CN87102228A - 新型静态破碎剂 - Google Patents

新型静态破碎剂 Download PDF

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CN87102228A
CN87102228A CN87102228.1A CN87102228A CN87102228A CN 87102228 A CN87102228 A CN 87102228A CN 87102228 A CN87102228 A CN 87102228A CN 87102228 A CN87102228 A CN 87102228A
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许宁
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NO 2 ENGINEERING BUREAU RAILWAY MINISTRY
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Abstract

一种用于破碎岩石、混凝土、钢筋混凝土结构的静态破碎剂，它由经过一定高温煅烧，保温一定时间的石灰，与凝结硬化剂，催固增强剂作为主剂，外加延缓剂，低温外加剂配制而成。上述原料的重量配合比依次为：50-95％；2.25-22.5％；2.75-27.5％；0.1-4％；0.5-2％；掺水重量比30-40％。
这种新型静态破碎剂具有开裂时间短，膨胀力强、安全、适应各种气候条件，可适当调节破坏物开裂时间、成本低等特点。

Description

本发明涉及一种静态破碎剂，用于破碎岩石、混凝土和钢筋混凝土结构。
公知的静态破碎剂，如日本专利申请特开昭55-142894，其组成的主要成份硅酸三钙3Cao·Sio2晶粒占24-26%（重量），Cao晶粒占30-60%（重量）和石膏CaSo45-17%（重量）上述晶粒，是用一定量的石灰质原料、硅酸质原料和石膏按一定的重量比，经过破碎磨细、混合造粒后，在1350℃-1550℃温度下锻烧、磨细、得出的硅酸三钙3Cao·Sio2中含有50%以上Cao晶粒的烧结块粉末，这种破碎剂虽然有一定的膨胀力，但破坏物开裂速度缓慢，一般约需数小时乃至数日，才能发挥出最大膨胀力的作用，其适用温度范围为：-5℃-35℃，由于在工厂定型生产，在使用上受到一定的限制。美国专利US4，565，579石灰荧石破碎剂的开裂时间也需9-48小时，总之当前市场上见到的静态破碎剂还存在着下述问题，即（1）开裂时间长，（2）不适宜严寒和高温气候条件，（3）工厂化生产需要复杂的机具设备、工艺流程、检测手段，（4）不能在使用中根据环境温度适当调节破坏物开裂时间。
本发明的目的是提供一种新型静态破碎剂，它的开裂时间短，膨胀力强，各种原料能在常温下拌合，不需大型工厂化生产，成本低，按照表所列参考配合比，在气温为-22℃-44℃地区均能将物体破坏。
发明是这样实现的，采用经过1400℃-1600℃高温锻烧，保温在60小时以上的过烧石灰，凝结硬化剂，催固增强剂混合物为主剂，外加延缓剂，低温外加剂配制而成的静态破碎剂，过烧石灰晶体粒度尺寸平均为35μ，其中＜30μ者约占25%，＞40μ者约占20%，在30-40μ间者约占55%，磨细后通过0.08m/m筛孔，筛余量≯8%的灰白色粉末。其中的水泥凝结硬化剂可以用425＃以上的波特兰水泥（CM），矿渣硅酸盐水泥（SCM），白水泥（WCM），油井水泥（OW），矾土水泥（VM），其中的催固增强剂可以用硫铝酸盐早强水泥（Casw）和SHES即3Cao·Al2O3、Cao·Al2O3、12Cao·7Al2O3、Cao6Al2O3等的Cao和Al2O3的烧成物和石膏混合物，延缓剂有单一型或复合型两种，单一型有uNF2、NF、FDN、NNO，木质磺酸钙（MG）等减水剂;白糖（SG）、柠檬酸（LMA），葡萄糖酸钠（gLS），***（FM）;复合型延缓剂用LMA+uNF2、LMA+uNF2+NAC、LMA+KCO、uNF2+NAC、FDN+KCO+gLS+LMA、FM+SG、uNF2+FM、SG+uNF2。低温外加剂采用氯化钙（CLC），氯化钠（CLN），汽车防冻液（AFS），混凝土防冻剂（AFA）等材料。静态破碎剂的配合比，过烧石灰占主剂的50-95%（重量比），水泥凝结硬化剂占主剂的2.25-22.5%（重量比），催固增强剂占主剂的2.75-27.5%（重量比），延缓剂占主剂的0.1-4%（重量比），低温外加剂占主剂的0.5-2%，掺水重量比30-40%。
现进一步叙述本发明的技术细节和组成要素：
过烧石灰的生产工艺有两种途径，第一，将石灰石（碳酸钙含量不低于90%）用1400°-1600℃高温锻烧，经保温60小时以上后，得到的晶体粒度尺寸平均为35μ，其中小于30μ者约占25%，大于40μ者约占20%，在30-40μ之间约占55%，磨细后通过0.08m/m筛孔，筛余量≯8%的灰白色粉末，第二种途径是直接从生产石灰窑中拣取过烧石灰磨细。当石灰锻烧温度在1200-1400℃时，且持续一定时间后，氧化钙的晶体发生重结晶，晶体颗粒开始逐渐增大，颗粒间空隙逐步减少，氧化钙的结构变得紧密，其密度增大，活性大大降低，消化时间延长，即意味着水分子向石灰颗粒内部的渗透速度和水化过程的延缓，这种过烧石灰作为膨胀源，其膨胀力可以达到300-500kg/cm2。
过烧石灰的质量检验方法，取100克过烧石灰粉在300毫升的塑料烧杯内与水混合，掺水重量比40%，当温度上升至100℃所需时间不小于4分钟，膨胀量大于150%时方属合格，允许在静态破碎剂中使用。
凝结硬化剂用于控制药剂向上膨胀及提供破碎强度并调节催固增强剂的凝固时间，催固增强剂与凝结硬化剂按一定比例关系配合使用，可以缩短药剂固化时间并增大其强度，按照固定比例关系配制的水泥凝结硬化剂和硫铝酸盐早强水泥或SHES催固增强剂再与过烧石灰磨细粉末及延缓剂混合，所配制的药剂再加入一定的用水量后，最快能在几分钟内硬化，使岩石和混凝土、钢筋混凝土缓慢破坏。
延缓剂用于延迟药剂的水化反应速度，如减水剂可增加浆液单位体积的药剂含量、流动度及和易性。延缓剂有单一型或复合型两种，后者延缓性能比较好。
低温外加剂用于降低浆液冰点，增大发热量，加快水化反应速度。
本发明列举了不同环境温度混凝土开裂时间的参考配合比及破坏时间短的新配合比设计，见表1
表1：静态破碎剂配合比及开裂时间表
Figure 87102228_IMG1
Figure 87102228_IMG2
ω/C-掺水重量比＝水的重量/药剂重量
CR-瓷杯试验
RCP-钢筋混凝土构件试验
GR-花岗岩试验
备注栏中没有说明者，系混凝土块试验。
按表1选择参考配合比时，可按作业地点的环境温度查找开裂时间最短的配合比，若根据需要需延长开裂时间可以适当调整延缓剂的比例，以及减少过烧石灰的比例。
现结合实施例叙述本发明的使用细节。
实例1：衡广线大庙峡简易公路路堑施工，需***27米长石方约500m3，为了避免***影响中央、地方、铁路三条通讯干线和正下方高差25米处的通车隧道，采用静态***技术施工，该处上午10点后气温达44℃以上采用的配合比如表2
大庙峡路堑施工配合比    表2
Figure 87102228_IMG3
全段石方钻炮孔2893个，孔距0.25-0.4米，孔深0.5-1.2米。
实例2：拆除大庆地区钢筋混凝土框架梁，该梁基础长39米，宽8米，高6米，钢筋混凝土梁的断面为1×1.2，1×1.6m2两种，柱的断面为1×1.0m2，施工时室外温度-27℃室内-5℃～-9℃采用的配方如下：
Figure 87102228_IMG4
框架梁基础钻炮孔4728个，孔距0.2米，孔深1米，梁、柱开裂时间一般为5-10小时。
实例3，欲破坏一钢筋混凝土框架梁，作业温度14℃，求破坏时间最短的参考配比。
从表1查得12-15℃栏内最短开裂时间56分钟的参考配比为：
Figure 87102228_IMG5
药剂配制有两种方法，第一种：将药剂与外加剂先行混合后，使用时才加水。第二种：将外加剂先溶于水中，使用时再与药剂混合，在此温度条件下，钢筋混凝土框架的最快破碎时间为1h09′。

Claims (8)

1、一种由过烧石灰和其他外加剂配制成的，用于破碎岩石、混凝土和钢筋混凝土结构的静态破碎剂，其特征在于：采用经过1400℃-1600℃高温锻烧，保温60小时以上的过烧石灰，凝结硬化剂，催固增强剂混合物作为主剂，外加延缓剂，低温外加剂配制而成。
2、按权利要求1的静态破碎剂，其特征是：过烧石灰的晶体粒度尺寸平均为35μ，其中＜30μ者约占25%，＞40μ者约占20%，在30-40μ之间约占55%，磨细后通过0.08m/m筛孔，筛余量≯8%的灰白色粉末。
3、按权利要求1的静态破碎剂，其特征是：凝结硬化剂所用的材料可以是425＃以上的波特兰水泥（CM），矿渣硅酸盐水泥（SCM），白水泥（WCM），油井水泥（OW），矾土水泥（VM）。
4、按权利要求1的静态破碎剂，其特征是：催固增强剂所用的材料可以是硫铝酸盐早强水泥（Casw），或SHES，即3Cao·Al2O3·Cao·Al2o3·12Cao·7Al2o3，Cao6Al2o3等的Cao和Al2O3的烧成物和石膏的混合物。
5、按权利要求1的静态破碎剂，其特征是：延缓剂可以用单一型uNF2、NF、FDN、NNO及木质磺酸钙（MG）等减水剂;白糖（SG）、柠檬酸（LMA）、葡萄糖酸钠（GLS）、酒石酸（TATA）、碳酸钠（NAC）、碳酸钾（KCO）、***（FM）;复合型LMA+uNF2、LMA+uNF2+NAC、LMA+KCO、uNF2+NAC、FDN+KCO+GLS+LMA、FM+SG、uNF2+FM、SG+uNF2;
6、按权利要求1的静态破碎剂，其特征是：低温外加剂采用氯化钙（CLC）、氯化钠（CLN）、汽车防冻液（AFS），混凝土防冻剂（AFA）等材料。
7、按权利要求1的静态破碎剂，其特征是：过烧石灰占主剂的50-95%（重量比），凝结硬化剂占主剂的2.25-22.5%（重量比），催固增强剂占主剂的2.75-27.5%（重量比），延缓剂占主剂的0.1-4%（重量比），低温外加剂占主剂的0.5-2%（重量比），掺水重量比30-40%。
8、按权利要求1的静态破碎剂，其特征是：在现场配制时可以通过改变配比来适当调节破坏物开裂时间。
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