CN218770033U - Radial power combiner, distributor and complete machine based on E surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a radial power combiner, distributor and complete machine based on E face, the combiner includes radial path combination unit, path combination step waveguide unit, microstrip changes waveguide switching circuit to and coaxial ridge waveguide unit; the combining rectangular branch structures are radially and symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the combining cylindrical waveguide as an axis; a part of each of the two adjacent path-combining rectangular branch structures is covered by a third path-combining cylindrical waveguide; the microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit is used for receiving radio frequency signals and transmitting the signals to the combining step waveguide unit in a microstrip-to-waveguide mode; the combination step waveguide unit is used for transmitting the vertically transmitted signals to the combination rectangular branch structure in the horizontal direction. The utility model provides a radial power combiner overall structure has higher symmetry, leads to the electromagnetic field to possess high symmetry in the transmission direction, makes the loss of synthesizer lower, and secondly, the isolation between the branch structure is good, does not need additionally to add the isolator, can reduce the cost of manufacture.

Description

Radial power combiner, distributor and complete machine based on E surface

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of communications, more specifically relates to radial power combiner, distributor and complete machine based on E face.

Background

Along with the high-speed development of the electronic information industry, the development of the communication industry is changing day by day, in the field of satellite communication, the requirement on a transmitting system is higher and higher, and the power synthesis technology needs to meet the requirement of the system;

satellite communication is widely applied to the wide fields of national defense construction, personal mobile communication, aerospace communication and the like, is limited by process and heat dissipation conditions, a common single power amplifier tube is far from meeting the power requirement of modern power amplifiers, power synthesis becomes a necessary condition of high-power amplifiers, the transmission distance of the high-power amplifiers is longer, the information carrying capacity of a large bandwidth is larger, the requirements of the high power amplifiers and the large bandwidth are development trends, and the common power synthesis modes are planar binary synthesis, space power synthesis and radial waveguide synthesis;

planar binary synthesis generally adopts microstrip lines to transmit radio frequency signals, and can be realized only through multiple times of impedance transformation to realize ultra-wideband design, the microstrip lines require longer line length, so that conductor loss and dielectric loss are increased, and the conventional planar synthesis loss is overlarge along with the increase of synthesis times; thereby limiting the use of high power synthesis.

The space power synthesis is based on a low-loss broadband waveguide different-surface fin line antenna array design technology. Because the broadband matching circuit generally adopts a multi-section matching mode to widen the bandwidth, a very long transmission line is needed when the bandwidth is very wide, and the spatial power synthesis of the waveguide non-coplanar fin-line antenna array has poor isolation between channels, so that the heat dissipation mode and the working bandwidth are limited, and the use of a broadband high-power synthesis mode is limited.

The power synthesis based on the radial waveguide means that power synthesis is carried out on multi-path microwave signals in the space in a waveguide cavity, the characteristic of small waveguide loss is fully utilized, the advantage of flexible waveguide impedance transformation is simultaneously exerted, and the power synthesis with multiple paths and high efficiency is realized, but the prior art of the radial waveguide synthesizer has the following defects:

1. the isolation between the channels is poor, and the standing wave of the branch port is poor, so that in order to solve the problem, an isolator has to be used when the power amplifier unit is connected to avoid mutual crosstalk and self-excitation, so that the synthesis efficiency of the power amplifier is low, and the synthesis of the high-power amplifier is not facilitated;

2. most of high-power amplifier units are limited by a heat dissipation mode, an E-plane synthesis mode has to be used, and H-plane-to-E-plane conversion is needed when the H-plane-based radial waveguide synthesizer is connected with the power amplifier units, so that the E-plane and the H-plane are overlapped in the height direction. When the power amplifier works in a frequency band below ka, the radial waveguide synthesizer based on the H surface is not beneficial to the miniaturization and integration trend required by the market due to the large waveguide size, so that the application in the communication field is limited to a certain extent.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses aim at overcoming above-mentioned prior art's at least one defect, provide radial power combiner, distributor and complete machine based on the E face for it is poor to solve current radial waveguide synthesizer isolation effect, and receives the problem of restriction based on the range of application of the radial waveguide synthesizer of H face.

The utility model discloses a technical scheme include:

in a first aspect, the utility model provides a radial power combiner based on E face, including radial path combination unit, path combination step waveguide unit, microstrip and waveguide switching circuit, and coaxial ridge waveguide unit; the radial combining unit at least comprises a first combining cylindrical waveguide, a second combining cylindrical waveguide, a third combining cylindrical waveguide and a plurality of combining rectangular branch structures which are coaxially arranged; each path of combination rectangular branch structure is radially and symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the combination cylindrical waveguide as an axis and consists of a first combination rectangular waveguide branch and a second combination rectangular waveguide branch; in each path of combination rectangular branch structure, the position of the first combination rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the combination cylindrical waveguide than the position of the second combination rectangular waveguide branch; a part of the second combined path cylindrical waveguide covers the two adjacent combined path rectangular branch structures; each path of combination rectangular branch structure is connected with a combination step waveguide unit and a microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit at one end far away from the combination cylindrical waveguide; the microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit is used for receiving radio frequency signals and transmitting the signals to the combining step waveguide unit in a microstrip-to-waveguide mode; the combination step waveguide unit is used for transmitting the vertically transmitted signals to the combination rectangular branch structure in a horizontal direction; the signals transmitted by each path of combination rectangular branch structure are combined into a path of signal at the combination cylindrical waveguide, and are sequentially transmitted to the coaxial ridge-turning waveguide unit through the third combination cylindrical waveguide, the second combination cylindrical waveguide and the first combination cylindrical waveguide; the coaxial ridge waveguide unit and the combining cylindrical waveguide are coaxially arranged and used for converting the coaxial signals synthesized by the radial combining unit into standard rectangular waveguides and outputting the standard rectangular waveguides.

The utility model provides a radial power combiner, for the restriction that the solution brought based on the synthesizer of H face, this radial power combiner is based on the design of E face, include the radial way unit of closing that cylindrical waveguide of closing way rectangle branch structure and a plurality of symmetry by complete symmetry constitutes, with the coaxial ridge waveguide unit that changes of radial way unit connection to and close way step waveguide unit and the microstrip and change waveguide switching circuit that closes that rectangle branch structure is connected with each way. Each path of combined rectangular branch structure receives signals, electromagnetic fields are synthesized in the waveguides and then are transmitted through the microstrip-waveguide conversion circuit, the conversion from plane to space electromagnetic propagation can be achieved through the mode of converting the microstrip into the waveguides, the advantage of good heat dissipation of the plane electromagnetic propagation can be inherited, and the integration with an external push-level circuit is facilitated, so that the high integration in a small-size range is achieved, the vertically transmitted signals are converted into horizontal transmission through the combined step waveguide unit, and the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode transmission of broadband working bandwidth is effectively achieved. All have the part to be covered by third combination cylindrical waveguide between the adjacent combination rectangle branch structure to realized the isolation port between the combination rectangle branch structure, made the port isolation degree higher between the combination rectangle branch structure, mutually independent. And finally, synthesizing the signals of each path of combined rectangular branch structure into a path of signal, inputting the path of signal into the coaxial ridge waveguide unit after passing through the path-combined cylindrical waveguide, and realizing the conversion from the TEM mode of the coaxial line to the TE10 mode of the waveguide by the coaxial ridge waveguide unit in an E-surface excitation mode. The utility model provides a radial power combiner overall structure has higher symmetry, leads to the electromagnetic field to possess high symmetry in the direction of transmission, does not receive the influence that TEM ripples transmission in-process electromagnetic field changes, makes the loss of synthesizer lower, and the phase place same amplitude of each minute port when also making power synthesis simultaneously equals, and the isolation between the way rectangle branch structure of synthesizer is good, need not additionally add the isolator, can reduce the cost of manufacture.

Further, the coaxial ridge waveguide unit comprises a coaxial metal cylinder, a three-level metal step and a standard waveguide which are sequentially connected.

The combined coaxial signal passing through the cylindrical waveguide is converted into a standard rectangular waveguide after sequentially passing through the coaxial metal cylinder, the three-level metal step and the standard waveguide, and the conversion from the TEM mode to the TM10 mode is completed. The coaxial ridge waveguide unit with the structure has small loss, wide frequency band and compact structure, and can be conveniently processed in an integrated manner.

Further, the microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit comprises a 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

Input signals firstly enter through the microstrip probe unit, enter the 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity through the microstrip probe unit, and finally enter the standard waveguide for synthesis and output. The microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit enables the microstrip probe unit to penetrate into the standard waveguide, and electromagnetic fields are synthesized in the waveguide and then are transmitted in a microstrip-to-waveguide mode. The electromagnetic field is transmitted in the waveguide with small insertion loss, the conversion from plane to space electromagnetic transmission can be realized through a mode of converting the micro-strip into the waveguide, the advantage of good heat dissipation of the plane electromagnetic transmission can be inherited, and the micro-strip waveguide integrated circuit is further beneficial to being integrated with an external push-level circuit, so that the high integration in a small volume range is realized.

Further, the combining step waveguide unit is composed of three-level step waveguides.

In the combination step waveguide unit, an input signal vertically enters the highest step waveguide, is input into the combination rectangular branch structure through the three-step waveguide, and is converted into horizontal transmission in the combination rectangular branch structure, and the rectangular waveguide with the broadband working bandwidth can be effectively transmitted in a TE10 mode by adjusting the three-step waveguide.

Further, the radial combining unit further includes a fourth combining cylindrical waveguide and a fifth combining cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially disposed.

The signal does not pass through the fourth combining cylindrical waveguide and the fifth combining cylindrical waveguide in the transmission process, but the radius lengths and the heights of the fourth combining cylindrical waveguide and the fifth combining cylindrical waveguide can improve the matching of the whole radial combining unit and eliminate the influence of a high-order mode in the rectangular waveguide and the coaxial ridge waveguide unit.

In a second aspect, the utility model provides a radial power divider based on E face, including coaxial unit, radial shunt unit, coaxial commentaries on classics waveguide unit, waveguide commentaries on classics microstrip converting circuit; the coaxial receiving unit is used for receiving signals and transmitting the signals to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit; the waveguide-to-coaxial unit is used for transmitting signals to the radial combining unit; the radial branch unit at least comprises a first branch cylindrical waveguide, a second branch cylindrical waveguide, a third branch cylindrical waveguide and a plurality of branch rectangular branch structures which are coaxially arranged; each branch rectangular branch structure is radially and symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the branch cylindrical waveguide as an axis and consists of a first branch rectangular waveguide branch and a second branch rectangular waveguide branch; in each branch rectangular branch structure, the position of the first branch rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the branch cylindrical waveguide than the position of the second branch rectangular waveguide branch; a part of the rectangular branch structure of the two adjacent branches is covered by a cylindrical waveguide of the third branch; each branch rectangular branch structure is connected with a branch step waveguide unit and a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit at one end far away from the branch cylindrical waveguide; the radial branch unit receives signals from the coaxial unit, the signals are divided into a plurality of branch signals after sequentially passing through the first branch cylindrical waveguide, the second branch cylindrical waveguide and the third branch cylindrical waveguide, and each branch signal is respectively transmitted to a branch rectangular branch structure; each branch rectangular branch structure transmits the signal to the coaxial waveguide-converting unit; the coaxial rotating waveguide unit is used for transmitting the horizontally transmitted signal to the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit in the vertical direction; the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit is used for outputting the received signal in a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion mode.

The utility model discloses a radial power divider theory of operation based on E face is similar with radial power combiner, uses with radial power combiner cooperation. In the radial power divider based on the E surface, an external signal is received by a coaxial receiving unit of the power divider and is transmitted to a waveguide-to-coaxial unit, the waveguide-to-coaxial unit transmits the signal to a radial branch unit, in the radial branch unit, the signal is divided into branch signals after sequentially passing through a first branch cylindrical waveguide, a second branch cylindrical waveguide and a third branch cylindrical waveguide, each branch signal is transmitted to a branch rectangular branch structure, is horizontally transmitted in the branch rectangular branch structure and is transmitted to a branch step waveguide unit, the branch signals are converted into vertical transmission and are input to a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit, the signal is output in a waveguide-to-microstrip mode, and the signal is input to a radial power combiner after being subjected to power amplification. Each branch rectangular branch structure of the radial power divider corresponds to the combination rectangular branch structure of the radial power combiner in position, and the number of the rectangular branch structures is the same. This radial power divider based on E face can divide into the power equiphase phase place a plurality of times, obtains the signal that multichannel amplitude and phase are unanimous, and in radial power divider, all has the part to be covered by third branch road cylinder waveguide between the adjacent branch road rectangle branch structure to realized the isolation port between the rectangle branch structure, made the port isolation degree between the rectangle branch structure higher, mutually independent need not additionally to increase the isolator.

Further, the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit comprises a 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

Further, the branching step waveguide unit is composed of three-step waveguides.

Further, the radial branching unit further comprises a fourth branching cylindrical waveguide and a fifth branching cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides an E-plane-based radial combiner complete machine, including the above-mentioned E-plane-based radial power combiner, a plurality of power amplifiers, and the above-mentioned E-plane-based radial power splitter; the radial power divider is used for dividing the received signal into a plurality of branch signals and inputting each branch signal into a power amplifier; the power amplifier is used for amplifying the received sub-signals and transmitting the amplified sub-signals to the radial power combiner; and the radial power combiner is used for combining the received sub-signals into one path and outputting the path.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

the utility model provides a radial power combiner, distributor and complete machine based on E face, the restriction that the synthesizer brought based on the H face can be solved in design based on the E face, has very big advantage on integrating the miniaturization, can be directly integrated at the coplanar with the back level circuit. The power combiner and the power divider comprise radial units consisting of completely symmetrical rectangular branch structures and a plurality of symmetrical cylindrical waveguides, coaxial ridge-to-ridge waveguide units/coaxial units connected with the radial units, and step waveguide units and microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuits/waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuits connected with each path of rectangular branch structures. The microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit/waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit can realize the conversion from plane to space electromagnetic propagation, inherits the advantage of good heat dissipation of plane electromagnetic propagation, and is favorable for being integrated with an external push-level circuit, thereby realizing high integration in a small volume range. All have the part to be covered by third cylinder waveguide between the adjacent rectangle branch structure to realized the isolation port between the rectangle branch structure, port isolation degree is higher between the rectangle branch structure, and is independent mutually, need not to increase extra isolator, even the power amplifier with both cooperations appears destroying, other power amplifier still can work, the output power of synthesizer descends according to certain proportion. The utility model provides an overall structure of radial power combiner, distributor and complete machine has higher symmetry, leads to the electromagnetic field to possess high symmetry in the direction of transmission, does not receive the influence that TEM ripples transmission in-process electromagnetic field changes, makes combiner/distributor's loss lower, and the same range of phase place that each divides the port when also making power combiner/distribution simultaneously equals.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an E-plane-based radial power combiner in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic back structural diagram of an E-plane-based radial power combiner according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another back structure of an E-plane based radial power combiner according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the coaxial metal 303 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic isolation diagram of each combination rectangular branch structure 400 of the power combiner in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of return loss of the common terminal of the power combiner in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a radial power divider based on an E-plane in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 and the third shunt cylindrical waveguide 33 in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a complete radial synthesizer based on E-plane in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is another schematic perspective view of an overall E-plane-based radial combiner according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic signal transmission diagram of a complete radial combiner based on an E-plane according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The drawings of the present invention are for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For a better understanding of the following embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an E-plane-based radial power combiner, which includes a radial combining unit 100, a coaxial ridge-to-ridge waveguide unit 300, a combining step waveguide unit 500, and a microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit 600.

As shown in fig. 1, the radial combining unit 100 at least includes a first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, a second combining cylindrical waveguide 102, and a third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, which are coaxially disposed, and a plurality of combining rectangular branch structures 400.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the radial combining unit 100 further includes a fourth combining cylindrical waveguide 201 and a fifth combining cylindrical waveguide 202 which are coaxially disposed.

Each of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 is radially and symmetrically arranged by taking an axis of the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 or the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103 as an axis, and is composed of a first combining rectangular waveguide branch 401 and a second combining rectangular waveguide branch 402.

As shown in fig. 1, in each-path combining rectangular branch structure 400, the first combining rectangular waveguide branch 401 is located closer to the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 and the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103 than the second combining rectangular waveguide branch 402.

A part of the third-combined cylindrical waveguide 103 covers between two adjacent combined rectangular branch structures 400, as shown by the dotted square in fig. 1 (no coverage is shown between the part of the adjacent combined rectangular branch structures 400 in fig. 1 and the third-combined cylindrical waveguide 303). All there is part between adjacent combiner rectangular branch structure 400 to be covered by third combiner cylindrical waveguide 103, has realized the isolation port between combiner rectangular branch structure 400, makes the port isolation degree higher between combiner rectangular branch structure 400, and is mutually independent.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the number of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 is 8, and all the structures are radially and symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the combining cylindrical waveguide as an axis. The first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102, the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, the fourth combining cylindrical waveguide 201 and the fifth combining cylindrical waveguide 202 jointly form a radial combining cylinder.

As shown in fig. 1, the coaxial ridge-turning waveguide unit 300 is coaxially disposed with the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 and the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, and is configured to convert the coaxial signal synthesized by the radial combining unit 100 into a standard rectangular waveguide and output the standard rectangular waveguide.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the coaxial ridge waveguide unit 300 is composed of a standard rectangular waveguide 301, a three-level metal step 302, and a coaxial metal cylinder 303. In a specific embodiment, the standard rectangular waveguide 301 is selected to be a standard WR159 waveguide.

As shown in fig. 4, the coaxial metal cylinder 303 is composed of a first cylinder 3031, a second cylinder 3032 and an air chamber 3033, wherein the width of the second cylinder 3032 is the same as the width of the air chamber 3033, and a section of the first cylinder 3031 is separated between the air chamber 3033 and the second cylinder 3032, which is indicated by oblique hatching in fig. 4, and in a specific embodiment, the separated section of the first cylinder 3031 is 50 ohms.

As shown in fig. 1, one end of each combining rectangular branch structure 400, which is far from the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 or the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, is connected to a combining step waveguide unit 500 and a microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit 600.

As shown in fig. 1, the combining step waveguide unit 500 is configured to transmit a vertically transmitted signal to the combining rectangular branch structure in a horizontal direction, and as shown in fig. 1, specifically, the combining step waveguide unit 500 is composed of three-step waveguides, which are a first step waveguide 501, a second step waveguide 502, and a third step waveguide 503.

The microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit 600 is configured to receive a radio frequency signal and transmit the signal to the combining step waveguide unit 500 in a microstrip-to-waveguide manner. As shown in fig. 1, specifically, the microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit 600 is composed of a 1/4 wavelength reflective cavity 601, a microstrip probe unit 602, and a standard waveguide 603. In a specific embodiment, the standard waveguide 603 is selected to be a standard WR159 waveguide.

In the radial power combiner based on the E-plane provided in this embodiment, the signal flows as follows:

the input signal is generally a radio frequency signal after power amplification, the radio frequency signal firstly enters through the microstrip probe unit 602, enters the 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity 601 through the microstrip probe unit 602, and finally is input into the standard waveguide 603 to be synthesized and vertically output to the combining step waveguide unit 500.

The microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit 600 makes the microstrip probe unit 602 go deep into the standard waveguide 603, and synthesizes and propagates the electromagnetic field in the waveguide in a microstrip-to-waveguide manner. The electromagnetic field is transmitted in the waveguide with small insertion loss, and the mode of converting the micro-strip into the waveguide can realize the conversion from plane to space electromagnetic transmission, inherit the advantage of good heat dissipation of plane electromagnetic transmission, and is favorable for being integrated with an external pushing-level circuit, thereby realizing high integration in a small volume range.

In the combination step waveguide unit 500, the signal is vertically transmitted to the third step waveguide 503, sequentially transmitted through the third step waveguide 503, the second step waveguide 502 and the first step waveguide 501, and transmitted to the combination rectangular branch structure 400 in the horizontal direction after reaching the first step waveguide 501. The regulation of the three-step waveguide can effectively realize the transmission of the rectangular waveguide with the broadband working bandwidth in a TE10 mode.

In the combination rectangular branch structure 400, signals are sequentially input into the second combination rectangular waveguide branch 402 and the first combination rectangular waveguide branch 401, and the signals transmitted through the rectangular branch structure 400 are combined into one signal in the combination cylindrical waveguide and input into the third combination cylindrical waveguide 103.

The signal sequentially passes through the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 and the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101 and then is transmitted to the coaxial ridge waveguide unit 300.

In the specific implementation process, when the height of the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 is selected, the height of the third combined cylindrical waveguide is determined to be half of the length of the minimum working wavelength of the power combiner, so that the main mode of an electromagnetic field passing through the cylindrical waveguide is a TM00 mode, the height of the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103 can determine the working mode of the power combiner, and the height of the third combined cylindrical waveguide is selected to be smaller than the normal working wavelength to effectively inhibit a higher-order mode. The radius lengths and heights of the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102, the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, the fourth combining cylindrical waveguide 201 and the fifth combining cylindrical waveguide 202 can improve the matching of the whole radial combining cylinder, and eliminate the influence caused by high-order modes in the rectangular waveguide and the coaxial metal cylinder 303.

Since a part of each adjacent combining rectangular branch structure 400 is covered by the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, an isolated port between the combining rectangular branch structures 400 is realized, so that the ports between the combining rectangular branch structures 400 are higher in isolation and mutually independent, and the whole power combiner does not need to additionally add an isolator, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic isolation diagram of each combining rectangular branch structure 400 of the power combiner provided in this embodiment. Meanwhile, when one power amplifier unit matched with the power synthesizer is damaged, the other power amplifier units matched with the power synthesizer can still normally work, the output power of the power synthesizer is only reduced according to a certain proportion, the stability and the reliability of the power synthesizer are improved, and the efficiency of the synthesizer is higher and the manufacturing cost is lower because an isolator does not need to be additionally added.

The operating frequency of the power combiner can be effectively determined by adjusting the radius of the third combined cylindrical waveguide 103, the width and length of the first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401, and the width of the second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402. The first combined rectangular waveguide branch 401 determines the transmission wavelength in the rectangular waveguide, and adjusting the width and length thereof appropriately can reduce the effect of mode change of the wide waveguide connecting the narrow waveguide, and can also increase the wavelength of the lower frequency band for transmission. In this embodiment, the second combined rectangular waveguide branch 402 is a standard operating wavelength waveguide.

In the coaxial ridge-to-waveguide unit 300, the combined coaxial signal output by the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 passes through the coaxial metal cylinder 303, the three-level metal step 302 and the standard waveguide 301 in sequence, and then is converted into a standard rectangular waveguide and output.

The signal is transmitted along the surface of the first cylinder 3031 to the second cylinder 3032 while passing through the coaxial metal cylinder 303, the first cylinder 3031 is coaxial with the waveguide, the electromagnetic field excites the desired TEM wave, and the transition from the TEM mode to the TM10 mode is accomplished when the signal is output through the standard waveguide 301. In the coaxial ridge waveguide unit 300, the ridge waveguide conversion is mainly mode conversion and impedance matching, and the main mode of the ridge waveguide is the TE10 mode.

The first cylinder 3031 in the coaxial metal cylinder 303 determines the minimum power capacity of the power combiner, as shown in fig. 4, the power capacity can be increased by appropriately increasing the radius of the first cylinder 3031 at the hatched portion of the oblique line, and the skin effect loss during transmission can be effectively reduced by selecting a low-loss dielectric material (such as surface gold plating). The coaxial ridge-turning waveguide unit 300 with the structure has the advantages of small loss, wide frequency band and compact structure, and can be conveniently processed integrally.

The TEM wave will generate a large electromagnetic field change when passing through the connection of the standard waveguide 301, but because the radial combining unit 100 has a plurality of completely symmetrical combining rectangular branch structures 400 and a plurality of symmetrical cylindrical waveguides, the electromagnetic field has a high symmetry in the transmission direction, so that the phases of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 are the same and the amplitude is the same during power synthesis, and the influence of the electromagnetic field change is avoided, which helps the whole synthesizer achieve a low loss.

In the radial power combiner based on the E-plane provided by this embodiment, the input signal is divided into multiple paths of signals with consistent amplitude and phase by the combining rectangular branch structure 400 with a symmetrical structure, and power distribution with high efficiency, low loss and high power capacity is realized by the combining cylindrical waveguide, and meanwhile, the higher-order mode is effectively suppressed. All parts of the adjacent combining rectangular branch structures 400 are covered by the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, so that the isolation ports between the combining rectangular branch structures 400 are realized, the isolation degree of the ports between the combining rectangular branch structures 400 is higher, the signal reflection of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 is effectively inhibited, the return loss of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 and the signal crosstalk between the combining rectangular branch structures 400 are solved, the multi-path high-efficiency power synthesis is more stable and reliable, and the return loss schematic diagram of the common end of the power synthesizer provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 6. And the synthesizer reduces the arrangement of external isolators, can effectively shorten the size of the whole machine and improve the efficiency of the whole power amplifier, and has great competitive advantage in economic cost. The power combiner adopts the E-plane combining unit, so that the power combiner has great advantages in integration and miniaturization, and can be directly integrated with a post-stage circuit on the same plane.

Example 2

Based on the same concept as embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides an E-plane based radial power splitter.

As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the radial power splitter based on the E-plane includes a coaxial receiving unit 10, a waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20, a radial branching unit 30, a branching step waveguide unit 50, and a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60.

As shown in fig. 8, the coaxial receiving unit 10 is configured to receive a signal and transmit the signal to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20. In a specific embodiment, since the power of the common end of the power divider is relatively large, theoretically 50-110 w, in order to ensure the transmission of the power divider to be safe and reliable, an SMA high-power joint-coaxial probe is adopted as the coaxial receiving unit 10.

The waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 is configured to transmit signals to the radial combining unit 30. As shown in fig. 8 to 9, the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 includes a first cylinder 201, a second cylinder 202, and an air cavity 203. The width of the second cylinder 202 is the same as the width of the air cavity 203, and a section of the first cylinder 201 is separated between the air cavity 203 and the second cylinder 202, which is indicated by diagonal hatching in fig. 9, and in a specific embodiment, the separated section of the first cylinder 201 is 50 ohms.

As shown in fig. 7 to 8, the radial branching unit 30 includes at least a first branching cylindrical waveguide 31, a second branching cylindrical waveguide 32, and a third branching cylindrical waveguide 33, which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of branching rectangular branching structures 40. Each of the branched rectangular branching structures 40 is radially and symmetrically arranged with the axes of the first branched cylindrical waveguide 31, the second branched cylindrical waveguide 32, and the third branched cylindrical waveguide 33 as the axis, and is composed of a first branched rectangular waveguide branch 41 and a second branched rectangular waveguide branch 42.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the number of the branched rectangular branch structures 40 is 8, and each is radially and symmetrically arranged with the axis of the branched cylindrical waveguide as an axis.

In a preferred embodiment, the radial branching unit 30 further comprises a fourth branching cylindrical waveguide 34 and a fifth branching cylindrical waveguide 35, which are coaxially arranged. The first branching cylindrical waveguide 31, the second branching cylindrical waveguide 32, the third branching cylindrical waveguide 33, the fourth branching cylindrical waveguide 34 and the fifth branching cylindrical waveguide 35 together constitute a radial branching cylinder.

In the each-branching rectangular branching structure 40, the first branching rectangular waveguide branch 41 is located closer to the first branching cylindrical waveguide 31, the second branching cylindrical waveguide 32, and the third branching cylindrical waveguide 33 than the second branching rectangular waveguide branch 42.

A part of the rectangular branch structure 40 is covered by the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33. And parts of the adjacent branch rectangular branch structures 40 are covered by the third branch cylindrical waveguide 33, so that isolated ports between the branch rectangular branch structures 40 are realized, and the ports between the branch rectangular branch structures 40 are higher in isolation degree and are mutually independent.

As shown in fig. 7, each of the branched rectangular branching structures 40 is connected to a branched step waveguide unit 50 and a waveguide-to-microstrip transition circuit 60 at an end far from the branched cylindrical waveguide.

The shunt step waveguide unit 50 is used for transmitting the horizontally transmitted signal to the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60 in the vertical direction.

As shown in fig. 7, specifically, the branching step waveguide unit 50 is composed of three-step waveguides, which are a first step waveguide 51, a second step waveguide 52, and a third step waveguide 53, respectively.

The waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60 is configured to output the received signal in a waveguide-to-microstrip manner.

As shown in fig. 7, specifically, the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60 is composed of a 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity 61, a microstrip probe unit 62, and a standard waveguide 63. In a specific embodiment, the standard waveguide 63 is selected from standard WR159 waveguides.

In the radial power divider based on the E-plane provided in this embodiment, the signal flows as follows:

the coaxial receiving unit 10 receives the signal and transmits the signal to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20.

In the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20, the coaxial signal output from the coaxial receiving unit 10 is transmitted to the second cylinder 202 along the surface of the first cylinder 201, and transmitted to the radial branching unit 30 via the second cylinder 202.

In the radial branching unit 30, the signal sequentially passes through the first branching cylindrical waveguide 31, the second branching cylindrical waveguide 32 and the third branching cylindrical waveguide 33 and then is divided into a plurality of branch signals, and each branch signal is transmitted to a branch rectangular branching structure 40.

In the branching rectangular branching structure 40, a signal is sequentially input to the first branching rectangular waveguide branch 41 and the second branching rectangular waveguide branch 42, and is output to the branching step waveguide unit 50.

In the branching step waveguide unit 50, the signal is horizontally transmitted to the first step waveguide 51, sequentially transmitted through the first step waveguide 51, the second step waveguide 52 and the third step waveguide 53, and after reaching the third step waveguide 53, is converted into the vertical direction and transmitted to the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60. The regulation of the three-step waveguide can effectively realize the transmission of the rectangular waveguide with the broadband working bandwidth in a TE10 mode.

In the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60, a signal is input to the standard waveguide 63, enters the microstrip probe unit 62 through the 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity 61, and is output from the microstrip probe unit 62.

The radial power divider based on the E plane provided in this embodiment is based on the same utility model concept as the radial power combiner based on the E plane provided in embodiment 1, and the two are used in cooperation to perform signal processing, so that the same parts exist in the design and the principle thereof, and the design principle, the beneficial effects thereof, and the optional and preferred embodiments of the radial power combiner, which have been described in embodiment 1, are not repeated in this embodiment.

Example 3

Based on the same concept as embodiments 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a radial synthesizer complete machine based on an E surface.

As shown in fig. 10 to 11, the radial combiner complete machine includes an E-plane-based radial power combiner 1, an E-plane-based radial power divider 2, and several power amplifiers (not shown in fig. 10 and 11). Each power amplifier is located at a position a indicated in fig. 11, at a signal connection of the radial power divider 2 and the radial power combiner 1, and is configured to power-amplify a signal output by the radial power divider 2 and input the amplified signal to the radial power combiner 1.

The radial power combiner 1 based on the E-plane in this embodiment is the same as the radial power combiner provided in embodiment 1, and the radial power divider 2 based on the E-plane in this embodiment is the same as the radial power divider provided in embodiment 2. As shown in fig. 10 to 11, the number of the combining rectangular branch structures 400 of the radial power combiner 1 is the same as the number of the splitting rectangular branch structures 40 of the radial power divider 2, and the positions thereof correspond to each other. Each of the branch rectangular branch structure 40 and the combination rectangular branch structure 400 corresponds to a power amplifier.

With reference to fig. 1 to 4 and 7 to 12, in the complete radial combiner based on E-plane provided in this embodiment, the signal flows as follows:

the signal is received by the coaxial receiving unit 10 of the radial power splitter 2, and in the radial power splitter 2, the coaxial receiving unit 10 transmits the received signal to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20.

The waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20 transmits the signal to the radial combining unit 30. In the waveguide-to-coaxial unit 20, the signal is transmitted to the second cylinder 202 along the surface of the first cylinder 201, and transmitted to the radial branching unit 30 through the second cylinder 202.

In the radial branching unit 20, the signal sequentially passes through the first branching cylindrical waveguide 31, the second branching cylindrical waveguide 32 and the third branching cylindrical waveguide 33 and then is divided into a plurality of branch signals, and each branch signal is transmitted to a branch rectangular branching structure 40.

In the branching rectangular branching structure 40, a signal is sequentially input to the first branching rectangular waveguide branch 41 and the second branching rectangular waveguide branch 42, and is output to the branching step waveguide unit 50.

In the branching step waveguide unit 50, the signal is horizontally transmitted to the first step waveguide 51, sequentially transmitted through the first step waveguide 51, the second step waveguide 52 and the third step waveguide 53, and after reaching the third step waveguide 53, is converted into the vertical direction and transmitted to the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60.

In the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit 60, a signal is input into a standard waveguide 63, enters a microstrip probe unit 62 through a 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity 61, and is output from the microstrip probe unit 62 to a power amplifier.

The power amplifier amplifies the power of the radio frequency signal output by the microstrip probe unit 62 and outputs the amplified radio frequency signal to the radial power combiner 1.

In the radial power combiner 1, each path of branch signal enters from the microstrip probe unit 602 corresponding to the combining rectangular branch structure 40, enters the 1/4 wavelength reflection cavity 601 through the microstrip probe unit 602, and is finally input into the standard waveguide 603 to be combined and vertically output to the combining step waveguide unit 500.

In the combination step waveguide unit 500, the signal is vertically transmitted to the third step waveguide 503, sequentially transmitted through the third step waveguide 503, the second step waveguide 502 and the first step waveguide 501, and transmitted to the combination rectangular branch structure 400 in the horizontal direction after reaching the first step waveguide 501.

In the combining rectangular branch structure 400, the signals are sequentially input into the second combining rectangular waveguide branch 402 and the first combining rectangular waveguide branch 401, and the signals transmitted through the rectangular branch structure 400 are combined into one signal in the combining cylindrical waveguide and input into the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103.

The signal sequentially passes through the third combining cylindrical waveguide 103, the second combining cylindrical waveguide 102 and the first combining cylindrical waveguide 101 and then is transmitted to the coaxial ridge waveguide unit 300.

In the coaxial ridge-to-waveguide unit 300, the combined coaxial signal output by the first combined cylindrical waveguide 101 passes through the coaxial metal cylinder 303, the three-level metal step 302 and the standard waveguide 301 in sequence, and then is converted into a standard rectangular waveguide and output. The signal travels along the surface of the first cylinder 3031 to the second cylinder 3032 as it passes through the coaxial metallic cylinder 303.

In the radial synthesizer complete machine with the E surface, a radio frequency signal passes through a high-power SMA joint coaxial probe and then is transferred into a shunt cylindrical waveguide, an input signal is divided into multiple paths of signals with consistent amplitude and phase (the isolation degree is similar to that of an external waveguide isolator) through a shunt rectangular branch structure 40 with an isolated symmetrical structure, power distribution with high efficiency, low loss and high power capacity is achieved through a circular waveguide, and meanwhile, a high order mode is effectively restrained.

The high isolation (greater than 12 dB) between the bifurcating rectangular branching structure 40 and the combining rectangular branching structure 400 makes the power amplifiers independent of each other.

In the radial power divider 1, signals are changed by three steps 51 to 53 to transmit a TE10 mode transmitted in space to waveguide-to-microstrip units 61 to 63, are amplified by power amplifiers with equal amplitude and same phase, enter the combiner rectangular branch structure 40 through microstrip-to-waveguide units 601 to 603, and are transmitted in the highly symmetric radial power combiner 2 through three steps 501 to 503 in order to realize high bandwidth transmission. Finally, in the radial power combiner 2, a larger power is output after being processed in the coaxial ridge waveguide units 301 to 303 (if the signal input into the radial power divider 1 is about 110w, the signal power finally output from the radial power combiner 2 can reach 600 to 1000 w), and the whole transmission is mostly completed in the radial waveguide, so that the combining efficiency is higher, and the efficiency of the whole testing machine is more than 85%. Because the radial power combiner 1 and the radial power divider 2 are provided with high isolation units, when one power amplifier is damaged, the other power amplifiers can still work normally, and the output power of the radial power combiner 2 is only reduced according to a certain proportion, so that the stability and the reliability of the whole machine are improved. Meanwhile, signal isolation also realizes good port matching, so that multi-path high-efficiency power synthesis is more stable and reliable, and because the radial power synthesizer 1 and the radial power distributor 2 both adopt E-plane synthesis/distribution units, the device has great advantages in integration miniaturization and can be directly integrated with a rear-stage circuit on the same plane. The whole machine reduces external isolators, can effectively shorten the size of the whole machine and improve the efficiency of the whole power amplifier, and has great competitive advantage in economic cost.

It is obvious that the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limitations to the specific embodiments of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A radial power combiner based on an E surface is characterized by comprising a radial combining unit, a combining step waveguide unit, a microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit and a coaxial ridge waveguide unit;

the radial combining unit at least comprises a first combining cylindrical waveguide, a second combining cylindrical waveguide, a third combining cylindrical waveguide and a plurality of combining rectangular branch structures which are coaxially arranged;

each path of combination rectangular branch structure is radially and symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the combination cylindrical waveguide as an axis and consists of a first combination rectangular waveguide branch and a second combination rectangular waveguide branch;

in each path of combination rectangular branch structure, the position of the first combination rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the combination cylindrical waveguide than the position of the second combination rectangular waveguide branch;

a part of the second combined path cylindrical waveguide covers the two adjacent combined path rectangular branch structures;

each path of combination rectangular branch structure is connected with a combination step waveguide unit and a microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit at one end far away from the combination cylindrical waveguide;

the microstrip-to-waveguide conversion circuit is used for receiving radio frequency signals and transmitting the signals to the combining step waveguide unit in a microstrip-to-waveguide mode;

the combination step waveguide unit is used for transmitting the vertically transmitted signals to the combination rectangular branch structure in a horizontal direction;

the signals transmitted by each path of combination rectangular branch structure are combined into a path of signal at the combination cylindrical waveguide, and are sequentially transmitted to the coaxial ridge-turning waveguide unit through the third combination cylindrical waveguide, the second combination cylindrical waveguide and the first combination cylindrical waveguide;

the coaxial ridge waveguide unit and the combining cylindrical waveguide are coaxially arranged and used for converting the coaxial signals synthesized by the radial combining unit into standard rectangular waveguides and outputting the standard rectangular waveguides.

2. The E-plane based radial power combiner of claim 1, wherein the coaxial ridge waveguide unit comprises a coaxial metal cylinder, a three-level metal step, and a standard waveguide.

3. The E-plane based radial power combiner of claim 1, wherein the microstrip to waveguide conversion circuit comprises a 1/4 wavelength reflective cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

4. The E-plane based radial power combiner of claim 1, wherein the combining step waveguide unit is composed of a three-step waveguide.

5. The E-plane based radial power combiner of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the radial combining unit further comprises a fourth combining cylindrical waveguide and a fifth combining cylindrical waveguide coaxially disposed.

6. A radial power divider based on an E surface is characterized by comprising a coaxial receiving unit, a waveguide-to-coaxial unit, a radial shunt unit, a shunt step waveguide unit and a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit;

the coaxial receiving unit is used for receiving signals and transmitting the signals to the waveguide-to-coaxial unit;

the waveguide-to-coaxial unit is used for transmitting signals to the radial combining unit;

the radial branch unit at least comprises a first branch cylindrical waveguide, a second branch cylindrical waveguide, a third branch cylindrical waveguide and a plurality of branch rectangular branch structures which are coaxially arranged;

each branch rectangular branch structure is radially and symmetrically arranged by taking the shaft of the branch cylindrical waveguide as an axis and consists of a first branch rectangular waveguide branch and a second branch rectangular waveguide branch;

in each branch rectangular branch structure, the position of the first branch rectangular waveguide branch is closer to the branch cylindrical waveguide than the position of the second branch rectangular waveguide branch;

a part of the rectangular branch structure between two adjacent branches is covered by a third branch cylindrical waveguide;

each branch rectangular branch structure is connected with a branch step waveguide unit and a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit at one end far away from the branch cylindrical waveguide;

the radial branch unit receives signals from the coaxial unit, the signals are divided into a plurality of branch signals after sequentially passing through the first branch cylindrical waveguide, the second branch cylindrical waveguide and the third branch cylindrical waveguide, and each branch signal is respectively transmitted to a branch rectangular branch structure;

each path of signal transmitted by the branch rectangular branch structure is transmitted to the branch step waveguide unit;

the shunt step waveguide unit is used for transmitting the horizontally transmitted signal to the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit in the vertical direction;

the waveguide-to-microstrip conversion circuit is used for outputting the received signal in a waveguide-to-microstrip conversion mode.

7. The E-plane based radial power splitter of claim 6, wherein the waveguide to microstrip conversion circuit comprises a 1/4 wavelength reflective cavity, a microstrip probe unit and a standard waveguide.

8. The E-plane based radial power splitter of claim 6, wherein the shunt step waveguide unit is comprised of a three-step waveguide.

9. The E-plane based radial power splitter of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the radial branching unit further comprises a fourth branching cylindrical waveguide and a fifth branching cylindrical waveguide which are coaxially arranged.

10. An E-plane-based radial combiner complete machine, which is characterized by comprising an E-plane-based radial power combiner of any one of claims 1 to 5, a plurality of power amplifiers and an E-plane-based radial power divider of any one of claims 6 to 9;

the radial power divider is used for dividing the received signal into a plurality of branch signals and inputting each branch signal into a power amplifier;

the power amplifier is used for amplifying the received sub-signals and transmitting the amplified sub-signals to the radial power combiner;

the radial power combiner is used for combining the received sub-signals into one path and outputting the path.

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