CN85109512A - Handle the method and apparatus of soil and plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is described for the method and apparatus that can produce a uniform electric field between the different piece on the different parts of plant or stratum.This method is to supply with in the stratum of moisture in hope, produces the electric field that certain limit is arranged.This electric field has electric energy.

Description

Handle the method and apparatus of soil and plant

The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus, utilize this method, can between the soil of plantation plant, produce steady electric field.

People have known a kind of method and apparatus of setting up uniform electric field in the stratum from EP-A87663.This device has two to bury electrode underground and in a certain distance apart from one another, and they link up by a conductor system.An electrode, particularly negative electrode will be embedded in the closely surperficial stratum, and another electrode, particularly anode will be embedded in the darker stratum, liftoff surface.In real life, this method and apparatus is understood by people.Yet,, can not all can carry enough moisture in all cases to each soil layer in this way with the potential difference that produced of device.

According to the suggestion of DE-C2503670, thereby set up a kind of electric field by electrode being imbedded in the bad stratum of stratum capillarity very low in subterranean water level and soil, this electric field should make underground water upwards flow.

The electrode that suggestion is used is made by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is added with conduction in interior, the material of anticorrosive and anti-electrolysis.Also contain carbon in these materials, artificial carbon for example, graphite and carbon black.

In addition, use is the device that proposes by FR-A2402424.The electrode that uses in this device is wire or the net weaved into by wire, and its intensity and chemical stability are all good inadequately.

The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of device that produces electric field, just can produce a large-area uniform electric field with this device.This electric field both can be active, and was also passive, and can be for a long time to the stratum and (or) plant carries enough liquid and ion.

By carrying on the direction of plant nutrient and moisture in soil, the electric energy that exists between the negative potential district of electric field and the positive potential district can be realized this purpose.The advantage of this solution is: the effect of the electric energy by having certain sensing can overcome the potential energy of carrying nutrient and moisture.Because the effect of electric energy in the electric field, thereby can force nutrient and moisture to flow along the direction of envisioning.

The another embodiment that the present invention proposes is particularly advantageous, in this scheme, resistance and Electric Field Distribution between two voltage belts of the electric energy that electric field has and electric field are relevant, it is greater than the potential energy of carrying nutrient and moisture, and electric-field intensity changes along with the negative potential district to electric field carries the amount of moisture and ion and the moisture that should distinguish and the ratio between the ion consumption.

Should be according to carrying nutrient and the required potential energy that overcomes of moisture, and between two electric fields and the resistance of Electric Field Distribution adjust the consumption of electric energy, so just can be in the negative potential district of electric field (by the electrode generation) realization carry the basic prerequisite of nutrient, moisture and ion continuously and balancedly.Because field intensity is relevant with the input quantity of moisture, nutrient and ion, going back fibrous root simultaneously regulates according to the consumption and the wastage in negative potential districts such as moisture, therefore, after taking some measures, just may stop generation a kind of to negative potential district conveying nutrient or moisture or the too much phenomenon of ion.It is disadvantageous that the direction transporting water in this phenomenon subtend negative potential district is graded.The principle that proposes according to the present invention, be that electric-field intensity is corresponding with the amount of the moisture in negative potential district or nutrient or ion, just can by for example reduce the electric field electric current and or voltage method, make moisture, nutrient or ion from deep stratum no longer continue to carry to the negative potential district in large quantities, this just can be avoided producing and stop up.

By determining rated value, and by regulating and the way of control field intensity, just can prevent to produce and reflux and destruction is carried out the grade phenomenon of system of transporting water in the electro-osmosis mode.Under the less situation of power consumption, ceiling voltage must not surpass 30 volts, and at this moment the hysteresis effect of Chu Xianing just will stop disintegrating of electric field.All the more so in the stratum of salt deficiency.

If consider because the permeability parameter that fluid pressure official post water is showed when flowing in the stratum, then electric field just has the following advantages, that promptly produce, that point to the negative potential district by electric field, to the driving force of nutrient, moisture and ion, will stop nutrient, moisture and the ion of root area to the water table sedimentation.

When if the salt content in the liquid increases, then field intensity, at first be that voltage of electric field will diminish this moment, corresponding to the raising that electricity is led, the voltage drop in other stratum (salt content wherein is not high) has also increased.This is that little voltage drop by rich salting liquid causes.This will produce harm.For eliminating this phenomenon, can improve the salt-containing liquid that is transferred and the voltage of moisture, voltage is no longer reduced, but voltage can not be carried De Taigao.

The present invention can also make the course of conveying smoothness of nutrient, moisture or ion in the electric field negative potential district.So just, it is continuous can making the course of conveying of moisture and nutrient, thereby just can avoid because the adverse consequences that liquid or nutrient flow backwards and brought.

This embodiment also has an advantage, promptly can Electric Field Distribution be controlled and calculate according to a some current potential, and this is because the size of controller and the degree of depth of detector position are very little by comparison.Overlap each other by these, vary in size, be the electric field of cascade system, just can make distribution of resistance and Electric Field Distribution situation in the whole osmosis system suitable with the transport condition of carrying nutrient, moisture and ion.So just can not surpass the magnitude of voltage that allows, can not produce the harm that causes by big electric current yet, and can realize the continuous conveying of nutrient, moisture and ion.

By another scheme, the distribution mode by staggering each other in the space particularly can make electric field suitable with different stratum and different soil structure at an easy rate.

It also is feasible that the present invention also has an embodiment.Promptly in the negative potential district of electric field, put a large tracts of land mesh electrode that is made of conductor at least, thereunder the different distance place is provided with anode, can apply different voltages to this anode, and bonding conductor and electrode are because the material of anode electrochemistry current potential is made.Because in electrochemistry, the current potential of different metal is also different, also because the voltage difference between the so-called exciting electrode (promptly providing energy by external power) that separates each other can make nutrient and water and ion carry by the approach of anticipation.

Because contain magnesium in the anode, the benefit that this produced is that because can constitute a galvanic cell between two electrodes, according to the electrochemistry current potential of two electrode material therefors, the electrode that contains magnesium is an anode.According to the electrochemical effect of galvanic cell, this electrode will be decomposed, cation, and for example magnesium ion will move along the direction of pointing to negative pole, and will be absorbed by the cell of root of plant and plant with moisture and nutrient.Thus just can be in whole system (therefore at cell mass) electric field of formation, it and oxidizing process, reduction process, promptly each intercellular ion motion is distinguishing.After whole system is applied an electric power, can between two electrodes, carry nutrient, the effect of this power and each cell, oxidation and reduction process are irrelevant.The astonishing advantage of this method is: when forming with electric field, magnesium also will enter into soil and plant roots district; Concerning plant, magnesium can play the effect of polarizer, promptly might make the above ledge in ground of plant be in negative potential, so just, nutrient can be drunk up from the stratum, in some soil type, past often makes plant withered owing to lacking magnesium, for example makes acerose needle flavescence, or the leaf flavescence of fruit tree.In recent years, because the effect of global influence, particularly acid rain makes this situation become even more serious.Yet this situation can improve by the present invention.This be because " acid rain " and consequent acid solution to the dissolving of alkaline magnesium, the magnesium ion that will be discharged in the time of can dissolving for electrode compensation.So just, can make the magnesium that has q.s in the soil again, and well-known global disaster, for example the withered of coniferous tree and fruit tree just can alleviate or prevent.Just may when the solution that adopts the present invention to propose, demonstrate special advantage: can in the soil of predesignating (soil layer that for example high electricity is led), form a specific potential difference thus.When need were drawn to water in the humus soil layer from very dark stratum, above-mentioned solution was particularly advantageous, although because internal resistance is very little, still can produce a corresponding strong electric field.

The method that the present invention proposes also has other advantages.For example, magnesium ion is arranged, thereby just can be coated on hydrogen on the root and foreign ion and dissolve or drain owing to gather in root area.Like this, just, can make the more nutrient of root absorption.

The advantage of another program of the present invention is: in the electric field that constitutes by two electrodes (impressed current is wherein arranged), add a supplementary anode after, just can produce the cascading of an electric field, electric field is strengthened.By this method, just can moisture be carried and be drawn to root area by the electric field that external energy produces.This method is even more important concerning the less soil of internal resistance, because more need well to supply with moisture here.This method is important to the many plants of water requirement, for example capsicum and similar plants.If humus soil layer fertility is very sufficient, is favourable.

Because the electrode laid in electric field positive potential district can be made of the magnesium conductor that contains of substantially parallel ground surface, so the large-area electric field by being produced by two large-area electrodes (being anode and negative electrode) just can be brought into play the beneficial effect of magnesium.

The present invention proposes the another one embodiment, it is characterized in that being about the height of plant in the positive potential district under the ground surface and the distance between the negative potential district, and make have between two electrodes illustrated apart from the time advantage be: from the ground surface in plant roots district to the humus soil floor, or the water that waters to the plant roots district, can be kept at well between two electrodes of electric field, so just, can avoid moisture sedimentation in the stratum on stratum, depths, particularly crack with holes (wherein being mainly volcanic rock).Other advantage of this scheme has: when moisture, nutrient and ion are transported between the negative potential that is placed with electrode and the positive potential district, then can supply with more moisture and nutrient (not being subjected to carry from the electro-osmosis mode restriction of the limiting value of moisture and nutrient) to plant stability ground.Concerning very easily permeable soil, when using electric field in the plant growing district, moisture or the nutrient of carrying can be kept in the soil, and this therewith electric field (can preserve the electric field of moisture and nutrient) whether overlap and have nothing to do with another electric field (moisture, nutrient and ion can be drawn from dark area).

The invention also discloses another embodiment.By means of this scheme, can produce the electric field of an orientation in the root area of plant (particularly tree), do not need expensive installation fee.

The present invention can accomplish by another effective method: the electric field by means of overlapping, can make nutrient and moisture directed toward ground surface, or the direction of plant is carried.

The invention still further relates to a kind of device, this device is special in realizing that the method that the present invention proposes designs.

Apparatus of the present invention are characterised in that: the power supply that an electrode is at least respectively arranged and/or link to each other with electrode in negative potential district and positive potential district, the adjusting device of voltage and current between adjustable economize on electricity field intensity and two electrodes.Owing to adopted adjusting device, just can carry moisture, nutrient and the ion of the quantity of anticipation simply to the negative potential district of electric field by the electro-osmosis mode.Can prevent that electric field from destroying by the method for regulating field intensity.

The present invention also is described another device.Need make the electrode that is made of multiple material according to the rules, mainly be negative electrode.This buried electrode surface in the long-term course of work, and does not decompose in the electrochemical process.Electrode itself can bear mechanical load, and for example, it can bear firmly drags and meet sb. at the airport or weight that other are operated machine.

Also have another kind of device, this device can make moisture be kept at plant growing district and plant roots district.

And the embodiment of another kind of device also has narration in the present invention, it is placed on a plurality of anodes the below of the electrode that is arranged in the negative potential district, can form the overlapping electric field of tandem type, to be drawn in the plant growing district be favourable to moisture, nutrient and ion are carried from deep stratum for this.By regulating the voltage drop between each anode, can guarantee to carry continuously moisture, nutrient and ion.These anodes distance to each other is different, and be held in place the negative potential district electrode below.

A still further embodiment of the present invention, it has following advantage: by means of a determination of moisture device, can determine the excessive situation of moisture, nutrient and ion in the electric field negative potential district in real time.And can stably carry moisture and nutrient by the electric current in the minimizing electric field and the way of voltage.

The advantage of the another kind of device that constitutes according to the present invention is can stably provide moisture to plant by the way of burying drainpipe underground and carrying moisture, nutrient and ion by this drainpipe, and no matter the water yield size of being carried in the electric field how.

The present invention also has an embodiment, and it can realize the Automatic Control of electric field according to the real value that records.

Another embodiment according to the present invention is to make the power consumption in the electric field often to remain in the scope of a regulation.So just, can prevent because overtension, and moisture or nutrient in course of conveying because the different destructions of causing electric field that obstruction causes of the intensity of each electric field on throughput direction.

The present invention has also done elaboration to the advantage according to another embodiment of the present invention, promptly regulates the depletion rate of anode by film, the structure that just can correspondingly regulate the electric field that forms between anode and the negative electrode.

The invention allows for the embodiment of another kind of device.According to this scheme, be to be placed in the electrolyte that moisture and nutrient by plant constitute, so constituted a kind of galvanic cell owing to used the different material of electrochemistry and these materials.To form an electric field between two electrodes, by the voltage of setting up on whole cell mass, this electric field transmits senior nutrient, and this process is with move the course of conveying that is produced by oxidation and juvenescence or battery intermediate ion irrelevant.Another advantage of this scheme is: each parts is all very cheap, so expense is low; Also can realize the quick growth of plant, stably supply with nutrient and plant, particularly the polarization of tree and similar plants.

In the another kind of scheme that proposes according to the present invention, only used parts, can between two different position, constitute an electric field.Select different metals to do negative electrode or anode according to the current potential value difference of metal in electrochemistry, thereby just can between the zone of influence of stick electrode, form potential difference.The long-pending size of real surface of the anode part by regulating stick electrode can be regulated the power consumption of electric field, very simply with suitable with different conditions.

The present invention also has another embodiment, promptly in containing the consumable anode of magnesium, not only can add the magnesium of abundant risen polarizer effect, and can add nutritive salt or nutrient, also can add plant protection product and insecticide naturally.Can regulate the amount that sacrificial electrode discharges, and equate with the water uptake of plant exactly.And such as need with fertilizer, insecticide and plant protection product put on the ground, because near the influence that plant produced, shortcoming such as may be flushed away to the influence of ecology and nutrient raining heavily, and can be overcome at an easy rate by the method.

The advantage of another embodiment of the present invention is to add magnesium in electrode, so that it presents after the strong basicity, just can offset the influence of the acid solution what is called " acid rain " of global implication (as have), this is because the alkali that acid solution produces can be dissolved by electrode the time neutralizes, thereby can not make pH value produce disadvantageous variation.

At last, the invention allows for the advantage of another kind of device, can make grafting in process of growth, obtain sufficient nutrient, thereby quicken its growth to the plant on the matrix plant.In order to understand the present invention better, will give further instruction by the embodiment shown in the following accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1. be depicted as the root of plant and bury the section of root soil.This illustrates the situation that is applied to set a class plant according to the proposed method with device.

Fig. 2. be depicted as another kind and will be applied to the embodiment when plantlet supplies water with equipment according to the proposed method from the stratum, depths.

Fig. 3. be depicted as according to the proposed method and install, it is used for producing electric field, and causes ion motion in natural nutrient course of conveying.

Fig. 4. be depicted as and be positioned near the plant root, contain magnesium in interior and can discharge the electrode of nutrient or insecticide.This figure schematically shows the situation of carrying nutrient, insecticide and nutrient.

Fig. 5. under the situation of the method for using the present invention to propose and designed device, schematically show the perspective view of a part of soil.An electrode in this part soil has formed the positive potential zone of electric field, and this electrode is an anode.

Fig. 6. according to the situation that is provided with of anode shown in Figure 5 and negative electrode, this illustrates voltage response and current drain curve in electric field.

Fig. 7. be depicted as the cross section of a part of soil perspective view.Be equipped with in the soil in this section nutrient and (or) carrier pipe of liquid, this pipe can make the plant roots district maintain liquid and nutrient or ion.

Fig. 8. be depicted as a kind of yin, yang electrode all-in-one-piece bar type device.When curing sick tree, can adopt this device to form electric field in root area.

Fig. 9. be placed with two soil profile figure that can produce tandem type electric field arrangement connected to one another in being depicted as, also schematically drawn with respect to the power line of each plant or usage tree root.

Figure 10. be depicted as the perspective view of the frame-type electrode that proposes according to the present invention.

Figure 11. be depicted as the cross section of a conduit of frame-type electrode.

Fig. 1 has shown tree 1, trunk 2 and branch 3 and the root 5 that stretches in soil 4.As shown, soil 4 is to be made of the several soil layers that are parallel to ground surface 6, for example, the soil layer 7 that is made of humus soil is arranged, the sandy layer 8 and the moisture unpassable argillic horizon 9 that have moisture to pass through.Underground water 10 is arranged at the bottom at sandy layer 8, and underground water is because its bottom is an argillic horizon 9, thereby no longer downward seepage flow.

Underground water surface 11 and between the root 5 of the plant 1 on its top, certain distance is arranged.The sandy layer 8 on 11 tops, underground water surface is very dry.Because the moisture that infiltrates from ground surface 6, by after the humus soil soil layer 7, during again by adjacent soil layer 8, can't stop there, but immediately seepage flow among underground water 10.Like this, because the water that ground surface 6 places supply with is insufficient, so plant 1 also just can not normally grow.

For can be, have just proposed can form uniform electric field 14(with power line 13 expressions to the well-off reliably moisture of the root of plant 1) device 12.Include a direct current power supply 15 in the device 12, its anodal end 16 is connected with the electrode 17 that is positioned in the underground water 10.The negative pole 18 of dc source 15 can be the framework that is made of a conductor by lead 19 with electrode 20() link.This electrode is positioned over soil layer 7, promptly in humus soil soil layer or the plant growing district.When electrode 20 as negative pole, and electrode 17 then will be set up uniform electric field 14 when anodal between two electrodes.According to the electric conductivity of soil layer between two electrodes, then the effect of uniform electric field 14 will have have by force a little less than, that is to say, underground water 10 to the various piece output of soil layer 7 have have more few, as among the figure schematically with arrow 21 expressions.When soil has big electricity when leading, will cause electric field strength to be not enough to the moisture of q.s is delivered to the root area of plant 1.So, for moisture being delivered to the plant roots district apace, can between negative electrode 20 and positive electrode 17, place the electrode 22 that another one plays anodal effect, so just between electrode 22 and electrode 20, formed a uniform electric field 23 that overlaps with uniform electric field 14, (schematically illustrating) with power line 24.Because uniform electric field 14 and 23 is the distribution of this tandem type, has just caused this result: on the direction that adds represented compass plant 1 root 5 of heavy point 25, output has strengthened.In electrode 20 regions, a lot of electrodes 22 might be set.For clarity sake, only drawn on the figure one.People think like this, with playing the electrode 22 of impressed current anode effect, make with the metal that is in negative potential in the electrochemistry.In this metalloid, magnesium is for example arranged, also can be lead or zinc.In this case, importantly, electrode 22 must be positioned at the below of electrode 20 also at a distance of about X distance towards the end of electrode 20.Like this, between electrode 22 and 20, just can form electric field 23.

Electric field is one of advantage of cascade system and is that each electric field can work under low voltage, and the voltage on the ground surface will can not surpass critical value one can be with the voltage of water or wet ground electrolysis.Just can avoid producing corrosive substance thus, the corrodible electrode of this material is also harmful to the root 5 of plant 1.Represented as Fig. 1, except above-mentioned, also may in humus soil layer 7, settle electrode 26.This electrode links by lead 28 and electrode 27 on the trunk 2 that is positioned at plant 1.Can adopt a kind of like this metal as the material of making electrode 26, promptly its metal of making electrode 27 or connect lead on the electrochemistry of metal is born, and so just can form a uniform electric field 29.Illustrate with electric field line 30 among the figure.

No matter how electrode the 26, the 27th is placed, on the trunk 2 of plant 1, can place an anode electrode 31 again, and can on trunk, use conductive paint or conductive materials.This electrode 31 can link by lead 32 and electrode 33,34. Electrode 33,34 is positioned on the direction of transfer (arrow 35) of nutrient, and with electrode 31 segment distance is arranged.Electrode 33 can perhaps be connected on the negative potential by the cannula-like electrode 34 that is enclosed within on the branch 3 by being inserted into the metalwork (being fixed on the trunk 2 with conductive adhesive or binding agent) in branch or the trunk otch.Electric field between the electrode 31 and 33 or 34 can form by the galvanic cell effect or by independent constant voltage source.Consider then all available metal making of lead 32 or electrode 33 and 34 if press the galvanic cell effect.This metal has slightly little negative potential with respect to standard hydrogen electrode in electrochemistry, the metal of making anode electrode 31 also has less negative potential.Electrode 31 is generally selected magnesium or magnesium compound manufacturing for use, and lead is then with copper or carbon fiber.Electrode 33 and 34 available carbon fibers, iron or analog manufacturings.

Also can see by Fig. 1, might be in the inside of trunk 2 or plant 1 by the uniform electric field 36 between uniform electric field 29 or electrode 31 and 33 or 34, form a electric field by plant 1 cell system, this electric field can be carried nutrient to plant, this process and oxidation and reduction mechanism and carry the process of nutrient component irrelevant by the ion motion mode.Send into for its multiple metal of in oxidation and reduction process, processing or salt and nutrient like this, just can for each cell.

Just can control the growth of trunk and plant or the maturation of fruit by the mode of anticipation thus.The method and apparatus that the present invention proposes also can be used on to the improvement plant carries out in the situation of grafting, and it can promote the growth of grafting plant.In this case, be in the electrode of positive potential, promptly anode and is positioned at the electrode of negative potential between root and grafting part, and promptly negative electrode then contacts with grafted branch.

It is shocking, between each cell, conveying nutrient process by ion motion formation, clearly, electricity also will have influence on extra electric field (by electrode, its effect exists simultaneously with the nutrient course of conveying of nature) because leading difference (this is owing to the processing to nutrient component during so-called plant takes a break reduces formed).Like this, can prevent that nutrient component in the cell system of plant and salt and analog are too much, or cell system is destroyed.On the contrary, the fact but illustrates, when increasing number of electrodes (below also will address), nutrient or nutritive salts (when nutrient presents alkalescence or alkaline ph value) can enter into the cellular tissure of plant soon, and processed by each cell there, so just can quicken the growth of plant or the ability of raising disease resistance.

Figure 2 shows that the uniform electric field 37 of cascade system and 38 distribution situation.Be positioned in the underground water 10 at electrode 17() and electrode 40(be positioned in the growth soil layer of plant 39, and link to each other with the negative pole of a direct current power supply 15) between, formed electric field 38.In order between electrode 17 and 40, to form electric field 38, in the embodiment illustrated, the electrode of laying in addition 41 promptly is so-called consumable anode 42, that is to say, it is made by this metalloid: in electrochemistry, they all present negative potential with respect to electrode 40 and standard hydrogen electrode.Electrode 41 is also added some nutritive salt 43 or deinsectization medicine 44 or analog in addition.Shown in arrow among the figure, by the electrochemical process between positive pole and negative pole, also promptly because the disintegration of the consumable anode that effect caused of galvanic cell, just nutritive salt etc. can be discharged, and they are to plant root 45 motions.In other words, nutritive salts and deinsectization medicine etc. can enter into each cell of plant with moisture and micro substance etc.

Fig. 3 shows ion in the process of each transcellular movement and process and depositing therewith, the nutrient course of conveying that is produced by electric field.This situation basically with shown in Figure 2 be corresponding at consumable anode 42 and electrode 40 or 45 processes of carrying out of root.Yet, as shown in Figure 3, between the negative potential electrode 46 at 39 places of the plant above the ground surface 6, exist an electric field the root 45 of plant 39 and consumable anode 42 of placing in its vicinity or one.

Consumable anode 42 usefulness magnesium are made, and preferably use pure magnesium.At first, should not contain aluminium in the magnesium, in order to avoid injury root or plant itself.Another advantage of making consumable anode 42 of magnesium is, because the disintegration of consumable anode 42,, will concentrate near the root 45 of plant 39 then at anode 42 and the electrochemistry element magnesium ion 48 that for example between the negative electrode on the plant 39 47, produced, in other words, in the root area enrichment magnesium ion 48.When precipitation, for instance, when raining (raindrop are represented by dotted lines in the drawings),, rainwater or snow-broth form sulfuric acid owing to can working with the sulphur that exists in the air, and this sulfuric acid can penetrate in the humus soil layer 50.Sulfuric acid will work with the magnesium in the soil layer and form magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH ₂), thereby just can avoid acid rain to the harmful effect that soil produces, perhaps avoid taking place the variation of pH value.

Furthermore, because magnesium ion accumulates in root 45 places, hydrogen or foreign ion 51, for example, electronegative alkali and hydroxyl ion Cl ^-, NO ^- ₃, PO ^3- ₄, SO ² ₄, HCO ^- ₃, CoO ^-, OH ^-, and CH ₃, will be repelled to walk by anion or drain from root 45, this process is to represent with the small arrow that draw in the root place in the drawings.Owing to can hydrogen or foreign ion 51 be drained from root, thus plant just be easy to by the root derive nutrients, thereby can make the more nutrient of plant absorbing.

Figure 4 shows that an electrode 52, wherein except that there being magnesium 53(to use pure magnesium as far as possible), other kinds inorganic nutrients can also be contained.These inorganic nutrients can intersperse among the various piece of plant by means of juice.Inorganic nutrients can be divided into essential element (big element) and trace element (little element).Essential element is the element of the required various materials of life process by digestion also by a large amount of the absorption.Also need a spot of trace element normal to guarantee all parts of a plant function.Yet the supply of inorganic nutrients is very not urgent, because contain a large amount of carbon in the gravel that phosphorus content is enriched, so the suction carbonic acid gas is unimportant in empty G﹠W.Nitrogen is not inorganic, and the absorption of nitrogen is the same with the absorption of other kind nutrition.

People say the absorption of nutritive salt and salt usually, yet this is readily appreciated that; In general, absorbed is ion, rather than electroneutral molecule.Most of nutrients are neutral salt, constitute by highly basic and strong acid, in this case, their diluted and decomposition.So people should, absorption be nutrition anion and nutrition cation and ion.

Indispensable cation has K ⁺, Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺, Fe ³⁺And Mn ²⁺Indispensable anion has H ₂PO ^- ₄And SO ^2- ₄Nitrogen or be anion N O ^- ₃Or be cation NH ^- ₄Be absorbed.Under the very high situation of pH value, nitrogen also can NH ₄The OH molecular forms is absorbed.

Should comprise needed cation of plant and anion that all mix in suitable ratio in the perfect nutrient solution.For example, can include: KCl+KH ₂PO ₄+ Ca(NO ₃) ₂+ MgSO ₄+ Fe-citrate+MnCl ₂+ CuSO ₄+ ZnSO ₄+ H ₃BO ₃, some other kinds trace elements also need be arranged occasionally.

As previously mentioned, electrode 52 is for adapting to the plant ambient conditions, except magnesium metal (because electrochemical decomposition forms Mg ²⁺Ion, and be collected at plant root 45 places) outside, also include for example magnesium sulfate 54(MgSO ^- ₄), boric acid 55(H ₃BO ₃) and calcium chloride 56(KCl).As shown, these nutrients or cation (cation) will be to the electrode direction motions that connects with negative pole.This electrode is positioned on the root, is positioned in other words on the position of the meter liquid flow direction that deviates from electrode 52.

According to the definition of foregoing strict uniform electric field, ion exchange or the anion respiration and can in meter liquid, consuming in can involved in plant cellular tissure of nutrition cation and nutrition anion.These nutrient ions can be delivered to farther plant part from root, that is to say, can strengthen by means of the effect that adds uniform electric field by structure of plant and the nutrients course of conveying that physiology produced of plant.

Corresponding result of study is interesting and startled, oxidation that from cellular tissure, takes place and reduction process, in other words from the absorption of cellular tissure to salt, so-called rest period of plant (during this period, the absorption of nutrient ions or salt is slack-off) plant is applied uniform electric field after, the electricity that can improve inside plants is significantly led and is reduced its internal resistance, thereby uniform electric field dies down.Plant cell tissue like this, in the meantime will be not can owing to nutritive salt too much and over-burden.

Very clear, can add other nutritive salt or trace or essential element in the electrode 52, so that give full play to the advantage that in growing process, can increase the nutrient component conveying capacity.

Application facet at the method and apparatus that proposes by the present invention, also have some advantages in addition, promptly the mounting means of electrode not simultaneously, the flowing or also difference of the conveying intensity of nutrient component of inside plants juice, so just, can promote plant along certain direction growth, branch is evenly grown.

Can understand the method that proposes by the present invention better and illustrate the device 56 that proposes by the present invention by Fig. 5.There is shown the section of a soil 4.The soil layer that this piece soil is parallel to ground surface 6 by many layers is formed, and the soil layer 7 on surface 6 has constituted plant growing soil layer (humus soil or analog) adjacent to each other.Phreatic direction shown in the sensing also has other soil layer 57 and 58.Soil layer 57 is easier to permeate water than soil layer 7, yet but has higher water storage capacity than soil layer 58.Soil layer 58 is made of sandstone or volcanic rock, does not almost have water storage capacity.Like this, the liquid that applies to the plant growing soil layer soil layer 58 of just will flowing through soon, and be fed directly to therefrom in the underground water 10.If there is not soil layer 57 (for example in the area, volcano or arid area be exactly this situation) between soil layer 7 and soil layer 58, then above-mentioned situation is with even more serious.

For can be for example, vegetables or flower to plant 1() root 5 sufficient nutrient is provided, just need underground water 10 is drawn to root 5 places from dark soil layers (20～70 meters are dark).For this reason, just can utilize electric field 59,60 and 61.For be beneficial to understand and clear for the purpose of, several power lines 62,63 and 64 of each electric field that only drawn among the figure.Can clearly be seen that these electric fields are cascade system and overlap each other, so just can make underground water 10 be drawn to root 5 places of plant 1 in the multistage layer mode that is similar to step.Also need consider between electric field 59 and 61, place a power supply 65, therefore can be described as " active system " to supply with electric energy.And electric field 60 produces by means of electrochemical action, and what promptly its electrode material adopted is the metal that has different potentials on electrochemistry, therefore can be described as " passive system ".

Form the what is called " active system " of electric field 59 and 61, its power line 62 or 64 can be expanded to electric field 60 " passive system " sphere of action, and can reach anode 66 places.Like this, just, can make each electrode that is in the electric field 60 present positive potential.Anode 66 is by for example magnesium or contains the metal of magnesium.And, be the wire netting of making by noble metal as the electrode 67 of anode.Electrode 67 is connected with lead 68 with anode 66, so just forms electric field 60 between anode 66 and negative electrode 67.This is to have the cause of different electrochemistry current potentials owing to make the material of anode 67.Surface condition according to being arranged in the anode 66 that electrolyte activates will form strong or weak electric current in electric field 60.Meanwhile, the lead 68 of 66 on electrode 67 and anode is again the short-circuit conductors of electric field 69 and 61.That is to say that the electric field 59 and 61 between the electrode 69,70 of anode 66 and other several anodizes has enlarged in electric field 60.Therefore, the power line 62 and 64 of electric field 59,61 has also extended near the zone the electric field 60, and through electrode 67 places.This electrode links to each other with the cathode output end 71 of power supply 65.Anode 69 links to each other with the cathode output end 72 of power supply 65 with 70.Also further illustrate among the figure, between anode 69 and 70, also can lay another anode 73 again, to constitute another electric field 74.

Electrode 67 has big surface area, and it can be made with net form conductor or wire netting.They are arranged in the adjacent domain of the root 5 of the plant 1 that need water, and need pass the soil layer that needs water.Their great majority can perhaps directly join together as rail, or as shown, it is arranged apart to press certain distance each other.Because the degree of depth difference that their are placed, and with depth ratio be very little than its length, just can constitute the very big stairstepping electric field system of an area coverage and space so can think the anode of a point.In this system, the ion that is close to uniform nutrient and liquid and forms naturally can be delivered to electrode 67 places from underground water 10 places.

Importantly, each soil layer 7,57,58 leads owing to having the soil layer of underground water 10 can have different electricity with other.Certainly, this not only depends on wet situation, also depends on salt content in liquid or the nutrient component and ion concentration wherein.In order to prevent to hinder nutrient, nutrient salt each other at each electric field, the conveying of liquid or ion can be added a control device 75 on power supply 65.Only done signal simply among the figure.

For the method and apparatus of realizing proposing by the present invention, can adopt the people known component, as other the control system that can adopt the control element that simulation and numeral show and utilize that present technology can make.

Also can make the power consumption at output 71 and 72 places feed back to control device 75 by lead 76 as regulated quantity, then, come regulation voltage according to power consumption: the rated value that mixes up electric current with conditioning equipment 77 in advance, then by means of a comparator, with compare by the current values that lead 76 records by current measure device 79, resulting difference promptly can be used for voltage regulating device 80 is regulated, and according at above-mentioned electric field 59, the actual current value that current measuring device 79 is determined in 61 or 74 are regulated voltage, when it equals rated current that adjusting device 77 presets till.Clearly, if electric field 59 or 61 separately the output by lead and power supply 65 link, and electric field 59 or 61 or 74 all is provided with the measurement mechanism 75 of a special use, then is good.In order to be defined as constituting electric field 59,61 and 74 needed current ratings exactly, in other words, in the time of need being connected with the regulating circuit of an adjustable voltage in order to produce a default electric field, just can in pipe 81, place some measurement mechanisms 82 in different distance or the degree of depth place with respect to ground surface, so that antianode 69,70,73 and 66 is measured.These measurement mechanisms 82 are by a lead 83, also can each measurement mechanism separately by the lead of a special use, link with adjusting device 75.These measure measurement mechanisms 82 and are mainly used in and measure between each soil layer, perhaps between positive potential or negative potential part soil, and perhaps the interelectrode resistance that is provided with in addition as male or female.

According to each resistance value, perhaps its inverse-electric conductivity value just can be stipulated out the necessary magnitude of voltage of decision electric field power consumption.Like this, just can provide corresponding energy to electric field by means of voltage regulating device 30 so that can carry sufficient nutrient, liquid and (or) ion.Clearly, these measurement mechanisms 82 also can be used for determining electric field 59 and 61, perhaps 74,60 power consumption and (or) voltage and (or) other parameter.

Additional advantage is, in the plant growing soil layer at root 5 places of plant 1, also can place device for measuring moisture 84.This device equally also can be attached to control device 75(for example comparator 78 or voltage regulating device 80).According to the supply of nutrient and liquid or ion, can regulate electric field power consumption and (or) voltage and (or) corresponding field intensity, the clogging that causes taking place to avoid in soil layer 7, injecting too much moisture, nutrient or ion.This phenomenon will be destroyed the course of conveying of infiltration moisture between electric field positive potential district and negative potential district.

From foregoing embodiment, can recognize, two electric fields only, for example electric field 59 and 60 has just enough been used, and in the utmost point dry ground earth of poorly conductive, then can place the more electric field of more illustrated electric number.How to have placed the electrode of anodize, and where as the scope of electric field positive potential, can lead or resistance is determined according to different electricity.Equally, also might be with various measurement mechanisms, as device for measuring moisture 84, and be used for measuring voltage current intensity or electricity is led and the measurement mechanism 82 of similar parameters, the situation according to anode 69 and 70 etc. is positioned in the different pipe 81.

In addition, also might make electric field 60 become " active system ".In this system, anode 66 and electrode 67 will be attached on the power supply 65, and this power supply can be equipped with control device 75, also this device can be housed.

Fig. 6 schematically shows the power consumption of certain electric field and the characteristic curve of voltage.The electrode that the ordinate of this figure has been represented anodize is 6 distance overhead.Voltage and current value on abscissa, have then been marked.As previously mentioned, electric field 59 will be represented with irregular lines through soil layers 58, soil layer 57 and their interface of soil layer 7(from underground water 10 in not being subjected to the zone that electric field 60 disturbs), expand to electrode 67 places of anodize.So corresponding electricity can be shown leads or resistance value.The electric conductivity value maximum of underground water place layer, anode 70 and the voltage difference that rises between the electrode 67 of cathodic process are 12 volts, 59(sees Fig. 5 at electric field) in voltage response (characteristic curve 85 among the figure) then have relatively little voltage drop.What here at first will consider is exactly, in the coastal area, the underground water major part is the mixing water of salt water and fresh water especially, and contains more salinity, like this, its electric conductivity value is just very big, and just its resistance is very little, when field operation, cause electronegative alkali by electrochemical action, be anion and hydroxyl ion, for example, CI ^-, NO ^- ₃, BO ^3- ₄, SO ^2- ₄, HCO ^- ₃, COO ^-, OH ^-, and CH ^- ₃, be transferred in the positive potential zone of electric field, i.e. the direction at anode place motion, and deposition is gone down there.Like this, when work, salt just enters in the underground water 10 of anode region, so in the soil horizon of accepting underground water 10, it is 3～4 that its electricity is led the pH value that will increase usually in these soil horizons.Like this, except the advantage of having stated, also having another advantage is might reduce because the salinization intensity of the plant growing soil layer that saliferous too much causes in the irrigation water.

Owing to can control the power consumption of each electric field, so just might (have also considered that other kinds that in electric field, exist often deposit resistance) with energy required between each electrode, promptly peace * volt * time remains in the scope of certain setting, can provide enough big power so that for infiltration moisture content and for carrying nutrient.Concerning carrying liquid and nutrient and ion, the required quantity of electric charge (enclosed pasture=peace * time) between electrode at first importantly, clearly, in the process with penetration mode conveying moisture, the electric current in the transmission power is definitely important.Yet, need consider that also in the required energy, only some is converted into transmission power between the electrode, the remainder of energy, a part is converted into heat, and another part is used to overcome increased resistance.The mutual effect of " electrode and soil property " like this as same polarization, can be eliminated the clogging of water and ion in the soil layer 7.The example of this respect is, when liquid and nutrient are arranged in the electric field of negative potential, in the time of promptly in the scope that cathode electrode works, just need increase transmission power.What is interesting is, Study of Electric Field is shown that by plant, part is by diffusion, other zones (wherein not having negative electrode) can be drained and be reached to liquid, nutrient and ion from the negative potential zone of electric field.These zones are between two mutually parallel negative electrodes.

Also can find out from characteristic curve 85, illuvial horizon the driest, that water penetration is good has very big resistance, and particularly soil layer 58, has so just correspondingly produced very big voltage drop, on the contrary, contain moisture with better conductivity closely in the soil layer 7 and 57 on surface 6 voltage drop but very little.12 volts of voltages in aforesaid embodiment are so selected: lead according to resistance or the electricity measured, by characteristic curve 86 as can be known the power consumption in the electric field 59 be 2 peaces.The energy and the field intensity of trying to achieve thus in the electric field 59 are enough big, and this energy is enough to guarantee to produce conveying nutrient and the needed potential energy of liquid.This energy is enough to make liquid to overcome gravity, from the soil layer depths with liquid " lifting " to the soil layer of upper strata, and this highly pressurised liquid is delivered to root 5 places of plant 1.In the process that nutrient and liquid are upwards carried, may this thing happens, when promptly nutrient, liquid and ion are through regional between the electrode 67, but elsewhere flow away, also might be siphoned away by other kind deep rooting plant.Therefore, the nutrient of carrying to high-rise soil layer from underground water 10 and the amount of liquid should be some more than the needs of the root 5 place soil layers of plant 1, to guarantee providing enough nutrients to plant 1.Electric field by cascade produces for fear of taking place, and makes the phenomenon of current direction elsewhere in the contiguous soil layer of ground surface, just should make every effort to accomplish to make other electric fields 60,61 power consumption under any circumstance littler.The nutrient between this power consumption and the anode of laying at the anode of deep layer and closely surperficial 6 places and the loss amount of liquid are corresponding.Under the situation of previous embodiments, in the soil layer 58 below soil layer 57, be placed with the anode 69 of electric field 61.In soil layer 58, the nutrient of upwards being carried and the loss amount of liquid are very little, so, shown in characteristic curve 87, the power consumption in electric field 61, it is quite little comparing with the power consumption in electric field 59, for example is 1.5 peaces.Because electrode 67 and the resistance between the anode 69 in electric field 61 are quite little, thereby, shown in characteristic bent 88 like that, the voltage that between this anode and electrode, applies, it is quite little comparing with the voltage that applies in electric field 59.Because soil layer 57, even comprise that also soil layer 7 has absorbed a large amount of liquid, there is partially liq to be absorbed in the soil layer of 67 at electrode by capillarity, also have, partially liq, nutrient and ion are absorbed by deep rooting plant, therefore, the power consumption in the electric field 60 that is made of anode 66 and electrode 67 can be very little.In aforesaid embodiment, can obtain from characteristic curve 89, be approximately 0.6 peace.This is in order to prevent the phenomenon that nutrient and liquid are transported in termination to take place in this part soil.On the other hand, also need guarantee to carry and not interrupt, and the amount of carrying should be enough with the needs of the root place soil that satisfies plant 1.Because the electric current in electric field 60 scopes is quite little, therefore the voltage between its anode and cathode electrode also is very little.For this reason, making anode and cathode electrode, and just may form voltage difference when being positioned over them in the electrolyte, and be produced as formation electric field 60 needed enough big electric currents with different metal.

Must spell out, concerning an embodiment, the problem that it is wanted is to choose current intensity and voltage.This problem will give briefly bright, so that the inner link of the method and apparatus role that proposes to essence of the present invention and by the present invention has a better understanding.Can be from here on earlier, promptly in each unit interval, equal the electro-osmosis flow parameter and multiply by soil than resistance owing to electric field action has produced chemosmotic amount of liquid, multiply by interelectrode total current again.Do not consider that here some power line also reaches side downwards and departs from, therefore, in fact effect of electric field power and consequent electro-osmosis flowing liquid amount will diminish, in addition, the distribution situation of electric field is also influential to the conveying capacity of liquid and nutrient.For the sake of simplicity, available apparent charge method head it off.Problem can be handled usually like this, can determine electromotive force with respect to the distribution situation of plane conductor according to point charge.

In the real work of the method and apparatus that adopts the present invention to propose, need to consider that so promptly each electric field all intersects in the plane or spatially, so just can obtain the different value of relevant voltage and power consumption.So the present invention never is confined to the given voltage and current value of curve among Fig. 6, but should use the actual conditions of point to determine by each.

The particularly advantageous embodiment of shown in Figure 7 another, the characteristics of the method and apparatus that this scheme and the present invention propose do not have essential distinction.With the represented electric field 92 of power line 91, between anode electrode 93 and cathode electrode 94, produce among this figure.This electric field is by power supply 65 energizes.Illustrated as the method and apparatus to aforesaid each embodiment, moisture is that the effect by electric field 92 is transported to electrode 94, perhaps reaches anode 93 at least and rises within the zone between the electrode 94 of cathodic process.In aforesaid embodiment, what utilized is exactly this effect.And in the present embodiment, can use one, and the feeder sleeve 95 of the drainpipe transformation of the way for example perhaps has the feeder sleeve in hole to the small part position, and perhaps segmentation feeder sleeve with holes is carried a kind of liquid that contains ion and nutritive salt.This kind liquid can be carried under pressure by pump 97.Liquid and nutritive salt can flow out (schematically illustrating with arrow 99) from the porose position 98 of feeder sleeve 95, and inject the soil layer 7 at root 5 places of plant 1.In order to prevent that moisture is under action of gravity, vertically drain to anhydrous soil layer (usually, can think that liquid filter speed is its speed) in go, and maintenance moisture wherein, then should be according to because the flowing velocity of water in soil that the pressure differential of fluid produces, managing to produce and a kind ofly equate at least, in most cases, is higher electro-osmotic filtration device speed.The electro-osmosis speed of this water can be produced by electric field 92.The liquid that flows out in the aperture 98 can be retained in the electric field with this way, a positive-ion sheath is arranged on the globule in the electric field, on the soil particle surface, then have unnecessary anion.Like this, positively charged water carrier will be shifted to cathode electrode 94 along the power line in the electric field.Like this, hydrone just can freely be removed to fixing soil particle.This just means, has formed electric current and liquid stream between the electrode of an anode and a cathodic process.Moisture can be delivered in this way in the soil at root 5 places of plant 1, and be absorbed by root and process.Above-mentioned physical process also can be used for explaining the phenomenon of carrying liquid in the electro-osmosis mode in other embodiments that the present invention proposes naturally.

Can replace cathode electrode 94 or other electrodes (seeing figure) with feeder sleeve 95, a conductive layer 131 can be installed on the feeder sleeve, this conductive layer can be made by the plastics of conduction, and like this, feeder sleeve itself has promptly constituted cathode electrode.

Embodiment can clearly be seen that thus, and plant growing zone person soil layer 7 also can inject underground water, liquid and the nutrient from deep stratum.Do following advantage like this, at first, concerning the high temperature area, sentencing the electro-osmosis mode from deep stratum is useless to the way of soil layer 7 conveying moisture, and the way that can use the artificial water application is to replenish very high water consumption.This method also may remain on liquid soil layer 7, promptly in top soil or the humus soil layer.Like this, just can stop moisture soon to the sedimentation of depths, stratum in this way in the area of ground surface moisture abundance.The result of sedimentation often makes the insufficient water of plant.

Have in the embodiment of special benefits at this, can be with the electrode of placing in the positive potential soil in the electric field, and the electrode of placing in the negative potential soil, with large-area netted conductor or the large-area net manufacturing of generate.This device is specially adapted to need to keep the area of moisture in the plant growing soil layer, at first be the greenhouse.The water that this class greenhouse can keep watering is no longer to the sedimentation of depths, stratum, and can cultivate plant on a large scale with supply the market.And between two mesh electrodes, whether need to install in addition be used to carry liquid, nutrient and (or) feeder sleeve of ion, be unessential.

Shown in Figure 8 is according to the proposed method and installs another embodiment that designs, and this scheme can produce electric field 100(with power line 101 expressions).This electric field is made of negative potential district 102 and positive potential district 103.The electrode of this electric field is such: stick electrode 104 is the metals by the high negative potential in the electrochemistry, for example magnesium is made, its end is positioned at relatively surperficial 6 places, also be the positive potential zone, and the other end is with by inertia more or have the covering 105 that the metal of negative potential (as wherein containing the plastics of carbon) is more made.Because the different formed potential differences of the potential value of different metal in electrochemistry, to between positive potential district 103 and negative potential district 102, produce electric current, simultaneously just form the liquid that carries out in the electro-osmosis mode and the course of conveying of nutrient in the root area 106 of tree 107.So just, the ion and the liquid-conveying amount of nutrient absorbing amount and root area have been increased.Meanwhile, because the electrochemical decomposition process will take place in rod 104, so free magnesium that produced, they will be collected in root 106 places, this will strengthen natural potential (tree point current potential always more negative than the current potential of tree root), and the ill-effect of the acid (particularly falling under the situation of acid rain) by the surface water infiltration will alleviate (this acid will be decomposed magnesium) therefrom.In order to produce, then can on the surface of rod 104, overlap last layer wrinkle film 107 more or less with electro-osmosis mode transporting water, liquid or nutrient desired power.Use this layer film, not only can prevent because rod directly contacts the strong corrosion effect that is produced with plastics covering 105, and can control the size of current in the electric field 100.

The research that this actual electric field that is produced by bar-shaped anode and electrode carries out is pointed out, might be solved because the problem that the extensive forest that environment causes is damaged.From another angle, the quantity delivered that improves moisture, nutrient and ion can not make tree not bear, and can not upset its chemical oxidation and reduction process yet.Like this, just, can address the above problem with the method that improves nutrient and ion quantity delivered.

Rod 204 is generally a circular cross section.Moulding covering 105 opposites one end, rod 104 can have a tip, so that it can be knocked in the soil.For the effect of wrinkle film and synthetic material covering being clearly illustrated out, the rod 104 among Fig. 8 draws with cross section.Also should illustrate, when soil electric conductivity is fine (for example the moist humus soil layer in the forest comes to this), then needn't be necessarily rod (integral type electrode) be embedded to the root area of tree, but rod might be driven in the soil in area between the tree.No matter all it should be noted under which kind of situation: rod 104 should be driven in the soil so far: plastics covering 105, perhaps the cathode portion of the rod that is made of the high metal of potential value should contact good with ground surface 6.

Figure 9 shows that method of the present invention and install 108 and be applied to the wilderness situation in when area.Be depicted as the vertical cross section figure on a stratum.The air of such kind of area and sunlight temperature are very high.At first, plant is done to describe.Under+45 ℃ of humidity, green plants can not normally grow up fully.For this reason, many plant-palms have just been planted, in order that produce tree shade, so that can plant other plant betwixt later on fine drag.Palm also has additional advantage, and promptly its leaf area is very big, and is also very high, so just it treetop and the stratum between formed a very distinctive electric field, its treetop is exactly the negative potential district of this electric field.Like this, palm just can be sentenced the electro-osmosis mode with water from deep stratum and upwards draw by means of the electrical property of itself inherence.As shown in Figure 9, kind is implanted with plant 110 between palm 109.When the root 111 to plant 110 provides nutrient, require to take some measures, for example, can only form an electric field, this electric field extends to cathode electrode 112 places from underground water 10.The water that major part is drawn up will be drawn away by the strong electro-osmotic effects of dark root and palm 109.Mostly remaining water is that deficiency thinks that plant 110 is used.In this case, aforesaid electric field cascade arrangement mode also presents another advantage.At this moment anode electrode 113 all is attached on the power supply 114 with electrode 112.Flow to palm after also have residue in order to make liquid, nutrient and ion this moment, and can supply with plant 110 with the amount of abundance, then at electrode 112 with roughly between the anode 116 of palm 109 root area arrangement, preferably constitutes electric field 115.Preferably adopt what is called " passive system " at this,, produce electric field and electric current promptly by the electrochemical properties of anode 116.In major part the stratum of moisture being arranged, also is that this system can produce electric field in the good stratum of electric conductivity.So just produced another pumping effect, this effect is more strong than the pumping effect that palm 109 produces.So just, have at least a part of nutrient (directly not absorbed) can supply with the root 111 of plant 110 by the root of palm 109.The another one significant advantage of this system is: when adopting " passive system ", because electrode 112 directly links to each other with anode 116, so a kind of effect of short-circuit conductor is talked about by this system to buried anode 113, like this, the negative potential district of electric field 117 just overlaps with the zone of influence of the electric field 115 that is formed by anode 116, so just, can have influence on the electric field 115 that forms by it by suitably placing 116, thereby just may be with more nutrient, liquid or ion from underground water 10, along the conveying that hoists of the direction towards plant 110 roots 111.

Figure 10 shows that the electrode 118 that can be used as negative electrode, it is made of net.This electrode can be connected with power supply 121 with a lead 120, and power supply links with an anode electrode 122 again.Anode 122 can be made of a metal bar 123, and the plastics 124 of its also available one deck conduction coat.

Net 112 can be made of single lead 125,126, and weaves into net form, or is connected to one on the net or be wound into one on the net, has so just constituted a distribution conductor.Conductor 125,126 can be made by a kind of high-intensity conductive plastics.For example, can make, perhaps make of a kind of acrylic acid salt that has network polymers of a kind of duroplasts with macromolecular organization.Can implanting flexible carrier line 127(in plastics make of carbon or metal), above the general one deck silver 128 that coat more.This carrier material need be implanted to a part of conductor 125 at least, 126(weaves into the net 119 that connects with lead 120 by them) in, so that improve its electric conductivity.

From Figure 10, can clearly be seen that, also the carrier 12 of being made by carbon or metal 7 can be implanted to any plastics, for example in polyamide, acrylic acid salt, polyester or the analog, with the conductor 125,126 of making net 119.In this case, net is also implantable in a kind of plastics 129 of conduction (seeing Figure 11).This structure of net except having large-area conductive capability, also has very high mechanical strength.Like this, both made be embedded in plant growing soil layer or the stratum after, when pressing the soil of this online face when operating machine, net can not misplace or be out of shape yet.

Figure 11 shows that conductor 125, it is made up of many carrier lines 127 and ordinary lines.Be coated with silver layer 128 on the conductor 125, and be implanted to plastics 129(and for example have big molecular duroplasts, perhaps at least a portion has been made netted acrylic acid salt) in.

Plastics 129 used in the present invention have the following advantages: it contains the synthetic resin dispersant of sneaking into by a certain amount of, synthetic resin solvent or have the synthetic resin of metal-to-metal adhesive (or solvent) or have the synthetic resin of two property metal-to-metal adhesives (or solvent) so just makes the molecule of synthetic resin be similar to the atom of metal or two property metals.Also adding a little reductants slightly or, can contain metal or two property metallic atom in the resin through mixing through after the common thermolysis.With form or after existing ion is rinsed, can sneak into dispersant, solvent or graphite granule or carbon black and further process.This plastics in use have surprising effect: can bear very big machinery and thermal stress.In addition, because its electric conductivity does not depend on that the conductive particle body 130(of the disperse that contains in the plastics is shown in the 129 part portion faces of the plastics among the figure), that is to say, be not to conduct electricity by the conductive particle body in the plastics, but conduct electricity by the silver ion in the big plastic molecules space, so, owing to the reduction of the silver ion in the plastics has semi-conductive performance.Behind the graphite powder of adding 40% in plastics, just can make the performance of this conductive plastics, satisfy requirement as the distribution conductor that proposes by the present invention.

The details of these class plastics are described in austrian patent NO.313588.

These class plastics not only have chemistry and electrochemical stability, and have very high ageing resistace, because there is not ion in them, thereby what variation do not take place under the function of current.

Aforesaid plastics can Fig. 1 do to the embodiment shown in Figure 9 cathode electrode and (or) anode electrode, and prove that in practical study work its performance is good.Another advantage of this plastics is to have very high surface attachment and rough surface, and like this, heavy metal ion and the anion that dissociates out from salt all can be attached on this kind frostings, thereby just do not have this class ion in the plant growing district.

In category of the present invention, also may will longitudinally fix by the electrode that conductor 125,126 constitutes by means of locating rack, like this, after it was embedded in the stratum, just can make the distance between these conductors was uniform substantially.In this way, yet just can make conductor be netted or grid-like, mainly on vertical electric conductivity of each conductor, also have any different.The purpose of the present embodiment is, the interconnection at a certain distance of each conductor, so that when a certain conductor opens circuit, can produce a kind of bypass action of the conductor that distributes, also has the another one advantage, be conductor and be implanted to conductor in the mesh electrode,, therefore when distortion, can not produce screen resilience owing to be to make by the carrier material line of high flexibility and internal stress free.

Label is explained

1, plant

2, trunk

3, branch

4, soil

5, root

6, ground surface

7, soil layer

8, soil layer

9, soil layer

10, underground water

11, groundwater level

12, device

13, power line

14, uniform electric field

15, constant-current supply

16, output

17, electrode

18, output

19, conductor

20, electrode

21, arrow

22, electrode

23, uniform electric field

24, power line

25, arrow

26, electrode

27, electrode

28, lead

29, uniform electric field

30, power line

31, electrode

32, lead

33, electrode

34, electrode

35, arrow

36, uniform electric field

37, uniform electric field

38, uniform electric field

39, plant

40, electrode

41, electrode

42, consumable anode

43, nutritive salt

44, insecticide

45, root

46, electrode

47, negative electrode

48, magnesium ion

49, rain

50, humus soil layer

51, foreign ion

52, electrode

53, magnesium

54, magnesium sulfate

55, boric acid

56, device

57, soil layer

58, soil layer

59, electric field

60, electric field

61, electric field

62, power line

63, power line

64, power line

65, power supply

66, anode

67, electrode

68, lead

69, anode

70, anode

71, output

72, output

73, anode

74, electric field

75, control device

76, conductor

77, adjusting device

78, comparator

79, current measuring device

80, voltage regulating device

81, pipe

82, measurement mechanism

83, conductor

84, device for measuring moisture

85～90, characteristic curve

91, power line

92, electric field

93, anode

94, negative electrode

95, feed pipe

96, liquid

97, pump

98, hole

99, arrow

100, electric field

101, power line

102, voltage belt

103, voltage belt

104, rod

105, plastic packets coating

106, root

107, wrinkle film

108, device

109, palm

110, plant

111, root

112, electrode

113, anode

114, power supply

115, electric field

116, anode

117, electric field

118, negative electrode

119, net

120, wiring system

121, power supply

122, anode

123, metal bar

124, plastic material

125, conductor

126, conductor

127, carrier material

128, contracted payment layer

129, plastic material

130, conducting particles

131, covering

Claims (32)

1, a kind of different parts plant, (or) produce the method for uniform electric field between the different parts of soil of plantation plant, it is characterized by: in soil, carry on the direction of plant nutrient and moisture, there is certain distance in the negative potential district of electric field and the positive potential district of electric field, have electric energy therebetween.

2, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized by: the resistance of the electric energy that has in the electric field and two potential regions of electric field is relevant with the distribution of electric field, it is greater than the potential energy of carrying nutrient and moisture, and electric-field intensity changes along with the negative potential district to electric field carries the amount of moisture and ion and the moisture that should distinguish and the ratio between the ion consumption.

3, according to claim 1 or 2 methods that propose, it is characterized by: when the moisture in negative potential district and (or) amount of ion more for a long time, can be according to default rated value, reduce electric-field intensity and (or) power consumption, when this value more after a little while, then can improve electric-field intensity and (or) power consumption, at power consumption after a little while, voltage preferably is no more than 30 volts.

4, the method that proposes according to claim 1～3, it is characterized by: after electric field forms and between the negative potential district of electric field and positive potential district moisture and ion is transmitted, can select electric-field intensity make the infiltration capacity that realizes in the electro-osmosis mode be substantially equal to or greater than in soil because the settling amount of the water that hydraulic pressure was produced.

5, the method that proposes according to claim 1～4 is characterized by: electric-field intensity, particularly voltage, will according to the salt content in the positive potential district of electric field and (or) pH value reduces.

6, the method that proposes according to claim 1～5, it is characterized by: a plurality of negative potentials district is arranged, they are parallel with ground surface, certain distance is arranged to each other, within these negative potential districts, can by means of plant and (or) remove moisture and ion in these zones for the diffusion of soil between the negative potential district.

7, the method that proposes according to claim 1～6 is characterized by: the anode of in the positive potential district of electric field, placing, be contained in vertical with the ground surface basically pipe, and this pipe is placed in below the negative potential district of electric field, and distance to each other is different.

8, the method that proposes according to claim 1～7 is characterized by: below the negative potential district of electric field, be parallel to ground surface and negative potential district with the different distance anode of placing that staggers each other.

9, the method that proposes according to claim 1～8, it is characterized by: in the negative potential district of electric field, at least place a large tracts of land mesh electrode that constitutes by conductor, different distance place below this electrode is placed with anode, can apply different voltage to this electrode, the conductor material and the electrode that connect anode are to be made by the material high than the electrochemistry potential value of anode.

10, according to the method for claim 1～9, it is characterized by: contain magnesium in the anode.

11, according to the method for claim 1～10, it is characterized by: at the negative electrode in the negative potential district that is positioned over electric field be placed in the voltage that is applied between the anode in positive potential district of electric field, should and the soil at their places between electricity lead adaptively, in the high soil of salt amount concentration, voltage should be little.

12, according to the method for claim 1～11, it is characterized by: the electrode (anode) that contains magnesium is positioned in the plant root district in the soil, the electrode that anode is settled by lead and the plant part above the ground surface links, can produce a uniform electric field between these two electrodes, like this, the plant part of ground surface top can show negative polarity.

13, according to the method for claim 1～12, it is characterized by: the electrode that is placed in the deep stratum and links with the positive pole of power supply, and be placed in the plant growing district and and the electrode that links of the negative pole of power supply between will produce a uniform electric field, the electrode that contains magnesium will be placed between these two electrodes by lead and stable power binding, and link, thereby can produce another uniform electric field with the electrode that is placed in the plant growing district and link with the negative pole of power supply, make by the high-potential material in the electrochemistry.

14, according to the method for claim 13, it is characterized by: the electrode of laying in the positive potential district of electric field, can contain the magnesium conductor by what be arranged essentially parallel to ground surface, for example, wire rod or wire netting constitute.

15, according to the method for claim 13 or 14, it is characterized by: the positive potential district and the negative potential district that will be positioned at below the face of land with the distance that approximates plant height greatly separate each other, be positioned over the electrode in these two districts, preferably the large tracts of land net of being made by conductor constitutes, be placed with between the stratum of electrode, can be delivered into moisture and (or) nutrient and (or) nutritive salt.

16, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized by: an electrode can be placed to the root of tree, at this moment, lay an electrode that contains magnesium in the darker soil of ground surface, and closely the surface soil in, can lay a kind of in electrochemistry the high metal of its potential value.

17, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized by: having considered to have two positive potential districts at least, they are different with the distance in the negative potential district of electric field, in the negative potential district of electric field and near the voltage that is applied between its positive potential district is regulation like this, and promptly the electric current between them is equal to or less than negative potential district and electric current from its electric field positive potential interval far away.

18, realization is according to the device of the method for claim 1～17, can be in the different piece of plant, (or) form the device of a uniform electric field between the soil different piece of plant place, it is characterized by: in negative potential district and positive potential district, one electrode is at least respectively arranged, (or) and the power supply that links of electrode, the adjusting device of voltage and current between an adjustable economize on electricity field intensity and two electrodes.

19, can realize device according to the method for claim 1～18, can be in the different piece of plant, (or) between the different piece of plant place soil, produce the device of a uniform electric field, it is characterized by: have at least an electrode to constitute by at least one netted conductor, its area is very big, the conductor of electrode is made by conductive plastics, or outside coating one deck conductive plastics, wherein also must put into carrier material, or carbon silk, or wire, in this case, the conductive plastics clad, what resemble a kind of duroplasts, have a kind of macromolecular organization, for example, in the acrylic acid resin of network polymers is arranged, it has very high electric conductivity, has very little contact resistance with soil.

20, according to the device of claim 18 or 19, it is characterized by: electrode, especially negative electrode in the negative potential district on surface closely are placed in the plant growing soil horizon between plant root and the ground surface.

21, according to the device of claim 18～20, it is characterized by: the electrode of in the vitellarium of plant, laying, several negative electrodes parallel to each other have been constituted, pass through conductor system, they and the electrode, particularly anode that are placed on the diverse location place, electrode below in the positive potential district couple together, in this case, make two electrodes the electrochemistry current potential value difference that metal had and (or) energy that provides by power supply and default nominal electric field with (or) specified power consumption is corresponding.

22, according to the device of claim 18～21, it is characterized by: the electrode of being laid in positive potential district and negative potential district is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of power supply respectively, and this power supply is furnished with a control device, and it can be adjusted at the device for measuring moisture that the negative potential district is provided with.

23, according to the device of claim 18～22, it is characterized by: the electrode in the negative potential district and a plurality ofly be placed in electrode in the positive potential district with different depth, between (being anode), be provided with the water supply conduit of making by drainpipe, it can by pressure carry moisture and (or) nutrient and (or) ion, it is connected with the control device of power supply (this install for this reason drainpipe and be equipped with a volume control device and a pressure apparatus).

24, according to the device of claim 18～23, it is characterized by: on the pipe that anode (promptly being positioned at the electrode in positive potential district) is housed, can lay measurement mechanism, this measurement mechanism can be used for measuring electric field power consumption and (or) voltage and (or) characteristic of resistance.The place at their places distance overhead is different and be connected with control device.

25, according to the device of claim 18～24, it is characterized by: the control device of power supply is by a current measuring device, an one current rating adjusting device and a voltage regulating device are formed, when the power consumption of electric field is higher or lower than current rating, can pass through voltage-operated device, voltage is reduced or improves.

26, according to the device of claim 18～25, it is characterized by: at the electrode of laying the positive potential district, promptly particularly contain between the anode and its surrounding soil of magnesium, can place a film, this film can have certain moisture penetration value according to the rated consumption of anode.

27, according to the device of claim 18～26, it is characterized by: the electrode of placing in the positive potential district (22,26,31,41,52) contains magnesium (53), they are by lead (28,32) or directly link with the electrode (27,33,34,46) that is positioned over electric field negative potential district, and the electrode that is placed in electric field negative potential district is with the material making of high potential value in the electrochemistry.

28, according to the device of claim 18～27, it is characterized by: the electrode (22,26,31,41,52) that contains magnesium (53), it is anode, can be positioned over the root area of plant (1,39), perhaps be positioned at the electrode (27,33,34,46) in negative potential district, promptly between the soil in negative electrode and this district.

29, according to the device of claim 18～28, it is characterized by: the anode that is made of the electrode that contains magnesium is clavate, direct and the high material of an electrochemistry potential value of one end, for example carbon class material connects, this class material can be coated on the anode, can overlap the last layer insulating barrier at the connecting portion of this two electrode, for example the wrinkle film, this stick electrode can be buried this degree of depth in the root area of tree, and promptly the material of electrochemistry high potential value partly is positioned at the ground surface place.

30, according to the device of claim 18～29; it is characterized by: in containing the electroplax of magnesium (22,26,31,41,52), can add into plant protection product and (or) nutrient and (or) nutritive salt (43) and (or) polarization agent, for example boric acid (55), arsenic, copper and analog etc.

31, according to the device of claim 18～30, it is characterized by: the material that adds in containing the electrode of magnesium (22,26,41,52) can make it present the pH value of an alkalescence.

32, according to the device of claim 18～31, it is characterized by: a grafting position is arranged between two electrodes, and the electrode that contains magnesium is connected with the plant branch of grafting, so just can carry nutrient to the grafting position.

Images