CN86106613A - 双层塑料管的挤压模 - Google Patents

双层塑料管的挤压模 Download PDF

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CN86106613A
CN86106613A CN86106613.8A CN86106613A CN86106613A CN 86106613 A CN86106613 A CN 86106613A CN 86106613 A CN86106613 A CN 86106613A CN 86106613 A CN86106613 A CN 86106613A
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曼弗里德·A·A·鲁普克
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/70Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
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    • B29L2031/601Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes

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Abstract

生产双层无缝塑料管设备上的挤压模包括挤压头、装有第一定中装置的第一喷嘴、装在上述喷嘴内的第一空心心轴、支承第二心轴和第二喷嘴以及分开挤压料的分配器的细长支架、轴向调整上述支架以改变第二挤压孔尺寸的螺纹调整件、连接支架和第一心轴并只许支架进行轴向移动而不许转动的连接件和将分配器等间隔环绕支套安装的第二定中装置。第一喷嘴和分配器与第二喷嘴和心轴分别确定相应成形管子外、内壁的第一和第二环形挤压孔。

Description

本发明涉及用于生产无缝塑料管,特别是生产具有光滑内壁和波纹状外壁的双壁塑料管设备上的挤压模。
已知的这种模具(如美国专利NO4,305,703和NO4,510,013中公开的模具)包括:一个带有第一喷嘴的挤压头、一个设置在上述喷嘴内的第一空心心轴、一个支承第二心轴和第二喷嘴的细长支架。上述心轴和喷嘴确定相应成形管子外、内层的环状挤压孔。
这些模具不能改变塑料管的壁厚和定中挤压孔。
双层管的另一种已知模具(西德专利文件NO2911833中公开的模具)包括:一个带有喷嘴和第一空心心轴的挤压头、一个设置在心轴内的细长分配器。分配器被成形为锥尖指向上游的锥形环,它将挤压料分开以生产双层无缝管,并同喷嘴和心轴一起确定相应成形塑料管外、内层的环形挤压孔。
这种模具和头两种模具具有同样的缺点。
最后,还有一种模具(美国专利NO2,957,201中公开的模具),它包括一个带有喷嘴的挤压头、喷嘴的定中装置、一个空心心轴、一个纵向调整心轴以改变挤压孔尺寸的螺纹件和一个分配器。该分配器将挤压料分开以生产双层无缝管,并同喷嘴和心轴一起确定相应成形塑料管外、内层的环形挤压孔。
这种模具可以控制内壁的厚度和定中挤压孔。但是它有如下缺点:外壁的厚度不能控制,而且在调整内壁厚度期间,压出的管层将会随同运动的心轴而被扭曲。
本发明的目的是克服已知模具的上述缺点。
采用装有下列部件的模具可以实现本发明的目的,该模具包括:
一个细长的支架,它设置在心轴内,并携带第二心轴和一个支套;该支套形成一个安置在支架上的内环和一个利用支套腿连接到内环上的外环,支套还有一个上游分配器和一个下游第二喷嘴;分配器被成形为锥尖指向上游的锥形环,并将挤压料分开以生产双层无缝塑料管;第一喷嘴和分配器与第二喷嘴和心轴分别确定内径尺寸递减的第一和第二环形挤压孔,挤压料连续地流过该挤压孔,相应地在喷嘴内沿心轴的周围形成双层塑料管的外层和内层;
一种如键、花键之类的连接元件,该连接元件将上述支架和第一心轴连接在一起,它只允许支架进行轴向运动而不能转动;
一个第二定中装置,它利用径向安装在上述分配器中的螺栓将上述分配器等间隔地环绕支套安装,螺栓与支套的侧面相互作用,从而可以相对于支套径向调整上述分配器;
此外,此种设计能方便地更换喷嘴和心轴,以便清洗和改变生产的塑料管的尺寸。
公正地讲,应当指出,与上述后一个美国专利所公开的模具相比,在使用本发明的模具时,控制塑料管的内壁要中断管子的生产。
通过下面详细的说明、附图及权利要求,对于一般熟悉本领域的技术人员来说将会更加清楚地理解和看出此处所述的本发明的真正价值、特点、目的和附带的优点。
图1是本发明的设备的剖视图,该设备用于生产具有光滑内壁和波纹状外壁的双壁热塑性塑料管;
图2是本发明模具的纵向剖视图;
图3是沿图2中Ⅲ-Ⅲ线的横向剖面图;
图4是沿图2中Ⅳ-Ⅳ线的纵向剖面图。
现在参考附图,本发明的生产双层无缝塑料管设备上的挤压模包括挤压头1、第一细长的喷嘴2、第一空心心轴3、两个定中装置、细长的空心支架5、螺纹调整元件6和连接件。
挤压头1有一个中心孔,中心孔带有一个与挤压机(未示出)流体相通并由此接受加压的热塑材料挤压料的侧面开口8。挤压头1装有加热器9和热传感器(未示出)。
喷嘴2在其受料端有一法兰10,用以把喷嘴夹紧在挤压头1上。利用沿法兰10的圆周配置的环形圈11和螺栓12可以实现这种夹紧。喷嘴2提供一条沿喷嘴纵向方向延伸的供料通道,用于将挤压料传送到成形双壁管管壁的两个挤压孔中。
心轴3置于上述中心孔中,它基本上与喷嘴2共轴,但和喷嘴2分开。在心轴的侧面上有弯曲槽13,它与开口8相切,从而给沿模具纵向延伸的塑料传送通道提供一段平缓的过渡区,以便将挤压料传送到挤压孔。心轴3的自由端有法兰14,此法兰14利用在心轴圆周上间隔设置的螺栓15被固定到挤压头1上。
第一定中装置使第一喷嘴2等间隔地环绕心轴3安装,它具有径向设置在挤压头1中的定中螺栓16。螺栓16与喷嘴2的法兰10的侧面发生相互作用,这样就可以相对于心轴3径向地调整喷嘴2。
支架5设置在第一心轴3内,它携带由键18连接到支架上的支套和装有第二心轴20的螺纹管19。支套形成置于支架5上的内环21和由双侧边均为径向的支套腿23连接到内环21上的外环22。支套腿上有通道24,用以把从压缩机(在吹塑工艺中)或大气中(在真空制造工艺中)来的空气通入已成形的外壁内侧的空间中。空气管设置在支架5内(未示出)。支套支承上游分配器25和罩筒26,下游第二喷嘴27拧在此罩筒26上。罩筒26由紧固件28固定到分配器25上。分配器25被成形为锥尖指向上游的锥形环,它将挤压料分开从而生产双层无缝塑料管。
第一喷嘴2和分配器25与第二喷嘴27和心轴20分别确定内径尺寸递减的第一和第二环形挤压孔29和30,挤压料连续地流过挤压孔29和31,分别在喷嘴2和27中沿分配器25和心轴20的圆周形成双层塑料管的外层31和内层32。
螺纹件6是一个螺母,它纵向调整支架5。当旋转在支架5的带螺纹的自由端上的螺母使支架轴向移动时,就能有效地改变第一挤压孔29的尺寸。利用螺母的法兰33和卡帽34可使螺母固定就位,而卡帽34由沿圆周设置的螺栓35固定在法兰14上。这种结构只允许螺母转动,不允许它产生轴向移动。
连接元件是键36,它连接支架5和第一心轴3,它只允许支架5移动而不允许它转动。
第二定中装置利用径向安置在分配器25中的螺栓37(在图2中螺栓37仅部分地显示在图面上)使分配器25等间隔地环绕支套安装。螺栓37与外环22的侧面相互作用,使得可以相对于支套径向调整分配器25。
如上所述本发明的具体实施例适用于生产波纹管,为此,其管状模槽由一系列向前运动的模块38形成,这种模块已在例如上述美国专利NO4,510,013中叙述。
为了在内部冷却已成形的塑料管,在模具的下游安装一个或多个冷却水管塞39。冷却水管塞39形成管道***,其中装有用于注入冷却液的旋管40。上述冷却液输送管安装在支架5内(未示出)。这种冷却方式已在上述美国专利NO4,510,013中作了详细的说明。
显然,熟悉本领域的技术人员能够根据不同的情况应用同样的结构,例如,可以在使用吹塑、真空塑造和它们的组合工艺时,利用同一的结构。另外,可以利用涡流冷却器和一种插塞(美国专利NO4,545,751),或通常的空气节流阀(如美国专利NO3,981,663中的节气门)代替冷却水管塞39来进行内部冷却。
在操作中,从挤压机排出的可膨胀的塑性材料挤压料连续地通过喷嘴2和心轴3之间的通道流到分配器25。分配器把塑料分开,形成从挤压孔29流出的构成外层31的外层流,和通过支套环绕其腿23从挤压孔30流出而形成内层32的内层流。
在吹塑工艺中,压缩空气通过通道24被引入到已成形的外层31的内部,使外层31在空气的压力下与管状模槽相贴合。
在真空塑造工艺中,模块38装有连接到真空泵的管道(未示出)。上述内部的压力可以是大气压,或者也可取自空气压缩源(在组合式工艺中)。
如果使用上述的节流阀(未示出),则供给的压缩空气被引入到内层32的内部。
虽然已经描述和指出了应用于最佳实施例时本发明的基本的新颖特征,但是应当理解,这种说明仅是例证性的和解释性的,而不是限制性的,本发明并不限制于图示的和叙述的具体细节。在不超出本发明的范围和不丧失其主要优点的前题下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可以作出各种更改、省略、替换和改造。显然,按照上面的提示,有可能对本发明作出许多修改和变动。因此应该理解,在所附权利要求范围内,除了在此具体描述的以外,本发明可以以其它的方式实施。

Claims (6)

1、一种生产双层无缝塑料管设备上的挤压模,它包括:
一个具有一个中心孔的挤压头,该中心孔带有一个接受加压热塑性材料挤压料的侧面开口,
一个第一细长喷嘴,它连接到上述挤压头上并提供一条沿其纵向方向延伸的用于将上述挤压料传送到出料端的供料通道,
一个第一空心心轴,它安置在上述中心孔中,基本上与上述喷嘴共轴,但和上述喷嘴分开,从而提供一条沿纵向方向延伸的用于将上述挤压料传送到出料端的塑料传送通道,
一个将上述第一喷嘴等间隔环绕第一心轴安装的第一定中装置,它具有径向安置在上述挤压头中的螺栓,该螺栓与喷嘴的侧面相互作用,使得可以相对于上述心轴径向调整喷嘴,
一个安置于第一心轴内的且装有第二心轴的细长支架,
一个位于下游的第二喷嘴,
一个形为锥尖指向上游的锥形环的并将挤压料分开而形成双层无缝管的上游分配器,第一喷嘴和分配器与第二喷嘴和心轴分别构成其内径尺寸递减的第一和第二环形挤压孔,挤压料连续流过这二个挤压孔,从而在喷嘴内沿心轴的周围分别形成上述双层管的外壁和内壁,
一个纵向调整上述支架的螺纹调整件,以便在纵向调整此支架时有效改变第二挤压孔的尺寸,
一个连接上述支架和第一心轴的并只允许支架进行轴向运动而不能转动的连接件,这种连接件可以是键、花键和类似的连接件。
2、一种生产双层无缝塑料管设备上的挤压模,它包括:
一个具有一个中心孔的挤压头,该中心孔带有一个接受加压热塑性材料挤压料的侧面开口,
一个第一细长喷嘴,它连接在上述挤压头上并提供一条沿其纵向方向延伸的用于将上述挤压料传送到出料端的供料通道,
一个第一空心心轴,它安置在上述中心孔中,基本上与上述喷嘴共轴,但与上述喷嘴分开,从而提供一条沿其纵向方向延伸的用于将上述挤压料传送到出料端的塑料传送通道,
一个将上述第一喷嘴等间隔环绕第一心轴安装的第一定中装置,它具有径向设置在上述挤压头中的螺栓,该螺栓与喷嘴侧面相互作用,使得可以相对于上述心轴径向调整喷嘴,
一个安置在第一心轴内的并装有第二心轴和一个支套的细长支架,支套形成安置在支架上的内环和由支套腿连接到内环上的外环,该支套具有上游分配器和一个位于下游的第二喷嘴,该分配器被成形为锥尖指向上游的锥形环,它将挤压料分开以生产双层无缝管,第一喷嘴和分配器与第二喷嘴和心轴分别构成内径尺寸递减的第一和第二环形挤压孔,挤压料连续地流过这二个挤压孔,并相应地在喷嘴内沿心轴的周围形成上述双层管的外层和内层。
3、根据权利要求2所述的模具,其中,上述支架具有轴向调整该支架的螺纹调整件,以便在轴向调整该支架时有效地改变第二挤压孔的尺寸。
4、根据权利要求3所述的模具,其中装有一个连接上述支架和第一心轴的并只允许支架轴向运动而不允许它转动的连接件,这种连接件可以是键、花键和类似的连接件。
5、根据权利要求2所述的模具,其中上述分配器具有第二定中装置,该定中装置用径向安置在上述分配器中的螺栓使上述分配器等间隔地环绕支套安装,螺栓与支套侧面相互作用,从而可以相对于该支套径向调整上述分配器。
6、一种生产双层无缝塑料管设备上的挤压模,它包括:
一个具有一个中心孔的挤压头,该中心孔带有一个接受加压热塑性材料挤压料的侧面开口,
一个第一细长喷嘴,它连接到上述挤压头上并提供一条沿其纵向方向延伸的用于将上述挤压料传送到出料端的供料通道,
一个第一空心心轴,它安置在上述中心孔中,基本上与上述喷嘴共轴,但与喷嘴分开,从而提供一条沿其纵向方向延伸的用于将上述挤压料传送到出料端的塑料传送通道,
一个将上述第一喷嘴等间隔地环绕第一心轴安装的第一定中装置,它具有径向安置在上述挤压头中的螺栓,该螺栓与该喷嘴的侧面相互作用,从而可以相对于上述心轴径向调整喷嘴,
一个安置在第一心轴内的并装有第二心轴和一个支套的细长支架,支套形成安置在支架上的内环和由支套腿连接到内环上的外环,该支套具有上游分配器和位于下游的第二喷嘴,该分配器被成形为锥尖指向上游的锥形环,它将挤压料分开以生产双层无缝管,第一喷嘴和分配器与第二喷嘴和心轴分别形成内径尺寸递减的第一和第二挤压孔,挤压料可以连续地流过这二个挤压孔,并相应在喷嘴内沿心轴的周围形成上述双层管的外壁和内壁,
一个在纵向方向调整上述支架的螺纹调整件,以便在轴向调整该支架时有效地改变第二挤压孔的尺寸,
一个连接上述支架和第一心轴的并只允许支架进行轴向运动而不允许它转动的连接件,这种连接件可以是键、花键和其它类似的连接件,
一个第二定中装置,该定中装置用径向安置在上述分配器中的螺栓使上述分配器等间隔地环绕支套安装,它与支套侧面相互作用,从而可以相对于支套径向调整上述分配器。
CN86106613A 1986-01-15 1986-09-24 双层塑料管的挤压模 Expired CN1007139B (zh)

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US06/818,957 US4770618A (en) 1986-01-15 1986-01-15 Extrusion die for two-ply plastic tubing

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EP0230055B1 (en) 1990-11-28
CA1224314A (en) 1987-07-21
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CN1007139B (zh) 1990-03-14
US4770618A (en) 1988-09-13
AU6753587A (en) 1987-07-16
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DE3675913D1 (de) 1991-01-10
AU586063B2 (en) 1989-06-29

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