CN218755614U

CN218755614U - Pulverized coal rotational flow high-temperature backflow preheating destructive distillation combustion gasification device

Info

Publication number: CN218755614U
Application number: CN202223116916.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 樊海强; 陈维汉; 樊少阳
Original assignee: Hubei Sino New Material Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Sino New Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-11-23
Filing date: 2022-11-23
Publication date: 2023-03-28
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-23

Abstract

The utility model relates to a buggy whirl high temperature backward flow preheats dry distillation combustion gasification's device, can effectively solve prior art hot coal gas temperature and composition uncontrollable, problem with high costs not environmental protection, the technical scheme of its solution is, the furnace body is by upper and lower confined two steel drum bodies by different diameters build the bottle type structure that refractory material made by laying bricks or stones in vivo, its upper cylinder shape is bell jar shape, its inner space constitutes buggy dry distillation room, and connect the cylinder of lower part through its lower part circular cone, the internal upper portion of drum is equipped with the combustion gasification room, the lower part is equipped with gas cyclone chamber, buggy dry distillation room lower part horizontal tangential is connected with buggy air current feeding device, gas cyclone chamber gathers the circuit through hot coal gas and is linked together with hot coal gas contact tube, the utility model has the advantages of firm safe and compact reasonable optimization structure and energy-conserving and environmental protection, be the innovation on the device of buggy air current's the dry distillation of preheating and combustion gasification.

Description

Pulverized coal rotational flow high-temperature backflow preheating destructive distillation combustion gasification device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a pulverized coal gasification furnace, in particular to a pulverized coal rotational flow high-temperature backflow preheating destructive distillation combustion gasification device.

Background

The preheating, dry distillation and combustion gasification device (or kiln) for coal powder airflow is a thermal equipment for providing proper high-temperature producer gas (hereinafter referred to as hot gas), generally called as hot gas producer, and because the environmental protection requirement is once stopped, the producer gas is replaced by natural gas. However, with the improvement of the coal powder gasification process and the great demand of the comprehensive utilization of coal, the coal powder gasification device and the related technology thereof are still greatly developed, especially for large coal gasification devices. Due to various reasons, the rising price of energy, especially the rising price of natural gas, becomes the toggle for normal use of many heat utilization equipments (such as various furnaces). Therefore, on the premise of environmental protection and standard reaching, clean hot coal gas is generated by using high-quality coal powder or the clean hot coal gas can be an effective means for replacing natural gas and other fuel gases. The technical problems to be solved at present are how to realize the technical requirements of stable structure, safe operation, controllable temperature and components of hot gas, energy conservation, high efficiency, low cost and low pollutant discharge.

Disclosure of Invention

To the above situation, for solving prior art's defect, the utility model aims at providing a buggy whirl high temperature backward flow preheats dry distillation burning gasification's device, can effectively solve prior art hot gas temperature and composition uncontrollable, problem with high costs not environmental protection.

The utility model provides a technical scheme be, including the furnace body, the furnace body builds the bottle type structure that refractory material made by laying bricks or stones in two steel drum bodies of different diameters confined from top to bottom, its upper portion barrel shape is bell jar shape, its inner space constitutes buggy dry distillation room, and connect the cylinder of lower part through its lower part circular cone barrel, the internal upper portion of drum is equipped with the combustion gasification room, the lower part is equipped with gas cyclone, buggy room lower part level tangential is connected with buggy dry distillation feeding device, gas cyclone collects the ring way and is linked together with the hot coal gas contact tube through hot coal gas.

The utility model discloses realize carrying in a large number of highly-compressed air to the buggy with buggy air current feeding device, adopt the strong whirl to realize the evenly distributed of circumference air current in the buggy air current homogenization return circuit, take dry distillation roof portion to draw to penetrate the more abundant mixture that the buggy air current was accomplished to the hot coal gas of backward flow and preheat and the dry distillation, make the buggy air current produce the abundant stop that the whirlpool flows the realization buggy that stops with accomplish gasification as early as possible with the big gasification combustion chamber structure of diameter in the middle of the diameter is little at both ends diameter, and adopt to collect the structure that the return circuit draws combustion air current and realize not deriving after the effective separation and the even collection of the hot coal gas air current that is influenced by the combustion air current discharge pipe. Therefore, the utility model discloses firm safe and compact reasonable optimization structure has been had, the good performance of high gasification efficiency, high coal gas quality, high controllable adjustability and energy-conservation and environmental protection has been revealed, is the innovation on the device of the dry distillation of preheating of buggy air current and burning gasification.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the cross section of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a dry distillation chamber part according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the gas cyclone separation chamber of the structure of the utility model.

The coal powder dry distillation device comprises a coal powder dry distillation chamber wall body 1, a coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1, a coal powder airflow homogenizing ring wall 1-3, a coal powder airflow homogenizing ring channel 1-4, an air adjusting injection pipe 1-5, a dry distillation airflow outlet channel 1-6, a coal powder ash and slag discharge channel 1-7, a coal powder airflow guide ring channel 1-8, a backflow hot coal gas inlet pipe 1-9, a jet mixed fuel gas inlet pipe 1-9, a coal powder airflow supply device 2-1, a coal powder feeding airflow reducing channel 2-1, an air ejecting coal powder mixing chamber 2-2, a coal powder airflow gradually expanding channel 2-3, a coal powder airflow injection port 2-4, a coal powder delivery bin 2-5, a coal powder delivery pipe 2-6, a combustion gasification chamber wall body 3-1, a combustion gasification chamber 3-2, a fuel gas cyclone separation chamber 3-3, a hot coal gas collecting orifice 3-4, a hot coal gas collecting ring channel 3-5, a hot coal gas delivery pipe 3-6, a ash and slag discharge port 3-7 backflow hot gas outlet pipe 3-8, a backflow hot gas pipe 4 and a furnace bottom.

Detailed Description

The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figures 1-3, the utility model comprises a furnace body, the furnace body is built by laying bricks or stones the bottle type structure that refractory material made in two steel drum bodies of different diameters that are sealed from top to bottom, the drum body shape of its upper portion is bell jar shape, its inner space constitutes buggy dry distillation chamber 1-1, and connect the cylinder of lower part through its lower part circular cone, the internal upper portion of drum is equipped with combustion gasification chamber 3-1, the lower part is equipped with gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, buggy dry distillation chamber 1-1 lower part horizontal tangential is connected with buggy air current supply device 2, gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is linked together with hot coal gas eduction tube 3-5 through hot coal gas collection circuit 3-4.

In order to ensure the using effect, the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 is an inner space of a coal powder dry distillation chamber wall body 1, a cylindrical coal powder airflow homogenizing ring wall 1-2 built from a combustion gasification chamber wall body 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1, a dry distillation airflow outlet channel 1-5 is arranged in the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1, a coal powder airflow homogenizing ring channel 1-3 is formed between the outer side of the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 and the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall body 1, a coal powder airflow guiding ring channel 1-7 is arranged on the outer side wall of the coal powder airflow homogenizing ring channel 1-3, and coal powder ash and slag discharge channels 1-6 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the coal powder airflow homogenizing ring channel 1-3 along the circumferential direction and are communicated with the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 downwards.

The top of the wall body 1 of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber is vertically connected with a tubular tapered jet mixed gas inlet pipe 1-9, the center of the top of the jet mixed gas inlet pipe 1-9 is inserted with a tubular tapered regulated air injection pipe 1-4, and the side surface is provided with a backflow hot gas inlet pipe 1-8; in order to strengthen the preheating and flow guiding effects of the dry distillation chamber, the top of the dry distillation chamber is provided with jet mixed gas inlet pipes 1-9, the top end of the dry distillation chamber is provided with air adjusting injection pipes 1-4, the side wall of the dry distillation chamber is provided with backflow hot coal gas inlet pipes 1-8, the amount of hot coal gas entering from the backflow hot coal gas inlet pipes 1-8 is sucked by adjusting air injected by the air adjusting injection pipes 1-4 to form high-temperature mixed gas flow which is injected downwards, and then the high-temperature mixed gas flow meets the upward strong swirling coal powder gas flow in the dry distillation chamber 1-1, so that the preheating and dry distillation processes of the coal powder gas flow are further strengthened, and the flowing kinetic energy of the dry distillation gas flow which enters the dry distillation gas flow outlet channels 1-5 downwards is also strengthened.

The coal powder airflow supply device 2 is of a horizontally arranged cylindrical structure, and is sequentially communicated with a powder feeding airflow reducing passage 2-1, an air injection coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 and a coal powder airflow gradually-expanding passage 2-3 along the central axis of the coal powder airflow supply device to form a Venturi passage of a scaling structure, the upper part of the air injection coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 is vertically communicated with a coal powder conveying pipe 2-6, and the upper end of the coal powder conveying pipe 2-6 is communicated with a cone-bucket-shaped coal powder conveying bin 2-5; the coal powder airflow divergent channel 2-3 is communicated with the coal powder airflow guide ring groove 1-7 through a coal powder airflow jet inlet 2-4, so that a higher airflow speed is formed by a higher pressure air flow (primary air) entering from the coal powder feeding airflow convergent channel 2-1, a large amount of coal powder entering from the coal powder delivery pipe 2-6 is carried by the air jet coal powder mixing chamber 2-2, a high coal powder concentration coal powder airflow is formed in the coal powder airflow divergent channel 2-3, the coal powder airflow enters the coal powder airflow guide ring groove 1-7 through the coal powder airflow jet inlet 2-4, a strong rotational flow coal powder airflow which is uniform in the circumferential direction and rotates rapidly is formed under the flow guiding of the strong rotational flow coal powder airflow, the strong rotational flow coal powder airflow upwards enters the coal powder carbonization chamber 1-1 through the guiding rotational flow of the coal powder airflow homogenization ring channel 1-3, and is preheated by the radiation effect of the carbonization chamber to form a carbonization airflow (airflow after carbonization), and the coal powder returns downwards and enters the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 through the carbonization airflow outlet channel 1-5; the Venturi passage structure is used for increasing the ejection amount of the pulverized coal and reducing the flow resistance of pulverized coal conveying.

The combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is built by a combustion gasification chamber wall 3, the upper part of the combustion gasification chamber wall is communicated with the pulverized coal carbonization chamber 1-1 through a carbonization airflow outlet channel 1-5, and the lower part of the combustion gasification chamber wall is communicated with a fuel gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2; a hot gas collecting loop 3-4 is arranged in a wall 3 of the combustion gasification chamber at the outer side of the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 and the hot gas collecting loop 3-4 are communicated by a hot gas collecting hole 3-3 arranged on the outer wall of the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, the outer side of the hot gas collecting loop 3-4 is communicated with a hot gas outlet pipe 3-5, the upper part of the pipe wall of the hot gas outlet pipe 3-5 is vertically and upwardly connected with a backflow hot gas outlet pipe 3-7, and the backflow hot gas outlet pipe 3-7 is communicated with a backflow hot gas inlet pipe 1-8 through a backflow hot gas pipe 3-8.

The hot coal gas collecting hole 3-3 is a rectangular section hole which is arranged in a multi-layer mode up and down and is uniformly distributed with circumferential multi-hole openings, a circumferential inclined section which is consistent with the gas cyclone direction is arranged at one end, close to the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, of the hot coal gas collecting hole 3-3, and the inclination angle of the circumferential inclined section is 15-25 degrees.

The center of the bottom of the fuel gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is provided with a trumpet-shaped ash residue discharge port 3-6 communicated with the fuel gas cyclone separation chamber and is vertical to the furnace bottom 4.

The combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is a conical space with an upper conical cylinder and a lower cylinder, the diameter of the combustion gasification chamber is larger than that of the carbonization airflow outlet channel 1-5, and the swirling airflow can form a central backflow vortex by utilizing the swirling wall attachment effect; therefore, the dry distillation airflow flowing out of the dry distillation airflow outlet channel 1-5 enables the pulverized coal airflow to flow in a strong vortex mode by utilizing the combustion gasification chamber structure, the pulverized coal is fully retained, partially combusted and fully gasified, the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is transited to the lower fuel gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 to form a contracted conical cylinder, and the flow effect of the strong vortex is enhanced.

The utility model is used as shown in figures 1-3, which is a bottle-shaped structure formed by building refractory materials in two steel cylinders with different diameters and closed up and down, wherein the built refractory materials comprise heavy temperature-resistant bearing materials, light heat-insulating materials, ceramic fiber felts and structural steel shells from inside to outside, the upper cylinder is bell-shaped, the inner space of the coal powder dry distillation chamber forms a coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 and is connected with a larger cylinder at the lower part through a conical cylinder at the lower part of the coal powder dry distillation chamber, the upper part of the inner space is a combustion gasification chamber 3-1, the lower part of the inner space is a fuel gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, a coal powder airflow supply device 2 is horizontally and tangentially connected into the lower part of the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1, and a hot coal gas outlet pipe 3-5 is connected out from the middle part of the fuel gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2; specifically, a coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 is an inner space of a coal powder dry distillation chamber wall body 1, a cylindrical coal powder airflow homogenizing ring wall 1-2 built from a combustion gasification chamber wall body 3 is arranged in the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall body, a dry distillation airflow outlet channel 1-5 is formed in the coal powder airflow homogenizing ring wall, a coal powder airflow homogenizing ring channel 1-3 is formed between the outer side of the coal powder airflow homogenizing ring wall and the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall body 1, coal powder airflow guide ring grooves 1-7 are arranged on the outer side of the ring channel, coal powder ash and slag discharge channels 1-6 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the coal powder airflow homogenizing ring channel along the circumferential direction and are communicated with the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 downwards, a tubular tapered jet flow mixed gas inlet pipe 1-9 is vertically connected to the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall body 1, a tubular tapered adjusting air injection pipe 1-4 is inserted in the center of the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber, and a backflow hot gas inlet pipe 1-8 is communicated with the coal powder injection pipe;

the coal powder airflow supply device 2 is of a horizontally arranged cylindrical structure, a powder feeding airflow reducing channel 2-1 is arranged on the left side of the central axis of the coal powder airflow supply device and is used for communicating an air injection coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 on the right side of the coal powder airflow supply device and then communicating a coal powder airflow reducing channel 2-3 until the coal powder airflow reducing channel is horizontally communicated with a coal powder airflow guide annular groove 1-7 on the right side of the coal powder airflow reducing channel in a tangential manner through a coal powder airflow injection port 2-4 and is arranged on the outer side wall surface of a coal powder airflow homogenizing annular groove 1-3; a vertical coal powder conveying pipe 2-6 is arranged above the air injection coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 and communicated with the air injection coal powder mixing chamber, and a conical hopper-shaped coal powder conveying bin 2-5 is communicated with the upper end of the coal powder conveying pipe 2-6;

the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is formed by building a combustion gasification chamber wall 3, the upper part of the combustion gasification chamber is communicated with the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber 1-1 through a dry distillation airflow outlet channel 1-5, and the lower part of the combustion gasification chamber is communicated with a fuel gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2; hot gas collecting circular channels 3-4 are arranged in a wall body 3 of a combustion gasification chamber on the outer side of a gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, the hot gas collecting circular channels are communicated with each other through hot gas collecting orifices 3-3 arranged on the outer wall of the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, the hot gas collecting orifices 3-3 are rectangular cross-section orifices which are arranged in a multi-layer mode from top to bottom and are uniformly distributed with circumferential multi-hole orifices, a hot gas outlet pipe 3-5 is arranged on the outer side of the hot gas collecting circular channel 3-4 and communicated with the hot gas outlet pipe 3-5, a backflow hot gas outlet pipe 3-7 is vertically and upwards connected to the upper portion of the pipe wall of the hot gas outlet pipe 3-5, and is communicated with backflow hot gas inlet pipes 1-8 through backflow hot gas pipes 3-8; an ash residue outlet 3-6 of a trumpet-shaped tubular passage communicated with the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is led out from the center of the bottom of the gas cyclone separation chamber and is vertical to the bottom 4 of the pulverized coal dry distillation gasification device.

The pulverized coal airflow homogenizing loop 1-3 is in a rectangular cross section shape with an opening at the upper part, the width of the pulverized coal airflow homogenizing loop affects the circumferential uniformity degree of the pulverized coal airflow and the swirling strength of upward swirling airflow, the pulverized coal airflow guiding ring groove 1-7 arranged on the outer side of the lower part of the pulverized coal airflow homogenizing loop 1-3 is in a circular arc shape in cross section and is connected into the pulverized coal airflow injection port 2-4 in a tangential direction to realize smooth transition, so that the uniformity degree of the pulverized coal airflow moving along the circumferential direction is improved, and the turbulence degree of the pulverized coal airflow is reduced to reduce the movement resistance of the airflow.

The pulverized coal airflow homogenizing loop 1-3 is provided with a pulverized coal ash and slag discharge channel 1-6 which is arranged at the bottom of the pulverized coal airflow homogenizing loop 1-3 and is of a tubular structure with a rectangular cross section, vertically downwards and turns to be communicated with the combustion gasification chamber 3-1, most of pulverized coal ash and slag flowing through the combustion gasification chamber are pulverized coal particles with larger diameters, and the motion thrust is the pressure difference between the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber and the combustion gasification chamber;

the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 is vertically provided with a jet mixed gas inlet pipe 1-9 which is a tapered pipe with a tapered section, the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber is closed, a tubular tapered adjusting air injection pipe 1-4 is inserted into the center of the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber, the side surface of the coal powder dry distillation chamber is communicated with a backflow hot gas inlet pipe 1-8, under the action of high-pressure high-speed air injection in the adjusting air injection pipe 1-4, hot gas (thermal gasification gas) in the backflow hot gas inlet pipe 1-8 on the side surface rapidly enters the jet mixed gas inlet pipe 1-9 and downwards enters the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 through mutual mixing, and the inflow of the backflow high-temperature hot gas is determined by the structural shape of the adjusting air injection pipe 1-4 and the jet mixed gas inlet pipe 1-9, the diameter of the backflow hot gas inlet pipe 1-8 and the like.

The pulverized coal airflow supply device 2 is of a horizontal cylindrical structure, wherein a pulverized coal airflow reducing channel 2-1 is arranged on the left side and communicated with an air injection pulverized coal mixing chamber 2-2 on the right side and a pulverized coal airflow gradually expanding channel 2-3 on the right side, the pulverized coal airflow reducing channel, the air injection pulverized coal mixing chamber 2-2 on the right side and the pulverized coal airflow gradually expanding channel 2-3 on the right side are integrally formed into a convergent-divergent nozzle structure shape, a pulverized coal conveying pipe 2-6 is vertically communicated with the air injection pulverized coal mixing chamber 2-2 from the upper part, and the pulverized coal conveying pipe 2-6 is upwards communicated with a conical hopper-shaped pulverized coal conveying bin 2-5, so that low flow resistance and low air volume are achieved, high-speed carrying of large amount of pulverized coal is achieved, and high-concentration pulverized coal airflow entering the dry distillation gasification device at high speed is formed.

A hot gas collecting orifice 3-3 communicated with each other is arranged between the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 and the hot gas collecting loop 3-4, the structure of the hot gas collecting orifice is a rectangular cross-section orifice, and the hot gas collecting orifice is in a uniform arrangement state of an upper layer, a lower layer and a circumferential multi-orifice; the structure is beneficial to keeping the uniformity of the airflow field in the gasification combustion chamber 3-1 and the combustion cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and is not influenced by the flow state of the hot gas eduction tube 3-5, and the distribution uniformity of the airflow field is related to the number of the arranged orifice layers and the orifice quantity; in addition, one end of the hot coal gas collecting hole 3-3 close to the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is provided with a circumferential inclined section which is consistent with the gas cyclone direction, the inclination angle is less than 25 degrees, and the structural arrangement between the hot coal gas collecting hole and the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is beneficial to the inertial separation of coal dust ash slag in combustion gas flow and hot coal gas flow carrying the coal dust ash slag in the combustion gas flow when the coal dust ash slag enters the hot coal gas collecting hole 3-3 due to inertial forward.

The utility model is provided with a gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 with smaller diameter, a hot gas collecting loop 3-4 is arranged in the wall 3 of the combustion gasification chamber, and is communicated with the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 by a hot gas collecting hole 3-3, and a hot gas flow guide pipe 3-5 is communicated with the hot gas collecting loop 3-4 on the outer wall surface; the arrangement changes the structure of the airflow flow field, so that the combustion airflow of the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 can smoothly enter the hot gas collecting loop 3-4 through the hot gas collecting hole 3-3 and enter the heat utilization equipment through the hot gas outlet pipe 3-5, and the uniform cyclone flow field in the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 and the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 can not be influenced. In addition, one end of a hot coal gas gathering hole 3-3 with a rectangular cross section channel structure, which is close to the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, is provided with a circumferential inclination angle consistent with the gas cyclone direction, and meanwhile, the hot coal gas gathering hole is uniformly distributed by adopting an upper-lower multilayer distribution and a circumferential multi-hole distribution; the arrangement characteristic between the hot coal gas collecting hole 3-3 and the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is not only beneficial to the uniform distribution of an airflow flow field, but also can ensure that coal dust ash slag in cyclone gas moves forwards due to inertia and is separated from carried airflow (hot coal gas) when entering the hot coal gas collecting hole 3-3 (especially larger coal dust particles), so that the coal dust ash slag is automatically and gradually gathered at the bottom of the furnace and then is periodically discharged from the ash slag discharge port 3-6.

In the specific implementation process, air (primary combustion air) with certain pressure enters from a powder feeding airflow convergent channel 2-1 to form high-speed airflow to enter an air injection pulverized coal mixing chamber 2-2, pulverized coal falling from a pulverized coal conveying bin 2-5 through a pulverized coal conveying pipe 2-6 is sucked in an entrainment mode to form pulverized coal airflow mixed with the pulverized coal, and then the pulverized coal airflow enters a pulverized coal airflow injection port 2-4 through a pulverized coal airflow divergent channel 2-3; then tangentially enters a coal dust airflow guide ring groove 1-7 at the lower part of the coal dust airflow homogenizing loop 1-3 to form uniform strong rotational flow coal dust airflow, and then the rotational flow leaves the coal dust airflow homogenizing loop 1-3 upwards to enter a coal dust dry distillation chamber 1-1 and continues to rotate in a rotational flow upwards; in the process, regulated air flow is sprayed out from the regulated air spraying pipe 1-4 to enter the jet flow mixed hot coal gas inlet pipe 1-9, high-temperature hot coal gas entering from the backflow hot coal gas inlet pipe 1-8 is sucked to form high-temperature mixed air flow, and the high-temperature mixed air flow downwards enters the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 through an outlet of the jet flow mixed gas inlet pipe 1-9; the downward high-temperature mixed airflow meets the upward swirling pulverized coal airflow, and the downward high-temperature mixed airflow and the upward swirling pulverized coal airflow mutually swirl, mix and transfer heat, and the pulverized coal is heated to separate out volatile matters; after the dry distillation is completed or partially completed, the swirling pulverized coal airflow downwards enters a combustion gasification chamber 3-1 through a dry distillation airflow outlet channel 1-5; the pulverized coal ash and slag discharge channel 1-6 arranged at the bottom of the pulverized coal airflow homogenizing loop 1-3 can enable pulverized coal falling to the bottom of the loop to directly enter the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 through the channel in time, and continuously participate in the dry distillation and gasification processes of the pulverized coal airflow; the high temperature in the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 under the guidance of strong rotational flow enables the volatile components separated out by dry distillation of the coal dust to quickly complete combustion and release heat, meanwhile, the coal dust after dry distillation continuously realizes heat absorption gasification under the oxygen-deficient environment to decompose coal gas (mainly CO), primary combustion air flow rate is controlled and air flow rate is adjusted, proper reaction temperature in the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is maintained, coal dust air flow realizes coal gasification in the combustion gasification chamber as much as possible, and high-temperature fuel gas flow containing coal dust ash and a large amount of hot coal gas (mainly CO) is formed and enters the fuel gas rotational flow separation chamber 3-2; combustion gas flows through a hot gas collecting hole 3-3 to enter a hot gas collecting loop 3-4, then flows out of a hot gas leading-out pipe 3-5, and is sent to relevant heat utilization equipment and devices to be used as process gas; a backflow hot gas leading-out pipe 3-7 is connected to the upper part of the hot gas leading-out pipe 3-5, a part of hot gas is led out through the backflow hot gas leading-out pipe to become backflow hot gas, and then the backflow hot gas is led out through the backflow hot gas pipe 3-8 and upwards connected into the backflow hot gas leading-in pipe 1-8 to form backflow hot gas of the dry distillation gasification device to participate in the heating dry distillation, combustion and gasification processes of coal dust airflow; the hot coal gas airflow carrying coal dust ash after the dry distillation and gasification in the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 enters the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 in a cyclone manner downwards, when the cyclone gas airflow enters the downstream inclined channel orifice of the hot coal gas gathering orifice 3-3 through the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, the carrying airflow (hot coal gas airflow) and the coal dust ash are separated from each other, the coal dust ash falls to the bottom of the furnace after being inertially rotated along the wall surface, and the carrying airflow (hot coal gas airflow) turns to enter the hot coal gas gathering loop 3-4 through the hot coal gas gathering orifice 3-3.

The utility model discloses can produce the required high temperature hot coal gas of thermal utilization equipment or high temperature flue gas (the hot gas flow that does not mainly contain combustible gas) with the help of the regulation and the control of primary air flow and regulation air current, the regulation and the control of backward flow hot coal gas flow and the structure of buggy dry distillation room and combustion gasification room in the implementation process to the concrete demand of stove equipment has been satisfied in the effect. Because the utility model works in a closed and nearly adiabatic state, and the dry distillation gasification process can effectively control the air volume and the coal gas volume, the performance characteristics are energy-saving, high-efficiency and strong adaptability; because the coal tar component is burnt in time in the process of dry distillation, combustion and gasification by adopting high-temperature self-preheating, cleaner high-temperature fuel gas is generated, and various gas fuels such as natural gas and the like can be replaced on related furnaces; because the whole process of preheating, dry distillation and combustion gasification can strictly control the air quantity and the temperature in the device, no overproof nitrogen oxide (NOx) is generated, and the characteristics of environmental protection and low pollutant emission are particularly outstanding; the utility model discloses satisfy the technical requirement of gas appliances with strict thermal engineering design to emphasize technical performance optimization, structural design compactness and reasonable and the material chooses for use the adaptation, make stability, durability and the security of its structure obtain effective guarantee.

It should be pointed out that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is used for explaining the detailed implementation manner of the present invention, but not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and all the technical solutions made by adopting the equivalent technical ideas and technical means are essentially the same as the present invention, and all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The coal powder cyclone high-temperature reflux preheating, dry distillation, combustion and gasification device is characterized by comprising a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is of a bottle-shaped structure made of refractory materials built in two steel cylinders which are sealed from top to bottom and have different diameters, the upper cylinder is in a bell-jar shape, the inner space of the furnace body forms a coal powder dry distillation chamber (1-1) and is connected with a cylinder at the lower part through a conical cylinder at the lower part of the furnace body, the upper part in the cylinder is provided with a combustion gasification chamber (3-1), the lower part of the cylinder is provided with a fuel gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2), the lower part of the coal powder dry distillation chamber (1-1) is horizontally and tangentially connected with a coal powder airflow supply device (2), and the fuel gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) is communicated with a hot gas discharge pipe (3-5) through a hot gas collection ring (3-4).

2. The pulverized coal rotational flow high-temperature reflux preheating destructive distillation combustion gasification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) is an inner space of a pulverized coal dry distillation chamber wall body (1), a cylindrical pulverized coal airflow homogenizing ring wall (1-2) built from a combustion gasification chamber wall body (3) is arranged on the inner wall of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1), a destructive distillation airflow outlet channel (1-5) is arranged in the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1), a pulverized coal airflow homogenizing ring channel (1-3) is formed between the outer side of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) and the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber wall body (1), a pulverized coal airflow guiding ring groove (1-7) is arranged on the outer side wall of the pulverized coal airflow homogenizing ring channel (1-3), and pulverized coal ash and slag discharging channels (1-6) are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the pulverized coal airflow homogenizing ring channel (1-3) along the circumferential direction and are communicated with the combustion gasification chamber (3-1).

3. The pulverized coal rotational flow high-temperature backflow preheating, dry distillation, combustion and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber wall body (1) is vertically connected with a tubular tapered jet mixed gas inlet pipe (1-9), the center of the top of the jet mixed gas inlet pipe (1-9) is inserted with a tubular tapered regulated air injection pipe (1-4), and the side surface of the jet mixed gas inlet pipe is provided with a backflow hot gas inlet pipe (1-8).

4. The pulverized coal rotational flow high-temperature backflow preheating, dry distillation, combustion and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulverized coal airflow supply device (2) is of a horizontally arranged cylindrical structure, and is sequentially communicated with a pulverized coal airflow reducing channel (2-1), an air injection pulverized coal mixing chamber (2-2) and a pulverized coal airflow gradually expanding channel (2-3) along the central axis thereof to form a Venturi channel of a contraction and enlargement structure, the upper part of the air injection pulverized coal mixing chamber (2-2) is vertically communicated with a pulverized coal conveying pipe (2-6), and the upper end of the pulverized coal conveying pipe (2-6) is communicated with a conical hopper-shaped pulverized coal conveying bin (2-5); the coal dust airflow divergent channel (2-3) is communicated with the coal dust airflow guide ring groove (1-7) through a coal dust airflow injection port (2-4).

5. The pulverized coal cyclone high-temperature reflux preheating, dry distillation, combustion and gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the combustion gasification chamber (3-1) is formed by building a combustion gasification chamber wall (3), the upper part of the combustion gasification chamber wall is communicated with the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) through a dry distillation airflow outlet channel (1-5), and the lower part of the combustion gasification chamber wall is communicated with a fuel gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2); a hot gas collecting ring channel (3-4) is arranged in a wall body (3) of the combustion gasification chamber at the outer side of the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2), the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) and the hot gas collecting ring channel (3-4) are communicated through a hot gas collecting hole (3-3) arranged on the outer wall of the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2), the outer side of the hot gas collecting ring channel (3-4) is communicated with a hot gas outlet pipe (3-5), a backflow hot gas outlet pipe (3-7) is vertically and upwardly connected to the upper part of the pipe wall of the hot gas outlet pipe (3-5), and the backflow hot gas outlet pipe (3-7) is communicated with the backflow hot gas inlet pipe (1-8) through a backflow hot gas pipe (3-8).

6. The pulverized coal cyclone high-temperature reflux preheating, dry distillation, combustion and gasification device according to claim 5, characterized in that the hot coal gas collecting orifices (3-3) are rectangular cross-section orifices which are arranged in a multi-layer manner from top to bottom and uniformly distributed with circumferential multi-hole openings, one end of the hot coal gas collecting orifices (3-3) close to the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) is provided with a circumferential inclined section which is consistent with the gas cyclone direction, and the inclination angle is 15-25 degrees.

7. The pulverized coal cyclone high-temperature reflux preheating, dry distillation, combustion and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that a trumpet-shaped ash residue discharge port (3-6) communicated with the fuel gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the fuel gas cyclone separation chamber and is vertical to the furnace bottom (4).

8. The pulverized coal rotational flow high-temperature reflux preheating dry distillation combustion gasification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion gasification chamber (3-1) is a conical space with an upper conical cylinder and a lower cylindrical cylinder, and the diameter of the combustion gasification chamber is larger than that of the dry distillation airflow outlet channel (1-5).