CN216253882U - Fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilizing and monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilization and monitoring device, which comprises a main control unit, a seeding monitoring unit and a fixed-point fertilization mechanism, wherein the seeding monitoring unit is arranged on the wall of a seed discharging pipe, the fixed-point fertilization mechanism comprises a main fertilizer discharging pipeline, an infusion pump is arranged on the main fertilizer discharging pipeline, one end of the main fertilizer discharging pipeline is connected with a fertilizer storage box, the other end of the main fertilizer discharging pipeline is connected with a fertilizer discharging branch pipeline, the fertilizer discharging branch pipeline comprises a plurality of paths, the plurality of paths of fertilizer discharging branch pipelines are respectively fixed on one side of the corresponding seed discharging pipe, meanwhile, a solenoid valve A and a high-pressure nozzle are respectively arranged on the plurality of paths of fertilizer discharging branch pipelines, and the seeding monitoring unit, the infusion pump and the solenoid valve A are all connected with the main control unit.

Description

Fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilizing and monitoring device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilizing and monitoring device.

Background

The basic land capability of cultivated land in China is low, while the contribution of fertilizer application to grain yield increase is large, and is generally more than 40%, so that in order to improve grain yield, China needs to apply a large amount of fertilizer to realize the purpose. At present, the fertilizer application in China has several problems: the application amount per mu is higher, and particularly, the amount of the homogenized fertilizer per mu in China is 21.9 kilograms, which is far higher than the average level in the world (8 kilograms per mu), 2.6 times that in the United states and 2.5 times that in the European Union; secondly, the utilization rate of organic fertilizer resources is low, the actual utilization rate is less than 40%, the main reason for causing the problems is in the fertilization mode, at present, the traditional manual fertilization in China still dominates, the phenomena of fertilizer spreading and surface application are common, and the mechanical fertilization only accounts for about 30% of the planting area of main crops. With the development of precision agriculture, precision fertilization becomes a key part for weight reduction and efficiency improvement, and especially, the utilization rate of liquid fertilizer is higher than that of solid fertilizer, and the implementation of weight reduction and efficiency improvement can be further promoted by increasing the research and development and popularization of liquid fertilizer.

The existing liquid fertilizer application technology is mostly a drip irrigation technology, runs through early and middle management of crops, and the fertilizer application is solid granular fertilizer or no fertilizer application when in seeding, and meanwhile, the traditional liquid fertilizer drip application method is adopted, so that the root system of the plant can only utilize about 25 percent of the applied fertilizer, and the healthy growth of seedlings is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the application provides a distance seeding, fixed point fertilization and monitoring devices, and the utilization efficiency of fertilizer resources can be improved while required nutrients are provided for seedling growth by utilizing the device.

The utility model provides a fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilizing and monitoring device, which comprises a main control unit and a seeding monitoring unit, the main control unit is connected with the seeding monitoring unit which is arranged on the wall of the seeding pipe (18), it is characterized by comprising a fixed-point fertilizing mechanism, the fixed-point fertilizing mechanism comprises a main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2), an infusion pump (4) is arranged on the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2), and one end of the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) is connected with the fertilizer storage box (1), the other end is connected with the fertilizer discharging branch pipeline (3), the fertilizer discharging branch pipeline (3) comprises a plurality of paths, the multi-path fertilizer discharge branch pipelines (3) are respectively fixed at one side of the corresponding seed discharge pipe (18), the multi-path fertilizer distributing branch pipeline (3) is respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve A (6) and a high-pressure spray head (7), the infusion pump (4) and the electromagnetic valve A (6) are connected with the main control unit; when the main control unit receives a seeding signal collected by the seeding monitoring unit, the main control unit controls the infusion pump (4) and the electromagnetic valve A (6) to be opened so as to realize fixed-point fertilization on a seeding position.

As the preferred scheme of this application, fixed point fertilizing mechanism contains fertile liquid mixed subassembly, and this fertile liquid mixed subassembly contains air pump (8) and gas transmission pipeline (9) of being connected with this air pump (8), the free end of gas transmission pipeline (9) with storage fertilizer case (1) intercommunication and be located storage fertilizer case (1) and be close to the position of bottom, be equipped with pneumatic solenoid valve (10) on gas transmission pipeline (9).

As a preferable scheme of the application, the fixed-point fertilizer applying mechanism further comprises a liquid level sensor (11) and/or a pressure sensor (13), when the liquid level sensor (11) is included, the liquid level sensor (11) is arranged at the upper end part of the fertilizer storage box (1), and the liquid level information of the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer storage box (1) can be collected in real time by using the liquid level sensor (11); when the fertilizer discharging main pipeline comprises the pressure sensor (13), the pressure sensor (13) is arranged on the fertilizer discharging main pipeline (2), and the pressure sensor (13) can be used for acquiring a hydraulic signal in the fertilizer discharging main pipeline (2) in real time; and the liquid level sensor (11) and the pressure sensor (13) are connected with the main control unit.

As a preferable scheme of the application, when the fertilizer discharging main pipeline (2) comprises a pressure sensor (13), a hydraulic regulating valve (14) is further arranged on the fertilizer discharging main pipeline, and the hydraulic regulating valve (14) is connected with the main control unit.

As a preferable scheme of the application, a filter (5) is arranged between the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) and the fertilizer storage box (1), namely, fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer storage box (1) enters the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) after being filtered by the filter (5); and/or the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) is provided with a main electromagnetic valve (12) and/or a one-way valve (15).

As the preferred scheme of this application, contain speed monitoring unit, this speed monitoring unit with the main control unit is connected, and this speed monitoring unit contains seeder speed of travel measuring unit and seed metering dish rotational speed measuring unit, seeder speed of travel measuring unit contains satellite + inertial navigation module and/or speed sensor A (23), satellite + inertial navigation module is installed in the seeder frame, and it is used for measuring the speed of travel of seeder, speed sensor A (23) set up on land wheel (23) of seeder, and it is used for gathering the rotational speed of seeder land wheel (23), the main control unit receives the speed signal of satellite + inertial navigation module and any collection of speed sensor A (231), seed metering dish rotational speed measuring unit contains speed sensor B, and this speed sensor B sets up on pivot (22) of direct current motor (21), is used for detecting the rotating speed of a direct current motor (21), or the seed metering disc rotating speed measuring unit comprises a lantern ring component, the lantern ring component comprises a fixed lantern ring (24) and a movable lantern ring (25) which is coaxial with and sleeved on the fixed lantern ring (24), the fixed lantern ring (24) and the movable lantern ring (25) can rotate relatively, at least one group of Hall sensors (26) are arranged on the fixed lantern ring (24), the movable lantern ring (25) is provided with a sleeve hole (28) and a plurality of magnetic poles (27), the sleeve hole (28) is arranged at the central position of the movable lantern ring (25), the sleeving hole (28) can be sleeved on a rotating shaft (22) of a direct current motor (21) for driving the seed metering disc (17) to rotate so as to enable the movable sleeve ring (25) to rotate along with the rotating shaft (22), the magnetic poles (27) are arranged at the radial positions of the movable sleeve ring (25), and when the Hall sensor (26) is close to the magnetic poles (27), a pulse signal is generated and transmitted to the main control unit; and the main control unit generates a control instruction for adjusting the rotating speed of the direct current motor (21) according to the received pulse signal and the speed signal.

As a preferable scheme of the application, the seeding monitoring unit is a photoelectric sensor (19); and/or the high-pressure spray head (7) is a check valve spray head; and/or the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a data bus, the vehicle-mounted computer is connected with the main control unit through the bus, and the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a processing unit and a human-computer interaction interface.

Compared with the prior art, this distance seeding, fixed point fertilization and monitoring devices in this application's advantage lies in:

(1) the seeding monitoring unit is used for monitoring the seeding condition of the seeding pipe 18 in real time, when the seeding pipe 18 seeds normally and finishes one-time seeding, the main control unit starts the infusion pump 4 and the electromagnetic valve A6 on the fertilizer discharge branch pipeline 3 corresponding to each seeding pipe 18, and fertilizers are applied to the current seeding position according to the preset fertilizing time length, so that the root system of the crop can be in contact with the sprayed fertilizer in the germination and growth process of the seed, the seedling is helped to obtain nutrients in the weakest and most critical growth stage, a foundation is laid for the later growth of the seedling, namely, the device in the embodiment can improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, and has great advantages in the aspects of improving the agricultural planting economic benefit and the environment.

(2) The seeding monitoring unit monitors the seeding state of the seeding pipe 18 in real time, when a certain or multiple paths of seeding pipes 18 are abnormally seeded (blocked or missed), the main control unit does not start the electromagnetic valve A6 on the fertilizer branch pipeline 3 corresponding to the seeding pipe 18 which is abnormally seeded, i.e. does not perform fertilizer application operation, and only starts the electromagnetic valve A6 on the fertilizer branch pipeline 3 corresponding to the seeding pipe 18 which is normally seeded, so that the waste of fertilizer resources is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic control structure diagram of the apparatus in the present application according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed-point fertilizer application mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a seed discharge tube unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a collar assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view along the direction a-a in fig. 5 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an isometric view of a collar assembly nested on a dc motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a control structure of the apparatus provided with a speed monitoring unit according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

Reference numerals

The device comprises a fertilizer storage box 1, a fertilizer main pipeline 2, a fertilizer branch pipeline 3, an infusion pump 4, a filter 5, an electromagnetic valve A6, a high-pressure spray head 7, an air pump 8, an air conveying pipeline 9, a pneumatic electromagnetic valve 10, a liquid level sensor 11, a main electromagnetic valve 12, a pressure sensor 13, a hydraulic regulating valve 14, a one-way valve 15, a seed discharging pipe monomer 16, a seed discharging disc 17, a seed discharging pipe 18, a photoelectric sensor 19, a support 20, a direct current motor 21, a rotating shaft 22, a land wheel 23, a speed sensor A231, a fixed sleeve ring 24, a movable sleeve ring 25, a Hall sensor 26, a magnetic pole 27, a sleeve hole 28, a connector 29, a mounting hole 30 and a speed measuring driving circuit 31.

Detailed Description

Example 1: the embodiment provides a fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilization and monitoring device, which comprises a main control unit and a seeding monitoring unit, wherein the main control unit is connected with the seeding monitoring unit, as shown in fig. 1, the main control unit comprises an STM32 single chip microcomputer and a peripheral driving circuit, the seeding monitoring unit is preferably a photoelectric sensor 19 in the embodiment, the photoelectric sensor 19 is arranged on the side wall of a seed discharging pipe 18, the photoelectric sensor 19 can be used for monitoring seeding conditions (normal seeding, rebroadcasting, miss-seeding or blocking and the like) of the seed discharging pipe 18 in real time, in the embodiment, the device further comprises a fixed-point fertilization mechanism, as shown in fig. 2, the fixed-point fertilization mechanism comprises a fertilizer discharging main pipeline 2 and a fertilizer discharging branch pipeline 3, wherein an infusion pump 4 is arranged on the fertilizer discharging main pipeline 2, one end of the fertilizer discharging main pipeline 2 is connected with a fertilizer storage tank 1, and the other end is connected with the fertilizer discharging branch pipeline 3, in this embodiment, a filter 5 is disposed between the main fertilizer pipe 2 and the fertilizer storage tank 1, so as to prevent impurities in the fertilizer solution from entering the fertilizer pipe and causing blockage thereof, meanwhile, a main solenoid valve 12 and a check valve 15 are disposed on the main fertilizer pipe 2, the main solenoid valve 12 is used to facilitate control of the fertilizer storage tank 1 and the fertilizer pipe, and the check valve 15 is used to prevent backflow of the fertilizer solution, in this embodiment, the fertilizer branch pipe 3 includes multiple paths, the multiple paths of the fertilizer branch pipes 3 are respectively fixed on one side of the corresponding seed discharge pipes 18 through the brackets 20, in order to realize the function of spraying fertilizer around the seeding position after seeding, the fertilizer branch pipe 3 is preferably disposed at the rear side of the seed discharge pipes 18, see fig. 3, so as to avoid the problem that the fertilizer application point is deviated from the seeding position by a large distance due to the time difference between the response speed of the main control unit and the advancing speed of the seeder, meanwhile, the multi-path fertilizer discharge branch pipeline 3 is respectively provided with the electromagnetic valve A6 and the high-pressure spray head 7, in the embodiment, in order to avoid the phenomenon of fertilizer liquid backflow, the high-pressure spray head 7 is preferably a check valve spray head, in the embodiment, the infusion pump 4 and the electromagnetic valve A6 are preferably connected with the PWM output end of the main control unit, and the working time (fertilizing time) of the electromagnetic valve A6 and the infusion pump 4 can be adjusted by utilizing the PWM port of the main control unit in a pulse width adjusting mode, so that the fertilizing amount is adjusted.

In this embodiment, the seeding monitoring unit is used to monitor the seeding situation of the seeding pipes 18 in real time, when the seeding pipes 18 are normally seeded and one seeding is completed, the main control unit starts the infusion pump 4 and the electromagnetic valve a6 on the fertilizer branch pipeline 3 corresponding to each seeding pipe 18, applies fertilizer to the current seeding position according to the preset fertilizer application time length, when one or more seeding pipes 18 are abnormally seeded (blocked or missed), the main control unit does not start the electromagnetic valve a6 on the fertilizer branch pipeline 3 corresponding to the seeding pipe 18 with abnormal seeding, that is, does not perform fertilizer application operation, and only starts the electromagnetic valve a6 on the fertilizer branch pipeline 3 corresponding to the seeding pipe 18 with normal seeding, so as to know that, with the device in this embodiment, during the germination and growth process of seeds, the root system of crops can contact with the sprayed fertilizer, and help the seedlings obtain fertilizer at the most vulnerable growth stage, the foundation is laid for the later growth of seedlings, so that the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer can be improved, the agricultural planting economic benefit is improved, the environment is improved, meanwhile, the corresponding fertilizer discharge branch pipeline 3 is started according to the seeding state, and the waste of fertilizer resources can be reduced.

Further, in this embodiment, fixed point fertilizing mechanism contains fertile liquid mixing assembly, this fertile liquid mixing assembly contains air pump 8 and the gas transmission pipeline 9 of being connected with this air pump 8, gas transmission pipeline 9's free end passes through the atmospheric pressure shower nozzle and communicates with fertile case 1 and is located the position that fertile case 1 is close to the bottom, be equipped with pneumatic solenoid valve 10 on the gas transmission pipeline 9, during the use, start air pump 8 and pneumatic solenoid valve 10, through gas transmission pipeline 9 and atmospheric pressure shower nozzle with compressed gas with certain pressure input fertile case 1 in order to realize the homogeneous mixing to fertile liquid in the fertile case 1.

In this embodiment, in order to realize the flash mixed of fertile liquid, the preferred multiunit liquid mixture subassembly that contains of fertile, this multiunit liquid mixture subassembly sets up respectively in the different positions of storing up fertile case 1 bottom, during the use, utilizes the compressed gas that this multiunit liquid mixture subassembly produced to carry out the stirring in each position to storing up fertile case 1 bottom liquid for fertile liquid mixing speed has been accelerated.

Or, in order to realize the flash mixed of fertilizer liquid, preferred fertilizer liquid mixing assembly contains a plurality of gas transmission pipeline 9, and the one end and the air pump 8 of these a plurality of gas transmission pipeline 9 are connected, and the other end sets up the different positions in storage fertilizer box 1 bottom respectively, during the use, starts air pump 8, utilizes the compressed gas who comes from each gas transmission pipeline 9 to carry out the stirring in each position to storage fertilizer box 1 bottom fertilizer liquid, has improved fertilizer liquid mixing efficiency.

Further, in this embodiment, the fixed-point fertilizer application mechanism further includes a liquid level sensor 11 and/or a pressure sensor 13, the fixed-point fertilizer application mechanism preferably includes a liquid level sensor 11 and a pressure sensor 13 in this embodiment, and both the liquid level sensor 11 and the pressure sensor 13 are connected to the main control unit, wherein the liquid level sensor 11 is disposed at the upper end of the fertilizer storage box 1, and the liquid level sensor 11 can be used to obtain liquid level information of the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer storage box 1 in real time, so as to determine whether to add the fertilizer liquid; pressure sensor 13 sets up on arranging fertile main line 2, utilize this pressure sensor 13 can acquire the hydraulic signal in arranging fertile main line 2 in real time, so that in time learn the pressure that the pipeline receives, avoid the pipeline to damage, in this embodiment, for the convenience of adjusting the hydraulic pressure in arranging fertile main line 2, preferably be equipped with hydraulic control valve 14 on arranging fertile main line 2, this hydraulic control valve 14 is connected with the main control unit, utilize this hydraulic control valve 14 can adjust the pressure in arranging fertile main line 2 as required.

Further, in this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted computer with a data bus is included, the vehicle-mounted computer is connected with the main controller through the CAN bus or the 485 bus, the vehicle-mounted computer includes a processing unit and a human-computer interaction interface (a display interface formed by a touch screen), and in this embodiment, the main functions of the vehicle-mounted computer include displaying the work state of the work, controlling the motor action, setting the work parameters, storing the work history, and calculating and recording the miss-broadcast or jam fault distance.

When the multifunctional liquid fertilizer applicator is used, the vehicle-mounted computer is turned on, and relevant parameters including the position where liquid fertilizer is applied, the dosage, the on-off time of the electromagnetic valve, the operation width, the seeding grain distance and the like are set; and transmitting the set parameters to the main controller for parameter maintenance.

Example 2: the speed monitoring unit is connected with the main control unit, the speed monitoring unit comprises a seeder traveling speed measuring unit and a seed plate rotating speed measuring unit, the seeder traveling speed measuring unit comprises a satellite + inertial navigation (GNSS + INS) module and/or a speed sensor A231, the preferred seeder traveling speed measuring unit comprises a satellite + inertial navigation (GNSS + INS) module and a speed sensor A231, the satellite + inertial navigation (GNSS + INS) module is arranged on the seeder frame and is used for measuring a traveling speed signal of the seeder in real time during the running process of the seeder, the speed sensor A231 is arranged on a land wheel 23 of the seeder and is used for collecting a rotating speed signal of the land wheel 23 of the seeder, the rotating speed signal represents the seeder traveling speed, the main control unit receives the speed signal collected by any one of the GNSS + INS module and/or the speed sensor A231, that is, in the embodiment, two speed acquisition modules are used for acquiring the travelling speed of the seeder to respectively acquire the speeds of different positions of the seeder, so that the problem that the acquired speed information is inaccurate or untimely due to jolting or uneven ground when the travelling speed of the seeder is acquired by using one speed acquisition module (the speed sensor A231 acquires the rotating speed of the land wheel 23) in the prior art can be avoided, and the accuracy and the real-time performance of the travelling speed measurement of the seeder are improved; the seed plate rotation speed measuring unit comprises a speed sensor B (not shown in the figure) which is arranged on the rotating shaft 22 of the direct current motor 21 and is used for detecting the rotation speed of the direct current motor 21, or the seed plate rotation speed measuring unit comprises a lantern ring assembly which comprises a fixed lantern ring 24 and a movable lantern ring 25 which is coaxial with and sleeved on the fixed lantern ring 24, in the embodiment, the fixed lantern ring 24 and the movable lantern ring 25 can rotate relatively, in the embodiment, the height of the movable lantern ring 25 is preferably larger than that of the fixed lantern ring 24, namely the movable lantern ring 25 protrudes relative to the fixed lantern ring 24, the upper surface of the fixed lantern ring 24 is provided with two groups of Hall sensors 26, the movable lantern ring 25 is provided with a sleeved hole 28 and a plurality of magnetic poles 27, the sleeved hole 28 is arranged at the central position of the movable lantern ring 25, the sleeved hole 28 can be tightly nested on the rotating shaft 22 of the direct current motor 21 which drives the seed plate 17 to rotate and enables the movable lantern ring 25 to rotate along with the rotating shaft 22, referring to fig. 6, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the fixed collar 24 is fixed on the cross section of the dc motor 21 by means of fixing such as adhesion, or it is preferable that the fixed collar 24 is provided with a mounting hole 30 in the fixed collar 24, the fixed collar 24 is fixed on the dc motor 21 through the mounting hole 30, in this embodiment, in order to realize tight socket joint of the movable collar 25 and the rotating shaft 22, it is preferable that the movable collar 25 is made of flexible rubber material, the movable collar 25 and the rotating shaft 22 can be tightly socket-jointed by using the flexible rubber material, the plurality of magnetic poles 27 are arranged at radial positions of the movable collar 25, when the movable collar 25 rotates along with the rotating shaft 22, the magnetic poles 27 can approach the hall sensor 26 so that the hall sensor 26 generates pulse signals and transmits the pulse signals to the main control unit, and the main control unit calculates a function model relationship between signals collected by the unit for measuring the advancing speed of the seeding machine and the rotating speed of the seeding plate and the rotating speed of the seeding machine preset in the main control unit and the rotating speed of the seeding plate 17, and then generates a trigger motor driver to act And (3) controlling the command, namely adjusting the rotating speed of the corresponding direct current motor 21 in real time by using the motor driver of each channel, so as to ensure that the seeding distance of each channel of seed discharging disc 17 is kept within a specific distance and realize the uniformity of seeding, and the reference is made in figure 7.

In this embodiment, when the seed plate rotation speed measuring unit includes the collar assembly, it is preferable that the speed measuring driving circuit 31 of the seed plate rotation speed measuring unit is disposed on the fixed collar 24, and the fixed collar 24 is provided with the interface 29, and the seed plate rotation speed measuring unit is connected to the main control unit through the interface 29.

In this embodiment, the start-stop control of the dc motor 21 can be controlled by the main control unit, and can also be controlled by a manual mode to control the operation (start/stop) of each motor, i.e. manual intervention can be performed in an emergency.

In this embodiment, the speed information collected by the speed sensor a231 disposed on the land wheel 23 not only indicates the traveling speed of the seeding machine, but also is used to detect whether the seeding machine is started or stopped and further controls the direct current motor 21 to start or stop through the main control unit, specifically, when the speed sensor a231 can collect the rotating speed of the land wheel 23, the seeding machine is in an operation or traveling state, at this time, the main control unit controls the direct current motor 21 to start, when the speed sensor a231 can not collect the rotating speed of the land wheel 23, the seeding machine stops operating, at this time, the main control unit controls the direct current motor 21 to stop rotating, so that the phenomenon of repeated seeding or missed seeding can be avoided.

When the seeder is used, the seeder is connected with a corresponding traction mechanism (tractor), the main control unit calculates the received information and a function model relation between the travelling speed of the seeder preset in the main control unit and the rotating speed of the seed discharging disc 17 in the operation process of the seeder so as to generate a control instruction for triggering the motor driver to act, the rotating speed of the corresponding direct current motor 21 is adjusted in real time by utilizing the motor driver of each channel, the seeding distance of each channel of seed discharging disc 17 is ensured to be kept within a specific distance, and the seeding uniformity is realized; that is, the speed monitoring unit in this embodiment can rapidly and accurately adjust the rotation speed of the dc motor 21 according to the advancing speed of the seeding machine, so as to ensure that the seeding distance of each seed discharging plate 17 is kept within a specific distance, and meanwhile, the seed discharging plate 17 in this embodiment is driven by the dc motor 21, so as to solve the problem that the seeding precision and stability are greatly reduced in a high-speed operation state when the existing seeding power is taken from the ground wheel 23 to travel.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and describing specific structures and features has not been set forth herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the present invention, several modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in the present application shall be subject to the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilizing and monitoring device, which comprises a main control unit and a seeding monitoring unit, the main control unit is connected with the seeding monitoring unit which is arranged on the wall of the seeding pipe (18), it is characterized by comprising a fixed-point fertilizing mechanism, the fixed-point fertilizing mechanism comprises a main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2), an infusion pump (4) is arranged on the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2), and one end of the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) is connected with the fertilizer storage box (1), the other end is connected with the fertilizer discharging branch pipeline (3), the fertilizer discharging branch pipeline (3) comprises a plurality of paths, the multi-path fertilizer discharge branch pipelines (3) are respectively fixed at one side of the corresponding seed discharge pipe (18), the multi-path fertilizer distributing branch pipeline (3) is respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve A (6) and a high-pressure spray head (7), the infusion pump (4) and the electromagnetic valve A (6) are connected with the main control unit; when the main control unit receives a seeding signal collected by the seeding monitoring unit, the main control unit controls the infusion pump (4) and the electromagnetic valve A (6) to be opened so as to realize fixed-point fertilization on a seeding position.

2. Distance sowing, fixed point fertilization and monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed point fertilization mechanism comprises a fertilizer liquid mixing assembly, the fertilizer liquid mixing assembly comprises an air pump (8) and an air transmission pipeline (9) connected with the air pump (8), the free end of the air transmission pipeline (9) is communicated with the fertilizer storage box (1) and is positioned at the position of the fertilizer storage box (1) close to the bottom, and a pneumatic solenoid valve (10) is arranged on the air transmission pipeline (9).

3. The fixed-distance sowing, fixed-point fertilizing and monitoring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixed-point fertilizing mechanism further comprises a liquid level sensor (11) and/or a pressure sensor (13), when the liquid level sensor (11) is included, the liquid level sensor (11) is arranged at the upper end part of the fertilizer storage box (1), and the liquid level sensor (11) can be used for collecting the liquid level information of the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer storage box (1) in real time; when the fertilizer discharging main pipeline comprises the pressure sensor (13), the pressure sensor (13) is arranged on the fertilizer discharging main pipeline (2), and the pressure sensor (13) can be used for acquiring a hydraulic signal in the fertilizer discharging main pipeline (2) in real time; and the liquid level sensor (11) and the pressure sensor (13) are connected with the main control unit.

4. Distance sowing, spot fertilizing and monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that when a pressure sensor (13) is included, a hydraulic control valve (14) is also provided on the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2), and the hydraulic control valve (14) is connected to the main control unit.

5. Distance sowing, fixed-point fertilization and monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein a filter (5) is arranged between the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) and the fertilizer storage box (1), i.e. the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer storage box (1) enters the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) after being filtered by the filter (5); and/or the main fertilizer discharging pipeline (2) is provided with a main electromagnetic valve (12) and/or a one-way valve (15).

6. Distance sowing, spot fertilizing and monitoring device according to any of claims 1-4, comprising a speed monitoring unit connected to the main control unit, the speed monitoring unit comprising a sowing machine travelling speed measuring unit and a seed plate rotation speed measuring unit, the sowing machine travelling speed measuring unit comprising a satellite + inertial navigation module and/or a speed sensor A (231), the satellite + inertial navigation module being mounted on the sowing machine frame for measuring the travelling speed of the sowing machine, the speed sensor A (231) being arranged on the land wheel (23) of the sowing machine for collecting the rotation speed of the land wheel (23) of the sowing machine, the main control unit receiving a speed signal collected by any of the satellite + inertial navigation module and the speed sensor A (231), the seed plate rotation speed measuring unit comprising a speed sensor B, the speed sensor B is arranged on a rotating shaft (22) of a direct current motor (21) and used for detecting the rotating speed of the direct current motor (21), or the seed plate rotating speed measuring unit comprises a lantern ring assembly, the lantern ring assembly comprises a fixed lantern ring (24) and a movable lantern ring (25) which is coaxial and sleeved with the fixed lantern ring (24), the fixed lantern ring (24) and the movable lantern ring (25) can rotate relatively, at least one group of Hall sensors (26) are arranged on the fixed lantern ring (24), a sleeving hole (28) and a plurality of magnetic poles (27) are arranged on the movable lantern ring (25), the sleeving hole (28) is arranged at the central position of the movable lantern ring (25), the sleeving hole (28) can be sleeved on the rotating shaft (22) of the direct current motor (21) which drives the seed plate (17) to rotate so as to enable the movable lantern ring (25) to rotate along with the rotating shaft (22), and the magnetic poles (27) are arranged at the radial position of the movable lantern ring (25), when the Hall sensor (26) is close to the magnetic pole (27), a pulse signal is generated and transmitted to the main control unit; and the main control unit generates a control instruction for adjusting the rotating speed of the direct current motor (21) according to the received pulse signal and the speed signal.

7. Distance sowing, spot fertilizing and monitoring device according to claim 5, comprising a speed monitoring unit connected to the main control unit, the speed monitoring unit comprising a planter traveling speed measuring unit and a seed plate rotation speed measuring unit, the planter traveling speed measuring unit comprising a satellite + inertial navigation module and/or a speed sensor A (231), the satellite + inertial navigation module being mounted on the planter frame for measuring the traveling speed of the planter, the speed sensor A (231) being provided on the ground wheel (23) of the planter for collecting the rotation speed of the ground wheel (23) of the planter, the main control unit receiving the speed signal collected by either of the satellite + inertial navigation module and the speed sensor A (231), the seed plate rotation speed measuring unit comprising a speed sensor B, the speed sensor B is arranged on a rotating shaft (22) of a direct current motor (21) and used for detecting the rotating speed of the direct current motor (21), or the seed plate rotating speed measuring unit comprises a lantern ring assembly, the lantern ring assembly comprises a fixed lantern ring (24) and a movable lantern ring (25) which is coaxial and sleeved with the fixed lantern ring (24), the fixed lantern ring (24) and the movable lantern ring (25) can rotate relatively, at least one group of Hall sensors (26) are arranged on the fixed lantern ring (24), a sleeving hole (28) and a plurality of magnetic poles (27) are arranged on the movable lantern ring (25), the sleeving hole (28) is arranged at the central position of the movable lantern ring (25), the sleeving hole (28) can be sleeved on the rotating shaft (22) of the direct current motor (21) which drives the seed plate (17) to rotate so as to enable the movable lantern ring (25) to rotate along with the rotating shaft (22), and the magnetic poles (27) are arranged at the radial position of the movable lantern ring (25), when the Hall sensor (26) is close to the magnetic pole (27), a pulse signal is generated and transmitted to the main control unit; and the main control unit generates a control instruction for adjusting the rotating speed of the direct current motor (21) according to the received pulse signal and the speed signal.

8. Distance sowing, spot fertilizing and monitoring device according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the sowing monitoring unit is a photoelectric sensor (19); and/or the high-pressure spray head (7) is a check valve spray head; and/or the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a data bus, the vehicle-mounted computer is connected with the main control unit through the bus, and the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a processing unit and a human-computer interaction interface.

9. Distance sowing, spot fertilizing and monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that the sowing monitoring unit is a photoelectric sensor (19); and/or the high-pressure spray head (7) is a check valve spray head; and/or the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a data bus, the vehicle-mounted computer is connected with the main control unit through the bus, and the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a processing unit and a human-computer interaction interface.

10. Distance sowing, spot fertilizing and monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that the sowing monitoring unit is a photoelectric sensor (19); and/or the high-pressure spray head (7) is a check valve spray head; and/or the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a data bus, the vehicle-mounted computer is connected with the main control unit through the bus, and the vehicle-mounted computer comprises a processing unit and a human-computer interaction interface.

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