CN217379083U - Cantilever inclined strut structure, cantilever inclined strut system and balanced type hanging beam tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an oblique brace structure encorbelments, the oblique brace system and the balanced type hanging beam frock of encorbelmenting, the oblique brace structure of encorbelmenting includes: the cantilever girder is fixed on the first floor slab; the inclined strut is arranged at a certain included angle with the overhanging main beam, and one end of the inclined strut is fixed on a second floor slab below the first floor slab; the semi-closed bracket is fixed on the cantilever girder; wherein, semi-enclosed bracket has the inserting groove, and the other end of bracing inserts the bottom butt of inserting groove and cantilever girder. Based on the technical scheme of the utility model, because semi-enclosed bracket is for being provided with semi-enclosed inserting groove, the other end of bracing inserts behind the inserting groove with the bottom butt of girder of encorbelmenting like this to prevent that it from taking place to slide. Thereby the solderless connection of bracing and girder of encorbelmenting has been realized. And then avoided adopting the welding mode to link the bracing with the girder of encorbelmenting the big problem of high altitude welding operation risk that leads to together, finally reduced field operation risk accident rate.

Description

Cantilever inclined strut structure, cantilever inclined strut system and balanced type hanging beam tool

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a supporting equipment technical field that encorbelments of building engineering relates to an inclined strut structure, the inclined strut system and balanced type hanging beam frock of encorbelmenting very much.

Background

At present, an inclined strut of an overhanging inclined strut structure and an overhanging main beam in the related art are usually connected together in a welding mode. However, this type of connection results in the field worker having to perform high-altitude welding operations, which are difficult to weld and pose a safety risk.

That is, the cantilever brace structure in the related art has a problem in that a work risk is large when the cantilever brace structure is assembled on site.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To the problem among the above-mentioned prior art, this application has provided a bracing structure of encorbelmenting, bracing system and balanced type hanging beam frock of encorbelmenting, and the problem that the operation risk is big when having solved the bracing structure of encorbelmenting and assembling on-the-spot has been solved.

The utility model discloses an oblique brace structure encorbelments, include: the cantilever girder is fixed on the first floor slab; the inclined strut is arranged at a certain included angle with the overhanging main beam, and one end of the inclined strut is fixed on a second floor slab below the first floor slab; the semi-closed bracket is fixed on the cantilever girder; wherein, semi-enclosed bracket has the inserting groove, and the other end of bracing inserts the bottom butt of inserting groove and girder of encorbelmenting, and semi-enclosed bracket has the curb plate simultaneously, and the curb plate is used for preventing the bracing to slide on the girder of encorbelmenting.

In one embodiment, the floor support further comprises a backing plate, wherein the backing plate is fixed on the second floor, and the upper end of the backing plate is fixedly connected with one end of the inclined strut.

In one embodiment, the two ends of the diagonal brace are respectively provided with a through hole.

In one embodiment, the anchor ring assembly is used for anchoring and fixing the cantilever girder on the first floor.

Another aspect of the utility model provides an oblique brace system of encorbelmenting, including foretell oblique brace structure of encorbelmenting, a plurality of oblique brace structures of encorbelmenting set up along the first direction interval.

In one embodiment, further comprising: the coupling beam is arranged on the cantilever main beams of the plurality of cantilever inclined strut structures; and the upright post is arranged on the coupling beam. Through this embodiment, the coupling beam links a plurality of bracing structures of encorbelmenting together and forms a whole, has strengthened the structural strength and the stability of the bracing system of encorbelmenting like this to ensure that the bracing system of encorbelmenting can stably support its upper portion article.

In one embodiment, the number of the coupling beams is multiple, and the multiple coupling beams are arranged on the multiple cantilever inclined strut structures at intervals along the second direction. Through this embodiment, a plurality of coupling beams link a plurality of bracing structures of encorbelmenting together and form a whole, have strengthened the structural strength and the stability of the bracing system of encorbelmenting like this to ensure that the bracing system of encorbelmenting can stably support its upper portion article. Of course, in alternative embodiments not shown in the drawings of the present application, the coupling beam may be provided as a single piece.

In one embodiment, the number of the upright posts is multiple, and the plurality of the upright posts are arranged on the coupling beam at intervals along the length direction of the coupling beam.

Another aspect of the utility model provides a balanced type hanging beam frock, balanced type hanging beam frock uses with foretell bracing system of encorbelmenting is supporting, and balanced type hanging beam frock includes: a connecting tube having a first end and a second end; the hanging beam is provided with a first connecting lug and a second connecting lug, the first connecting lug is arranged corresponding to the first end, and the second connecting lug is arranged corresponding to the second end; and one of the two lifting ropes is connected with the first end and the first connecting lug, and the other lifting rope is connected with the second connecting lug and the second end.

In one embodiment, the connection pipe includes a pipe body and stoppers provided at both ends of the pipe body. With the aid of the present embodiment, it is possible to,

the above-mentioned technical features can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent technical features as long as the purpose of the invention can be achieved.

The utility model provides a pair of bracing structure encorbelments, the bracing system and the balanced type hanging beam frock of encorbelmenting compares with prior art, possesses following beneficial effect at least:

(1) the semi-closed bracket is arranged, and the inclined strut is connected with the cantilever main beam in a mode of being inserted in the semi-closed bracket through the inclined strut. Because the semi-enclosed bracket is provided with semi-enclosed inserting groove, the other end of the diagonal brace is inserted into the inserting groove and then is abutted against the bottom of the lower flange plate of the overhanging main beam so as to prevent the cantilever main beam from sliding. Thereby the solderless connection of bracing and girder of encorbelmenting has been realized. And then avoided adopting the welding mode to link the bracing with the girder of encorbelmenting the big problem of high altitude welding operation risk that leads to together, finally reduced field operation risk accident incidence to satisfy the requirement of on-the-spot incident, simultaneously with semi-enclosed bracket and girder of encorbelmenting welded fastening in advance at the component processing stage, reduced the site operation process, be favorable to accelerating the on-the-spot installation progress, shorten the time limit for a project.

(2) The plurality of cantilever inclined support structures are arranged, so that the cantilever inclined support system has better structural strength and stability, and can stably support objects on the upper portion of the cantilever inclined support system. While the plurality of cantilevered sprag structures can simultaneously transfer the weight of the upper object to a plurality of locations on the first floor and the second floor. Thereby make first floor and the even atress of second floor, and then improved the bearing capacity of first floor and second floor with changing the ground.

(3) The assembly of the inclined strut and the semi-closed bracket can be completed through the balanced type hanging beam tool. Thereby ensuring that the cantilever inclined support structure or the cantilever inclined support system can normally support the upper object.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in more detail hereinafter based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the cantilever bracing system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of the brace of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of the semi-enclosed corbel of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the balanced type hanging beam tool of the present invention;

fig. 5 shows a perspective view of the connection pipe of fig. 4.

In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.

Reference numerals:

10. a main beam is cantilevered; 20. bracing; 21. a through hole; 30. semi-closed corbel; 31. inserting grooves; 40. a base plate; 50. an anchor ring assembly; 100. a cantilever bracing structure; 200. connecting the beams; 300. a column; 400. a hanging beam; 500. A lift cord; 600. a connecting pipe; 601. a tube body; 602. and a limiting block.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted that, the upper part article in this application refers to a formwork or scaffold for cantilever concrete beam slab structure in building construction. The first direction in this application refers to the width direction of the floor in fig. 1, and the second direction refers to the length direction of the floor in fig. 1.

It should be noted that the cantilevered diagonal bracing structure needs to occupy two adjacent floor plates, where a high floor plate is defined as a first floor plate and a low floor plate is defined as a second floor plate.

It should be noted that, the load of the formwork or scaffold is transmitted to the coupling beam 200 through the vertical rod, the load is dispersedly transmitted to the plurality of overhanging main beams 10 nearby by the coupling beam 200, a part of the load of the overhanging main beams 10 is transmitted to the second floor slab through the inclined strut 20, and a part of the load is transmitted to the floor structure, namely the first floor slab, through the fixing action of the anchor ring component 50, and is jointly stressed by the two floor slab structures. Wherein semi-enclosed bracket 30 restricts the upper end portion sideslip and the tenesmus of bracing 20, and stand 300 restriction support body steel pipe stand sideslip, lifting rope 500 and girder 10 each other do not influence when connecting pipe 600 can realize the hoist and mount of bracing 20.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the utility model provides an oblique bracing structure encorbelments, including girder 10, bracing 20 and the semi-enclosed bracket 30 encorbelments. The cantilever girder 10 is made of I-shaped steel, and according to the stress form of the cantilever structure girder, the upper flange is stressed by tension, and the lower flange is stressed by pressure, and is horizontally paved and fixed on a first floor slab; the inclined strut 20 and the cantilever girder 10 are arranged at a certain included angle, and one end of the inclined strut is fixed on the second floor slab; the semi-closed bracket 30 is fixed at the bottom of the lower flange of the cantilever main beam 10; wherein, the semi-enclosed bracket 30 has an insertion groove 31, and the other end of the inclined strut 20 is inserted into the insertion groove and is abutted against the bottom of the lower flange of the overhanging main beam 10.

In the above arrangement, the semi-closed corbel 30 is arranged to connect the inclined strut 20 and the cantilever girder 10 together in a manner that the inclined strut 20 is inserted into the semi-closed corbel 30. Because the semi-closed bracket 30 is provided with the semi-closed insertion groove 31, the other end of the inclined strut 20 is inserted into the insertion groove and then is abutted against the bottom of the cantilever main beam 10 to prevent the cantilever main beam from sliding. Thereby realizing the solderless connection of the inclined strut 20 and the cantilever girder 10. And then avoided adopting the welding mode to link together bracing 20 and girder 10 of encorbelmenting the big problem of high altitude welding operation risk that leads to, finally reduced field operation risk accident rate to satisfy the requirement of on-the-spot incident. Meanwhile, the semi-closed bracket 30 and the cantilever main beam 10 are welded and fixed in advance in the component processing stage, so that the field construction procedures are reduced, the field installation progress is accelerated, and the construction period is shortened.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the brace 20 is disposed at an angle in the range of 30 ° to 60 ° to the cantilevered main beam 10. Thus, it is ensured that a part of the weight supported by the cantilever brace structure is transferred to the first floor slab through the cantilever main beam 10, and is supported by the first floor slab. Another portion of the weight is transferred to the second floor and is supported by the second floor. Of course, in alternative embodiments not shown in this application, the angle between the diagonal brace 20 and the cantilevered main beam 10 may be set at 90 °. I.e. it may be provided in a T-shaped configuration. The bottom of the T-shaped structure is fixed on the second floor slab, and the top of the T-shaped structure is fixed on the first floor slab.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the cantilever brace structure 100 further includes a backing plate 40, the backing plate 40 is horizontally fixed on the second floor, and an upper surface of the backing plate is fixedly connected to one end of the brace 20.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, in one embodiment, both ends of the sprag 20 are respectively provided with through holes 21.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the aperture of the through-hole 21 proximate the tie plate 40 is smaller than the aperture of the through-hole 21 proximate the cantilevered girder 10.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the cantilevered sprag structure 100 further includes an anchor ring assembly 50, the anchor ring assembly 50 being used to anchor the cantilevered girder 10 to the first floor.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the anchor ring assembly 50 includes an anchor ring and an anchor. Wherein anchor ring part is pre-buried on first floor, and anchor assembly can be with the girder 10 anchor tightly on first floor of encorbelmenting.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the anchor ring is a U-shaped anchor ring, a closed end of the U-shaped anchor ring is pre-buried in the first floor, the cantilever girder 10 is placed in the U-shaped anchor ring, an open end of the U-shaped anchor ring is provided with an anchor plate, and the anchor plate is pressed on the cantilever girder 10 through a fastener to anchor the cantilever girder 10.

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the utility model also provides an inclined strut system of encorbelmenting, it includes a plurality of foretell inclined strut structures 100 of encorbelmenting, and a plurality of inclined strut structures 100 of encorbelmenting set up along the first direction interval.

In the above arrangement, the plurality of cantilever brace structures 100 are provided, so that the cantilever brace system has better structural strength and stability, and can stably support the upper object. While the plurality of cantilever sprag structures 100 can simultaneously transfer the weight of the upper object to a plurality of locations on the first floor and the second floor. Thereby make first floor and the even atress of second floor, and then improved the bearing capacity of first floor and second floor changeably.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the cantilevered bracing system further comprises a coupling beam 200 and a stud 300. Wherein, the coupling beam 200 is arranged on the cantilever main beam 10 of the plurality of cantilever inclined strut structures 100 and fixed with the upper flange of the cantilever main beam; the vertical column 300 is made of short steel bars and is vertically fixed on the coupling beam 200.

In the above arrangement, the coupling beam 200 connects the plurality of cantilever brace structures 100 together to form a whole, which enhances the structural strength and stability of the cantilever brace system, thereby ensuring that the cantilever brace system can stably support the upper articles thereof.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the number of the coupling beams 200 is plural, and the plural coupling beams 200 are arranged at intervals on the plural cantilevered diagonal bracing structures 100 along the second direction.

In the above arrangement, the plurality of coupling beams 200 connect the plurality of cantilever brace structures 100 together to form a whole, which enhances the structural strength and stability of the cantilever brace system, thereby ensuring that the cantilever brace system can stably support the upper object thereof. Of course, in alternative embodiments not shown in the drawings of the present application, the coupling beam 200 may be provided as a single piece.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the number of the pillars 300 is plural, and a plurality of the pillars 300 are arranged on the coupling beam 200 at intervals along the length direction of the coupling beam 200.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the utility model also provides a balanced type hanging beam frock, balanced type hanging beam frock and foretell bracing system of encorbelmenting support the supporting use. The balanced type hanging beam tool comprises a connecting pipe 600, a hanging beam 400 and two lifting ropes 500. Wherein the connection pipe 600 has a first end and a second end; the hanging beam 400 is provided with a first connecting lug and a second connecting lug, the first connecting lug is arranged corresponding to the first end, and the second connecting lug is arranged corresponding to the second end. One of the first connecting lug and the second connecting lug is connected with the first end and the second end, and the other one of the first connecting lug and the second connecting lug is connected with the second end.

In the above arrangement, the assembly of the inclined strut 20 and the semi-enclosed bracket 30 can be completed through the balanced type hanging beam tool. Thereby ensuring that the cantilever inclined support structure or the cantilever inclined support system can normally support the upper object.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the connection pipe 600 includes a pipe body 601 and stoppers 602 disposed at both ends of the pipe body 601.

In the above arrangement, the limiting block 602 has a limiting effect, and prevents the connecting end shaft of the lifting rope 500 and the connecting pipe 600 from moving too much, so that the balanced type lifting beam tool is unbalanced when lifted. Therefore, the balanced type hanging beam tool can be normally lifted, and the cantilever inclined strut structure or the cantilever inclined strut system can be smoothly assembled.

With reference to fig. 1 to 5, a complete embodiment of the present application is set forth below:

the utility model aims to overcome the support system bracing welded high altitude construction difficulty of encorbelmenting greatly, this application provides a support system of encorbelmenting that the security is high, the practicality is strong, easy and simple to handle. It relates to cantilever bracing system and balanced type hanging beam frock.

Specifically, the I-steel diagonal brace comprises a steel backing plate and a perforated I-steel diagonal brace.

Specifically, the steel backing plate is fixed on the second floor slab through expansion bolts, the perforated I-steel diagonal brace is formed by gas cutting to form round holes (through holes 21) in the web plate, the round holes are a lower hole and an upper hole respectively, the lower hole is used for penetrating hemp ropes to assist in mounting and dismounting the diagonal brace, the upper hole is used for penetrating a balance type hanging beam (connecting pipe 600) and is welded and fixed, the lower end of the perforated I-steel diagonal brace is welded with the steel backing plate, and the upper end of the perforated I-steel diagonal brace penetrates into the semi-closed bracket 30 to achieve welding-free fixing. The balanced type hanging beam is formed by welding a circular steel tube and a rectangular steel plate.

Specifically, the cantilever steel platform comprises a U-shaped anchor ring assembly, a cantilever I-shaped steel main beam, an I-shaped steel coupling beam, a short steel bar upright post and a semi-closed bracket.

Specifically, the I-steel girder of encorbelmenting is fixed through the U type anchor ring of pre-buried in the floor, and the I-steel coupling beam welds with the I-steel girder of encorbelmenting. The short steel bar upright posts are welded on the I-shaped steel coupling beam and used for preventing the vertical rods of the scaffold from sideslipping. The semi-closed bracket is formed by welding five steel plates and is welded at the bottom of the lower flange plate of the overhanging I-shaped steel girder and used for fixing the upper end of the I-shaped steel inclined strut.

Specifically, the balanced type hanging beam tool comprises a square through hanging beam for welding the lug plate, a steel wire rope and a shackle.

The inclined strut welding points can be selected according to stress calculation, I-shaped steel with the specification of 18# and above is recommended to be adopted, I-shaped steel with the specification of 18# and above is recommended to be selected for the cantilever I-shaped steel girder, steel plates with the thickness of 12mm and above and the strength not lower than Q235 are recommended to be adopted for the base plate, and M16 and above are recommended to be selected for the expansion bolts.

The bracing structure of encorbelmenting or the bracing system of encorbelmenting in this application has following advantage:

(1) the semi-closed bracket 30 is additionally installed, so that the high-altitude welding of the inclined strut 20 is avoided, and the inclined strut is installed in place in one step by adopting vertical transportation equipment such as a tower crane and the like, so that the risk of high-altitude welding operation is avoided.

(2) The installation of bracing 20 can reduce the cross-sectional dimension of girder 10 of encorbelmenting, light in weight, simple to operate.

(3) The cantilever support system has excellent mechanical performance, small deflection deformation.

(4) The structure is simple, the mounting and dismounting are convenient, and the mounting and dismounting construction method can be suitable for mounting and dismounting construction of a large cantilever support system needing to be additionally provided with the inclined strut 20.

The construction method of the cantilever inclined strut system in the application is explained as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off;

step two: pre-burying a U-shaped anchor ring at a floor slab reinforcement stage;

step three: pouring beam slab concrete;

step four: a semi-closed bracket is welded at the bottom of the overhanging I-beam main beam, stress rechecking check calculation is carried out on a welding seam, the stress stability of the diagonal brace is ensured, the operation difficulty when the diagonal brace is inserted into the bracket is considered, and the clear distance between steel plates at two sides of the bracket is the width of the perforated I-beam diagonal brace added with 40 mm;

step five: after the strength of the concrete reaches 80% or more of the design strength, laying an overhanging I-shaped steel main beam, and screwing and fixing the bolts of the U-shaped anchor ring;

step six: laying a steel base plate on the next floor, and uniformly and fixedly arranging 8 expansion bolts along the peripheral edge of the steel base plate to prevent the steel base plate from sliding;

step seven: gas cutting is adopted to punch holes at the upper end part and the lower end part of the diagonal I-shaped steel web respectively, the aperture of the upper hole is 55mm, and the aperture of the lower hole is 30 mm;

step eight: selecting an A48.3 multiplied by 3.6 steel pipe, cutting a 400mm long steel pipe to manufacture a round steel pipe, cutting 4 pieces of 100 multiplied by 10 rectangular steel plates, perforating two steel plates with the aperture of 55mm, manufacturing the rectangular steel plates, enabling the round steel pipe to pass through an upper hole of the diagonal bracing I-shaped steel and be welded and fixed in the middle, and then respectively welding the rectangular steel plates at certain positions at two ends of the round steel pipe to finish the manufacture of the diagonal bracing member assembly of the perforated I-shaped steel;

step nine: the perforated I-steel inclined strut is lifted to an installation floor through a balanced lifting appliance and hovered, a steel wire rope is threaded through a lower hole, then the upper end of the perforated I-steel inclined strut is penetrated into a semi-closed bracket through a lifting machine to be tightly jacked, and the lower end of the perforated I-steel inclined strut is dragged through manual work or hoist equipment to accurately drop the bottom of the inclined strut on a steel base plate and weld and fix the bottom;

step ten: welding an I-shaped steel coupling beam;

step eleven: welding short steel bar columns;

step twelve: paving a wood purlin and a template on the coupling beam for comprehensive horizontal hard sealing so as to prevent falling objects from hurting people during the construction of the template support frame;

step thirteen: and (5) erecting a formwork support or a scaffold on the steel platform.

Fourteen steps: a dense mesh safety net is fully hung on the outer vertical surface of the formwork support or the scaffold, so that the full-closed effect is achieved.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a bracing structure of encorbelmenting which characterized in that includes:

the cantilever girder is fixed on the first floor slab;

the inclined strut and the cantilever main beam form a certain included angle, and one end of the inclined strut is fixed on a second floor slab positioned below the first floor slab;

the semi-closed bracket is fixed on the cantilever main beam;

the semi-closed bracket is provided with an insertion groove, the other end of the inclined strut is inserted into the insertion groove and abutted against the bottom of the cantilever main beam, and meanwhile the semi-closed bracket is provided with a side plate which is used for preventing the inclined strut from sliding on the cantilever main beam.

2. The cantilever brace structure of claim 1, further comprising a backing plate fixed to the second floor slab, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the one end of the brace.

3. The cantilever brace structure of claim 2, wherein the two ends of the brace are respectively provided with a through hole.

4. The cantilevered brace structure of claim 1, further comprising an anchor ring assembly for anchoring the cantilevered girder to the first floor.

5. An cantilevered sprag system comprising a plurality of the cantilevered sprag structures of any one of claims 1 to 4, the plurality of cantilevered sprag structures being spaced apart along a first direction.

6. The cantilevered brace system of claim 5, further comprising:

the coupling beam is arranged on the cantilever main beams of the cantilever inclined strut structures;

and the upright post is arranged on the coupling beam.

7. The cantilevered brace system of claim 6, wherein the number of the coupling beams is plural, and the plural coupling beams are arranged on the plural cantilevered brace structures at intervals along the second direction.

8. The cantilever brace system of claim 6, wherein the number of the upright posts is multiple, and the upright posts are arranged on the coupling beam at intervals along the length direction of the coupling beam.

9. A balanced type hanging beam tool, characterized in that the balanced type hanging beam tool is used in cooperation with the cantilever inclined strut system of any one of claims 5 to 8, and the balanced type hanging beam tool comprises:

a connecting tube having a first end and a second end;

the lifting beam is provided with a first connecting lug and a second connecting lug, the first connecting lug is arranged corresponding to the first end, and the second connecting lug is arranged corresponding to the second end;

and one of the two lifting ropes is connected with the first end and the first connecting lug, and the other lifting rope is connected with the second connecting lug and the second end.

10. The balanced type hanging beam tool according to claim 9, wherein the connecting pipe comprises a pipe body and limiting blocks arranged at two ends of the pipe body.

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