CN219086797U - Negative surge protection circuit, power supply system and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Negative surge protection circuit, power supply system and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN219086797U CN219086797U CN202223075103.3U CN202223075103U CN219086797U CN 219086797 U CN219086797 U CN 219086797U CN 202223075103 U CN202223075103 U CN 202223075103U CN 219086797 U CN219086797 U CN 219086797U
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Abstract
The disclosure relates to a negative surge protection circuit, a power supply system and electronic equipment. The negative surge protection circuit comprises a clamping circuit, an anti-reverse circuit and a follow current energy storage circuit; the input end of the clamping circuit is electrically connected with the power input end; the input end of the anti-reflection circuit is electrically connected with the power input end through the output end of the clamping circuit; the output end of the anti-reflection circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit; the output end of the follow current energy storage circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the equipment to be powered; the clamping circuit is used for absorbing surge energy and clamping the voltage to a safe working voltage range of equipment to be powered; the anti-reverse circuit is used for preventing negative surge current from flowing into the equipment to be powered; the reverse withstand voltage value of the anti-reflection circuit is larger than the highest clamping voltage of the clamping circuit. According to the technical scheme, the equipment to be powered can be prevented from being damaged or restarted due to negative pressure impact generated by negative surge current.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of electronic equipment, and in particular relates to a negative surge protection circuit, a power supply system and electronic equipment.
Background
Surge refers to the instantaneous occurrence of a peak exceeding a steady voltage or current value, a severe pulse occurring in a few parts per million seconds. The reasons for the possible surge are short circuits, power supply switching, lightning strokes, etc. Therefore, the power port of the equipment to be powered can generate transient surge voltage interference when hot plug, lightning strike, power grid voltage fluctuation and the like occur. In the related art, a surge protection circuit arranged at a power supply port is a necessary circuit module for ensuring normal operation of electric equipment.
Common surges comprise positive surges and negative surges, and common surge protection technologies only consider clamping voltages in a safe working voltage range, but have weaker bearing capacity on negative surges, and are easy to cause short-time power failure and restarting of equipment. The negative surge protection circuit in the related art has the technical problems of large power consumption, complex circuit structure, large volume, high cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the present disclosure provides a negative surge protection circuit, a power supply system and an electronic device.
The present disclosure provides a negative surge protection circuit, comprising a clamping circuit, an anti-reflection circuit and a freewheel energy storage circuit;
the input end of the clamping circuit is electrically connected with the power input end; the input end of the anti-reflection circuit is electrically connected with the power input end through the output end of the clamping circuit; the output end of the anti-reflection circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit; the output end of the follow current energy storage circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the equipment to be powered;
the clamping circuit is used for absorbing surge energy and clamping voltage to be within a safe working voltage range of the equipment to be powered;
the anti-reverse circuit is used for preventing negative surge current from flowing into the equipment to be powered; the reverse withstand voltage value of the anti-reflection circuit is larger than the highest clamping voltage of the clamping circuit.
In some embodiments, the clamping circuit includes a varistor, a first inductor, and a bipolar transient suppression diode;
the first inductor comprises a first interface, a second interface, a third interface and a fourth interface;
the input end of the clamping circuit is electrically connected with one end of the piezoresistor and the first interface respectively; the second interface is electrically connected with the output end of the clamping circuit after being connected with one end of the bipolar transient suppression diode; the other end of the bipolar transient suppression diode is electrically connected with the third interface; and the fourth interface is connected with the other end of the piezoresistor and then is electrically connected with the power output end.
In some embodiments, the anti-reflection circuit comprises a diode;
the anode of the diode is used as the input end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the second interface; and the cathode of the diode is used as the output end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit.
In some embodiments, the anti-reflection circuit includes a switching element and a control element;
the control element is used for providing a fully-on bias voltage for the switching element and controlling the switching element to be turned off when negative surge current occurs.
In some embodiments, the control element includes a first resistor and a second resistor;
the switching element includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal; the first end is used as an input end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the second interface; the second end is used as the output end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit; one end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the second end; the third end is electrically connected with one end of the second resistor after being connected with the other end of the first resistor; the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the power output end.
In some embodiments, the control element further comprises a unipolar transient suppression diode; the first resistor and the unipolar transient suppression diode are connected in parallel.
In some embodiments, the first inductance comprises a common mode inductance or a differential mode inductance.
In some embodiments, the freewheeling energy storage circuit includes a second inductance and capacitance; one end of the second inductor is electrically connected with the output end of the anti-reflection circuit; the other end of the second inductor is electrically connected with one end of the capacitor and the input end of the equipment to be powered respectively; the other end of the capacitor is electrically connected with the output end of the equipment to be powered after being connected with the output end of the power supply.
The present disclosure also provides a power supply system including a negative surge protection circuit as provided by the present disclosure.
The present disclosure also provides an electronic device comprising a power supply system as provided by the present disclosure.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:
according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the clamping circuit is arranged to absorb surge energy, and the voltage at the input end of the anti-reflection circuit is clamped to the safe working voltage range of the equipment to be powered, so that the anti-reflection circuit does not absorb the surge energy basically, almost all the surge energy is absorbed by devices in the clamping circuit electrically connected with the input end of the anti-reflection circuit, and only consideration is needed to be given to the reverse withstand voltage of the anti-reflection circuit. The design requirement of the negative surge protection circuit can be met only by setting the reverse withstand voltage value of the anti-reflection circuit to be larger than the highest clamping voltage of the clamping circuit. The surge protection level is mainly determined by the clamping circuit at the front end, and the anti-reflection circuit and the follow current energy storage circuit are used for supplying energy for a short time when suffering from negative surge, so that the protection level of the circuit can be conveniently increased, the surge protection level is improved, and the whole negative surge protection circuit can effectively protect surge current.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a negative surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another negative surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, a further description of aspects of the present disclosure will be provided below. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as described herein; it will be apparent that the embodiments in the specification are only some, but not all, embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a negative surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 1, the negative surge protection circuit includes a clamping circuit 1, an anti-reflection circuit 2, and a freewheel energy storage circuit 6. The input of the clamping circuit 1 is electrically connected to the power supply input 3. The input end of the anti-reflection circuit 2 is electrically connected with the power input end 3 through the output end of the clamping circuit 1. The output end of the anti-reflection circuit 2 is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit 6. The output of the freewheel energy storage circuit 6 is electrically connected to the input of the device to be supplied 4. That is, when the device 4 to be powered normally works, the power input end 3 is electrically connected with the input end of the device 4 to be powered through the clamping circuit 1, the anti-reflection circuit 2 and the follow current energy storage circuit 6, the power input end 3 transmits the power voltage to the input end of the clamping circuit 1, the output end of the clamping circuit 1 transmits the power voltage to the input end of the anti-reflection circuit 2, the output end of the anti-reflection circuit 2 transmits the power voltage to the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit 6, and the output end of the follow current energy storage circuit 6 transmits the power voltage to the input end of the device 4 to be powered, namely, the power input end 3 provides power source for the device 4 to be powered. The clamping circuit 1 is used to absorb surge energy and clamp the voltage to within a safe operating voltage range of the device 4 to be powered. The anti-reverse circuit 2 is used to prevent negative surge current from flowing into the device 4 to be powered. The reverse withstand voltage value of the anti-reflection circuit 2 is larger than the highest clamp voltage of the clamp circuit.
The clamping circuit 1, the anti-reflection circuit 2 and the follow current energy storage circuit 6 are located at the forefront end of the equipment 4 to be powered, and the equipment 4 to be powered needs to be electrically connected with the power input end 3 through the anti-reflection circuit 2, the clamping circuit 1 and the follow current energy storage circuit 6. When the equipment 4 to be powered works normally, the devices in the clamping circuit 1 are in a high-resistance state, and the normal work of the equipment 4 to be powered is not affected. When suffering from forward surge, the device of the clamping circuit 1 can absorb forward surge energy and clamp voltage to the safe working voltage range of the equipment 4 to be powered, so that normal operation of the equipment 4 to be powered is not affected. When the power supply is subject to negative surge, the power supply output end is, for example, a negative electrode, the power supply input end 3 is, for example, a positive electrode, that is, the negative electrode potential of the power supply output end is instantaneously greater than the positive electrode potential of the power supply input end 3, negative surge current occurs, the energy of the negative surge current can be absorbed by the clamping circuit 1, the negative surge current can be prevented from flowing into the equipment 4 to be powered by the anti-reflection circuit 2, but at the moment, the clamping voltage provided by the clamping circuit 1 is negative pressure, the negative pressure can not provide proper working voltage for the equipment 4 to be powered, so that short-time energy supply can be provided, that is, by arranging the anti-reflection circuit 2 and the follow current energy storage circuit 6 at the front end of the equipment 4 to be powered, current backflow can not occur at the positive electrode voltage end and the negative electrode voltage end of the equipment 4 to be powered, so that the equipment 4 to be powered can not be damaged or restarted due to the negative surge current, and meanwhile, the short-time energy supply can be carried out easily.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the clamping circuit is arranged to absorb surge energy, and the voltage at the input end of the anti-reflection circuit is clamped to the safe working voltage range of the equipment to be powered, so that the anti-reflection circuit does not absorb the surge energy basically, almost all the surge energy is absorbed by devices in the clamping circuit electrically connected with the input end of the anti-reflection circuit, and only consideration is needed to be given to the reverse withstand voltage of the anti-reflection circuit. The design requirement of the negative surge protection circuit can be met only by setting the reverse withstand voltage value of the anti-reflection circuit to be larger than the highest clamping voltage of the clamping circuit. The surge protection level is mainly determined by the clamping circuit at the front end, and the anti-reflection circuit and the follow current energy storage circuit are used for supplying energy for a short time when suffering from negative surge, so that the protection level of the circuit can be conveniently increased, the surge protection level is improved, and the whole negative surge protection circuit can effectively protect surge current. At the same time, the flywheel energy storage circuit is used for providing short-term current and voltage for the equipment to be supplied with power when negative surge current occurs.
Typically a negative surge is likely to cause a short power down and restart of the device. For electronic devices, a short power loss means a communication interruption, greatly affecting the user experience. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is that the follow current energy storage circuit is used for providing short-term current and voltage for equipment to be powered when negative surge current occurs. Therefore, the follow current energy storage circuit can ensure that the equipment to be powered can still provide proper working voltage and current for the equipment to be powered for a period of time (for example, mu s level) when suffering from negative surge, ensure that the equipment to be powered continuously works, and recover the whole power supply loop to a normal working state after the surge is over so as to avoid short-time power failure or restarting of the equipment.
In some embodiments, the clamping voltage of the clamping circuit may be set within a range of safe working voltage of the device to be powered, specifically, set according to actual requirements of the device to be powered, which is not limited in this disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 2, the clamping circuit 1 includes a varistor R', a first inductor L1, and a bipolar transient suppression diode D1. The first inductor L1 includes a first interface 11, a second interface 12, a third interface 13, and a fourth interface 14. The input terminal of the clamping circuit 1 is electrically connected to one end of the varistor R' and the first interface 11, respectively. The power input terminal 3 'vin+' terminal is electrically connected with the input terminal of the clamping circuit 1. The second interface 12 is connected to one end of the bipolar transient suppression diode D1 and then electrically connected to the output terminal of the clamp circuit 1. The other end of the bipolar transient suppression diode D1 is electrically connected to the third interface 13. The fourth interface 14 is connected to the other end of the varistor R ' and then electrically connected to the power output terminal 5 ' vin '.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the clamping circuit comprises a piezoresistor, a first inductor and a bipolar transient suppression diode, wherein the first inductor can be used as a decoupling element. The clamping circuit performs primary first-stage protection through the piezoresistor, and performs secondary protection through the first inductor and the bipolar transient suppression diode, so that when positive surge current or negative surge current occurs, the clamping circuit can clamp the voltage of the whole power supply circuit to the safe working voltage range of equipment to be powered, the anti-reflection circuit basically does not absorb surge energy, almost all the surge energy is absorbed by the piezoresistor, the first inductor and the bipolar transient suppression diode in the anti-reflection circuit, and then the surge protection level can be conveniently made higher. The clamping circuit has a simple structure and is easy to realize.
In some embodiments, the first inductance L1 may be, for example, a common mode inductance or a differential mode inductance.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the power input terminal 3"Vin+" terminal is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The end of the power supply output end 5 vin is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the power supply.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the anti-reflection circuit includes a diode D2. The anode of the diode D2 is electrically connected as an input of the anti-reflection circuit to the second interface 12. The cathode of the diode D2 is electrically connected as an output of the anti-reflection circuit to the input of the freewheel tank circuit 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the second interface 12 of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the bipolar transient suppression diode D1 and then electrically connected to the output terminal of the clamp circuit 1. The output end of the clamping circuit 1 is electrically connected with the input end of the anti-reflection circuit, and the output end of the anti-reflection circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit 6. The output of the freewheel energy storage circuit 6 is electrically connected to the input of the device to be supplied 4. Thus, as shown in fig. 2, the anode of the diode D2 is electrically connected to the second interface 12 and to one end of the bipolar transient suppression diode D1, and the cathode of the diode D2 is electrically connected to the input of the device 4 to be powered. For example, as shown in fig. 2, a diode D2 of the anti-reflection circuit is connected in series to the positive power line, an anode of the diode D2 is connected to the "vin+" side of the power input terminal, and a cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the input terminal of the to-be-supplied power apparatus 4, that is, the positive voltage input terminal "+" terminal of the to-be-supplied power apparatus 4. The diode D2 has a unidirectional conduction characteristic, which acts to prevent negative pressure from striking the device 4 to be powered when subjected to a negative surge.
Alternatively, the diode D2 may be, for example, a series of field effect rectifier diodes of an artificial semiconductor, which may still have a low voltage difference of about 0.4V under a withstand voltage of 100V, and thus have low power consumption. Or, the diode D2 may be, for example, a common diode, so as to meet the working requirement of the anti-reflection circuit, and effectively reduce the power consumption and cost of the anti-reflection circuit.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the anti-reflection circuit is only provided with one diode, so that the anti-reflection circuit can effectively prevent negative surge current from flowing into the equipment to be powered, and the equipment to be powered is ensured not to be damaged or restarted due to negative pressure impact generated by the negative surge current. The whole anti-reflection circuit has simple and practical structure and lower cost.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another negative surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the disclosure, and as shown in fig. 3, the anti-reflection circuit 2 includes a switching element K and a control element. The control element is used for providing a fully-on bias voltage for the switching element K and controlling the switching element K to be turned off when negative surge current occurs.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, when the equipment to be powered normally works, the control element can provide the bias voltage for the switching element to be fully conducted, so that the switching element is fully conducted, and the normal work of the equipment to be powered is not affected. When negative surge occurs, the control element can control the switching element to be cut off, so that negative surge current can be prevented from flowing backward to the equipment to be powered, the equipment to be powered is ensured not to be damaged or restarted due to negative pressure impact generated by the negative surge current, and the anti-reverse circuit is simple in structure and easy to realize.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the control element includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2. The switching element K includes a first terminal 21, a second terminal 22, and a third terminal 23. The first terminal 21 is electrically connected as an input of the anti-reflection circuit to the second interface 12 of the first inductance L1. The second terminal 22 is electrically connected as an output of the anti-reflection circuit to an input of the freewheel tank circuit 6. One end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the second end 22. The third terminal 23 is connected to the other end of the first resistor R1 and then electrically connected to one end of the second resistor R2. The other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the power output terminal 5.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, the second interface 12 of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the bipolar transient suppression diode D1 and then electrically connected to the output terminal of the clamp circuit 1. The output end of the clamping circuit 1 is electrically connected with the input end of the anti-reflection circuit 2, and the output end of the anti-reflection circuit 2 is electrically connected with the input end of the equipment 4 to be powered. Thus, the first terminal 21 of the switching element K is electrically connected to the output terminal of the clamp circuit 1, that is, the second interface 12 of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the first terminal 21 of the switching element K after being connected to one terminal of the bipolar transient suppression diode D1. The second terminal 22 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the device 4 to be powered and one end of the first resistor R1, respectively.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, when the equipment to be powered normally works, the voltage of the third end of the switching element is smaller than the voltage of the second end of the switching element after the voltage is divided through the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, so that the switching element is completely conducted, and the normal work of the equipment to be powered is not affected. When negative surge occurs, the voltage of the third end of the switching element is larger than the voltage of the second end of the switching element after the voltage is divided by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, so that the switching element is cut off, negative surge current can be prevented from being input into the equipment to be powered, and the equipment to be powered is ensured not to be damaged or restarted due to negative surge caused by the negative surge current.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the control element further includes a unipolar transient suppression diode D3. The first resistor R1 and the unipolar transient suppression diode D3 are connected in parallel.
As shown in fig. 3, the second terminal 22 of the switching element K is connected to one end of the first resistor R1 and the anode of the unipolar transient-suppressing diode D3, and then is electrically connected to the output terminal of the anti-reflection circuit 2.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the unipolar transient suppression diode is arranged between the second end and the third end of the switching element, so that the second end and the third section of the switching element can be subjected to instantaneous overvoltage protection, and the switching element is prevented from being damaged due to excessively high voltage value generated instantaneously when negative surge or positive surge occurs.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the switching element K includes a PMOS transistor. The first end of the switching element K is the drain electrode of the PMOS transistor, the second end of the switching element K is the source electrode of the PMOS transistor, and the third end of the switching element K is the grid electrode of the PMOS transistor. The drain electrode is electrically connected with the 'Vin+' side of the power input end. The source is electrically connected to the "+" end of the input terminal of the device 4 to be powered and to one end of the first resistor R1, respectively. The grid is connected with the other end of the first resistor R1 and then is electrically connected with one end of the second resistor R2. After the voltage is divided by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, a proper gate voltage bias can be provided for the PMOS transistor, so that the PMOS transistor is completely turned on. Immediately after the power is turned on, the body diode in the PMOS tube is conducted firstly, and then the voltage is divided through the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, so that the voltage of the grid electrode is smaller than that of the source electrode, and the PMOS tube is conducted completely. When negative surge occurs, the voltage of the grid electrode is larger than that of the source electrode after the voltage is divided through the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, so that the PMOS tube is cut off, negative surge current can be prevented from being input into the equipment to be powered, and the equipment to be powered is ensured not to be damaged or restarted due to negative surge caused by the negative surge current.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the voltage drop is very small and is generally smaller than 0.1V when the PMOS tube is completely conducted, so that the anti-reflection circuit has the advantage of ultralow voltage drop, and therefore the power consumption is low.
In some embodiments, the anti-reflection circuit 2 includes a switching element K and a control element. The switching element K may comprise, for example, an NMOS transistor, and the control element may comprise, for example, an Oring controller. When negative surge occurs, the Oring controller can control the NMOS transistor to be disconnected, so that negative surge current cannot flow into the equipment to be powered, and adverse effects of the negative surge current on the equipment to be powered are avoided.
In some embodiments, referring to the circuit structure shown in fig. 2 and 3, the freewheel tank circuit 6 includes a second inductance L2 and a capacitance C1. One end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the anti-reflection circuit 2. The other end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and the input end of the device to be powered 4, respectively. The other end of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the output end of the equipment 4 to be powered after being connected with the power output end 5.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 2, for example, the anti-reflection circuit includes a diode D2, and the input terminal of the anti-reflection circuit is the anode of the diode D2. The cathode of the diode D2 is the output end of the anti-reflection circuit. One end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the anti-reflection circuit 2. I.e. one end of the second inductance L2 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D2.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 3, the anti-reflection circuit 2 includes a switching element K and a control element, for example. The control element includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2. The switching element K includes a first terminal 21, a second terminal 22, and a third terminal 23. The first terminal 21 is electrically connected as an input of the anti-reflection circuit to the second interface 12 of the first inductance L1. The second terminal 22 is electrically connected as an output of the anti-reflection circuit to an input of the freewheel tank circuit 6. One end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the second end 22. One end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the anti-reflection circuit 2. That is, the second terminal 22 of the switching element K is connected to one terminal of the first resistor R1 and then electrically connected to one terminal of the second inductor L2.
Wherein the current in the second inductance L2 will not be abrupt and will continue to supply current to the device 4 to be powered for a period of time. The voltage of the capacitor C1 will not be suddenly changed, and the normal working voltage will be provided for the equipment 4 to be powered for a short period of time, and the discharging current stored by the capacitor C1 can only flow to the equipment 4 to be powered when the energy stored by the capacitor C1 is discharged because the anti-reverse circuit is arranged in front of the second inductor L2. Under the co-cooperation of the anti-reverse circuit and the energy storage circuit, the device to be powered can still provide proper working voltage and current for the device to be powered for a period of time (for example, mu s level) when suffering from negative surge, so that the electronic device can continuously work, and the whole power supply loop can be restored to a normal working state after the surge. The short-time power failure or restarting of the equipment is avoided, and the user experience is enhanced.
In the tank circuit, the second inductor L2 and the capacitor C1 are both energy storage devices, and the second inductor L2 stores energy in the form of a magnetic field, and has the characteristic that current cannot be suddenly changed, namely, freewheels. The energy storage formula according to the second inductance L2 is:
E1＝L*I 2 *0.5 (1)
wherein E1 is magnetic field energy generated by the second inductor L2, L is inductance, and I is induction current. From equation (1), it is known that the amount of energy stored in the second inductor L2 is related to the inductance L.
The capacitor C1 stores energy in the form of an electric field, and has a voltage non-abrupt characteristic. The energy storage formula according to the capacitor C1 is:
E2＝C*U 2 *0.5 (2)
wherein E2 is the electric field energy generated by the capacitor C1, C is the capacitance, and U is the voltage. From equation (2), it is known that the amount of energy stored by capacitor C1 is related to capacitance C.
When the power supply line is subjected to negative surge, the output end of the to-be-supplied device 4 connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, namely "-" end potential is changed, but the potential difference (namely voltage) at the two ends of the capacitor C1 is unlikely to be suddenly changed, so that the potential difference (namely voltage) between the input end "+" of the to-be-supplied device 4 and the output end "-" of the to-be-supplied device 4 is not suddenly changed, and the discharging path of the capacitor C1 is only one path for conveying to the to-be-supplied device. Therefore, according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, according to the energy storage characteristics of the second inductor L2 and the capacitor C1, and the function of the anti-reflection circuit, and in combination with the surge protection level, the preset clamping voltage of the clamping circuit is determined, and the proper second inductance value (such as a few microhenries) and the proper capacitance value (such as a few tens of microfarads) are selected, so that the electronic equipment can be powered for a short period of time (such as microsecond) when the power supply circuit suffers from instant negative surge impact, and the uninterrupted operation of the equipment to be powered is ensured.
In some embodiments, the transient voltage suppression diode (TVS, transient Voltage Suppressor) is essentially a TVS tube. The high-efficiency protection device is developed on the basis of a voltage-stabilizing diode, and is a novel high-efficiency protection device in a diode form, namely a voltage-limiting overvoltage protection device.
The TVS generally adopts a diode-type axial line package structure, and also has a chip, wherein the core unit of the TVS is a chip, the chip has a single-pole type structure and a bipolar type structure, the single-pole type TVS has a PN junction, and the bipolar type TVS has two PN junctions. The unipolar surge voltage surge protection device only protects surge voltage surge in one direction. The bipolar transient diode can protect against surge voltage impact with opposite polarity, and is equivalent to reverse series connection of two voltage stabilizing tubes. The TVS tube has the outstanding characteristics of low breakdown voltage, response time of tens of picoseconds, small leakage current, high transient power, no noise and the like, so that the TVS tube is widely applied and accepted in a signal system.
The bipolar TVS connects two diodes in series in opposite directions, which belongs to a clamp protection circuit, and also uses this clamp to take the zero crossing signal. In the clamping circuit, the cathode of the diode is grounded, and then the positive electrode terminal circuit is clamped below zero potential. When in operation, only one diode is conducted at a time, and the other diode is in a cut-off state, so that the forward and reverse voltage drops of the diode are clamped below 0.5-0.7 of the forward conduction voltage drop of the diode (if the conduction voltage drop is the same), thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the circuit.
TVS tube suppresses surge current pulse power, protects the principle of electron device and is: under the action of surge voltage, the voltage between two poles of the TVS tube is broken down when the voltage rises from rated reverse off voltage to breakdown voltage, and breakdown current occurs. The current flowing through the TVS tube will then reach the peak pulse current. The voltage across it is also clamped below a predetermined maximum clamping voltage. Then, along with the exponential decay of the pulse current, the voltage of the two poles of the TVS tube also continuously drops, and finally, the TVS tube is restored to the initial state.
The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a power supply system, which comprises the negative surge protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure. And have the same or similar beneficial effects, and are not repeated here.
The embodiment of the disclosure also provides electronic equipment, which comprises the power supply system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure. And have the same or similar beneficial effects, and are not repeated here.
In some embodiments, the electronic device may be, for example, a communication device, a mobile terminal, or the like.
It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the disclosure to enable one skilled in the art to understand or practice the disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown and described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The negative surge protection circuit is characterized by comprising a clamping circuit, an anti-reverse circuit and a follow current energy storage circuit;
the input end of the clamping circuit is electrically connected with the power input end; the input end of the anti-reflection circuit is electrically connected with the power input end through the output end of the clamping circuit; the output end of the anti-reflection circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit; the output end of the follow current energy storage circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the equipment to be powered;
the clamping circuit is used for absorbing surge energy and clamping voltage to be within a safe working voltage range of the equipment to be powered;
the anti-reverse circuit is used for preventing negative surge current from flowing into the equipment to be powered; the reverse withstand voltage value of the anti-reflection circuit is larger than the highest clamping voltage of the clamping circuit.
2. The negative surge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the clamp circuit comprises a varistor, a first inductor, and a bipolar transient suppression diode;
the first inductor comprises a first interface, a second interface, a third interface and a fourth interface;
the input end of the clamping circuit is electrically connected with one end of the piezoresistor and the first interface respectively; the second interface is electrically connected with the output end of the clamping circuit after being connected with one end of the bipolar transient suppression diode; the other end of the bipolar transient suppression diode is electrically connected with the third interface; and the fourth interface is connected with the other end of the piezoresistor and then is electrically connected with the power output end.
3. The negative surge protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the anti-reflection circuit comprises a diode;
the anode of the diode is used as the input end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the second interface; and the cathode of the diode is used as the output end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit.
4. The negative surge protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the anti-reflection circuit comprises a switching element and a control element;
the control element is used for providing a fully-on bias voltage for the switching element and controlling the switching element to be turned off when negative surge current occurs.
5. The negative surge protection circuit of claim 4, wherein the control element comprises a first resistor and a second resistor;
the switching element includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal; the first end is used as an input end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the second interface; the second end is used as the output end of the anti-reflection circuit and is electrically connected with the input end of the follow current energy storage circuit; one end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the second end; the third end is electrically connected with one end of the second resistor after being connected with the other end of the first resistor; the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the power output end.
6. The negative surge protection circuit of claim 5, wherein the control element further comprises a unipolar transient suppression diode;
the first resistor and the unipolar transient suppression diode are connected in parallel.
7. The negative-going surge protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the first inductance comprises a common-mode inductance or a differential-mode inductance.
8. The negative-going surge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the freewheeling energy storage circuit comprises a second inductance and capacitance; one end of the second inductor is electrically connected with the output end of the anti-reflection circuit; the other end of the second inductor is electrically connected with one end of the capacitor and the input end of the equipment to be powered respectively; the other end of the capacitor is electrically connected with the output end of the equipment to be powered after being connected with the output end of the power supply.
9. A power supply system comprising a negative surge protection circuit according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. An electronic device comprising the power supply system of claim 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223075103.3U CN219086797U (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Negative surge protection circuit, power supply system and electronic equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223075103.3U CN219086797U (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Negative surge protection circuit, power supply system and electronic equipment |
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| CN219086797U true CN219086797U (en) | 2023-05-26 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116455035A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-07-18 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Protection circuit and electronic equipment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116455035A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-07-18 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Protection circuit and electronic equipment |
| CN116455035B (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-10-20 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Protection circuit and electronic equipment |
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