CN217304716U - Calibration device in standard penetration test room considering clay anisotropy - Google Patents
Calibration device in standard penetration test room considering clay anisotropy Download PDFInfo
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- CN217304716U CN217304716U CN202220087136.0U CN202220087136U CN217304716U CN 217304716 U CN217304716 U CN 217304716U CN 202220087136 U CN202220087136 U CN 202220087136U CN 217304716 U CN217304716 U CN 217304716U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a calibration device and a clay strength calibration method in a standard penetration test chamber considering clay anisotropy, which can keep the clay to perform a standard penetration test in a native anisotropy state through a detachable standard penetration test hole at the center of a loading steel plate; the laser displacement sensor is arranged in the standard penetration device, so that the penetration depth can be read in real time during testing, and the test is convenient to control; the stay wire type displacement sensor is bound to the steel cable, so that the lifting height of the punching hammer can be accurately controlled; by combining the penetration depth data of the laser displacement sensor and the wave crest data of the acceleration sensor, the times of wave crest appearance between different penetration depth intervals can be directly read after the test, and the phenomenon that errors may occur in manual recording during the test is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field relevant with ocean new forms of energy engineering reconnaissance, especially, relate to a take into account anisotropic standard of clay to penetrate calibration device in laboratory.
Background
With the proposal of the ocean forcing and carbon neutralization strategies in China, new offshore energy becomes a hot spot in current development, especially in offshore wind farm engineering projects. Clays are widely distributed in coastal areas such as long triangles, bead triangles and the like in China, the strength evaluation of the clay directly influences the foundation cost, the foundation design and the safe operation of the fan, and the traditional drilling sampling-indoor test mode has large disturbance on soil samples and cannot reflect the strength of the clay in situ.
The in-situ test technology has less disturbance to the soil body, and the high-precision in-situ test on site can effectively obtain the soil body parameters. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a commonly used in-situ testing technique, and can be applied to clay strength estimation. The standard penetration test is to drive a penetrating device with a standard size into soil in a hammering mode, and after the penetrating device is pre-driven for 15cm, the hammering number N of the penetrating device penetrating for 30cm is recorded to represent the penetration characteristic of the clay. Converting the hammering number N into the shear strength s of clay by adopting an interpretation formula u 。
The clay in situ being in an anisotropic state, i.e. vertical stress sigma v0 ' with horizontal stress σ h0 ' different, its shear strength s u The original anisotropy exists, and the shear strength s of the clay at present u The interpretation method of the standard penetration test does not consider the primary anisotropy of the clay, and the interpretation parameter range of the intensity of different soils is not clear.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to prior art not enough, aim at providing one kind and consider anisotropic standard of clay and penetrate calibration device in laboratory.
For this reason, the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a take into account anisotropic standard of clay and penetrate calibration device in laboratory which characterized in that: the calibration device in the standard penetration test room considering the anisotropy of the clay comprises a model groove, a penetration device and a data acquisition unit,
the mold type groove is characterized in that a gravel drainage layer, clay and a loading steel plate positioned at the top of the clay are sequentially arranged in the mold type groove from bottom to top, a detachable standard injection test hole is formed in the loading steel plate to form a standard injection device of an injection device, a fixed load mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the loading steel plate and is used for forming fixed load pressure on the loading steel plate, a drain valve is arranged on the outer side wall of the mold type groove and is communicated with the gravel drainage layer;
the calibration device in the standard penetration test room considering the anisotropy of the clay further comprises a supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the penetration device left and right so as to facilitate the penetration of a standard penetration device of the penetration device into the clay;
the penetration device comprises a standard penetration device, a feeler lever, a hammer pad, a piercing hammer, a piercing lever, a pulley and a steel cable, wherein the feeler lever is fixed at the top of the standard penetration device, the hammer pad is arranged at the top of the feeler lever, the piercing lever is positioned above the hammer pad, the piercing hammer penetrates through the piercing lever, two ends of the piercing hammer are hung on the pulley through the steel cable, the steel cable is connected to a motion motor, and the motion motor is used for lifting or freely dropping the piercing hammer;
an acceleration sensor is arranged between the standard penetrometer or the probe rod or between the standard penetrometer and the probe rod and is in signal connection with the data acquisition unit;
and a laser displacement sensor is arranged between the standard injector or the probe rod or between the standard injector and the probe rod, and is used for detecting the injection depth of the standard injector, and the laser displacement sensor is in signal connection with the data collector.
When adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model discloses can also adopt or make up and adopt following technical scheme:
as the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme: the loading steel plate is provided with a water outlet.
As the utility model discloses an preferred technical scheme: the fixed load mechanism is a piece type loading block, and the number of the piece type loading blocks is at least one.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme: bottom geotechnological cloth is laid between gravel drainage blanket and the clay.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme: and top geotextile is laid between the clay and the loading steel plate.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme: the supporting mechanism is a steel frame, the steel frame is fixed on the mold groove, and a steel frame circular hole is formed in the top of the steel frame to penetrate through a standard penetration device of the penetration device.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme: the core penetrating rod is coaxial with the probe rod.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme: and the pull-wire type displacement sensor is arranged on the steel cable between the pulley and the motion motor, is bound on the steel cable through a pull-wire type displacement sensor binding head, and is in signal connection with the data acquisition unit.
As the utility model discloses an preferred technical scheme: the motion motor and the data collector are in signal connection with the electronic control end, and the electronic control end is used for controlling the motion of the motion motor and controlling the data collector to collect detection signals of the sensor.
As the utility model discloses a preferred technical scheme: the standard penetrometer comprises an upper penetrometer, a lower penetrometer and a penetrometer boot which are sequentially fixed from top to bottom, wherein the lower penetrometer and the penetrometer boot are provided with a through cavity, and a laser displacement sensor facing the direction of the cavity of the penetrometer boot is arranged in the cavity of the lower penetrometer.
The utility model provides a take into account anisotropic standard of clay and penetrate calibration device in laboratory has following beneficial effect:
1) the gravel drainage layer at the bottom of the model tank and the bottom geotextile are connected with the side drainage valve to realize bottom drainage; through the wash port that loading steel sheet evenly distributed to and the geotechnological cloth of loading steel sheet below, can realize the top drainage, two-sided drainage greatly reduced the consolidation time of clay, the festival has greatly improved test efficiency.
2) The disassembly standard injection test hole is formed in the center of the loading steel plate, after the clay is solidified, the disassembly standard injection test hole can be disassembled during a standard injection test, the loading stress of the clay can be guaranteed to be unchanged, the clay is kept in a primary anisotropic state at the same time, the standard injection test is carried out, and the anisotropy of the clay can be considered in the obtained standard injection test result.
3) The department has the steelframe circular port at steelframe center, and its aperture ratio is penetrated the ware aperture under and is slightly bigger, can guarantee down that the ware that penetrates just places in the steelframe circular port, the straightness that hangs down of penetrating the ware when guaranteeing to test, steelframe circular port has paintd the silicone grease simultaneously, can greatly reduce the frictional force of steelframe circular port and penetrating the ware, guarantees experimental smooth implementation.
4) The laser displacement sensor is connected to the data acquisition unit and feeds back to the electronic control end in real time, so that the standard penetration test can be accurately controlled to be stopped when the penetration degree is 45 cm.
5) And the binding head of the stay wire type displacement sensor is bound on the steel cable and connected to the data acquisition unit, the steel cable is connected with the punching hammer, and the binding head is fed back to the electronic control end in real time through the data sensor during the test, so that the free fall of the punching hammer with the hoisting height of 76cm can be accurately controlled.
6) The electronic control end acquires the wave crest occurrence frequency of the acceleration sensor through the data acquisition unit, acquires the penetration depth corresponding to the laser displacement sensor, can directly read the wave crest occurrence frequency between different penetration depths after the test, and avoids the phenomenon that errors may occur in manual recording during the test.
In conclusion, the utility model has simple structure and reasonable design, and realizes the drainage and consolidation of clay on both sides by uniformly distributing the drain holes and the top geotextile on the loading steel plate, thereby greatly improving the test efficiency; the standard penetration test can be carried out under the condition of keeping the primary anisotropy of the clay through the detachable standard penetration test hole at the center of the loading steel plate; the steel frame center is provided with a steel frame circular hole, the aperture of the steel frame circular hole is slightly larger than that of the lower penetration device, the lower penetration device can be guaranteed to be just placed in the steel frame circular hole, the perpendicularity of the penetration device during testing is guaranteed, meanwhile, the side wall of the steel frame circular hole is coated with silicone grease, the friction force between the steel frame circular hole and the lower penetration device can be greatly reduced, and the smooth implementation of the test is guaranteed; the laser displacement sensor is arranged in the standard penetration device, so that the penetration depth can be read in real time during testing, and the test is convenient to control; the stay wire type displacement sensor is bound to the steel cable, so that the lifting height of the punching hammer can be accurately controlled; by combining the penetration depth data of the laser displacement sensor and the wave crest data of the acceleration sensor, the times of wave crest appearance between different penetration depth intervals can be directly read after the test, and the phenomenon that errors may occur in manual recording during the test is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevational view and a sectional view of a model groove of a calibration device in a standard penetration test chamber considering clay anisotropy provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevational, cross-sectional view of a penetration device;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the test apparatus at the beginning of penetration of the SPT;
in the figure: 1-a mould groove; 2-gravel drainage layer; 3-bottom geotextile; 4-a drain valve; 5-clay; 6-top geotextile; 7-loading a steel plate; 8-water outlet; 9-detachable standard penetration test holes; 10-a loading block; 11-steel frame; 12-steel frame circular hole; 13-a penetration boot; 14-a lower penetrating device; 15-laser displacement sensor; 16-laser displacement sensor data line; 17-sensor outlet hole; 18-a vent hole; 19-an upper penetrating device; 20-a probe rod; 21-an acceleration sensor; 22-acceleration sensor data line; 23-a hammer pad; 24-a punch hammer; 25-a piercing mandrel; 26-a steel cord; 27-a pulley; 28-stay wire type displacement sensor; 29-stay wire type displacement sensor binding head; 30-stay wire type displacement sensor data line; 31-a motion motor; 32-a data collector; 33-electronic control terminal.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the calibration device in the SPT laboratory considering clay anisotropy, the device comprises a mould groove 1, a gravel drainage layer 2, bottom geotextile 3, a drain valve 4, clay 5, top geotextile 6, a loading steel plate 7, a drain outlet 8, a detachable standard penetration test hole 9, a loading block 10, a steel frame 11, a steel frame circular hole 12, a penetration device boot 13, a lower penetration device 14, a laser displacement sensor 15, a laser displacement sensor data line 16, a sensor wire outlet hole 17, an air vent 18, an upper penetration device 19, a probe rod 20, an acceleration sensor 21, an acceleration sensor data line 22, a hammer pad 23, a penetrating hammer 24, a penetrating rod 25, a steel cable 26, a pulley 27, a stay-supported displacement sensor 28, a stay-supported displacement sensor binding head 29, a stay-supported displacement sensor data line 30, a motion motor 31, a data collector 32 and an electronic control end 33.
The model groove 1 is horizontally placed in the test area, the model groove 1 is a cuboid, and the steel frame 11 is welded on the model groove 1; a sand gravel drainage layer 2 and a bottom geotextile 3 are laid at the bottom of the mold groove 1, and a drain valve 4 is arranged on the side surface of the sand gravel drainage layer; the clay 5 is positioned on the bottom geotextile 3, and the top geotextile 6 and the loading steel plate 7 are covered on the clay 5; the loading steel plate 7 is provided with a water outlet 8 and a detachable standard penetration test hole 9; the loading block 10 is positioned above the loading steel plate 7; the steel frame 11 is provided with a steel frame circular hole 12; the penetration boot 13 and the lower penetration 14 are fastened by screw threads; the lower injector 14 is fastened to the upper injector 19 by a screw; the laser displacement sensor 15 is positioned in the cavity of the lower injector 14 and is fastened to the upper injector 19 through threads; the displacement sensor data line 16 is connected to the data acquisition unit 32 through a sensor wire outlet 17 on the upper penetration piece 19; the upper penetration device 19 is provided with a vent hole 18; the probe rod 20 is fastened to the upper injector 19 by a screw; the penetration boot 13, the lower penetration 14 and the upper penetration 19 form a standard penetration; the acceleration sensor 21 is fastened on the probe rod 20 through threads, and an acceleration sensor data line 22 of the acceleration sensor 21 is connected to the data acquisition unit 32; the hammer pad 23 is arranged on the acceleration sensor 22 through threads and is connected with the core-through rod 25; the punching hammer 24 is arranged on the punching rod 25, and the steel cable 26 is connected with the punching hammer 24 and is connected with the motion motor 31; the steel cable 26 is hung on the pulley 27; the stay wire type displacement sensor 28 is anchored on the base of the motion motor 31 and is bound on the steel cable 26 through a stay wire type displacement sensor binding head 29; the stay wire type displacement sensor data wire 30 is connected to the data acquisition unit 32; the electronic control terminal 33 is connected to the data collector 32 and the movement motor 31.
The bottom of the model groove is provided with a gravel drainage layer, bottom geotextile is laid, the gravel drainage layer is connected with a drainage valve on the side face of the model groove, the loading steel plate is uniformly provided with drainage holes, the bottom surface of the loading steel plate is provided with top geotextile, the bottom surface and the top surface of the whole model groove can be drained simultaneously, the clay sample consolidation time is greatly reduced, and the test efficiency is greatly improved.
The center of the loading steel plate is provided with a detachable standard penetration test hole, after clay consolidation is completed, the clay is detached before a standard penetration test is carried out, the loading stress of the clay can be guaranteed to be unchanged, and meanwhile the clay is kept in a primary anisotropy state to carry out the standard penetration test.
The steelframe center department has the steelframe circular port, and its aperture ratio penetrates ware aperture slightly under, can guarantee to penetrate the ware under and just place in the steelframe circular port, the straightness that hangs down that penetrates the ware when guaranteeing to test.
The laser displacement sensor is connected to the data acquisition unit and feeds back to the electronic control end in real time, so that the standard penetration test can be accurately controlled to be stopped at the penetration of 45 cm.
The stay wire type displacement sensor binding head is bound on the steel cable and connected to the data acquisition unit, the steel cable is connected with the punching hammer, and the steel cable is fed back to the electronic control end in real time through the data sensor during testing, so that the punching hammer can be accurately controlled to freely fall when the hoisting height is 76 cm.
Referring to fig. 3, specifically, the calibration apparatus in the SPT with consideration of clay anisotropy performs clay strength calibration by using the following method, including the following steps:
s1, preparing clay samples required by the test:
s101, paving a sand gravel drainage layer 2 and a bottom geotextile 3 in a model groove 1, and smearing silicone grease on the side wall of the model groove 1;
s102, mixing clay powder and water according to a ratio of 1:1, stirring for 6 hours, pouring the stirred clay slurry into a mold groove 1, and opening a drain valve 4;
s103, after the clay slurry is kept stand for three days, laying top geotextile 6, lifting and placing a loading plate 7, placing loading blocks 10 in a grading manner to a given load value until the daily settlement value of the soil body is less than 1mm, and determining that the clay is completely solidified.
S2, indoor standard penetration test:
s201, fastening a steel frame 11 on a mold groove 1 by using bolts, vertically placing a standard penetration test device into a steel frame circular hole 12, and coating silicone grease on the side wall of the steel frame circular hole 12;
s202, removing the detachable standard penetration test hole 9 on the loading steel plate 7, opening the data acquisition unit 32, and zeroing the laser displacement sensor 15, the acceleration sensor 21 and the stay wire type displacement sensor 28;
s203, turning on the movement motor 31 through the electronic control end 32, displaying that the wire-drawing type displacement sensor 28 of the piercing hammer 24 is lifted to 76cm, namely, the height of the piercing hammer is lifted to 76cm, turning off the movement motor 31 through the electronic control end 32, enabling the piercing hammer 24 to freely fall down, hammering the hammer mat 23, penetrating the penetrating device boot 13 into the clay 5, and displaying the penetration depth through the laser displacement sensor 15;
s204, repeating the step S202 to the step S203 until the laser displacement sensor 15 displays that the accumulated penetration depth is 45cm, and stopping the test;
s205, recording the number of wave crests generated by the acceleration sensor 21, and recording the number of wave crests generated when the numerical value of the laser displacement sensor 15 is from 15cm to 45cm as N, namely a standard penetration test result N;
s3, repeating the steps S1 to S2, and performing a plurality of groups of tests under different load values of the loading block 10 to obtain sigma under different vertical pressures (vertical effective stresses) v1 '、σ v2 '、σ v3 ', … … test result N 1 、N 2 、N 3 、……；
S4, fitting and dividing the test resultsAnalyzing to obtain the standard penetration number N and the vertical effective stress sigma v0 ' the fitting equation is as follows:
σ v0 ′＝β·N
wherein σ v0 ' is the vertical effective stress of the clay, N is the standard penetration number, and beta is the fitting parameter.
Anisotropy-considered clay non-drainage shear strength s u The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
in the formula:
wherein s is u Is the non-drainage shear strength, sigma, of clay v0 ' is the in-situ vertical effective stress of the clay, and b is a comprehensive strength parameter considering the anisotropy effect of the clay;
the effective internal friction angle of the clay can be obtained through an indoor triaxial consolidation non-drainage shear test; k 0 Is the coefficient of the clay static soil pressure; eta 0 The in-situ initial stress ratio of the clay is obtained; m is critical state stress ratio; lambda is a clay physical parameter and can be obtained through an indoor one-dimensional compression test, and is generally about 0.8; alpha is alpha 0 Is an anisotropy parameter;
finally, an interpretation formula of the soft clay non-drainage shear strength considering the primary anisotropy can be obtained:
s u ＝b·β·N
through the formula and the parameter beta obtained by calibration, the calculation of the non-drainage shear strength of the clay in the anisotropic stress state in situ through the standard penetration test result can be realized.
The above detailed description is provided for explaining the present invention, and is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but not for limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made by the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a take into account anisotropic standard of clay and penetrate calibration device in laboratory which characterized in that: the calibration device in the standard penetration test room considering the anisotropy of the clay comprises a model groove, a penetration device and a data acquisition unit,
the mold type groove is characterized in that a gravel drainage layer, clay and a loading steel plate positioned at the top of the clay are sequentially arranged in the mold type groove from bottom to top, a detachable standard injection test hole is formed in the loading steel plate to form a standard injection device of an injection device, a fixed load mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the loading steel plate and is used for forming fixed load pressure on the loading steel plate, a drain valve is arranged on the outer side wall of the mold type groove and is communicated with the gravel drainage layer;
the calibration device in the standard penetration test room considering the anisotropy of the clay further comprises a supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the penetration device left and right so as to facilitate the penetration of a standard penetration device of the penetration device into the clay;
the penetration device comprises a standard penetration device, a probe rod, a hammer pad, a core penetrating hammer, a core penetrating rod, a pulley and a steel cable, wherein the probe rod is fixed to the top of the standard penetration device, the hammer pad is arranged on the top of the probe rod, the core penetrating rod is positioned above the hammer pad, the core penetrating hammer penetrates through the core penetrating rod, two ends of the core penetrating hammer are hung on the pulley through the steel cable, the steel cable is connected to a motion motor, and the motion motor is used for lifting or freely falling the core penetrating hammer;
an acceleration sensor is arranged between the standard penetrometer or the probe rod or between the standard penetrometer and the probe rod and is in signal connection with the data acquisition unit;
and a laser displacement sensor is arranged between the standard injector or the probe rod or between the standard injector and the probe rod, and is used for detecting the injection depth of the standard injector, and the laser displacement sensor is in signal connection with the data collector.
2. The calibration device in the SPT laboratory considering clay anisotropy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the loading steel plate is provided with a water outlet.
3. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed load mechanism is a piece type loading block, and the number of the piece type loading blocks is at least one.
4. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: bottom geotechnological cloth is laid between gravel drainage blanket and the clay.
5. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: and top geotextile is laid between the clay and the loading steel plate.
6. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting mechanism is a steel frame which is fixed on the mould groove, and a circular hole of the steel frame is formed in the top of the steel frame so as to penetrate through a standard penetration device of the penetration device.
7. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: the core penetrating rod is coaxial with the probe rod.
8. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: and the pull-wire type displacement sensor is arranged on the steel cable between the pulley and the motion motor, is bound on the steel cable through a pull-wire type displacement sensor binding head, and is in signal connection with the data acquisition unit.
9. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: the motion motor and the data collector are in signal connection with the electronic control end, and the electronic control end is used for controlling the motion of the motion motor and controlling the data collector to collect detection signals of the sensor.
10. The device for calibrating standard penetration test chamber in consideration of clay anisotropy according to claim 1, wherein: the standard penetrometer comprises an upper penetrometer, a lower penetrometer and a penetrometer boot which are sequentially fixed from top to bottom, wherein the lower penetrometer and the penetrometer boot are provided with a through cavity, and a laser displacement sensor facing the direction of the cavity of the penetrometer boot is arranged in the cavity of the lower penetrometer.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114486573A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-13 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Calibration device and method in standard penetration test room considering clay anisotropy |
| CN114486573B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-07-09 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Standard penetration laboratory calibration device and method considering clay anisotropy |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114486573A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-13 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Calibration device and method in standard penetration test room considering clay anisotropy |
| CN114486573B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-07-09 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Standard penetration laboratory calibration device and method considering clay anisotropy |
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