice by east, the sunlight direct rays are got back to the Spring Equinox again, are one-period (tropic year) like this.Ecliptic obliquity: rotation inner ring ecliptic (2) and terrestrial globe, the earth's axis and ecliptic oblique, and the generation ecliptic obliquity, when rotation inner ring ecliptic (2), (showing revolution), and rotate the globe (being time rotational), the direction in space that the earth's axis tilts is constant, because ecliptic is crossing, during revolution, move in sun proper morphism point generation north and south, the tropic: rotation inner ring ecliptic (2), the most northern (south) boundary line that move in subsolar point north and south is the tropic.Polar circle: rotation inner ring ecliptic (2), note circle and the variation of parallel position relation in morning and evening, when morning and evening, circle and a certain parallel were tangent, demonstrate tellurian polar day, polar night phenomenon, this parallel is a polar circle.Five bands: between the polar circle and the tropic, sunlight is oblique fire all the year round, no polar day, polar night phenomenon, i.e. temperate zone, between the tropic, twice direct projection of sunlight is the torrid zone, it is the frigid zone that polar day phenomenon at polar night is arranged in the polar circle.The variation of altitude of the sun is: the variation within a day, from the relative position of horizontal male tabula rasa sunlight line and terrestrial globe as can be seen, 12 constantly, the altitude of the sun maximum, wherein point of vertical reaches 90 °, from 12 o'clock place warps eastwards, western both sides reduce gradually, be 0 ° morning and evening on the circle, is the sunrise sunset place; In 1 year, the variation of solar noon sun height, it is rotation inner ring ecliptic (2) that latitude changes, make the sunlight direct rays to position in the Spring Equinox (Autumnal Equinox), from vertical sunlight board (5) Shangyang light as can be seen, at this moment, direct projection is 90 ° on the equator, both sides to the south from the equator, northern, altitude of the sun decrescence, during the Summer Solstice (Winter Solstice), the tropic of Cancer (tropic of Capricorn) is located, altitude of the sun is 90 ° to the maximum, and to north and south two sides, altitude of the sun decrescence from north (south) tropic.Seasonal variations: rotation inner ring ecliptic (2), make the sunlight direct rays to the Summer Solstice (Winter Solstice), see on the terrestrial globe north (south) to the north of the tropic (south) various places altitude of the sun reach maximum (minimum), be the Summer Solstice (Winter Solstice), and during the Spring Equinox (Autumnal Equinox), it is season in autumn (spring) with the latitude correspondent equal that maximum southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere altitude of the sun is located in the equator.

The variation of length and time round the clock: rotation inner ring (2) one weeks of ecliptic (promptly in a tropic year) is from different seasons (note especially two minutes two to), the position that the variation of altitude of the sun and morning and evening enclose, can find out that morning and evening, circle was cut into day arc night arc two parts to parallel, can demonstrate out length Changing Pattern round the clock, (comprise polar day (night) generation time, range), and by the time-labeling on the inner ring ecliptic (2), in conjunction with morning and evening circle measure the time that the length round the clock at arbitrary latitude place changes.

The generation in the four seasons and variation: rotation inner ring (2) one weeks (tropic year) of ecliptic, gradually analyze the solar noon sun height change and reach length variations round the clock, can show that southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere on the earth obtains what Changing Pattern of solar heat, thereby show that the four seasons produce and variation, and can find out obviously that four seasons variation mainly shows mid latitudes.

The phenomenon that southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere is opposite: altitude of the sun changes, and length variation round the clock, the four seasons change, and from rotation inner ring (2) one weeks of ecliptic (revolving round the sun a tropic year), finds out that southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere just in time is opposite.

Use the effect that movable terrestrial globe obtained: break through the difficult point in the geographical teaching easily, emphasis, earth movements are earth motions in the cosmic space, because the geographic significance of earth movements and generation thereof, geographical environment is had basic influence, and therefore, this content is the emphasis in the physical geography teaching, earth movements are a kind of chronometer phenomenons, and the student needs the notion in cosmic space and better understands.Therefore, be again indigestible in principle, but the geographical phenomenon that it produces is often to run in the daily life, so whether not familiar again, teaching material itself is to make the student to grasp principle, from understanding the geographical phenomenon of its generation in fact, so content of earth movements, be again a teaching difficulty, " movable terrestrial globe " according to day ground relative motion principle, uses the simple and direct means just, visual recognition directly perceived based on people on the earth, the motion of demonstration geospace, and give the student with vivid intuition, distinct its principle, teaching difficulty and emphasis have so just been broken through, under at teaching-guiding, allow student's experimental demonstration personally, it is better then to know from experience darker effect.

Multi-functional: as to demonstrate the characteristics of earth movements and the multiple geographical phenomenon of generation thereof.When earth rotation, the geographic significance of the direction of rotation and cycle and reflection rotation, promptly day alternates with night, mistiming, geostrophic deviating force, when geography revolves round the sun, the direction of revolution, cycle, Huang, the red angle of cut and revolution meaning, promptly move the variation of the tropic that produces, polar circle, altitude of the sun, the variation and the time of length round the clock, the variation in the four seasons, the phenomenon that southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere is opposite etc. because of subsolar point north and south.

Stable performance: good reproducibility, can demonstrate repeatedly a certain problem, till achieving the goal.

Can set up the geographical teaching experiment class, geography class always, just teacher says that the student listens, or teacher draws the student and sees, though experiment content is a lot, the condition that but is limited to is difficult to carry out, for example, and the physical geography content that principles such as earth movements are very strong, the student tests then effect personally and makes a world of difference, the invention of movable terrestrial globe and universal provides instrument condition and experiment possibility for setting up geographical teaching experiment, helps promoting the reform in education.

Profile simply has aesthetic feeling, can be used as in the social family, the important tool and the family adornment of teenager's Popular Science Education.

Description of drawings:

1---midnight, ball cover 2---inner ring ecliptic

The annular end liner of 3---outer ring ecliptics 4---

5---vertical sunlight board 6---horizontal male tabula rasa

7---tripod

Embodiment of the present utility model is the face cap ball cover at a midnight (1) at a common geographical instrument spheroid, the diameter of ball cover at midnight (1) is than the big 4-5cm of globe sphere diameter, the great circle of ball cover at midnight (1) is the circle in morning and evening, carve on the sunlight board and annotate the sunlight line, also be carved with an arrow on the vertical sunlight board (5), vertical sunlight board is vertically fixed on the center line of horizontal male tabula rasa (6), ecliptic plane divides inner ring ecliptic (2) and outer ring ecliptic (3) inner ring ecliptic to carve notes at 24 o'clock, outer ring ecliptic (3) is carved and is annotated 24 joints, and the both direction arrow is arranged is that a left side → right side and earth movements direction are from west → east.

23.5 ° of ecliptic plane and terrestrial equator angles, ball cover at midnight (1) and horizontal male tabula rasa (6) all are fixed on the inner ring ecliptic (2), and make on the inner ring ecliptic 6 o'clock and aimed in 18 o'clock and enclose the ball cover center at midnight of aiming at morning and evening at 0 o'clock, outer ring ecliptic (3) is fixed on the annular end liner (4) and supports inner ring ecliptic (2) it can be rotated, and annular end liner (4) is fixed on the base of terrestrial globe with tripod (7).

Claims (4)

1, a kind of movable terrestrial globe, it is characterized in that at existing globe surface, be provided with ball cover at midnight (1), ecliptic plane and sunlight board, in ecliptic plane divides, outer two circles, inner ring ecliptic (2) is gone up 24 o'clock scales of mark, outer ring ecliptic (3) mark 24 solar term and month day, and indicate the direction of motion arrow, sunlight board is divided horizontal male tabula rasa (6) and vertical sunlight board (5), upward be marked with sunlight arrow line, ball cover at midnight (1) quarter at horizontal male tabula rasa (6), horizontal male tabula rasa (6) and inner ring ecliptic (2) are fixed together, and vertical sunlight board (5) is installed on the horizontal male tabula rasa (6), and certain rotation amplitude arranged, outer ring ecliptic (3) is fixed on the end liner (4), and end liner (4) is supporting inner ring ecliptic (2) again, and end liner (4) is fixed on the base of terrestrial globe with tripod (7) again.

2, movable terrestrial globe according to claim 1 is characterized in that the ball cover at midnight (1) on globe sphere surface, and its diameter is greater than terrestrial globe diameter 4-5cm, and adopts band look transparent plastic to be molded into hemispherical Shell, and the great circle of ball cover is the circle in morning and evening.

3, movable terrestrial globe according to claim 1 is characterized in that the angle in equator on ecliptic plane and the globe sphere is 23.5 °, in ecliptic plane divides, outer two circles, inner ring ecliptic (2) is fixed together with ball cover at midnight (1) and horizontal male tabula rasa (6), can rotate with inner ring ecliptic (2), inner ring ecliptic (2) mark 24 o'clock, every 15 ° is one hour, per hour divide quarter again, be respectively 15 ', 30 ', 45 ', outer ring ecliptic (3) mark 24 solar term, and the mark moon, two of the direction arrows on day and (left side → right side) show the earth movements direction from west to east.

4, movable terrestrial globe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that sunlight board is to make with transparent plastic sheet (or poly (methyl methacrylate) plate), carve on the plate and annotate parallel sunlight arrow line (illustrating) with redness, horizontal male tabula rasa (6) is 90 ° with medium line, annotate 90 °-0 ° left and right each quarter, vertical sunlight board (5) is 90 ° with bottom line (with the bonding orthogonal of horizontal male tabula rasa center line place), upwards carves and annotates 90 °-0 °.