CN216381401U - Equipment for preventing tunnel from being dug excessively - Google Patents
Equipment for preventing tunnel from being dug excessively Download PDFInfo
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- CN216381401U CN216381401U CN202123008164.3U CN202123008164U CN216381401U CN 216381401 U CN216381401 U CN 216381401U CN 202123008164 U CN202123008164 U CN 202123008164U CN 216381401 U CN216381401 U CN 216381401U
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Abstract
The equipment for preventing the tunnel from being overedged comprises an impact device, a steering device, a fixing device and a steel chisel. The impact device can provide impact force, and the steering device can drive the fixing device to rotate. The fixing device consists of a middle shaft, an inclined strut and an installation part; the front surface of the mounting part is provided with a row of notches for mounting a plurality of steel rods, and the front surface of the mounting part is provided with water spray holes for spraying water. The cross section of the end part of the steel rod is a rhombus with one flat direction and the other sharp direction, the direction of the diamond tip of one row of steel rods is parallel to the longitudinal axis direction of the installation part during installation, and the surrounding rock is impacted by one row of steel rods to form cracks. The application steps are as follows: (1) and determining the spacing and the number of the steel rods. (2) And calculating the point position coordinates of the steel chisel and the inclination angle of the installation part during each excavation. (3) The equipment is installed at the first excavation site. (4) And (5) cutting cracks. (5) And (5) cutting the next section of crack until the requirement of blasting construction is met.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an overexcavation control technology when a tunnel is constructed by drilling and blasting.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy of China, the scale of various engineering constructions is increasingly enlarged. The construction of railways, highways, and urban rail traffic involves many tunnels and underground works. The drilling and blasting method is still the main mode of tunnel construction excavation in China at present, and compared with mechanical excavation, the method is wide in applicable geological conditions, low in cost and relatively simple in equipment. The tunnel blasting excavation is to achieve the purpose that the excavation outline is smooth and flat, and more importantly, the phenomenon of large over-under excavation, especially the phenomenon of large over-excavation, is not generated during the excavation as much as possible. Severe overbreak can cause the following problems: (1) when the excavation outline is greatly different from the design, the stress redistribution of the surrounding rock is greatly different, so that the stress state of the support is not consistent with the design. Particularly, stress concentration exists at the concave angle formed by overexcavation, and the rock mass is easy to damage; (2) the over-excavated part needs to be refilled, so that more filling materials need to be applied, the construction cost is increased, the mechanical property of the filled part is difficult to ensure, and the overall quality of the tunnel is influenced. Control of the tunnel profile during tunnel excavation is therefore of particular importance.
At present, smooth blasting is mainly adopted for controlling the contour shape of the tunnel. The smooth blasting with parameters designed according to a conventional method has the problems of simplicity of equipment, improper selection of models and specifications, poor detonation time difference, drilling precision and the like, so that an ideal blasting effect is generally difficult to obtain, the profile of a tunnel after blasting is irregular, the overbreak amount is large, and the tunnel surrounding rock is seriously damaged. Particularly, when the lithology of the rock at the excavation part at the edge of the tunnel is relatively complex and rocks with different strength grades are mutually staggered, the over-excavation phenomenon is relatively serious. Therefore, the equipment and the implementation method which can effectively control the tunnel excavation contour line and prevent the tunnel overexcavation are urgently needed at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide equipment for preventing a tunnel from being overetched.
The utility model relates to equipment for preventing tunnel overexcavation, which comprises an impact device 1, a steering device 2, a fixing device 3 and a steel chisel 4, wherein one end of the impact device 1 is connected with a power arm 5 of a rock drill, and the other end of the impact device 1 is connected with the steering device 2; one end of the steering device 2 is connected with the impact device 1, and the other end is connected with the fixing device 3; the fixing device 3 consists of a middle shaft 6, an inclined strut 7 and a mounting part 8, wherein the front surface 9 of the mounting part 8 is provided with a row of groove openings 10 capable of mounting the steel chisel 4, the side surface 11 of the mounting part 8 is provided with a row of open holes 12, and a screw 13 is inserted through the open holes 12 to fix the steel chisel 4.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the design contour line of the tunnel can be excavated on the rock wall in advance, and the problem of overexcavation in tunnel drilling and blasting construction can be effectively controlled. Because the cracks cut by the device are longitudinally distributed along the fixing device, the wall surface of the tunnel can be smooth, no crack is generated outside the contour, the strength of surrounding rocks is not damaged, and the contour quality and the stability of the tunnel are improved. The device can accelerate the tunneling speed of the tunnel, reduce the construction cost and ensure the construction safety and the construction quality. The device has the advantages of simple structural form, strong practicability, no environmental pollution, remarkable economic benefit and good application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a control apparatus, FIG. 2 is a side view of the control apparatus, FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of an impact device, FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of the impact device, FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a drill rod, FIG. 6 is a side view of the drill rod, and FIG. 7 is a side view of the drill rod
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In a cross-sectional view, FIG. 8 is
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In a cross-sectional view, fig. 9 is a front surface view of the mounting portion, fig. 10 is a view showing a groove and a pin arrangement, fig. 11 is a view showing a pin pitch arrangement, and fig. 12 is a view showing a tunnel overexcavation control hole.
Detailed Description
The utility model relates to equipment for preventing tunnel overexcavation, which comprises an impact device 1, a steering device 2, a fixing device 3 and a steel chisel 4, wherein one end of the impact device 1 is connected with a power arm 5 of a rock drill, and the other end of the impact device 1 is connected with the steering device 2; one end of the steering device 2 is connected with the impact device 1, and the other end is connected with the fixing device 3; the fixing device 3 consists of a middle shaft 6, an inclined strut 7 and a mounting part 8, wherein the front surface 9 of the mounting part 8 is provided with a row of groove openings 10 capable of mounting the steel chisel 4, the side surface 11 of the mounting part 8 is provided with a row of open holes 12, and a screw 13 is inserted through the open holes 12 to fix the steel chisel 4.
In the above-mentioned apparatus, the cross section of the shank 14 of the drill steel 4 is circular, the end 15 is pointed, the cross section of the end 15 is rhombic with one flat direction and the other pointed direction; the shank 14 of the drill rod 4 has a fixing hole 16, the fixing hole 16 is axially perpendicular to the direction of the relatively sharp diamond of the end 15, and the screw 13 passes through the fixing hole 16 to fix the drill rod 4 and the mounting portion 8 together.
In the above-described apparatus, the front surface 9 of the mounting portion 8 of the fixing device 3 is provided with the water spray hole 17; first diameter of notch 10 on front surface 9d 1Is smaller than the second diameter of the shank 14 of the drill steel 4d 21-2 mm in size; distance between notchesr 1Notch of taking out first diameterd 11.5 to 2.0 times of the total weight of the composition.
In the above-described apparatus, the direction in which the diamond shape of the end portion 15 of the drill steel 4 is pointed is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal axis direction of the mounting portion 8 of the fixing device 3, the drill steel 4 having the longest length is arranged in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the mounting portion 8 of the fixing device 3, and then the shorter drill steel 4 is symmetrically arranged on both sides in sequence.
The above-mentioned apparatus, the spacing between the steel pins 4r ijSet as follows:
r ij=α 1 α 2(r i+r j)
in the formula:α 1-a surrounding rock grade influence coefficient, wherein the surrounding rock grade is 1.0 when I grade, 0.6 when VI grade, and other grades are interpolated according to a straight line;
α 2-the influence coefficient of the depth of the steel drill into the rock stratum is equal to the ratio of the depth of the steel drill to the depth of the primary blasting construction, and the depth of the steel drill cannot be less than 0.8 time of the depth of the primary blasting construction;
r i-drill steeliThe length of the crack 18 generated on one side of the drill steel by impacting the surrounding rock;
r j-drill steeliThe length of crack 18 on one side of the drill steel that is created when the adjacent drill steel j impacts the surrounding rock.
The using method of the utility model comprises the following steps:
step (1) determining the proper distance between the steel rods 4 according to the grade and the characteristics of the surrounding rockr ijAnd drill rod rootMounting the drill steel 4 on the mounting part 8 of the fixing device 3, and then mounting the whole device on the power arm 5 of the rock drilling machine;
step (2) calculating the point position coordinate of the middle steel rod 4 and the included angle between the longitudinal axis direction of the mounting part 8 of the fixing device 3 and the horizontal plane during each excavation according to the tunnel excavation contour lineβAngle of inclinationβThe value of (1) is 0-90 degrees;
determining the position of a first excavation point, and enabling an included angle between an excavation crack and a horizontal plane to meet design requirements by adjusting a power arm 5 of the rock drill and a steering device on a control device;
step (4) starting the impact device 1 to enable the drill rod 4 to start to cut cracks on the rock wall; simultaneously, the water spraying holes 17 start to spray water;
and (5) after the through crack of the first excavation point is formed, moving the control equipment to the next excavation point to excavate the crack until the excavated crack on the tunnel contour line meets the requirement of blasting construction.
The utility model is further developed in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in figures 1 and 2, the equipment for preventing the tunnel from being overetched mainly comprises an impact device 1, a steering device 2, a fixing device 3 and a steel chisel 4. One end of the percussion device 1 is connected to the power arm 5 of the rock drilling machine and the other end of the percussion device 1 is connected to the steering device 2. The impact device 1 can provide impact force to drive the steel drill 4 into the rock stratum so as to crack the rock stratum.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the steering device 2 is connected to the impact device 1 at one end and to the fixing device 3 at the other end. The steering device 2 can be rotated by wireless operation to drive the fixing device 3 to rotate together.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the fixing device 3 comprises a central shaft 6, an inclined strut 7 and a mounting part 8, wherein a row of notches 10 are formed in the front surface 9 of the mounting part 8 for mounting the drill rod 4, a row of holes 12 are formed in the side surface 11 of the mounting part 8, and a screw 13 penetrates through the holes 12 to fix the drill rod 4, so that the drill rod 4 cannot fall out of the notches 10.
As shown in fig. 5 to 8, the cross section of the rod part 14 of the drill steel 4 is circular, the end part 15 is in a sharp shape, and the cross section of the end part 15 is in a diamond shape with one flat direction and the other sharp direction, so that the surrounding rock is cracked along the sharp direction of the diamond under the impact of the drill steel 4. The shank 14 of the drill steel 4 has a fixing hole 16, the fixing hole 16 is axially perpendicular to the direction of the diamond tip of the drill steel end 15, and the bolt 13 passes through the fixing hole 16 to fix the drill steel 4 and the mounting portion 8 together.
As shown in fig. 4 to 9, the front surface 9 of the mounting portion 8 of the fixing device 3 is provided with water spraying holes 17, and the water spraying holes 17 can spray high-pressure water, so as to effectively prevent dust, and cool the drill rod 4, thereby ensuring smooth operation of crack cutting.
As shown in FIG. 10, the notch 10 on the front surface 9 of the mounting portion 8 of the fixture 3 has a diameterd 1Is larger than the diameter of the shank 14 of the drill steel 4d 2The size of the steel chisel is 1-2 mm, so that the steel chisel 4 can be smoothly inserted into the notch 10, and an overlarge gap is not left between the steel chisel 4 and the notch 10. Distance between notchesr 1Diameter of the notchd 11.5 to 2.0 times of the total weight of the composition.
As shown in FIG. 1, when the drill steel 4 is installed on the notch 10, the direction of the relatively sharp diamond shape of the end 15 of the drill steel 4 is parallel to the longitudinal axis direction of the installation part 8 of the fixing device 3, the drill steel 4 having the longest length is installed at the middle part of the installation part 8 of the fixing device 3 in the longitudinal direction, and then the relatively short drill steel 4 is symmetrically installed at both sides in sequence so that the drill steel 4 can be smoothly driven into the rock.
Spacing between the steel pins 4r ijCan be set as follows:
r ij=α 1 α 2(r i+r j)
in the formula:α 1-a surrounding rock class impact coefficient of a surrounding rock class of
Grade 1.0, surrounding rock grade
Grade 0.6, othersInterpolation value is carried out according to straight lines;
α 2-the influence coefficient of the depth of the steel drill into the rock stratum is equal to the ratio of the depth of the steel drill to the depth of the primary blasting construction, and the depth of the steel drill cannot be less than 0.8 time of the depth of the primary blasting construction;
r i-drill steeliThe length of the crack 18 generated on one side of the drill steel by impacting the surrounding rock;
r j-drill steeliAdjacent steel chiseljThe length of crack 18 on the drill steel side that impacts the surrounding rock.
If the distance of the notch 10 is determined as shown in FIG. 11r 1The distance between the steel rods cannot be accurately setr ijThen, the proper notches 10 for the installation of the drill steel 4 can be found by appropriately shortening the distance between the drill steel 4.
The using method comprises the following steps:
step (1) determining proper 4-distance steel chisel according to surrounding rock grade and characteristicsr ijAnd the number of steel drill rods, the steel drill rods 4 are arranged on the installation part 8 of the fixing device 3, and then the whole device is arranged on a power arm 5 of the rock drill;
step (2): as shown in fig. 12, the broken line is used instead of the excavation contour line according to the excavation contour line of the tunnel and the length of the crack which can be excavated by each impact of the device. Calculating the point coordinate of the middle steel chisel 4 and the included angle between the longitudinal axis direction of the mounting part 8 of the fixing device 3 and the horizontal plane during each cuttingβAngle of inclinationβThe value of (1) is 0-90 degrees;
determining the position of a first excavation point, and enabling an included angle between an excavation crack and a horizontal plane to meet design requirements by adjusting a power arm 5 of the rock drill and a steering device 2 on a control device;
step (4) starting the impact device 1 to enable the drill rod 4 to start to cut cracks on the rock wall; meanwhile, the water spray holes 17 start to spray water, the sprayed water can be directly sprayed into the cracks to play a role in cooling the steel chisel 4, and simultaneously, the broken slag in the cracks can be flushed out of the cracks to facilitate further chiseling of the cracks;
and (5) after the through crack of the first excavation point is formed, moving the control equipment to the next excavation point to excavate the crack until the excavated crack on the tunnel contour line meets the requirement of blasting construction.
Claims (5)
1. The equipment for preventing the tunnel from being overedged comprises an impact device (1), a steering device (2), a fixing device (3) and a steel chisel (4), and is characterized in that one end of the impact device (1) is connected with a power arm (5) of a rock drill, and the other end of the impact device (1) is connected with the steering device (2); one end of the steering device (2) is connected with the impact device (1), and the other end is connected with the fixing device (3); the fixing device (3) consists of a middle shaft (6), an inclined strut (7) and an installation part (8), a row of notches (10) capable of installing the steel drill (4) are formed in the front surface (9) of the installation part (8), a row of holes (12) are formed in the side surface (11) of the installation part (8), and the screw (13) is inserted through the holes (12) to fix the steel drill (4).
2. The apparatus for preventing overexcavation of a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the shank (14) of the drill steel (4) has a circular cross-section, the end portion (15) has a pointed shape, and the cross-section of the end portion (15) has a rhombic shape with one direction flattened and the other direction pointed; the rod part (14) of the steel chisel (4) is provided with a fixing hole (16), the axial direction of the fixing hole (16) is vertical to the direction of the sharper diamond of the end part (15), and the screw (13) passes through the fixing hole (16) to fix the steel chisel (4) and the mounting part (8) together.
3. The apparatus for preventing overexcavation of a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the front surface (9) of the mounting portion (8) of the fixing means (3) is provided with water spray holes (17); a first diameter of the notch (10) on the front surface (9) ((d 1) Is larger than the second diameter (14) of the shank (4)d 2) 1-2 mm in size; method for manufacturing semiconductor deviceDistance between (A) and (B)r 1) First diameter of notch (d 1) 1.5 to 2.0 times of the total weight of the composition.
4. The apparatus for preventing overexcavation of a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the relatively sharp diamond shape of the end portion (15) of the drill steel (4) is arranged in parallel to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the mounting portion (8) of the fixture (3), the drill steel (4) having the longest length is arranged at the middle portion in the longitudinal direction of the mounting portion (8) of the fixture (3), and the relatively short drill steel (4) is arranged symmetrically in sequence at both sides.
5. An apparatus for preventing overexcavation of a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the interval (C) between the steel rods (4) is (c) ((m))r ij) Set as follows:
r ij=α 1 α 2(r i+r j)
in the formula:α 1-a surrounding rock grade influence coefficient, wherein the surrounding rock grade is 1.0 when I grade, 0.6 when VI grade, and other grades are interpolated according to a straight line;
α 2-the influence coefficient of the depth of the steel drill into the rock stratum is equal to the ratio of the depth of the steel drill to the depth of the primary blasting construction, and the depth of the steel drill cannot be less than 0.8 time of the depth of the primary blasting construction;
r i-drill steeliThe length of a crack (18) generated on one side of the steel drill rod by impacting the surrounding rock;
r j-drill steeliThe length of the crack (18) generated on one side of the drill steel when the adjacent drill steel j impacts the surrounding rock.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123008164.3U CN216381401U (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Equipment for preventing tunnel from being dug excessively |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123008164.3U CN216381401U (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Equipment for preventing tunnel from being dug excessively |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN216381401U true CN216381401U (en) | 2022-04-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123008164.3U Active CN216381401U (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Equipment for preventing tunnel from being dug excessively |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114000891A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-01 | 中铁二十一局集团第二工程有限公司 | Equipment for preventing tunnel from being overetched and using method |
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2021
- 2021-12-03 CN CN202123008164.3U patent/CN216381401U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114000891A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-01 | 中铁二十一局集团第二工程有限公司 | Equipment for preventing tunnel from being overetched and using method |
| CN114000891B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-05-14 | 中铁二十一局集团第二工程有限公司 | Device for preventing tunnel from over-digging and using method |
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