CN85104117B - Separator using centrifugal force - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of novel separator using centrifugal force, in order to the capes grain, husk is separated in dust and other foreign substances from air, compares this invention with known so far cyclone separator and has improved pure air greatly.Core point of the present invention is the design of pre-separator (2); Utilize high mental and physical efforts, external impurity is concentrated on the outside of separator and be transported to a dust catcher (3) that is directly installed on below the separator.In addition,, combine, can produce a kind of strong separation and discharge (in other cases to all external impurity) cereal with a rectilinear air intake passage (21) according to our example.

Description

Separator using centrifugal force

The invention relates to a whizzer, it is used for separating capes grain, husk, dust and other impurity from air, this separator has a pre-separation chamber, raw gas inlet along the tangent line configuration, the columnar fixedly shunting grid and a clean gas outlet that is connected with the shunting grid of concentric fits within it.

In decades, whizzer successfully is applied in flour mill and the feed-processing plant's scope.The great advantage of traditional as can be seen cyclone separator is that its simplicity of design and air drag are lower.Cyclone separator is normally vertically installed or is a minute angle in a kind of little ordinary mode and installs.Separated object is taken in inferior segment and separated object is discharged by a product lock.Air enters cyclone separator in last district along tangent line, and through after the several times eddy motions, air leaves cyclone separator and discharges by the so-called pipe that runs through going up most district center, and this runs through pipe and is installed in the cyclone separator with inserted mode.

The major defect of this cyclone separator is that the efficient of dust-separating is lower.In actual motion, in cyclone separator, can produce the secondary vortices fluid of a plurality of changes, because the variation of air pressure instability and dust in air content, so influenced the raising of separation degree.Find also that in addition cyclone separator has another shortcoming, it is quite a lot of that the dust content of the air of discharging in flour and feed-processing plant exceeds legal permissible norm.The air of discharging from cyclone separator in factory must purify again by filter before draining into atmosphere.

Up to now, people have proposed a lot of suggestions improving cyclone separator, but all the other all fail to reach competition test except that indivedual several cyclone separators in actual use.One of them is at DE-PS the 1st, 078, describes in 859.The whizzer of a kind of trunnion axis of this case application.This technical solution comprises two whizzer, i.e. a main separator and an auxiliary air separator.Main separator designs curl and approximate ring-type, the raw gas inlet forms along tangent line.In fact outside air layer is stripped from " end " on volute opposite and is imported a much smaller auxiliary air separator, and (the same with traditional cyclone separator) clean air and dust is split into two ends in separator in auxiliary air separator.The advantage of this piece-rate system is that the pressure loss is very little, and its shortcoming also is the separation rate deficiency.

Recently, what we had observed a kind of design specialized clarifier becomes 1, for example, at the flour mill of a large amount of air of needs, as the air re-circulation machine, as british patent specification GB-PS1, illustrated in 536, No. 905.Owing to two reasons, the air re-circulation machine needs cleaner air.If in the air of circulation, be mingled with a large amount of dusts, just can exist article that the danger of continuous germ contamination takes place like this, in particular for human consumption's raw material.If dirt and dust are arranged in the circulating air, just entire machine can be stopped up by dust at short notice.Machine might break down in this case, or will more clear up machine.

The quality requirement of circulating air can not resemble the legal industrial waste gas that drains into atmosphere require height, but empirical evidence, the usefulness that this requirement is far from known centrifugal cyclone separator can reach.

The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of whizzer, this separator provides the dust separation rate more much better than existing cyclone separator, and it is more favourable aspect the pressure loss and designing technique, this separator is applicable to and separates the capes grain, other impurity in husk and dust and the cereal, and be specially adapted to combine for use in so-called air recycle system with other cereal purifications and processing machine.

Technical solution of the present invention is characterised in that: whizzer comprises a centrifugal pre-separation chamber " X " externally in order to recirculation air, and one by the shunting grid, inside, by guarded, do not have a whirlpool air removal unit " Y " significantly.Like this, the problem of setting has just obtained solution in a kind of beat all mode, particularly owing to create the perfect controlled case of two road techniques, has so just obtained very high air plankton separation rate.

The present invention also provides a series of favourable designs that produce therefrom.

The pre-separation chamber provides a kind of particularly advantageous, rounded body basically, this chamber is located immediately at the top of infundibulate gatherer, this gatherer is separated by a crooked split-flow baffles of pre-separation chamber on its top, like this, the air circulation opening of gatherer is retained in two outsides of pre-separation chamber.

New technical solution is directly tested in conjunction with bleed-off passage with chosen in advance dustiness for the first time, and has just shown beat all good result in the test arrangement in the first time, especially about corresponding to those set points in the problem.

The raw gas inlet of arranging along tangent line provides a union elbow along airflow direction for the primary separation chamber.Like this, just for to have done adequate preparation, avoided " stack " eddy current body of a perturbation action at the inlet of pre-separation chamber in the indoor centrifugal effect of pre-separation.In this respect, tangential raw gas inlet will cover the whole length of pre-separation chamber basically, and this point is verified to be particular importance.We find that under many circumstances the effect of the dust-separating that one-sided tangent line enters is very undesirable.Under special situation, for example in the dust-separating mixture, this shortcoming is so not remarkable sometimes.

The best-of-breed technology solution raw gas that finds till now inlet district on the pre-separation chamber, when the air-flow of raw gas when bottom left enters the pre-separation chamber, air-flow moves along the up time direction in that pre-separation is indoor.

If the shunting grid have the ventilative part of a bottom, just can obtain a undisturbed air-flow so, and can obtain especially effectively air and separate impurities.Behind wall envelope district's running half-turn of pre-separation chamber, air is full of all exotics significantly, and thus, this exterior section air-flow can be transferred to all foreign particles the infundibulate gatherer.Two kinds of main power are applied in the gatherer, because the effect of gravity, external particle falls, and centrifugal force here works once more, and this is because all air that flow in the gatherer can flow to into the pre-separation passage at the opposite side of gatherer.Other dust and husk particle can be entrained in the air in this process, and this is unescapable.Yet these particles will drop on the bottom randomly in the second time in the process.

On the inner face of crooked split-flow baffles, the interior section air-flow enters into the space between above-mentioned split-flow baffles and shunting grid.A spot of dust granule and capes grain will be entrained in the interior section air-flow, be inevitable according to statistical rule this point.Purification contains the interior section air-flow of foreign substance, and various further useful design characteristicses are proved to be success.

Like this, the shunting grid just have ventilative opening at inferior segment, and preferably be arranged in the zone of circular bend split-flow baffles.The shunting grid are equipped with the guide vane that is disposed across in fact on the air flow direction, like this, ventilative passage between guide vane is that air-flow has formed one greater than 90 ° channelization angle, thus, preferably design ventilative passage in such a way: the air of discharge does not enter in the shunting grid with will having eddy current.The gatherer air outside has gone out interruption-forming one air backward channel is arranged on the raw gas inlet region.Space preferred design between shunting grid and the circular bend split-flow baffles becomes helical buckling to narrow down, and like this, stretches into the air backward channel space segment between shunting grid and the circular bend split-flow baffles.The shunting grid seal in last district, and its cone of coverage is greater than 180 °, and the purpose of doing like this is to obtain a kind of horizontal no whirlpool air flow.Other suggestion be with the crooked split-flow baffles of circle from shunting grid axis horizontal face, and guide this dividing plate to cover 180 ° from 90 °.At the clean gas outlet side induced-draught fan is installed suitably, and can be arranged a dust emissions lock at the inferior segment of gatherer.

As top mentioned, in conjunction with a cereal suction passage, this new result that whizzer reached is very successful.The problem of setting is that all whole grain should separate with all exogenous impurities by suction passage with the heavy grain grain, that is: husk particle, dirt, dust also have broken and shrivelled grain.Here how up hill and dale the problem that is produced is, isolates the foreign substance of larger amt economically from air.For many years, it is believed that in the processing of these problems it is unfavorable.On these problems, new invention has shown special superiority.

The upper end of rectilinear suction passage preferably has such design feature, with the part of raw gas inlet as the pre-separation chamber.By an air recirculation passageway, the bottom inlet of clean gas outlet with suction passage is connected, like this, suction passage can move with recirculation air.When (dual) adjustment on its angle position and its horizontal direction in a known manner of the rear wall of suction passage, so that the separation that desired grain partly is scheduled in passage and utilize whizzer that remaining grain is partly separated with dust granule with the paddy skin afterwards and obtain optimum efficiency.

The present invention is explained in further detail as follows referring now to two design examples:

Fig. 1 is the simple cross section about a kind of new whizzer.

Fig. 2 be one about among Fig. 1 along the cross section of II-II line.

Fig. 3 has illustrated a kind of combination of suction passage and whizzer.

Fig. 4 has illustrated the section of Fig. 3 along IV-IV line.

Fig. 5 has illustrated another design about air and dust processing.

Referring now to attached Fig. 1 and 2, can clearly be seen that from Fig. 1 the main basic design of whizzer comprises raw gas 1, one a pre-separation chamber 2 of inlet and the funnel shaped gatherer 3 arranged along tangent line.Within pre-separation chamber 2 (this separation chamber is rounded basically).Installed one and be preferably permanent fixing shunting grid 4, it is positioned at the axial inner ends of clean gas outlet 5.Pre-separation chamber 2 is limited by a circular bend split-flow baffles 6 in its bottom, because the effect of this split-flow baffles, the two sides of separation chamber has been divided into two air circulation openings 7 and 8.Split-flow baffles 6(is on Fig. 1 right side) roughly from the level of center line of shunting grid 4, its overlay area surpasses 90 °, so just around the left side in figure.

Split-flow baffles 6 is to make with a kind of simple steel plate, like this, all is identical bending radius to separation chamber 2 with the gatherer two sides.In like manner the lower bound of split-flow baffles 6 can (for example) be designed to arrange along chain-dotted line 10, so that constitute a more violent airflow diversion in gatherer.Gatherer 3 has assembled a conical hopper 11, and a Rotary grate 12 is so that the airtight discharge of dust.

A put-through channel 13 is installed in front at raw gas inlet 1, so that make the air-flow effect of raw gas inlet region reach degree as much as possible stably, it is favourable that this practice has proved, raw gas inlet 1 before pre-separation chamber 2 one nearly 90 ° covering of the fan district separate by a wooden partition 14.

The top of shunting grid 4 is gas impermeable, and is designed to cylinder-shaped coat 15.

Shunting grid 4 have just been installed several guide vanes 16 in its underpart, have formed ventilation hole 17 between two guide vanes 16.Outer section of guide vane 16 forms a favorable current flow direction greater than 90 ° angle.This measure forces air to move along main flow direction.Because action of inertia, tiny dust granule can not move along the direction of change, these fine particles be drawn into one in the zone of air circulation opening 7 and 8 split tunnel 18 and turn back to raw gas once more and enter the mouth in 1 the zone.In entering the process second time, these particles will be brought into gatherer 3 and separated.

Ventilative hole 17 is radially inside, and like this, no whirlpool air-flow inwardly flows, thereby has avoided air-flow to produce any unidirectional status source (any source of unilateral state) in 2 activities of pre-separation chamber.

In Fig. 1, represented an outside centrifugation chamber " x " with hacures.Indoorly produced a kind of strong air circulation at this, like this, dust granule is had an opportunity separated in " D " district repeatedly.The interior envelope chamber that separated chamber " X " is surrounded is called as no whirlpool air outlet " Y ", and envelope is indoor in this has carried out a kind of controllable and protected pure air fully and remained separating between the dust.

Another kind of design example is as shown in Fig. 3 and 4, and wherein, the same rectilinear suction passage of new-type whizzer reasonably works together.This new technology solution is carried out a kind of real selection by means of air for the first time and is separated, and grain quality and all the other is included in grain inferior in the cereal such as fragmentation and shrivelled grain and other undesired earth and foreign substance separates.

For those coarse grain separate impurities greater than grain is to be finished by grading sieve, and stone is to be discharged by a socle material seperator.This two steps work preferably should be finished in advance.

New separation design is actually that new job step by four associatings constitutes.

The A district is a known abscission zone of presorting.Successfully suck at this feed and by one injection air without separated cereal material.All heavy grain grains have all fallen into the bottom, and medium part and undesired light impurity are brought into the B district of suction passage by air draught.Be divided into two parts in the medium part in B district, portion is still very heavy high-quality grain, and what another part was low weight is brought in the pre-separation chamber 2 in C district with air draught together with all the other impurity.

Classification in suction passage, at this point carry out in a known way too, thereby the distribution of air-flow should be adapted to this specific separation task and as target in suction passage: according to the falling speed of individual particle, these particles are thrown different height in the passage by air-flow, and then once fall the bottom.This program can repeatedly repeat if desired, arrives the top or thoroughly drops on the bottom up to particle.

A district and B district unhinderedly link together, and this is because air-flow must be brought into play its effect at this, with air cereal are delivered in the air exactly, and the cleaning exogenous impurity is also sent to separation with this part.The effect in C district and D district is fundamentally different.

New core idea is particularly in such fact: all exogenous impurities should separate in special pre-separation chamber 2 of creating for this purpose as much as possible and should concentrate on outer edge area.Have only this concentrated marginal layer to be driven and enter the D district, enter gatherer, nearly all exogenous impurity here is discharged from by air circulation mouth 7.Because the synergy in C district and D district has just produced a brand-new advantage: for single diffusing confused flour beetle grain, because air-flow has been caught the particle that comes out to enter pre-separation chamber 2 from gatherer 3, grain will be for the second time or for the third time or repeatedly by pre-separation chamber 2 and gatherer 3 like this, separated at last in gatherer 3 up to it.Pre-separation chamber 2 has very high effectiveness, so that has only very little a part of dust just can be crossed shunting grid 4 by the clean gas band.And at this moment these very little a part of dusts can not play interference effect to the entire equipment mainly as air recycle system again.

A kind of system like this and Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4.In this case, do not purify cereal by a feed appliance, promptly a quota ingredient sector 20 is sent into a suction passage 21, and cereal enters a little chamber 23 that sends on by a feed pipe 22.One of eccentric driving device 24 vibration are the feed table of corresponding resiliency supported with it, make like this one uniformly and the cereal layer that on whole length, has a uniform thickness sent into suction passage 21.Air transports by the cereal layer from a recirculation line 26 and enters suction passage 21.One is positioned at suction passage 21 to adjusting 28, because the effect of this wall, the flow section of suction passage 21 on the direction of air current flow and its shape also are adjustable.Suction passage 21 can be below and above have a variable normal cross section (constant cross settion).Can be V-shaped, continue to increase in air current flow direction cross section, perhaps also can continue to dwindle in the cross section under special circumstances.In illustrated recirculating system, a radial fan 30 is directly installed in the zone of a clean gas outlet 29, has so just guaranteed necessary air circulation.All air all return by recirculation air passage 26.The cereal that has purified at this point provides suction air and the undesired air-swirl of panel turnover sluice gate 33 to avoid any interference effect equally in this case by discharging funnel 32 guidings further to transport.Separated impurity is corresponding to carry out by rotating lock 12 guidings, further transporting in accordance with regulations.The big I of air capacity is controlled by the revolution of regulating blower fan per minute kind.Clearly the technical solution among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 also can be similarly partly as recirculating system.Whole device can it has an adjustable air gate by a corresponding air-breathing jockey 34() set up under slight negative pressure.

According to corresponding design alteration shunting grid 4 are rotated.In a kind of like this technical solution, the top (this partial design becomes airtight overcoat 15) that preferably will shunt grid 4 is designed to motionless.

Needn't worry that at those grain returns in the zone of jumping, overcoat 15 can be designed to have the opening for air intake.Verified now, overcoat 15 should enter the mouth from raw gas at least and 1 enter pre-separation chamber 2 and seal to the initiating terminal place of split-flow baffles 6.

Compare with for example technical solution according to Fig. 1, Fig. 5 is different with the former on two interesting features at least.

A vertical passage 40 as Fig. 1, and then has an ancillary chamber 41 as suction passage, like this, sees Fig. 4 from a corresponding recirculation line 26() air part part in passage 40 in ancillary chamber 41, be recycled to pre-separation chamber 2.The definite of optimum air amount can finish by a regulating gate 42.Just can produce the air capacity that the air velocity with in passage 40 and pre-separation chamber 2 an of the best adapts like this, by this way.Adjusting work is finished by a regulating gate 42, and this gate is designed to the form of choke valve, has given explanation by means of two arrows 43 and 44 pairs of these gates.

In addition, the air in pre-separation chamber 2 flows and can control by another gate 45, and its mode is that most of air departs from pre-separation chamber " X " and flows into inner no whirlpool air removal unit.By this way, also unaffected by the air capacity of annular gas vent 5, but the air velocity in separation chamber 18 and air circulation opening 7 is affected; The entrained corresponding dust of air is taken to inside or outside more.Can be on purpose to operating room " X " and " Y " this mode of employing and to its influence, at very difficult separation problem (when for example separating corn), this practice is possible.

Claims (3)

1, be used for separating the capes grain from air, husk, the whizzer of dust and other impurity, comprise the cylindrical shell that has tangential direction dirt gas inflow entrance, guiding device that the center is provided with and the guide vane that is provided with around this device, form air duct, a conical collector is contained in the lower curtate of shell, split-flow baffles be located at guiding device below, on conical collector, an and crooked part around guiding device, form the air circulation space, between its end and shell wall, circulating air is passed through, it is characterized in that: guiding device is made columnar shunting grid 4, make in surpassing 180 ° scope on its top mustn't the air-flow infiltrate, guide vane 16 only is contained in the bottom of shunting grid 4, split-flow baffles 6 begins to extend the angle from 90 ° to 180 ° in the zone of the horizontal central plane of shunting grid 4 axis, guide vane 16 bendings also have interior part and outer part, outer part at the flow direction of circulating current to angle of described inner inclination, part radially is provided with in described, in the zone of the anterior raw gas inlet 1 of conical gatherer 3, be provided with one and make the air that comes out from gatherer 3 turn back to the enter the mouth passage 8 in 1 zone of raw gas.

2, according to the whizzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: blade 16 forms one and tilts one greater than 90 ° angle to the airflow direction that enters air duct 17, and the interior part of guide vane 16 radially is provided with.

3, according to the whizzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: spatially spiral curved narrower between shunting grid 4 and split-flow baffles 6 and air-flow backward channel 8 are connected.

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