WO2017161633A1 - Cyclone combustion apparatus, combustion device, and combustion method - Google Patents

Cyclone combustion apparatus, combustion device, and combustion method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017161633A1
WO2017161633A1 PCT/CN2016/080447 CN2016080447W WO2017161633A1 WO 2017161633 A1 WO2017161633 A1 WO 2017161633A1 CN 2016080447 W CN2016080447 W CN 2016080447W WO 2017161633 A1 WO2017161633 A1 WO 2017161633A1
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Prior art keywords
cyclone
flue gas
combustion chamber
combustion
secondary air
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PCT/CN2016/080447
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨天亮
张玉斌
张勇
付玉玲
褚晓亮
李庚达
刘汉强
郭桦
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烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司
国电新能源技术研究院
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Publication of WO2017161633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017161633A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fuel combustion, in particular to a cyclone combustion device, a combustion device and a combustion method.
  • China is a country rich in coal, poor in oil and low in gas. Although the proportion of coal in primary energy has declined in recent years, China’s energy production and consumption structure will continue for a long period of time in the future. Mainly coal.
  • Lignite is often used for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas, tar and semi-coke.
  • Lignite semi-coke is the solid product remaining after the low temperature pyrolysis of lignite. Due to the large scale of pyrolysis of lignite, lignite semi-coke can replace raw coal as fuel for power generation, heat supply and coal for various industrial boilers. The semi-coke is improved relative to the raw coal ash, the moisture and volatile matter are reduced, the calorific value and the fixed carbon content are all improved, but the pollutants such as phosphorus, chlorine and alkali metals are greatly reduced, and the combustion is relatively clean. Due to the high point of semi-coke ignition, slow burning rate and long burn-out time, it is of great significance to study its efficient combustion for the efficient and clean utilization of lignite and the development of quality conversion technology.
  • the cyclone furnace is a closed furnace liquid slag discharge furnace.
  • the combustion of the fuel is completed in the cyclone cylinder.
  • the existing cyclone furnace generally supplies fuel from the upper part and exhausts the flue gas from the bottom.
  • This structure is not completely suitable for slow burning including lignite semi-coke without increasing the axial length of the cyclone furnace. Burning of fuel that burns for a long time.
  • the NOx emissions are high when the fuel is burned in the cyclone furnace.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a cyclone combustion apparatus including a cyclone cylinder, the cyclone cylinder being vertically disposed and having a cyclone combustion chamber disposed inside the cyclone cylinder and a primary air nozzle respectively connected to the cyclone combustion chamber, twice a wind vent, a flue gas outlet and a slag trap, wherein the primary air spout and the secondary air spout are located at an upper portion of the cyclone, and the flue gas outlet is located at a top of the cyclone.
  • the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone to the inner diameter of the cyclone is 1.0 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 1.5.
  • the cyclone combustion device further includes a flue gas exhaust pipe disposed at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder and communicating with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet,
  • the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder is 0.4 to 0.55.
  • the cyclone combustion device further includes a flue gas exhaust pipe disposed at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder and communicating with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, The bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe is located inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the flue gas outlet.
  • a ratio of a distance from a bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe to the flue gas outlet to an axial length inside the cyclone cylinder is 0.3 to 0.36.
  • the primary air vent and/or the secondary air vent are located between the bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe and the flue gas outlet in a height direction.
  • the cyclone combustion device further includes a primary air duct disposed at the primary air nozzle on the cyclone and passing through the primary air nozzle Communicating with the cyclone combustion chamber, the primary air duct is disposed substantially along a tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder on a side wall of the cyclone cylinder; and/or the cyclone combustion apparatus further includes a secondary air duct a secondary air duct is disposed at the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone cylinder and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, the secondary air duct is substantially along a tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder It is disposed on the side wall of the cyclone.
  • two or more of the primary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with two or more of the primary air ducts, and the two or more primary air ducts are rotationally symmetrically arranged at an even interval with respect to an axis of the cyclone cylinder;
  • two or more of the secondary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with two or more of the secondary air ducts, and the two or more secondary air ducts are rotationally symmetrically spaced with respect to an axis of the cyclone cylinder Arrangement.
  • the primary air duct and the secondary air duct are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, the secondary air duct is disposed downstream of a corresponding air flow direction of the primary air duct, and the secondary air duct The angle between the corresponding primary air duct is 50° to 70°.
  • the primary air duct is inclined downward by a first angle from a side away from the cyclone cylinder to a side close to the cyclone cylinder, the first angle being 2°-8°, preferably 2° ⁇ 5°; and/or, the secondary air duct is inclined downward by a second angle from a side away from the cyclone cylinder to a side close to the cyclone cylinder, the second angle being 2°-8°, preferably The ground is 2° to 5°.
  • the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both circular nozzles.
  • a height of a central axis of the secondary air nozzle is equal to or lower than a height of a central axis of the primary air nozzle, and a height between the secondary air nozzle and the primary air nozzle is smaller than the cyclone 5% of the circumference of the barrel.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a combustion apparatus comprising a cyclone combustion apparatus and a supplementary combustion apparatus disposed downstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus, the cyclone combustion apparatus being the cyclone combustion apparatus according to any one of the first aspects of the present invention
  • the supplementary combustion The apparatus includes a supplemental combustion chamber provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplemental air spout, the other end of the flue gas exhaust pipe opposite the bottom end of the cyclone combustion apparatus being in communication with the flue gas inlet.
  • the flue gas inlet is located at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, and the supplementary air spout is located at a lower portion of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a combustion method for burning fuel by using the combustion apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein a primary air containing fuel powder is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, through the second a secondary air vent enters a secondary air into the cyclone combustion chamber, and causes an excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber to be less than 1; and the flue gas generated by combustion of the fuel powder in the cyclone combustion chamber passes into the supplementary combustion a chamber through which the supplemental air is supplied to the supplementary combustion chamber and burns the combustible material in the flue gas.
  • the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber is 0.6 to 0.8.
  • the air temperature of the secondary air is 100 ° C to 250 ° C.
  • the fuel is a semi-coke.
  • the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone combustion device are located at the upper part of the cyclone, and the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone, thus, the process of burning the fuel
  • the fuel and the wind may first be burned from the top to the bottom to the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber, and then retracted from the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber until it is discharged from the flue gas exhaust pipe, and the unfinished reaction process may continue during the ascending process.
  • the cyclone combustion device can effectively increase the stroke of the fuel under the condition that the axial length of the cyclone cylinder is constant, so that the fuel and the oxygen fully react, which is beneficial to the full combustion and conversion of the fuel, so that the combustion rate is better and the combustion rate is slower and more flammable. Take time to fuel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of the cyclone combustion apparatus of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Cyclone cylinder 2. Primary air duct; 3. Secondary air duct; 4. Slag removal port; 5. Flue gas discharge pipe; 6. Supplementary combustion chamber; 7. Supplementary air vent; 8. Superheater; Economizer; 10, air preheater; 11, coal mill; 12, tail flue; 13, dust collector; 14, desulfurization device; 15, chimney.
  • the present invention provides a cyclone combustion apparatus.
  • the cyclone combustion device includes a cyclone cylinder, and the cyclone cylinder is vertically disposed and has a cyclone combustion chamber disposed inside the cyclone cylinder and a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet and a slag trap respectively connected to the cyclone combustion chamber, wherein The primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are located at the upper portion of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone, so that during the combustion of the fuel, the fuel and the wind can be burned from top to bottom to the cyclone.
  • the bottom of the combustion chamber is retracted from the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber until it is discharged from the flue gas exhaust pipe, and the unfinished reaction process can be continued during the ascending process. Therefore, the cyclone combustion device of the present invention can have a certain axial length in the cyclone cylinder. In this case, the fuel stroke is effectively increased, and the fuel and oxygen are fully reacted, which is beneficial to the full combustion and conversion of the fuel, so that it can be better applied to a fuel with a slow burning rate and a long burning time.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 a cyclone combustion apparatus, a combustion apparatus, and a combustion method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing the cyclone combustion apparatus of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • the cyclone combustion device includes a cyclone cylinder 1, a primary air duct 2, and a secondary air duct 3. And the smoke exhaust pipe 5.
  • the cyclone 1 is arranged vertically.
  • the cyclone cylinder 1 has a cyclone combustion chamber, a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet, and a slag trap 4.
  • the cyclone combustion chamber is located inside the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • the primary air vent, the secondary air vent, and the flue gas outlet are respectively connected to the cyclone combustion chamber.
  • the primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are located at an upper portion of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • the cyclone cylinder 1 is a cylindrical cylinder whose bottom is constricted, and the bottom of the cyclone cylinder 1 is narrowed to form a slag trap 4.
  • the primary air duct 2 is disposed at the primary air outlet of the cyclone cylinder 1 and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle.
  • the secondary air duct 3 is disposed at the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone cylinder 1 and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle.
  • the flue gas discharge pipe 5 is disposed at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder 1 and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet.
  • the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 is a circular pipe.
  • the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 is preferably 1.0 to 5.0.
  • the arrangement makes it possible to ensure that the fuel has a long stroke along the inner wall of the cyclone furnace when the combustion of the semi-coke and other fuels with a slow burning rate and a long burn-off time is used, so that the fuel has sufficient reverse time to be combusted with the cyclone.
  • the oxygen in the room reacts sufficiently, so that the combustion is relatively complete, and the momentum loss during the flow of the flue gas is not large, and sufficient rotation capacity is always maintained, and the section heat load intensity in the cyclone cylinder 1 is suitable.
  • the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 of the cyclone combustion apparatus to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 is 1.0 to 1.5.
  • the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 can be made equal to 1.3.
  • the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 of the cyclone combustion apparatus to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 is 1.0 to 1.5, so that the fuel can be made by burning the fuel having a slow burning rate and a long burning time such as a semi-coke.
  • the momentum loss during the flow of the flue gas is reduced as much as possible, and the airflow in the cyclone combustion chamber is sufficient. Rotational ability, the cross-section thermal load strength inside the cyclone cylinder 1 is suitable.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 is preferably 0.4 to 0.55.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 is set within the range, so that there is a better gas flow in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the swirling upward airflow in the cyclone combustion chamber can smoothly pass the smoke at a suitable flue gas flow rate.
  • the gas discharge pipe 5 is discharged, and the recirculation zone in the flue gas discharge pipe 5 is effectively controlled to reduce energy loss.
  • the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 in this embodiment is located inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the flue gas outlet.
  • the arrangement can better organize the flow of substances in the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas entering the cyclone combustion chamber from the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle can enter the cyclone combustion chamber to generate tangential flow, which is beneficial to the tangential flow.
  • the formation of cyclone combustion facilitates reducing the possibility of short-circuiting of the fuel to the flue gas outlet without adequate reaction with oxygen.
  • the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are located between the flue gas outlet and the bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 in the height direction.
  • the arrangement can better organize the flow of material in the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas entering the cyclone combustion chamber from the primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are restricted to an annular space after entering the cyclone combustion chamber, which is good.
  • the tangential flow is generated to facilitate the formation of cyclone combustion, effectively preventing the short-circuiting of the fuel to the flue gas outlet without fully reacting with oxygen.
  • the distance from the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the flue gas outlet that is, the ratio of the length of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extending into the cyclone combustion chamber to the axial length inside the cyclone cylinder 1 is greater than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.36.
  • the arrangement is based on ensuring a strong cyclone flow at the top of the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the high-temperature airflow in the cyclone cylinder 1 is sufficiently mixed to better burn.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 and the ratio of the length of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extending into the cyclone combustion chamber to the axial length of the cyclone cylinder 1 can be ensured to ensure the flow field in the cyclone cylinder 1
  • the distribution is even, reducing the short-circuit airflow and the relatively cold flue gas reflux outside the flue gas exhaust pipe 5, and also ensuring the mixing of the high-temperature flue gas, so that the burning fuel with slow burning rate such as lignite semi-coke is always at a higher temperature level. It is beneficial for the fuel to fully react with oxygen to fully convert.
  • the high-efficiency conversion of CO and H 2 can be achieved by replenishing an appropriate amount of secondary air (replenishing wind), and finally the lignite semi-coke is achieved. Efficient combustion of fuels with slow burning rates.
  • the primary air duct 2 is disposed substantially on the side wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 in the tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • the secondary air duct 3 is disposed substantially on the side wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 in the tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder 1. This setting facilitates the formation of cyclone combustion, thereby ensuring the fuel stroke and facilitating the full reaction of the fuel with oxygen.
  • the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both circular nozzles.
  • the primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are arranged as circular nozzles to reduce the diffusion of the airflow and increase the rigidity of the airflow, so that the airflow can be rotated more regularly along the inner wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 .
  • the number of the primary air duct and the secondary air duct may be one or two or more.
  • the number of the primary air duct and the secondary air duct may be three.
  • the number of air ducts and the number of secondary air ducts may be the same or different.
  • two primary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with two or more primary air ducts 2, and the two primary air ducts 2 are rotationally symmetrically arranged at even intervals with respect to the axis of the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • the two secondary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the two or more secondary air ducts 3, and the two secondary air ducts 3 are arranged in a rotationally symmetric manner with respect to the axis of the cyclone cylinder 1 at even intervals.
  • each secondary air duct 3 is disposed under the corresponding primary air duct 2.
  • the angle between each secondary air duct 3 and the corresponding primary air duct 2 is 50° to 70°, for example, about 60°.
  • the angle between the primary air duct 2 and the secondary air duct 3 is 50° to 70°, so that the secondary air duct 3 can replenish the oxygen required for further combustion of the fuel injected by the air duct 2 in time.
  • the height of the central axis of the secondary air nozzle is equal to or lower than the height of the central axis of the primary air nozzle, and the height between the secondary air nozzle and the primary air nozzle is smaller than the circumference of the cyclone 1 5%.
  • the primary air duct 2 is inclined downward from the side far from the cyclone cylinder 1 toward the side close to the cyclone cylinder 1 by a first angle, and the first angle is greater than or equal to 2° and less than or equal to 8 °.
  • the secondary air duct 3 is inclined downward from the side remote from the cyclone cylinder 1 toward the side close to the cyclone cylinder 1 by a second angle, the second angle being greater than or equal to 2 degrees and less than or equal to 8 degrees.
  • the first air duct 2 and the secondary air duct 3 are inclined down to a certain angular range, which is advantageous for guiding the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas to descend along the cyclone of the cyclone cylinder 1 to form an ideal gas flow, and on the one hand, the fuel can be burned in the cyclone.
  • the indoor travel and residence time facilitates the full reaction of fuel and oxygen.
  • the first angle is greater than or equal to 2° and less than or equal to 5°.
  • the second angle is greater than or equal to 2° and less than or equal to 5°.
  • the cyclone 1 includes a side wall and a top cover disposed at the top of the side wall.
  • the side wall includes a water wall and a refractory material that is applied to the exterior of the water wall.
  • the top cover is made of refractory material.
  • the flue gas outlet is opened on the top cover.
  • the water wall absorbs heat to heat the feed water during the combustion of the fuel.
  • the refractory material is placed outside the water wall to prevent the particles from being worn on the water wall.
  • the side wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is cylindrical, the lower part is in the shape of a truncated cone, the truncated cone is large and small, and the cylindrical shape Partially seamless.
  • Both the cylindrical portion and the truncated cone portion are composed of water-cooled walls, and a layer of refractory material is laid outside the water-cooled wall.
  • the top cover is made of refractory material, the center of the top cover is seamlessly connected with the circular flue gas discharge pipe 5, the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extends into the cyclone combustion chamber of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the other end extends out of the cyclone cylinder 1 outer.
  • the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 may be constituted by a water-cooling wall to absorb the heat of the flue gas in the flue gas exhaust pipe 5, and may also be composed of a refractory material.
  • the diameter of the bottom of the cyclone cylinder 1 is gradually reduced to form a slag trap 4 (the bottom end of the truncated cone portion).
  • Both the slag trap 4 and the flue gas outlet are disposed centering on the axis of the cyclone barrel 1.
  • the liquid slag generated during the combustion of the fuel in the cyclone combustion chamber flows down the wall of the cyclone barrel 1 and reaches the slag trap 4, and then flows out from the slag trap 4.
  • the lower part of the slag catching port 4 is connected with a vertical pipe, and the lower part of the vertical pipe is connected into a water tank for cooling the liquid ash generated during the combustion process, and at the same time sealing the water to prevent the air from entering the cyclone combustion chamber from the slag trap 4 , affecting the burning effect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a combustion apparatus.
  • the combustion apparatus includes the cyclone combustion apparatus of the present invention and a supplemental combustion apparatus disposed downstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus.
  • the supplemental combustion device includes a supplemental combustion chamber 6 provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplemental air spout 7, the other end of the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 opposite the bottom end thereof being in communication with the flue gas inlet.
  • the supplemental combustion chamber 6 is constructed of a water-cooled wall to facilitate absorption of heat in the supplemental combustion chamber.
  • a supplementary combustion device is provided, and a supplementary air nozzle 7 is provided in the supplementary combustion device, so that the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber can be controlled to be less than 1, so that the cyclone combustion chamber is in a reducing atmosphere, and thus the combustion reaction is performed in the cyclone combustion chamber.
  • the generated NOx is reduced and the NOx emissions are low.
  • the temperature is relatively low, which is not conducive to the formation of NOx, thereby reducing the overall NOx emissions from combustion equipment.
  • the flue gas inlet of the supplementary combustion device is located at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, and the supplementary air spout 7 of the supplementary combustion device is located at the lower portion of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • This arrangement can make full use of the space for replenishing the combustion chamber, so that the combustible material in the supplementary combustion chamber is fully burned out.
  • the supplementary combustion apparatus of the present invention further includes a coal mill 11, a superheater 8, an economizer 9, an air preheater 10, a dust remover 13, a desulfurization device 14, and a chimney 15.
  • the coal mill 11 is disposed upstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus, and its outlet is connected to the primary air duct 2. Used to process fuel into powder.
  • the fuel is brown coal semi-coke.
  • the superheater 8 is disposed in a horizontal flue of a supplemental combustion apparatus for absorbing heat in the horizontal flue to convert water therein into steam.
  • the economizer 9 is disposed downstream of the superheater 8 in the tail flue 12 of the supplementary combustion apparatus, and the economizer 9 is for absorbing heat in the tail flue to heat the feed water therein.
  • the air preheater 10 is located downstream of the economizer 9 and is disposed in the tail flue for heating the oxygen containing gas prior to entering the cyclone combustion chamber and replenishing the combustion chamber.
  • the oxygen-containing gas is air.
  • the present invention also provides a combustion method for burning fuel using the aforementioned combustion apparatus of the present invention.
  • the combustion method includes: introducing a primary air containing fuel powder into the cyclone combustion chamber through a primary air nozzle, and introducing a secondary air into the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, so that an excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is less than 1;
  • the flue gas generated by the combustion in the cyclone combustion chamber is supplied to the supplementary combustion chamber 6, and the supplementary air is supplied to the supplementary combustion chamber 6 through the supplementary air nozzle 7, so that the combustible material in the flue gas is burned out.
  • the fuel of this embodiment is specifically brown coal semi-coke.
  • the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber is 0.6 to 0.8.
  • the setting range of the excess air coefficient can make the cyclone combustion chamber have a strong reducing atmosphere, and can better control the NOx emission.
  • the air temperature of the secondary air that is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber from the secondary air nozzle is 100 to 250 °C.
  • This wind temperature is lower than that of the secondary air of the prior art. This is because, after low-temperature pyrolysis of coal such as lignite, the water content is generally not high, and the obtained brown coal semi-coke is substantially granular, and the grinding process in the coal mill 11 is relatively easy, and the water content is small.
  • a lower secondary air temperature can be used without a special drying process.
  • the relatively low secondary air temperature can reduce the flue gas flow rate in the cyclone combustion chamber, increase the residence time of the semi-coke particles in the cyclone cylinder 1, and further make the semi-coke and oxygen fully occur. reaction.
  • the lignite semi-coke is ground by a coal mill 11 to form a lignite semi-coke powder.
  • the particle size of the lignite semi-coke powder after grinding by the coal mill 11 is preferably less than 200 ⁇ m.
  • the lignite semi-coke powder is fed into the cyclone combustion chamber via a primary air vent. Due to the higher furnace temperature and heat load in the cyclone combustion chamber, the volatilization of the lignite semi-coke entering the cyclone combustion chamber is analyzed and burned; the remaining coke particles rotate downward along the wall of the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • the secondary air is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber according to the air volume with an excess air coefficient of 0.6-0.8 in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the secondary air timely replenishes the oxygen required for the coke reaction, due to the high heat load in the cyclone combustion chamber and
  • the longer residence time of the lignite semi-coke particles makes the lignite semi-coke have a higher burnout rate. Since the excess air ratio is less than 1, the cyclone combustion chamber is in a reducing atmosphere, and the NOx generated by the combustion reaction process is reduced, and the NOx emission is low.
  • the lignite semi-coke is rotationally burned in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the generated flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the cyclone combustion chamber, and the liquid ash is trapped at the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber and discharged from the slag trap 4 .
  • the main components of the flue gas discharged from the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 include incombustible components such as CO 2 , N 2 , and H 2 O, and combustible components such as H 2 and CO.
  • the flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe 5 enters the replenishing combustion chamber and is mixed with the replenishing air injected from the replenishing air spout 7, continues combustion, and converts the incompletely reacted CO and H 2 into CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • the flue gas after the reaction continues to pass through the superheater 8, the economizer 9, the air preheater 10 and the like, and the heat is released from the heated surface, and then dedusted by the dust remover 13, and then desulfurized by the desulfurization device 15 and discharged into the atmosphere by the chimney 15.
  • the cyclone combustion device of the above embodiment of the present invention can utilize the characteristics of high heat load in the cyclone cylinder and realize the fuel with high ignition point, slow burning rate and long burn-out time such as lignite semi-coke by extending the fuel stroke and the residence time in the cyclone combustion chamber. High burnout rate burning.
  • the combustion apparatus and the combustion method of the invention can make the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber less than 1, and the reducing atmosphere in the cyclone combustion chamber realize low NOx combustion of the fuel with slow burning rate such as lignite semi-coke in the cyclone combustion chamber, and finally reach High-efficiency clean combustion of fuels with slow burning rates, such as lignite semi-coke, to control NOx emissions while achieving efficient burn-out.

Abstract

A cyclone combustion apparatus, a combustion device, and a combustion method. The cyclone combustion apparatus comprises a cyclone cylinder (1), a primary air pipe (2), a secondary air pipe (3), and a flue gas discharging pipe (5). The cyclone cylinder (1) is vertically arranged and is provided with a cyclone combustion chamber, a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet, and a slag capturing port (4). The primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both located on the upper part of the cyclone cylinder (1), and the flue gas outlet is located in the top of the cyclone cylinder (1). The combustion device comprises the cyclone combustion apparatus and a supplementary combustion apparatus located in the downstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus. The supplementary combustion apparatus comprises a supplementary combustion chamber (6). The supplementary combustion chamber (6) is provided with a flue gas inlet a supplementary air nozzle (7). The other end of the flue gas discharging pipe (5) of the cyclone combustion apparatus opposite to the bottom end communicates with the flue gas inlet. The combustion method comprises: introducing primary air containing fuel powder to a cyclone combustion chamber through a primary air nozzle, introducing secondary air to the cyclone combustion chamber through a secondary air nozzle, introducing flue gas generated when the fuel powder is combusted in the cyclone combustion chamber, into a supplementary combustion chamber (6), and introducing supplementary air to the supplementary combustion chamber (6) through a supplementary air nozzle (7), so as to enable combustible matter in the flue gas to be completely combusted.

Description

旋风燃烧装置、燃烧设备和燃烧方法Cyclone combustion device, combustion device and combustion method 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及燃料燃烧技术领域，特别涉及一种旋风燃烧装置、燃烧设备和燃烧方法。The invention relates to the technical field of fuel combustion, in particular to a cyclone combustion device, a combustion device and a combustion method.
背景技术Background technique
我国是一个“富煤、贫油、少气”的国家，虽然近几年来，煤炭在一次能源中的比例有所下降，但我国的能源生产、消费结构在未来相当长的一段时期内仍将以煤炭为主。China is a country rich in coal, poor in oil and low in gas. Although the proportion of coal in primary energy has declined in recent years, China’s energy production and consumption structure will continue for a long period of time in the future. Mainly coal.
褐煤在我国煤炭资源中的比例约为13％左右。褐煤经常用于热解以获得热解气、焦油和半焦。褐煤半焦为褐煤低温热解后剩余的固体产物。由于褐煤的热解规模较大，使褐煤半焦可以替代原煤作为发电、供热以及各种工业锅炉用煤的燃料。半焦相对于原煤灰分有所提高，水分、挥发分降低，热值和固定碳含量均有所提高，但磷、氯、碱金属等污染物却大大降低，燃烧起来相对清洁。由于半焦着火点高，燃烧速率慢，燃尽时间长等特性，研究其高效燃烧对于褐煤的高效洁净利用和分质转化技术发展具有重大的意义。The proportion of lignite in China's coal resources is about 13%. Lignite is often used for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas, tar and semi-coke. Lignite semi-coke is the solid product remaining after the low temperature pyrolysis of lignite. Due to the large scale of pyrolysis of lignite, lignite semi-coke can replace raw coal as fuel for power generation, heat supply and coal for various industrial boilers. The semi-coke is improved relative to the raw coal ash, the moisture and volatile matter are reduced, the calorific value and the fixed carbon content are all improved, but the pollutants such as phosphorus, chlorine and alkali metals are greatly reduced, and the combustion is relatively clean. Due to the high point of semi-coke ignition, slow burning rate and long burn-out time, it is of great significance to study its efficient combustion for the efficient and clean utilization of lignite and the development of quality conversion technology.
旋风炉是一种闭式炉膛液态排渣炉，燃料的燃烧在旋风筒内完成，与普通室燃炉相比，其具有体积小，热负荷高，燃烧效率高，燃尽率高等优点。但现有的旋风炉一般情况下都是从上部输送燃料，从底部排出烟气，这种结构如果不增加旋风炉的轴向长度，并不完全适合于包括褐煤半焦在内的燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料的燃烧。另一方面，由于旋风炉内的高热负荷，使得燃料在旋风炉内燃烧时NOx排放量较高。 The cyclone furnace is a closed furnace liquid slag discharge furnace. The combustion of the fuel is completed in the cyclone cylinder. Compared with the ordinary chamber combustion furnace, it has the advantages of small volume, high heat load, high combustion efficiency and high burnout rate. However, the existing cyclone furnace generally supplies fuel from the upper part and exhausts the flue gas from the bottom. This structure is not completely suitable for slow burning including lignite semi-coke without increasing the axial length of the cyclone furnace. Burning of fuel that burns for a long time. On the other hand, due to the high heat load in the cyclone furnace, the NOx emissions are high when the fuel is burned in the cyclone furnace.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种旋风燃烧装置、燃烧设备和燃烧方法，旨在使旋风燃烧装置即使在不增加旋风筒的轴向长度的情况下，也可以更好地适用于燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料。It is an object of the present invention to provide a cyclone combustion apparatus, a combustion apparatus and a combustion method, which are intended to make the cyclone combustion apparatus more suitable for slow burning and burning even without increasing the axial length of the cyclone. Take time to fuel.
本发明第一方面提供一种旋风燃烧装置，包括旋风筒，所述旋风筒竖直设置且具有设置于旋风筒内部的旋风燃烧室和分别与所述旋风燃烧室连通的一次风喷口、二次风喷口、烟气出口和捕渣口，其中，所述一次风喷口、所述二次风喷口均位于所述旋风筒的上部，所述烟气出口位于所述旋风筒的顶部。A first aspect of the present invention provides a cyclone combustion apparatus including a cyclone cylinder, the cyclone cylinder being vertically disposed and having a cyclone combustion chamber disposed inside the cyclone cylinder and a primary air nozzle respectively connected to the cyclone combustion chamber, twice a wind vent, a flue gas outlet and a slag trap, wherein the primary air spout and the secondary air spout are located at an upper portion of the cyclone, and the flue gas outlet is located at a top of the cyclone.
进一步地，所述旋风筒内部的轴向长度与所述旋风筒的内径的比值为1.0～5.0，优选地为1.0～1.5。Further, the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone to the inner diameter of the cyclone is 1.0 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 1.5.
进一步地，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括烟气排出管，所述烟气排出管设置于所述旋风筒上所述烟气出口处并通过所述烟气出口与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述烟气排出管的内径与所述旋风筒的内径的比值为0.4～0.55。Further, the cyclone combustion device further includes a flue gas exhaust pipe disposed at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder and communicating with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, The ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder is 0.4 to 0.55.
进一步地，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括烟气排出管，所述烟气排出管设置于所述旋风筒上所述烟气出口处并通过所述烟气出口与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述烟气排出管的底端位于所述旋风燃烧室内部、所述烟气出口的下方。Further, the cyclone combustion device further includes a flue gas exhaust pipe disposed at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder and communicating with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, The bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe is located inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the flue gas outlet.
进一步地，所述烟气排出管的底端至所述烟气出口的距离与所述旋风筒内部的轴向长度的比值为0.3～0.36。Further, a ratio of a distance from a bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe to the flue gas outlet to an axial length inside the cyclone cylinder is 0.3 to 0.36.
进一步地，所述一次风喷口和/或所述二次风喷口在高度方向上位于所述烟气排出管的底端与所述烟气出口之间。Further, the primary air vent and/or the secondary air vent are located between the bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe and the flue gas outlet in a height direction.
进一步地，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括一次风管，所述一次风管设置于所述旋风筒上所述一次风喷口处并通过所述一次风喷口 与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述一次风管大致沿所述旋风筒的切向设置于所述旋风筒的侧壁上；和/或，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括二次风管，所述二次风管设置于所述旋风筒上所述二次风喷口处并通过所述二次风喷口与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述二次风管大致沿所述旋风筒的切向设置于所述旋风筒的侧壁上。Further, the cyclone combustion device further includes a primary air duct disposed at the primary air nozzle on the cyclone and passing through the primary air nozzle Communicating with the cyclone combustion chamber, the primary air duct is disposed substantially along a tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder on a side wall of the cyclone cylinder; and/or the cyclone combustion apparatus further includes a secondary air duct a secondary air duct is disposed at the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone cylinder and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, the secondary air duct is substantially along a tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder It is disposed on the side wall of the cyclone.
进一步地，两个以上所述一次风喷口与两个以上所述一次风管一一对应地设置，所述两个以上一次风管相对于所述旋风筒的轴线均匀间隔地旋转对称布置；和/或，两个以上所述二次风喷口与两个以上所述二次风管一一对应地设置，所述两个以上二次风管相对于所述旋风筒的轴线均匀间隔地旋转对称布置。Further, two or more of the primary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with two or more of the primary air ducts, and the two or more primary air ducts are rotationally symmetrically arranged at an even interval with respect to an axis of the cyclone cylinder; Or two or more of the secondary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with two or more of the secondary air ducts, and the two or more secondary air ducts are rotationally symmetrically spaced with respect to an axis of the cyclone cylinder Arrangement.
进一步地，所述一次风管和所述二次风管一一对应的设置，所述二次风管设置于对应的所述一次风管的气流流动方向的下游，且所述二次风管与对应的所述一次风管之间的夹角为50°～70°。Further, the primary air duct and the secondary air duct are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, the secondary air duct is disposed downstream of a corresponding air flow direction of the primary air duct, and the secondary air duct The angle between the corresponding primary air duct is 50° to 70°.
进一步地，所述一次风管从远离所述旋风筒的一侧向靠近所述旋风筒的一侧下倾第一角度，所述第一角度为2°～8°，优选地为2°～5°；和/或，所述二次风管从远离所述旋风筒的一侧向靠近所述旋风筒的一侧下倾第二角度，所述第二角度为2°～8°，优选地为2°～5°。Further, the primary air duct is inclined downward by a first angle from a side away from the cyclone cylinder to a side close to the cyclone cylinder, the first angle being 2°-8°, preferably 2°~ 5°; and/or, the secondary air duct is inclined downward by a second angle from a side away from the cyclone cylinder to a side close to the cyclone cylinder, the second angle being 2°-8°, preferably The ground is 2° to 5°.
进一步地，所述一次风喷口和所述二次风喷口均为圆形喷口。Further, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both circular nozzles.
进一步地，所述二次风喷口的中心轴线的高度等于或低于所述一次风喷口的中心轴线的高度，且所述二次风喷口与所述一次风喷口之间的高度小于所述旋风筒的周长的5％。Further, a height of a central axis of the secondary air nozzle is equal to or lower than a height of a central axis of the primary air nozzle, and a height between the secondary air nozzle and the primary air nozzle is smaller than the cyclone 5% of the circumference of the barrel.
本发明第二方面提供一种燃烧设备，包括旋风燃烧装置和设置于所述旋风燃烧装置下游的补充燃烧装置，所述旋风燃烧装置为本发明第一方面中任一项所述的旋风燃烧装置，所述补充燃烧 装置包括补充燃烧室，所述补充燃烧室设置有烟气进口和补充风喷口，所述旋风燃烧装置的烟气排出管的与底端相对的另一端与所述烟气进口连通。A second aspect of the present invention provides a combustion apparatus comprising a cyclone combustion apparatus and a supplementary combustion apparatus disposed downstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus, the cyclone combustion apparatus being the cyclone combustion apparatus according to any one of the first aspects of the present invention The supplementary combustion The apparatus includes a supplemental combustion chamber provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplemental air spout, the other end of the flue gas exhaust pipe opposite the bottom end of the cyclone combustion apparatus being in communication with the flue gas inlet.
进一步地，所述烟气进口位于所述二次燃烧室的底部，所述补充风喷口位于所述二次燃烧室下部。Further, the flue gas inlet is located at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, and the supplementary air spout is located at a lower portion of the secondary combustion chamber.
本发明第三方面提供一种利用本发明第二方面所述的燃烧设备燃烧燃料的燃烧方法，通过所述一次风喷口向所述旋风燃烧室内通入含有燃料粉末的一次风，通过所述二次风喷口向所述旋风燃烧室内通入二次风，并使所述旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数小于1；所述燃料粉末在所述旋风燃烧室内燃烧生成的烟气通入所述补充燃烧室，通过所述补充风喷口向所述补充燃烧室通入补充风，并使所述烟气内的可燃物质燃尽。A third aspect of the present invention provides a combustion method for burning fuel by using the combustion apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein a primary air containing fuel powder is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, through the second a secondary air vent enters a secondary air into the cyclone combustion chamber, and causes an excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber to be less than 1; and the flue gas generated by combustion of the fuel powder in the cyclone combustion chamber passes into the supplementary combustion a chamber through which the supplemental air is supplied to the supplementary combustion chamber and burns the combustible material in the flue gas.
进一步地，所述旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数为0.6～0.8。Further, the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber is 0.6 to 0.8.
进一步地，所述二次风的风温为100℃～250℃。Further, the air temperature of the secondary air is 100 ° C to 250 ° C.
进一步地，所述燃料为半焦。Further, the fuel is a semi-coke.
基于本发明提供的旋风燃烧装置、燃烧设备和燃烧方法，旋风燃烧装置的一次风喷口、二次风喷口均位于旋风筒的上部，烟气出口位于旋风筒的顶部，因此，在燃烧燃料的过程中，燃料和风可以先从上至下旋风燃烧直至旋风燃烧室的底部，再从旋风燃烧室底部折返上升直至从烟气排出管排出，上升过程中可以继续未完成的反应过程，因此，本发明的旋风燃烧装置可以在旋风筒的轴向长度一定的情况下有效增加燃料的行程，使燃料与氧气充分发生反应，利于燃料的充分燃烧和转化，从而能更好地适用于燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料。According to the cyclone combustion device, the combustion device and the combustion method provided by the present invention, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone combustion device are located at the upper part of the cyclone, and the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone, thus, the process of burning the fuel The fuel and the wind may first be burned from the top to the bottom to the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber, and then retracted from the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber until it is discharged from the flue gas exhaust pipe, and the unfinished reaction process may continue during the ascending process. Therefore, the present invention The cyclone combustion device can effectively increase the stroke of the fuel under the condition that the axial length of the cyclone cylinder is constant, so that the fuel and the oxygen fully react, which is beneficial to the full combustion and conversion of the fuel, so that the combustion rate is better and the combustion rate is slower and more flammable. Take time to fuel.
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。 Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Detailed Description of the <RTIgt;
附图说明DRAWINGS
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings described herein are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are intended to be a part of the invention. In the drawing:
图1为本发明实施例的旋风燃烧装置的结构示意图。1 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为图1所示的实施例的旋风燃烧装置的俯视结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of the cyclone combustion apparatus of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
图3为本发明实施例的燃烧设备的原理示意图。3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图1至图3中，各附图标记代表：In Figures 1 to 3, the respective reference numerals represent:
1、旋风筒；2、一次风管；3、二次风管；4、捕渣口；5、烟气排出管；6、补充燃烧室；7、补充风喷口；8、过热器；9、省煤器；10、空气预热器；11、磨煤机；12、尾部烟道；13、除尘器；14、脱硫装置；15、烟囱。1. Cyclone cylinder; 2. Primary air duct; 3. Secondary air duct; 4. Slag removal port; 5. Flue gas discharge pipe; 6. Supplementary combustion chamber; 7. Supplementary air vent; 8. Superheater; Economizer; 10, air preheater; 11, coal mill; 12, tail flue; 13, dust collector; 14, desulfurization device; 15, chimney.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of the at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的 技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the meantime, it should be understood that the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in the actual scale relationship for the convenience of the description. Known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art Techniques, methods, and equipment may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques, methods, and devices should be considered as part of the authorization specification. In all of the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values are to be construed as illustrative only and not as a limitation. Accordingly, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following figures, and therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it is not required to be further discussed in the subsequent figures.
为了使旋风燃烧装置更好地适用于半焦等燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料燃烧，本发明提供一种旋风燃烧装置。该旋风燃烧装置包括旋风筒，旋风筒竖直设置且具有设置于旋风筒内部的旋风燃烧室和分别与旋风燃烧室连通的一次风喷口、二次风喷口、烟气出口和捕渣口，其中，一次风喷口、二次风喷口均位于旋风筒1的上部，烟气出口位于旋风筒1的顶部。In order to make the cyclone combustion apparatus more suitable for fuel combustion such as semi-coke, which has a slow burning rate and a long burn-out time, the present invention provides a cyclone combustion apparatus. The cyclone combustion device includes a cyclone cylinder, and the cyclone cylinder is vertically disposed and has a cyclone combustion chamber disposed inside the cyclone cylinder and a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet and a slag trap respectively connected to the cyclone combustion chamber, wherein The primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are located at the upper portion of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone cylinder 1.
由于旋风燃烧装置的一次风喷口、二次风喷口均位于旋风筒的上部，烟气出口位于旋风筒的顶部，因此，在燃烧燃料的过程中，燃料和风可以先从上至下旋风燃烧直至旋风燃烧室的底部，再从旋风燃烧室底部折返上升直至从烟气排出管排出，上升过程中可以继续未完成的反应过程，因此，本发明的旋风燃烧装置可以在旋风筒的轴向长度一定的情况下有效增加燃料的行程，使燃料与氧气充分发生反应，利于燃料的充分燃烧和转化，从而能更好地适用于燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料。Since the primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone combustion device are located at the upper part of the cyclone, the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone, so that during the combustion of the fuel, the fuel and the wind can be burned from top to bottom to the cyclone. The bottom of the combustion chamber is retracted from the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber until it is discharged from the flue gas exhaust pipe, and the unfinished reaction process can be continued during the ascending process. Therefore, the cyclone combustion device of the present invention can have a certain axial length in the cyclone cylinder. In this case, the fuel stroke is effectively increased, and the fuel and oxygen are fully reacted, which is beneficial to the full combustion and conversion of the fuel, so that it can be better applied to a fuel with a slow burning rate and a long burning time.
以下结合图1至图3详细说明本发明实施例的旋风燃烧装置、燃烧设备和燃烧方法。Hereinafter, a cyclone combustion apparatus, a combustion apparatus, and a combustion method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
图1为本发明实施例的旋风燃烧装置的结构示意图。图2为图1所示实施例的旋风燃烧装置的俯视结构示意图。如图1和图2所示，该旋风燃烧装置包括旋风筒1、一次风管2、二次风管3 和烟气排出管5。1 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing the cyclone combustion apparatus of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the cyclone combustion device includes a cyclone cylinder 1, a primary air duct 2, and a secondary air duct 3. And the smoke exhaust pipe 5.
旋风筒1竖直设置。旋风筒1具有旋风燃烧室、一次风喷口、二次风喷口、烟气出口和捕渣口4。旋风燃烧室位于旋风筒1的内部。一次风喷口、二次风喷口和烟气出口分别与旋风燃烧室连通。其中，一次风喷口、二次风喷口均位于旋风筒1的上部，烟气出口位于旋风筒1的顶部。旋风筒1为底部缩口的圆柱形筒，旋风筒1的底部缩口形成捕渣口4。The cyclone 1 is arranged vertically. The cyclone cylinder 1 has a cyclone combustion chamber, a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, a flue gas outlet, and a slag trap 4. The cyclone combustion chamber is located inside the cyclone cylinder 1. The primary air vent, the secondary air vent, and the flue gas outlet are respectively connected to the cyclone combustion chamber. Wherein, the primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are located at an upper portion of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone cylinder 1. The cyclone cylinder 1 is a cylindrical cylinder whose bottom is constricted, and the bottom of the cyclone cylinder 1 is narrowed to form a slag trap 4.
一次风管2设置于旋风筒1上一次风喷口处并通过一次风喷口与旋风燃烧室连通。The primary air duct 2 is disposed at the primary air outlet of the cyclone cylinder 1 and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle.
二次风管3设置于旋风筒1上二次风喷口处并通过二次风喷口与旋风燃烧室连通。The secondary air duct 3 is disposed at the secondary air nozzle of the cyclone cylinder 1 and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle.
烟气排出管5设置于旋风筒1上烟气出口处并通过烟气出口与旋风燃烧室连通。烟气排出管5为圆形管。The flue gas discharge pipe 5 is disposed at the flue gas outlet of the cyclone cylinder 1 and communicates with the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet. The flue gas exhaust pipe 5 is a circular pipe.
旋风筒1内部的轴向长度与旋风筒1的内径的比值优选地为1.0～5.0。该设置使得采用该旋风燃烧装置燃烧半焦等燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料时，既可以保证燃料沿旋风炉内壁有较长的行程，使其具有足够的反时间，得以与旋风燃烧室内的氧气充分发生反应，从而燃烧较为完全，又使烟气流动过程中动量损失不大，始终保持足够的旋转能力，旋风筒1内的截面热负荷强度适合。The ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 is preferably 1.0 to 5.0. The arrangement makes it possible to ensure that the fuel has a long stroke along the inner wall of the cyclone furnace when the combustion of the semi-coke and other fuels with a slow burning rate and a long burn-off time is used, so that the fuel has sufficient reverse time to be combusted with the cyclone. The oxygen in the room reacts sufficiently, so that the combustion is relatively complete, and the momentum loss during the flow of the flue gas is not large, and sufficient rotation capacity is always maintained, and the section heat load intensity in the cyclone cylinder 1 is suitable.
本实施例中优选地，旋风燃烧装置的旋风筒1内部的轴向长度与旋风筒1的内径的比值为1.0～1.5。例如，可以使旋风筒1内部的轴向长度与旋风筒1的内径的比值等于1.3。旋风燃烧装置的旋风筒1内部的轴向长度与旋风筒1的内径的比值为1.0～1.5，使得采用该旋风燃烧装置燃烧半焦等燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料时，可以使燃料得以燃烧较为完全的情况下，尽可能地减少烟气流动过程中的动量损失，保持旋风燃烧室内的气流具有足够的 旋转能力，旋风筒1内部的截面热负荷强度适合。In the present embodiment, preferably, the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 of the cyclone combustion apparatus to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 is 1.0 to 1.5. For example, the ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 can be made equal to 1.3. The ratio of the axial length inside the cyclone 1 of the cyclone combustion apparatus to the inner diameter of the cyclone 1 is 1.0 to 1.5, so that the fuel can be made by burning the fuel having a slow burning rate and a long burning time such as a semi-coke. When the combustion is relatively complete, the momentum loss during the flow of the flue gas is reduced as much as possible, and the airflow in the cyclone combustion chamber is sufficient. Rotational ability, the cross-section thermal load strength inside the cyclone cylinder 1 is suitable.
烟气排出管5的内径与旋风筒1的内径的比值优选地为0.4～0.55。烟气排出管5的内径与旋风筒1的内径的比值设置在该范围内，使旋风燃烧室内有较好气体流动情况，旋风燃烧室内的旋转向上的气流可以以合适的烟气流速顺利经烟气排出管5排出，并有效控制烟气排出管5内的回流区，减少能量损失。The ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 is preferably 0.4 to 0.55. The ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 is set within the range, so that there is a better gas flow in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the swirling upward airflow in the cyclone combustion chamber can smoothly pass the smoke at a suitable flue gas flow rate. The gas discharge pipe 5 is discharged, and the recirculation zone in the flue gas discharge pipe 5 is effectively controlled to reduce energy loss.
另外如图1所示，本实施例中烟气排出管5的底端位于旋风燃烧室的内部、烟气出口的下方。该设置可以较好地组织旋风燃烧室内的物质流动，使从一次风喷口和二次风喷口进入旋风燃烧室的燃料和含氧气体进入旋风燃烧室后基本能较好地产生切向流动，利于形成旋风燃烧，利于减少燃料在未与氧气充分反应的情况下发生短路流向烟气出口的可能。Further, as shown in Fig. 1, the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 in this embodiment is located inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the flue gas outlet. The arrangement can better organize the flow of substances in the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas entering the cyclone combustion chamber from the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle can enter the cyclone combustion chamber to generate tangential flow, which is beneficial to the tangential flow. The formation of cyclone combustion facilitates reducing the possibility of short-circuiting of the fuel to the flue gas outlet without adequate reaction with oxygen.
如图1所示，本实施例中优选地，一次风喷口和二次风喷口在高度方向上均位于烟气出口和烟气排出管5的底端之间。该设置可以更好地组织旋风燃烧室内的物质流动，使从一次风喷口和二次风喷口进入旋风燃烧室的燃料和含氧气体进入旋风燃烧室后被限制于一环形空间内而能很好地产生切向流动，利于形成旋风燃烧，有效阻止燃料在未与氧气充分反应的情况下发生短路流向烟气出口。As shown in Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, preferably, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are located between the flue gas outlet and the bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 in the height direction. The arrangement can better organize the flow of material in the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas entering the cyclone combustion chamber from the primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are restricted to an annular space after entering the cyclone combustion chamber, which is good. The tangential flow is generated to facilitate the formation of cyclone combustion, effectively preventing the short-circuiting of the fuel to the flue gas outlet without fully reacting with oxygen.
本实施例中优选地，烟气排出管5的底端至烟气出口的距离即(烟气排出管5伸入旋风燃烧室内的长度)与旋风筒1内部的轴向长度的比值大于或等于0.3且小于或等于0.36。该设置在能保证旋风燃烧室顶部贴壁处产生较强的旋风流动的基础上，使旋风筒1内的高温气流混合充分，从而更好地燃烧。In the present embodiment, preferably, the distance from the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the flue gas outlet, that is, the ratio of the length of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extending into the cyclone combustion chamber to the axial length inside the cyclone cylinder 1 is greater than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.36. The arrangement is based on ensuring a strong cyclone flow at the top of the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the high-temperature airflow in the cyclone cylinder 1 is sufficiently mixed to better burn.
而同时限制烟气排出管5的内径与旋风筒1的内径的比值和烟气排出管5伸入旋风燃烧室内的长度与旋风筒1的轴向长度的 比值，可以保证旋风筒1内流场的分布均匀，减小短路气流与烟气排出管5外相对较冷烟气的回流，同时还可以保证高温烟气的混合，使得褐煤半焦等燃烧速率慢的燃料一直处于较高温度水平下，有利于燃料与氧气充分发生反应而充分转化。经转化形成的高温CO、H2等物质进入到后述的补充燃烧室6后，通过再次补充适量二次风(补充风)，便可实现CO和H2的高效转化，最终达到褐煤半焦等燃烧速率慢燃料的高效燃烧。At the same time, the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder 1 and the ratio of the length of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extending into the cyclone combustion chamber to the axial length of the cyclone cylinder 1 can be ensured to ensure the flow field in the cyclone cylinder 1 The distribution is even, reducing the short-circuit airflow and the relatively cold flue gas reflux outside the flue gas exhaust pipe 5, and also ensuring the mixing of the high-temperature flue gas, so that the burning fuel with slow burning rate such as lignite semi-coke is always at a higher temperature level. It is beneficial for the fuel to fully react with oxygen to fully convert. After the high-temperature CO, H 2 and other substances formed by the conversion enter the supplementary combustion chamber 6 described later, the high-efficiency conversion of CO and H 2 can be achieved by replenishing an appropriate amount of secondary air (replenishing wind), and finally the lignite semi-coke is achieved. Efficient combustion of fuels with slow burning rates.
如图2所示，本实施例中，一次风管2大致沿旋风筒1的切向设置于旋风筒1的侧壁上。二次风管3大致沿旋风筒1的切向设置于旋风筒1的侧壁上。该设置利于形成旋风燃烧，从而保证燃料的行程，利于燃料与氧气充分发生反应。As shown in FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the primary air duct 2 is disposed substantially on the side wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 in the tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder 1. The secondary air duct 3 is disposed substantially on the side wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 in the tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder 1. This setting facilitates the formation of cyclone combustion, thereby ensuring the fuel stroke and facilitating the full reaction of the fuel with oxygen.
本实施例中，一次风喷口和二次风喷口均为圆形喷口。一次风喷口和二次风喷口设置为圆形喷口可以减少气流的扩散，增加气流流动的刚性，进而可以使气流更规律的沿旋风筒1内壁旋转向下流动。In this embodiment, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle are both circular nozzles. The primary air outlet and the secondary air nozzle are arranged as circular nozzles to reduce the diffusion of the airflow and increase the rigidity of the airflow, so that the airflow can be rotated more regularly along the inner wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 .
本发明中，一次风管和二次风管的数量可以是一个或两个以上，例如，一次风管和二次风管的数量可以均为三个。另外一次风管的数量和二次风管的数量可以相同也可以不同。In the present invention, the number of the primary air duct and the secondary air duct may be one or two or more. For example, the number of the primary air duct and the secondary air duct may be three. The number of air ducts and the number of secondary air ducts may be the same or different.
如图2所示，本实施例中，两个一次风喷口与两个以上一次风管2一一对应地设置，两个一次风管2相对于旋风筒1的轴线均匀间隔地旋转对称布置。两个二次风喷口与两个以上二次风管3一一对应地设置，两个二次风管3相对于旋风筒1的轴线均匀间隔地旋转对称布置。该设置利于形成旋风燃烧，从而保证燃料的行程，利于燃料与氧气充分发生反应。As shown in FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, two primary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with two or more primary air ducts 2, and the two primary air ducts 2 are rotationally symmetrically arranged at even intervals with respect to the axis of the cyclone cylinder 1. The two secondary air nozzles are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the two or more secondary air ducts 3, and the two secondary air ducts 3 are arranged in a rotationally symmetric manner with respect to the axis of the cyclone cylinder 1 at even intervals. This setting facilitates the formation of cyclone combustion, thereby ensuring the fuel stroke and facilitating the full reaction of the fuel with oxygen.
如图2所示，本实施例中两个一次风管2和两个二次风管3一一对应的设置，每个二次风管3设置于对应的一次风管2的下 游，且每个二次风管3与对应的一次风管2之间的夹角为50°～70°，例如为60°左右。一次风管2和二次风管3之间的夹角为50°～70°，使二次风管3可以及时补充一次风管2喷入的燃料进一步燃烧所需的氧气。As shown in FIG. 2, in the embodiment, two primary air ducts 2 and two secondary air ducts 3 are arranged one by one, and each secondary air duct 3 is disposed under the corresponding primary air duct 2. The angle between each secondary air duct 3 and the corresponding primary air duct 2 is 50° to 70°, for example, about 60°. The angle between the primary air duct 2 and the secondary air duct 3 is 50° to 70°, so that the secondary air duct 3 can replenish the oxygen required for further combustion of the fuel injected by the air duct 2 in time.
本实施例中，二次风喷口的中心轴线的高度等于或低于一次风喷口的中心轴线的高度，且二次风喷口与所述一次风喷口之间的高度小于旋风筒1的周长的5％。该设置可以使燃料在进入旋风燃烧室的最初即可以与旋风燃烧室内的氧气有充分接触的机会，更利于燃料与氧气的及时、充分反应。In this embodiment, the height of the central axis of the secondary air nozzle is equal to or lower than the height of the central axis of the primary air nozzle, and the height between the secondary air nozzle and the primary air nozzle is smaller than the circumference of the cyclone 1 5%. This arrangement makes it possible for the fuel to have sufficient contact with the oxygen in the cyclone combustion chamber at the beginning of entering the cyclone combustion chamber, which is more conducive to timely and sufficient reaction of the fuel and oxygen.
如图1所示，本实施例中，一次风管2从远离旋风筒1的一侧向靠近旋风筒1的一侧下倾第一角度，第一角度大于或等于2°且小于或等于8°。二次风管3从远离旋风筒1的一侧向靠近旋风筒1的一侧下倾第二角度，第二角度大于或等于2°且小于或等于8°。使一次风管2和二次风管3下倾一定的角度范围，一方面利于引导燃料和含氧气体沿旋风筒1贴壁旋风下行，形成理想的气体流动，一方面可以保证燃料在旋风燃烧室内的行程及停留时间，利于燃料与氧气充分发生反应。As shown in FIG. 1 , in the present embodiment, the primary air duct 2 is inclined downward from the side far from the cyclone cylinder 1 toward the side close to the cyclone cylinder 1 by a first angle, and the first angle is greater than or equal to 2° and less than or equal to 8 °. The secondary air duct 3 is inclined downward from the side remote from the cyclone cylinder 1 toward the side close to the cyclone cylinder 1 by a second angle, the second angle being greater than or equal to 2 degrees and less than or equal to 8 degrees. The first air duct 2 and the secondary air duct 3 are inclined down to a certain angular range, which is advantageous for guiding the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas to descend along the cyclone of the cyclone cylinder 1 to form an ideal gas flow, and on the one hand, the fuel can be burned in the cyclone. The indoor travel and residence time facilitates the full reaction of fuel and oxygen.
本实施例中进一步优选地，第一角度大于或等于2°且小于或等于5°。第二角度大于或等于2°且小于或等于5°。该设置在旋风燃烧室内形成理想的气体流动的基础上，更利于保证燃料在旋风燃烧室内的行程及停留时间，利于燃料与氧气充分发生反应。Further preferably, in the embodiment, the first angle is greater than or equal to 2° and less than or equal to 5°. The second angle is greater than or equal to 2° and less than or equal to 5°. The arrangement is based on the formation of an ideal gas flow in the cyclone combustion chamber, which is more favorable for ensuring the stroke and residence time of the fuel in the cyclone combustion chamber, and is beneficial for the fuel to fully react with oxygen.
旋风筒1包括侧壁和设置于侧壁顶部的顶盖。侧壁包括水冷壁和敷设于水冷壁外部的耐火材料。顶盖由耐火材料制成。烟气出口开设在顶盖上。水冷壁可在燃料燃烧过程中吸收热量加热给水。水冷壁外敷设耐火材料，可以防止颗粒对水冷壁的磨损。 The cyclone 1 includes a side wall and a top cover disposed at the top of the side wall. The side wall includes a water wall and a refractory material that is applied to the exterior of the water wall. The top cover is made of refractory material. The flue gas outlet is opened on the top cover. The water wall absorbs heat to heat the feed water during the combustion of the fuel. The refractory material is placed outside the water wall to prevent the particles from being worn on the water wall.
如图1所示，本实施例中更具体地，旋风筒1的侧壁分为上下两部分，上段部分呈圆筒形，下段部分呈圆锥台形，圆锥台形上大下小，与圆筒形部分无缝连接。圆筒形部分及圆锥台形部分均由水冷壁构成，且在水冷壁外铺设一层耐火材料。顶盖由耐火材料筑成，顶盖中心与圆形的烟气排出管5无缝连接，烟气排出管5的底端伸入到旋风筒1的旋风燃烧室内，另一端伸出旋风筒1外。烟气排出管5可由水冷壁构成以吸收烟气排出管5内烟气的热量，也可由耐火材料构成。As shown in Fig. 1, in the embodiment, more specifically, the side wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is cylindrical, the lower part is in the shape of a truncated cone, the truncated cone is large and small, and the cylindrical shape Partially seamless. Both the cylindrical portion and the truncated cone portion are composed of water-cooled walls, and a layer of refractory material is laid outside the water-cooled wall. The top cover is made of refractory material, the center of the top cover is seamlessly connected with the circular flue gas discharge pipe 5, the bottom end of the flue gas discharge pipe 5 extends into the cyclone combustion chamber of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the other end extends out of the cyclone cylinder 1 outer. The flue gas exhaust pipe 5 may be constituted by a water-cooling wall to absorb the heat of the flue gas in the flue gas exhaust pipe 5, and may also be composed of a refractory material.
如图1所示，旋风筒1的底部直径逐渐缩小而形成捕渣口4(圆锥台形部分的底端)。捕渣口4与烟气出口均以旋风筒1的轴线为中心设置。旋风燃烧室内的燃料燃烧过程中产生的液态渣，沿旋风筒1的筒壁流下，到达捕渣口4后从捕渣口4流出。捕渣口4下部与一竖直管道相连，竖直管道下部通入一水槽中，用以冷却燃烧过程中产生的液态灰渣，同时进行水封，防止空气从捕渣口4进入旋风燃烧室内，影响燃烧效果。As shown in Fig. 1, the diameter of the bottom of the cyclone cylinder 1 is gradually reduced to form a slag trap 4 (the bottom end of the truncated cone portion). Both the slag trap 4 and the flue gas outlet are disposed centering on the axis of the cyclone barrel 1. The liquid slag generated during the combustion of the fuel in the cyclone combustion chamber flows down the wall of the cyclone barrel 1 and reaches the slag trap 4, and then flows out from the slag trap 4. The lower part of the slag catching port 4 is connected with a vertical pipe, and the lower part of the vertical pipe is connected into a water tank for cooling the liquid ash generated during the combustion process, and at the same time sealing the water to prevent the air from entering the cyclone combustion chamber from the slag trap 4 , affecting the burning effect.
如图3所示，本发明实施例还提供一种燃烧设备。该燃烧设备包括本发明的旋风燃烧装置和设置于旋风燃烧装置下游的补充燃烧装置。补充燃烧装置包括补充燃烧室6，补充燃烧室6设置有烟气进口和补充风喷口7，旋风燃烧装置的烟气排出管5的与其底端相对的另一端与烟气进口连通。本实施例中，补充燃烧室6由水冷壁构成，以利于吸收补充燃烧室内的热量。As shown in FIG. 3, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a combustion apparatus. The combustion apparatus includes the cyclone combustion apparatus of the present invention and a supplemental combustion apparatus disposed downstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus. The supplemental combustion device includes a supplemental combustion chamber 6 provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplemental air spout 7, the other end of the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 opposite the bottom end thereof being in communication with the flue gas inlet. In this embodiment, the supplemental combustion chamber 6 is constructed of a water-cooled wall to facilitate absorption of heat in the supplemental combustion chamber.
设置补充燃烧装置，并在补充燃烧装置中设置补充风喷口7，从而可以控制旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数小于1，使旋风燃烧室处于还原性气氛中，因而在旋风燃烧室进行燃烧反应的过程生成的NOx减少，NOx排放量较低。而在补充燃烧室内进行补充燃烧时，由于温度相对较低，不利于NOx的生成，从而可以减低整 个燃烧设备的NOx排放量。A supplementary combustion device is provided, and a supplementary air nozzle 7 is provided in the supplementary combustion device, so that the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber can be controlled to be less than 1, so that the cyclone combustion chamber is in a reducing atmosphere, and thus the combustion reaction is performed in the cyclone combustion chamber. The generated NOx is reduced and the NOx emissions are low. When supplemental combustion is performed in the supplementary combustion chamber, the temperature is relatively low, which is not conducive to the formation of NOx, thereby reducing the overall NOx emissions from combustion equipment.
如图3所示，本实施例中，补充燃烧装置的烟气进口位于二次燃烧室的底部，补充燃烧装置的补充风喷口7位于二次燃烧室下部。该设置可以充分利用补充燃烧室的空间，使补充燃烧室内的可燃物质充分燃尽。As shown in Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the flue gas inlet of the supplementary combustion device is located at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, and the supplementary air spout 7 of the supplementary combustion device is located at the lower portion of the secondary combustion chamber. This arrangement can make full use of the space for replenishing the combustion chamber, so that the combustible material in the supplementary combustion chamber is fully burned out.
如图3所示，本发明的补充燃烧设备还包括磨煤机11、过热器8、省煤器9、空气预热器10、除尘器13、脱硫装置14和烟囱15。As shown in FIG. 3, the supplementary combustion apparatus of the present invention further includes a coal mill 11, a superheater 8, an economizer 9, an air preheater 10, a dust remover 13, a desulfurization device 14, and a chimney 15.
磨煤机11设置于旋风燃烧装置的上游，其出口与一次风管2连接。用于将燃料加工成粉末。本实施例中燃料为褐煤半焦。The coal mill 11 is disposed upstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus, and its outlet is connected to the primary air duct 2. Used to process fuel into powder. In this embodiment, the fuel is brown coal semi-coke.
过热器8设置于补充燃烧设备的水平烟道内，过热器8用于吸收水平烟道内的热量以将其内的水转变为蒸汽。省煤器9在过热器8的下游，设置于补充燃烧设备的尾部烟道12内，省煤器9用于吸收尾部烟道内的热量以加热其内的给水。空气预热器10位于省煤器9的下游，设置于尾部烟道内用于加热进入旋风燃烧室和补充燃烧室之前的含氧气体。本实施例中，含氧气体为空气。The superheater 8 is disposed in a horizontal flue of a supplemental combustion apparatus for absorbing heat in the horizontal flue to convert water therein into steam. The economizer 9 is disposed downstream of the superheater 8 in the tail flue 12 of the supplementary combustion apparatus, and the economizer 9 is for absorbing heat in the tail flue to heat the feed water therein. The air preheater 10 is located downstream of the economizer 9 and is disposed in the tail flue for heating the oxygen containing gas prior to entering the cyclone combustion chamber and replenishing the combustion chamber. In this embodiment, the oxygen-containing gas is air.
本发明还提供一种利用本发明前述的燃烧设备燃烧燃料的燃烧方法。该燃烧方法包括：通过一次风喷口向旋风燃烧室内通入含有燃料粉末的一次风，通过二次风喷口向旋风燃烧室内通入二次风，使旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数小于1；燃料粉末在旋风燃烧室内燃烧生成的烟气通入补充燃烧室6，通过补充风喷口7向补充燃烧室6通入补充风，使烟气内的可燃物质燃尽。The present invention also provides a combustion method for burning fuel using the aforementioned combustion apparatus of the present invention. The combustion method includes: introducing a primary air containing fuel powder into the cyclone combustion chamber through a primary air nozzle, and introducing a secondary air into the cyclone combustion chamber through the secondary air nozzle, so that an excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is less than 1; The flue gas generated by the combustion in the cyclone combustion chamber is supplied to the supplementary combustion chamber 6, and the supplementary air is supplied to the supplementary combustion chamber 6 through the supplementary air nozzle 7, so that the combustible material in the flue gas is burned out.
本实施例的燃料具体地为褐煤半焦。The fuel of this embodiment is specifically brown coal semi-coke.
本实施例中优选地，旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数为0.6～0.8。该过量空气系数的设置范围可以使旋风燃烧室内具有较强的还原性气氛，可以较好地控制NOx排放量。 In the present embodiment, preferably, the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber is 0.6 to 0.8. The setting range of the excess air coefficient can make the cyclone combustion chamber have a strong reducing atmosphere, and can better control the NOx emission.
另外，本实施例优选地，从二次风喷口通入旋风燃烧室的二次风的风温为100℃～250℃。该风温相对于现有技术的二次风的风温较低。这是因为，褐煤等煤炭经低温热解后，含水量一般都不高，且得到的褐煤半焦基本为颗粒状，在磨煤机11中磨制的过程较容易，同时含水量较少，无需特别的干燥过程，故可采用较低的二次风的风温。在过量空气系数相同的条件下，相对较低的二次风的风温可以降低旋风燃烧室内的烟气流速，增大半焦颗粒在旋风筒1内的停留时间，进而使半焦与氧气充分发生反应。Further, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the air temperature of the secondary air that is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber from the secondary air nozzle is 100 to 250 °C. This wind temperature is lower than that of the secondary air of the prior art. This is because, after low-temperature pyrolysis of coal such as lignite, the water content is generally not high, and the obtained brown coal semi-coke is substantially granular, and the grinding process in the coal mill 11 is relatively easy, and the water content is small. A lower secondary air temperature can be used without a special drying process. Under the condition that the excess air ratio is the same, the relatively low secondary air temperature can reduce the flue gas flow rate in the cyclone combustion chamber, increase the residence time of the semi-coke particles in the cyclone cylinder 1, and further make the semi-coke and oxygen fully occur. reaction.
本实施例的半焦燃烧方法的具体步骤如下：The specific steps of the semi-coke combustion method of this embodiment are as follows:
褐煤半焦由磨煤机11研磨后制成褐煤半焦粉末。其中，为保证褐煤半焦在旋风筒1内的高燃尽性，经过磨煤机11研磨后的褐煤半焦粉末的颗粒粒径宜小于200μm。The lignite semi-coke is ground by a coal mill 11 to form a lignite semi-coke powder. Among them, in order to ensure high burn-up of lignite semi-coke in the cyclone cylinder 1, the particle size of the lignite semi-coke powder after grinding by the coal mill 11 is preferably less than 200 μm.
褐煤半焦粉末经由一次风喷口送入旋风燃烧室。由于旋风燃烧室内较高的炉温和热负荷，进入旋风燃烧室的褐煤半焦的挥发分析出并进行燃烧；剩余的焦炭颗粒沿旋风筒1的筒壁旋转向下流动。The lignite semi-coke powder is fed into the cyclone combustion chamber via a primary air vent. Due to the higher furnace temperature and heat load in the cyclone combustion chamber, the volatilization of the lignite semi-coke entering the cyclone combustion chamber is analyzed and burned; the remaining coke particles rotate downward along the wall of the cyclone cylinder 1.
二次风按照使旋风燃烧室内过量空气系数为0.6～0.8的风量经二次风喷口通入旋风燃烧室内，二次风及时补充焦炭反应所需要的氧量，由于旋风燃烧室内高的热负荷和褐煤半焦颗粒较长的停留时间，使褐煤半焦具有较高的燃尽率。而由于过量空气系数小于1，旋风燃烧室内处于还原性气氛，燃烧反应过程生成的NOx减少，NOx排放量较低。The secondary air is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber according to the air volume with an excess air coefficient of 0.6-0.8 in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the secondary air timely replenishes the oxygen required for the coke reaction, due to the high heat load in the cyclone combustion chamber and The longer residence time of the lignite semi-coke particles makes the lignite semi-coke have a higher burnout rate. Since the excess air ratio is less than 1, the cyclone combustion chamber is in a reducing atmosphere, and the NOx generated by the combustion reaction process is reduced, and the NOx emission is low.
褐煤半焦在旋风燃烧室内旋转燃烧，产生的烟气从烟气排出管5排出旋风燃烧室，液态灰渣在旋风燃烧室底部被捕集并从捕渣口4排出。从烟气排出管5排出的烟气的主要成分包括CO2、N2、H2O等不可燃成分以及H2、CO等可燃成分。 The lignite semi-coke is rotationally burned in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the generated flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe 5 to the cyclone combustion chamber, and the liquid ash is trapped at the bottom of the cyclone combustion chamber and discharged from the slag trap 4 . The main components of the flue gas discharged from the flue gas exhaust pipe 5 include incombustible components such as CO 2 , N 2 , and H 2 O, and combustible components such as H 2 and CO.
从烟气排出管5排出的烟气进入补充燃烧室内与从补充风喷口7喷入的补充风混合，继续燃烧，将未完全反应的CO和H2转化为CO2和H2O。The flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge pipe 5 enters the replenishing combustion chamber and is mixed with the replenishing air injected from the replenishing air spout 7, continues combustion, and converts the incompletely reacted CO and H 2 into CO 2 and H 2 O.
反应后的烟气继续经过过热器8，省煤器9，空气预热器10等受热面释放热量后经过除尘器13除尘，经脱硫装置15脱硫后由烟囱15排入大气。The flue gas after the reaction continues to pass through the superheater 8, the economizer 9, the air preheater 10 and the like, and the heat is released from the heated surface, and then dedusted by the dust remover 13, and then desulfurized by the desulfurization device 15 and discharged into the atmosphere by the chimney 15.
本发明以上实施例的旋风燃烧装置可以利用旋风筒内高热负荷的特性及通过延长燃料行程和在旋风燃烧室内的停留时间实现褐煤半焦等着火点高、燃烧速率慢、燃尽时间长的燃料的高燃尽率燃烧。本发明的燃烧设备和燃烧方法则可以使旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数小于1，旋风燃烧室内为还原性气氛，实现褐煤半焦等燃烧速率慢的燃料在旋风燃烧室内的低NOx燃烧，最终达到褐煤半焦等燃烧速率慢的燃料燃烧的高效清洁燃烧，从而在实现高效燃尽的同时控制NOx排放量。The cyclone combustion device of the above embodiment of the present invention can utilize the characteristics of high heat load in the cyclone cylinder and realize the fuel with high ignition point, slow burning rate and long burn-out time such as lignite semi-coke by extending the fuel stroke and the residence time in the cyclone combustion chamber. High burnout rate burning. The combustion apparatus and the combustion method of the invention can make the excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber less than 1, and the reducing atmosphere in the cyclone combustion chamber realize low NOx combustion of the fuel with slow burning rate such as lignite semi-coke in the cyclone combustion chamber, and finally reach High-efficiency clean combustion of fuels with slow burning rates, such as lignite semi-coke, to control NOx emissions while achieving efficient burn-out.
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。 It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that The invention is not limited to the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims (18)

  1. 一种旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，包括旋风筒(1)，所述旋风筒(1)竖直设置且具有设置于旋风筒(1)内部的旋风燃烧室和分别与所述旋风燃烧室连通的一次风喷口、二次风喷口、烟气出口和捕渣口(4)，其中，所述一次风喷口、所述二次风喷口均位于所述旋风筒(1)的上部，所述烟气出口位于所述旋风筒(1)的顶部。A cyclone combustion apparatus, comprising: a cyclone cylinder (1), the cyclone cylinder (1) being vertically disposed and having a cyclone combustion chamber disposed inside the cyclone cylinder (1) and respectively connected to the cyclone combustion chamber a primary air vent, a secondary air vent, a flue gas outlet, and a slag trap (4), wherein the primary air vent and the secondary air vent are located at an upper portion of the cyclone (1), the smoke The gas outlet is located at the top of the cyclone (1).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述旋风筒(1)内部的轴向长度与所述旋风筒(1)的内径的比值为1.0～5.0，优选地为1.0～1.5。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of an axial length inside the cyclone cylinder (1) to an inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder (1) is 1.0 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 1.5. .
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括烟气排出管(5)，所述烟气排出管(5)设置于所述旋风筒(1)上所述烟气出口处并通过所述烟气出口与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述烟气排出管(5)的内径与所述旋风筒(1)的内径的比值为0.4～0.55。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cyclone combustion apparatus further comprises a flue gas discharge pipe (5), and the flue gas discharge pipe (5) is disposed on the cyclone cylinder (1) The flue gas outlet is connected to the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the flue gas exhaust pipe (5) to the inner diameter of the cyclone cylinder (1) is 0.4 to 0.55.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括烟气排出管(5)，所述烟气排出管(5)设置于所述旋风筒(1)上所述烟气出口处并通过所述烟气出口与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述烟气排出管(5)的底端位于所述旋风燃烧室内部、所述烟气出口的下方。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cyclone combustion apparatus further comprises a flue gas discharge pipe (5), and the flue gas discharge pipe (5) is disposed on the cyclone cylinder (1) The flue gas outlet is connected to the cyclone combustion chamber through the flue gas outlet, and the bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe (5) is located inside the cyclone combustion chamber and below the flue gas outlet.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述烟气排出管(5)的底端至所述烟气出口的距离与所述旋风筒(1)内部的轴向长度的比值为0.3～0.36。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a ratio of a distance from a bottom end of the flue gas exhaust pipe (5) to the flue gas outlet to an axial length inside the cyclone cylinder (1) It is 0.3 to 0.36.
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述一次风喷口和/或所述二次风喷口在高度方向上位于所述烟气 排出管(5)的底端与所述烟气出口之间。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said primary air vent and/or said secondary air vent are located in said height in said smoke direction The bottom end of the discharge pipe (5) is between the flue gas outlet.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括一次风管(2)，所述一次风管(2)设置于所述旋风筒(1)上所述一次风喷口处并通过所述一次风喷口与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述一次风管(2)大致沿所述旋风筒(1)的切向设置于所述旋风筒(1)的侧壁上；和/或，所述旋风燃烧装置还包括二次风管(2)，所述二次风管(2)设置于所述旋风筒(1)上所述二次风喷口处并通过所述二次风喷口与所述旋风燃烧室连通，所述二次风管(3)大致沿所述旋风筒(1)的切向设置于所述旋风筒(1)的侧壁上。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said cyclone combustion apparatus further comprises a primary air duct (2), said primary air duct (2) being disposed on said cyclone cylinder (1) a wind tunnel is connected to the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, and the primary air duct (2) is disposed on a side wall of the cyclone cylinder (1) substantially along a tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder (1) And/or, the cyclone combustion device further includes a secondary air duct (2), the secondary air duct (2) is disposed at the secondary air nozzle on the cyclone cylinder (1) and passes through the The secondary air nozzle is in communication with the cyclone combustion chamber, and the secondary air duct (3) is disposed on a side wall of the cyclone cylinder (1) substantially along a tangential direction of the cyclone cylinder (1).
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，两个以上所述一次风喷口与两个以上所述一次风管(2)一一对应地设置，所述两个以上一次风管(2)相对于所述旋风筒(1)的轴线均匀间隔地旋转对称布置；和/或，两个以上所述二次风喷口与两个以上所述二次风管(3)一一对应地设置，所述两个以上二次风管(3)相对于所述旋风筒(1)的轴线均匀间隔地旋转对称布置。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 7, wherein two or more of said primary air nozzles are provided in one-to-one correspondence with two or more of said primary air ducts (2), said two or more primary air ducts ( 2) rotationally symmetrically arranged at even intervals with respect to the axis of the cyclone cylinder (1); and/or two or more of the secondary air nozzles are in one-to-one correspondence with two or more of the secondary air ducts (3) It is provided that the two or more secondary air ducts (3) are arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of the cyclone cylinder (1) at even intervals.
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述一次风管(2)和所述二次风管(3)一一对应的设置，所述二次风管(3)设置于对应的所述一次风管(2)的气流流动方向的下游，且所述二次风管(3)与对应的所述一次风管(2)之间的夹角为50°～70°。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the primary air duct (2) and the secondary air duct (3) are arranged one-to-one, and the secondary air duct (3) is disposed at Corresponding to the downstream flow direction of the primary air duct (2), and the angle between the secondary air duct (3) and the corresponding primary air duct (2) is 50° to 70°.
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述一次风管(2)从远离所述旋风筒(1)的一侧向靠近所述旋风筒(1)的一侧下倾第一角度，所述第一角度为2°～8°，优选地为2°～5°；和/或，所述二次风管(3)从远离所述旋风筒(1) 的一侧向靠近所述旋风筒(1)的一侧下倾第二角度，所述第二角度为2°～8°，优选地为2°～5°。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the primary air duct (2) is inclined downward from a side away from the cyclone cylinder (1) toward a side close to the cyclone cylinder (1) An angle, the first angle is 2 ° ~ 8 °, preferably 2 ° ~ 5 °; and / or, the secondary air duct (3) is away from the cyclone (1) One side is inclined downward by a second angle toward a side close to the cyclone (1), and the second angle is 2 to 8 degrees, preferably 2 to 5 degrees.
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述一次风喷口和所述二次风喷口均为圆形喷口。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said primary air nozzle and said secondary air nozzle are both circular nozzles.
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的旋风燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述二次风喷口的中心轴线的高度等于或低于所述一次风喷口的中心轴线的高度，且所述二次风喷口与所述一次风喷口之间的高度小于所述旋风筒(1)的周长的5％。The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a height of a central axis of the secondary air nozzle is equal to or lower than a height of a central axis of the primary air nozzle, and the secondary air nozzle is The height between the primary air nozzles is less than 5% of the circumference of the cyclone (1).
  13. 一种燃烧设备，包括旋风燃烧装置和设置于所述旋风燃烧装置下游的补充燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述旋风燃烧装置为根据权利要求1所述的旋风燃烧装置，所述补充燃烧装置包括补充燃烧室(6)，所述补充燃烧室(6)设置有烟气进口和补充风喷口(7)，所述旋风燃烧装置的烟气排出管(5)的与底端相对的另一端与所述烟气进口连通。A combustion apparatus comprising a cyclone combustion apparatus and a supplemental combustion apparatus disposed downstream of the cyclone combustion apparatus, wherein the cyclone combustion apparatus is the cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, the supplementary combustion apparatus comprising Complementing the combustion chamber (6), the supplementary combustion chamber (6) is provided with a flue gas inlet and a supplementary air spout (7), and the other end of the flue gas exhaust pipe (5) of the cyclone combustion device opposite to the bottom end is The flue gas inlet is connected.
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的燃烧设备，其特征在于，所述烟气进口位于所述二次燃烧室的底部，所述补充风喷口(7)位于所述二次燃烧室下部。A combustion apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said flue gas inlet is located at the bottom of said secondary combustion chamber, and said supplementary air vent (7) is located at a lower portion of said secondary combustion chamber.
  15. 一种利用权利要求13所述的燃烧设备燃烧燃料的燃烧方法，其特征在于，通过所述一次风喷口向所述旋风燃烧室内通入含有燃料粉末的一次风，通过所述二次风喷口向所述旋风燃烧室内通入二次风，并使所述旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数小于1；所述燃料粉末在所述旋风燃烧室内燃烧生成的烟气通入所述补充燃烧室(6)，通过所述补充风喷口(7)向所述补充燃烧室(6)通入补充风，并使所述烟气内的可燃物质燃尽。A combustion method for burning fuel by using the combustion apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a primary air containing fuel powder is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber through the primary air nozzle, and the secondary air nozzle is passed through the secondary air outlet a secondary air is introduced into the cyclone combustion chamber, and an excess air coefficient in the cyclone combustion chamber is less than 1; and the flue gas generated by the combustion of the fuel powder in the cyclone combustion chamber is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber (6) Replenishing air is introduced into the supplementary combustion chamber (6) through the supplementary air vent (7), and the combustible material in the flue gas is burned out.
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的燃烧方法，其特征在于，所述旋风燃烧室内的过量空气系数为0.6～0.8。 The combustion method according to claim 15, wherein the excess air ratio in the cyclone combustion chamber is 0.6 to 0.8.
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的燃烧方法，其特征在于，所述二次风的风温为100℃～250℃。The combustion method according to claim 15, wherein the secondary air has a wind temperature of from 100 ° C to 250 ° C.
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的燃烧方法，其特征在于，所述燃料为半焦。 The combustion method according to claim 15, wherein the fuel is a semi-coke.
PCT/CN2016/080447 2016-03-22 2016-04-28 Cyclone combustion apparatus, combustion device, and combustion method WO2017161633A1 (en)

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