CN86100757A - 改进或有关增加动物饲料摄取量的方法 - Google Patents
改进或有关增加动物饲料摄取量的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN86100757A CN86100757A CN86100757.3A CN86100757A CN86100757A CN 86100757 A CN86100757 A CN 86100757A CN 86100757 A CN86100757 A CN 86100757A CN 86100757 A CN86100757 A CN 86100757A
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- growth hormone
- pig
- animal
- day
- feed intake
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- Granted
Links
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- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005495 thyroid hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940034208 thyroxine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thyroxine-binding globulin Natural products IC1=CC(CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035722 triiodothyronine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/40—Mineral licks, e.g. salt blocks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/168—Steroids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/184—Hormones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种用给与甲状腺活性物质使已经提高了生长激素水平的猪,小鸡或奶牛增加对饲料摄取量的方法。
Description
我们知道增加动物对饲料的消耗或动物对饲料的摄取量则增加动物体重或在奶牛或喂奶母猪中增加乳汁分泌。例如,在较短的期间内增加动物的生长和体重可使动物达到市场要求的重量,从而饲养者得以大量的节约。
虽然动物在血液中经常保持有一定的生长激素或有关物质的水平,但当生长激素水平超过正长水平时,则某些动物的饲料摄取或消耗量就减少。所以增加这些动物的饲料摄取量是很重要的,如猪和小鸡,否则它们将会遭受饲料摄取量降低的损害。我们发现了给予甲状腺活性物质(也包括促甲状腺素)将会增加那些具有超过生长激素正常水平的或已提高血中生长激素水平的动物的饲料摄取量。
当奶牛保持生长激素超过血液的正常水平时,它们的乳汁分泌增加,而它们的饲料摄取量既不增加也不减少。这意味着奶牛不需要增加饲料也可分泌更多的乳汁。因而增加奶牛的饲料摄取量并对进而增加乳汁分泌的数量和改进其质量是有益的。所以给予甲状腺活性物质以增加奶牛对饲料摄取量也是本发明的一部分。
特别是本发明能提供一种增加动物饲料摄取量的方法,即使该动物已用生长激素相关物质发现而导致血中生长激素或生长因子水平升高、其中包括对该动物给予甲状腺活性物质。
尤其是本发明涉及一种增加猪、小鸡或奶牛对饲料摄取量的方法,这些猪、小鸡或奶牛经用生长激素有关物质处理过而使血液生长激素或生长因子升高、方法中包括对猪、小鸡或奶牛给予甲状腺活性物质。
现在已经发现对提高了生长激素水平致使饲料摄取量下降的猪和小鸡,或饲料摄取量没有增加的牛,通过给予甲状腺活性物质可使猪(包括喂奶母猪、小鸡和奶牛的饲料摄取量增加。
对猪、小鸡和奶牛给予的甲状腺活性物质的类型包括碘化酪蛋白,甲状腺蛋白,甲状腺激素制剂(甲状腺球蛋白,甲状腺精,或Proloid)、T4(甲状腺氨酸,L-甲状腺素,或左旋甲状腺素),或T3(三碘甲状腺氨酸,三碘甲状腺素、托脱罗克辛tertroxin、或赛得美(cytomel)。此外,促进甲状腺分泌T4或T3的物质也可以给予,而且可以包括TSH(甲状腺促进激素、促甲状腺素,促甲状腺激素,提特露帕(thytropar),安比农(am bi-non),或得马提新(DERMATHYCINTM)),TRH(甲状腺素释放激素)以及诸如此类的物质。最好给予碘化酪蛋白。
本发明的方法最好是采用对动物经口给予有效量的甲状腺活性物质。虽然也可以采用其他给予途径,例如用植入,用肌肉或静脉内注射等。关于经口给药,在畜牧业中一般最好是采取将甲状腺活性物质混于适当的载体或稀释物中,如动物饲料等。代表性的载体和稀释物一般用于饲料中的包括粗谷粉,粗黄豆粉、粗苣蓿粉,稻壳,未经分级的黄豆粉,棉子油饼粗粉,骨粗粉、磨碎的谷物,玉米穗轴粗粉,氯化钠,尿素,甘蔗糖密等等。这些载体使甲状腺活性物质在一定量的饲料中均匀分布,因此在饲料中保证有普遍的适当的甲状腺活性物质分布。
尽管经口给予甲状腺活性物质的最好的方法是通过混在每日给予一定量的饲料中,但甲状腺活性物质也可以混入盐块和少量的矿物中,同样也可以直接加入饮用水中以便于经口摄取。另外,也可以把甲状腺活性物质与多形物,蜡等物配制在一起,做为长时间控制性释放之用。以药丸的形式给与动物,或仅按需要给予预计每日给药量的甲状腺活性物质。
至于不经肠道给药,甲状腺活性物质可与常用的载体混合,如谷物油,芝麻油,碳蜡(聚乙二醇),硬脂酸钙等等。这些配制物可做为注射剂或做为缓慢释放的皮下植入物用。其他类型的植入物也可常用为甲状腺活性物质的引入物,并可用于皮下。这些植入物包括硅化橡胶植入物;聚合植入物,如聚氨基甲酸乙酯、水凝胶等;小胶囊;小球;脂质体;以及诸如此类的物质。植入物在预计给药期满时可以取出。另外,甲状腺活性物质也可用机械注入法。渗透法和化学泵法等等方式给药。
给予动物的“甲状腺活性物质的有效量”是使饲料消耗或摄取量增加的有效剂量。给予的有效量决定于被处理动物的种类和给予的甲状腺蛋白的类型。例如,碘化酪蛋白的常用量是每日约50至1000毫克,给予期间对猪约为1个月至5个月(完结期的持续时间)或对奶牛约为6至9个月(泌乳期持续时间)。
碘化酪蛋白也可按饲料的每日总摄取量的约1至1000ppm(百万分之一)给予。这个数量能供给每日每公斤约0.05至50毫克的剂量。具体的最佳使用量是1至500ppm,而更好的是5至250ppm。对猪给药的有效配料的标准量约是25至150ppm。例如,当按这个方法实施时,碘化酪蛋白可按动物每日饲料总量的约100ppm加入到每日的定量饲料中。
用甲状腺活性物质处理过的动物保持有高于正常值的血生长激素或促生长因子。这种超正常的或提高的血生长激素水平或促生长因子是由于人工的
给予或外来的给予生长激素有关物质而造成的。给予的生长激素有关物质可包括生长激素(促生长素),生长激素释放因子,促生长因子,或任何能激发内源的生长激素的产生以及继而产生促生长因子。激发内源的生长激素的物质包括脑啡呔或其他脑啡呔类化合物,***素,α-类肾上腺素能药物,苯甲叠扎平,(ben zodiaz a pines),巴比妥酸盐***制剂拮抗药,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),γ-氨基丁酸能化物等等。其他可以给予的物质包括任何生长激素类似物或者生长激素释放因子类似物,例如,蛋氨酰(methionyl)牛生长激素,29氨基酸生长激素释放因子等等。
给予的生长激素有关物质的样本可来自天然的或重新组合的,或可用固相合成方法制备。另外,生长激素或有关物质都没有种的特异性。例如,猪,牛或人的生长激素都能对猪用作生长激素给药。
保持动物的血生长激素超正常水平需要的生长激素有关物质量是每日公斤约5微克至300微克。对于猪每公斤给药约10至300微克的生长激素即可达到血生长激素超正常水平。对猪的最佳给药量是每日每公斤约20至100微克。
因为生长激素有关物质是一种蛋白质,所以经口服给这种激素是不理想的。可以用肌肉内,静脉内或皮下注射。另外,生长激素有关物质可用植入法给与。标准方法是动物可不经消化道接纳生长激素有关物质和可经口服或不经消化道接纳甲状腺活性物质。可是生长激素有关物质和甲状腺活性物质也可以用单一药物形式给药而达到预期的效果。这些方法包括植入,小胶囊,泵等。
给与甲状腺活性物质对猪饲料摄取量的影响如下列试验所示。
试验1
72只重约130磅的杂种(约克夏与汉普夏杂交种)阉猪和小母猪,以每4头圈于一圈。随意按定量喂以含有约16%粗蛋白的谷物/黄豆配料的猪饲料。也随时都能喝到淡水。
饲料包括以下的配料;
配料 重量% 磅/吨
谷物,黄色,磨碎的 75.70 1534
黄豆油粗粉,溶剂萃取,
去荚,50% 19.35 387
碳酸钙 1.20 24
磷酸二钙,饲料级 1.20 24
食盐(氯化钠) 0.50 10
痕量矿物预混合物 AN-0310.10 2
猪维生素预混合物 SW-0320.65 13
维生素A预混合物
3M 美国药典 单位/磅30.05 1
羟基蛋氨酸类似物 93% 0.20 4
硒预混合物40.05 1
100.00 2000
预混合物1每公斤含50克镁(以硫酸美配制):锌100克(以碳酸锌);铁50克(以硫酸亚铁);铜5克(以氧化铜;碘1.5克(以碘化钾);和钙最多150克最少130克(以碳酸钙配制)。预混合物2每公斤含维生素D277,161国际单位;维生素E2,205国际单位;维生素B2441毫克;泛酸1,620毫克;烟酸2,205毫克;维生素B104.4毫克;维生素K441毫克;胆碱19,180毫克;叶酸110毫克;吡哆醇165毫克;硫胺素110毫克和22毫克生物素。预混合物3每公斤含维生素A6,613,800国际单位。预混物4每公斤含***钠的硒200毫克。
处理用的猪分为三组,每组包括3圈阉猪和3圈小母猪。第一组用作对照组,另外两组在试验的前28天分别处理以每日1.5或3.0毫克的PGH(猪生长激素),试验的第29天至试验终止将剂量分别增加至每日2.0或4.0毫克。
将激素加入灭菌的0.2摩尔的磷酸钾缓冲液(PH7.8)中。(缓冲液用无热源水制备。)猪生长激素最终在缓冲液中的浓度是每毫升1.0毫克。经处理的猪每日接受猪生长激素溶液的肋部皮下注射。各组的注射量如下:
配料和实验设计
0至第28天 第29天至终止
处理 载体 PGH 载体 PGH
组别 毫升/日 毫克/日 毫升/日 毫克/日
1 3.0 0 4.0 0
2 1.5 1.5a2.0 2.0a
3 3.0 3.0a 4.0 4.0a
a猪生长激素溶液的浓度是每毫升载体1.0毫克。(溶液的浓度和注射量被选择为每日每公斤约可提供出25至50微克)。
在试验开始时和以后每14天以及试验结束时测定每只猪的重量。当猪体重达到230磅左右时,即停止试验。(约需55天)。
对每只猪的饲料消耗量也做了记录。计算并记录了每日平均饲料摄取量和每日平均体重的增加磅数。
表1表示由于单独给予生长激素导致饲料摄取量的相关的减少。
表1
猪生长激素对受完整试验的猪的影响
处理 平均每日饲料 平均每日增加
别 水平(毫克/日) 磅 对照的% 磅 对照的%
对照 0 6.68 1.78
PGH 1.5-2.0 6.43 -3.7 1.86 +4.5
PGH 3.0-4.0 6.05 -9.4 1.85 +3.9
试验2
15只其中每只体重约90公斤的杂交阉猪分别豢养在不锈钢笼中并喂以谷物/黄豆配料的猪饲料。对所有的猪都给以固定量的饲料,每日约2000克,分两次喂,每次1000克。水也在喂食时混于饲料中。
阉猪分成5组,每组3只,分组如下:
1-对照(每日4.5毫升载体)
2-PGH(每日9毫克)
3-PGH(每日9毫克)+IC(每日250毫克)
4-PGH(每日9毫克)+IC(每日500毫克)
5-PGH(每日9毫克)+IC(每日1000毫克)
IC(碘化酪蛋白)用于第3-5组。将每只猪的每天给药量的一半混入每日两次所喂的饲料中。
猪生长激素溶液的制备如试验1所述,但猪生长激素在缓冲液中的浓度为每毫升2.0毫克。猪生长激素的给药法是每日在肋部皮下注射。每日溶液的注射量如下:
猪生长激素的需要量和配料
浓 猪 每日 每日
度 毫升 毫克PGH 总量 总量
(毫克/毫升) 注射 猪数 (毫升) (毫克PGH)
对照组 0 4.5 0 3 13.5 0
处理组 2 4.5 9.0 12 54.0 108
在12天期间内每日记录每只猪的饲料摄取量。饲料摄取情况如表2所示。
在试验开始和第12天未称量动物的体重。计算并记录各组动物12天的体重增加磅数。体重增加情况如表3所示。
表3
猪生长激素和碘化酪蛋白
对受完整试验的猪体重增加的影响
处理 猪数 12天体重增加(磅)
对照 3 22.3
PGH (9毫克/日) 3 22.7
PGH (9毫克/日)+3 31.3
IC (250毫克/日)
PGH (9毫克/日)+3 29.3
IC (500毫克/日)
PGH (9毫克/日)+2 28.0
IC (1000毫克/日)
Claims (16)
1、其特征是一种经用生长激素有关物质处理过而血液生长激素或生长因素水平提高的动物使之增加其饲料摄取量的方法,其中包括对该动物给与甲状腺活性物质。
2、根据权利要求1的方法其增加饲料摄取量的动物是猪,小鸡或奶牛。
3、根据权利要求2的方法其动物是猪。
4、根据权利要求1至3的任何一项方法其甲状腺活性物质是碘化酪蛋白。
5、根据权利要求4的方法其碘化酪蛋白的给药比率是每日饲料摄取量的1-1000ppm。
6、根据权利要求5的方法其碘化酪蛋白的给药比率是每日饲料摄取量的5-250ppm。
7、根据权利要求1至6的任何一项方法其生长激素有关物质是生长激素。
8、根据权利要求7的方法其生长激素是重新组合的生长激素。
9、根据权利要求8的方法其生长激素是猪生长激素。
10、应用甲状腺活性物质增加动物对饲料的摄取量所说的动物是用生长激素有关物质处理过而使血生长激素或生长因素水平升高。
11、根据权利要求10的用法其增加饲料摄取量的动物是猪、小鸡或奶牛。
12、根据权利要求11的用法其甲状腺活性物质是碘化酪蛋白。
13、根据权利要求12的用法其碘化酪蛋白对动物的给药比率是每日饲料摄取量的1至1000ppm。
14、根据权利要求10-13的任何一项用法其生长激素有关物质是生长激素。
15、根据权利要求14的用法其生长激素是重新组合的生长激素。
16、根据权利要求15的用法其生长激素是猪生长激素。
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US20030032675A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2003-02-13 | Franz G. Andrew | Manufacture of thyroid hormone tablets having consistent active moiety amounts |
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US20030190349A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-10-09 | Franz G. Andrew | Methods of stabilizing pharmaceutical compositions |
US20030180353A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-09-25 | Franz G. Andrew | Stabilized pharmaceutical compositions |
US20030198667A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-10-23 | Franz Andrew G. | Methods of producing dispersible pharmaceutical compositions |
US20030199587A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-10-23 | Franz G. Andrew | Levothyroxine compositions having unique Cmax properties |
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US20030203967A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-10-30 | Franz G. Andrew | Levothyroxine compositions having unique Tmax properties |
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NL157970B (nl) * | 1945-04-19 | Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl | Schakelinrichting voor een wrijvingskoppeling. | |
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-
1985
- 1985-02-06 US US06/698,669 patent/US4818531A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1986
- 1986-01-29 ZA ZA86671A patent/ZA86671B/xx unknown
- 1986-01-29 CA CA000500583A patent/CA1285423C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-29 DE DE8686300597T patent/DE3682914D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-29 EP EP86300597A patent/EP0192360B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-30 PT PT81942A patent/PT81942B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-30 CN CN86100757A patent/CN1021790C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-01-30 NZ NZ214989A patent/NZ214989A/xx unknown
- 1986-01-31 PH PH33361A patent/PH22682A/en unknown
- 1986-02-03 IL IL77779A patent/IL77779A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-03 AT AT0024686A patent/AT391980B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-03 DK DK050786A patent/DK164386C/da active
- 1986-02-03 IE IE29686A patent/IE58933B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-04 HU HU86482A patent/HU195091B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-04 AU AU52981/86A patent/AU576052B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-02-04 EG EG56/86A patent/EG17891A/xx active
- 1986-02-04 JP JP61023665A patent/JPH0723324B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL77779A0 (en) | 1986-08-31 |
EP0192360A1 (en) | 1986-08-27 |
AU576052B2 (en) | 1988-08-11 |
CA1285423C (en) | 1991-07-02 |
DK164386C (da) | 1992-11-09 |
IE58933B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
CN1021790C (zh) | 1993-08-18 |
DK50786A (da) | 1986-08-07 |
IL77779A (en) | 1990-01-18 |
PT81942A (en) | 1986-11-28 |
IE860296L (en) | 1986-08-06 |
PH22682A (en) | 1988-11-14 |
DK50786D0 (da) | 1986-02-03 |
HUT39991A (en) | 1986-11-28 |
US4818531A (en) | 1989-04-04 |
EG17891A (en) | 1991-03-30 |
AT391980B (de) | 1990-12-27 |
DE3682914D1 (de) | 1992-01-30 |
JPS61183229A (ja) | 1986-08-15 |
AU5298186A (en) | 1986-08-14 |
ZA86671B (en) | 1987-08-26 |
NZ214989A (en) | 1989-08-29 |
ATA24686A (de) | 1990-07-15 |
PT81942B (pt) | 1988-05-27 |
HU195091B (en) | 1988-04-28 |
EP0192360B1 (en) | 1991-12-18 |
DK164386B (da) | 1992-06-22 |
JPH0723324B2 (ja) | 1995-03-15 |
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