CN216082808U - Hot-wire anemometer - Google Patents
Hot-wire anemometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN216082808U CN216082808U CN202121969676.3U CN202121969676U CN216082808U CN 216082808 U CN216082808 U CN 216082808U CN 202121969676 U CN202121969676 U CN 202121969676U CN 216082808 U CN216082808 U CN 216082808U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a hot-wire wind speed and direction velocimeter, which comprises a measuring device, a bridge, a signal converter, a power supply and a microcomputer, wherein the measuring device comprises a wind direction measuring part and a wind speed measuring part, the wind direction measuring part comprises an installation rack and four first hot-wire probes, and the installation rack is in a cross-shaped structure; the tail end of the periphery of the mounting frame is provided with a first hot wire probe, the left end and the right end of the first hot wire probe are provided with conductive connectors, a hot wire resistance wire is arranged in the first hot wire probe, the two ends of the hot wire resistance wire are respectively connected with the two conductive connectors, one end surface of the first hot wire probe is provided with an air inlet end, the other end surface of the first hot wire probe is a closed end, and air outlets are formed in the two side surfaces of the first hot wire probe; the angle of the wind direction can be measured by utilizing the resistance change of the hot wire resistance wires in the four first hot wire probes and comparing the resistance change amounts of the four hot wire resistance wires, so that the wind speed and the wind direction can be measured.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of wind speed and direction measuring devices, and particularly relates to a hot-wire wind speed and direction velocimeter.
Background
With the improvement of living standard of people, the real-time wind monitoring is more and more important, in the past, anemometers are mainly used for meteorological research and weather forecast, and at present, wind speed and direction sensors play an important role in new fields such as agricultural production, environmental protection, transportation and the like. In agricultural production, wind affects soil moisture, pollen transmission and CO2 distribution; among the MEMS anemometers, the hot-wire anemometer, which is a precision device for measuring the fluid flow velocity, plays an indispensable role in the research of the fluid flow field. The hot-wire anemometer has the advantages of small detection element, small thermal inertia, high sensitivity and spatial resolution and small fluid interference. In industry, the method can be used for measuring the speed field of the wind tunnel, the flow characteristic of the internal combustion engine, the boiler intake of a large power station and the like. The method can be used for monitoring the wind speed in the climate, evaluating the wind resistance effect of the protection forest and the like in the environment. Therefore, the hot-wire anemometer has strong applicability in the fields of machinery, biology, environment, and the like. Meanwhile, the method has a very wide application prospect in the special field of turbulence pulsation measurement. For example, for measurement of high pressure alternating fluid flow, measurement of supersonic fluid flow rate, and the like.
At present, instruments for measuring the fluid flow velocity mainly comprise a pitot tube, a rotor blade anemometer, a propeller anemometer, a hot wire anemometer, an acoustic anemometer and the like. The pitot tube, the rotor anemoscope and the propeller type anemoscope have the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, reliable structure and low price, but have the problems of narrow speed measuring range, incapability of measuring end flow pulsation, low frequency response and the like. The acoustic anemometer has good high-frequency response, does not interfere air flow, can accurately measure the instantaneous wind speed, is an ideal instrument for measuring the flow of the wind, but has high manufacturing cost. As a very important technology for measuring the speed and the direction of a fluid, a hot wire velocity measurement technology has been used for over 100 years, and compared with other fluid velocity measurement methods, the hot wire velocity measurement technology has the characteristics of good response characteristic, low cost, convenience in operation and mature theory, and has an important position in the field of wind speed measurement.
The hot wire can be classified into a constant-current anemometer and a constant-temperature anemometer according to the hot wire heat balance principle. Because the constant-temperature anemometer has small thermal hysteresis effect, wide frequency response and quick response, and the constant-current anemometer does not have the characteristics, the appearance of the constant-temperature anemometer becomes an important mark for further development of the hot wire technology. The basic principle of wind speed measurement of the constant-temperature hot wire anemometer is that the heat generated by the hot wire is equal to the directly dissipated heat, and the heat generated by the heating current in the hot wire is equal to the heat exchange between the hot wire and the surrounding medium under the condition of no other heat exchange. According to a king formula, the relationship between the Knoop number and the Reynolds number of the heat exchange surface is approximately obtained, and then the magnitude and the direction of the flow velocity at the hot wire position are obtained according to the heat exchange coefficient. The wind power generation system is mainly divided into a constant-current type hot-wire anemometer, a constant-temperature type hot-wire anemometer and a constant-voltage type hot-wire anemometer according to different working modes. The main components of the constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer are a wheatstone bridge and a feedback compensation network, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1. By keeping the temperature of the hot wire resistor constant in the flow field, when the wind speed changes, the current flowing through the hot wire resistor is caused to change, thereby causing the voltage across the two terminals to change. The point at which the temperature remains constant is determined by setting the operating superheat ratio of the hot wire. The feedback process comprises the following steps: when the wind speed increases, the amount of heat on the hot wire resistance decreases, causing the resistance thereof to decrease, and thus E12 increases, causing the output voltage E0 to increase, increasing the current flowing through the hot wire resistance, and increasing the amount of heat generated by the hot wire resistance. During the dynamic process, the temperature of the hot wire resistor is kept constant. Therefore, according to the principle, the design and the utility model of the hot-wire anemometer and the anemoscope have positive practical significance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems, the utility model discloses a hot-wire anemometer and a hot-wire anemometer, which can be used for measuring laminar flow wind direction by using an anemometer and simultaneously measuring wind speed and wind direction.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a hot-wire wind speed and direction velocimeter comprises a measuring device, a bridge, a signal converter, a power supply and a microcomputer, wherein the measuring device comprises a wind direction measuring part and a wind speed measuring part, the wind direction measuring part comprises an installation frame and four first hot-wire probes arranged on the installation frame, the installation frame is of a cross-shaped structure, and a fixed seat is arranged in the center of the installation frame; the tail ends of the periphery of the mounting frame are respectively provided with the first hot wire probe, the first hot wire probe is of a hollow cuboid structure, the left end and the right end of the first hot wire probe are respectively provided with a conductive joint, the two conductive joints are connected with the bridge, a hot wire resistance wire is transversely arranged in the first hot wire probe, the two ends of the hot wire resistance wire are respectively connected with the two conductive joints, one end surface of the first hot wire probe is provided with an air inlet end, the other end surface of the first hot wire probe is a closed end, and air outlets are formed in two side surfaces of the first hot wire probe, so that wind enters an inner cavity of the first hot wire probe from the air inlet end and is discharged from the air outlets on the two sides after contacting with the hot wire resistance wire; the wind speed measuring part comprises an installation rod, one end of the installation rod is vertically arranged in the center of one side of the fixed seat, the other end of the installation rod is provided with a second hot wire probe, and the second hot wire probe is different from the first hot wire probe in that the end, opposite to the air inlet end, of the second hot wire probe is an opening end; the power supply is used for supplying power to the first hot wire probe and the second hot wire probe, the first hot wire probe and the second hot wire probe are connected with an analog signal port of the signal converter through the bridge, and the signal converter is connected with the microcomputer.
Furthermore, the air inlet end is formed by arranging a plurality of holes.
Further, the installation directions and the positions of the first hot wire probes on the periphery of the installation frame are consistent.
Further, the fixing seat is of a cylindrical structure.
Furthermore, one end of the installation rod is provided with a rotating seat, and the rotating seat is rotatably arranged at the center of one side of the fixed seat.
Furthermore, the first hot wire probes are fixed at the tail ends of the periphery of the mounting frame in an adhesive mode.
The working principle is as follows: when wind blows on the first hot wire probe and the second hot wire probe of the hot wire anemometer, heat on the hot wire resistance wire is taken away, and therefore resistance change of the hot wire resistance wire is caused. The bridge measures the resistance variation of the hot wire resistance wire, sends the resistance variation to the signal converter to be converted into an electric signal, then sends the electric signal to the microcomputer, and converts the electric signal into the wind speed according to the heat balance principle.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
according to the wind speed and wind direction measuring device, the four first hot wire probes are respectively arranged on the cross-shaped structure mounting frame, the wind direction angle can be accurately measured by utilizing the resistance change of the hot wire resistance wires in the four first hot wire probes and comparing the resistance change quantity of the four hot wire resistance wires, and the wind speed and wind direction measurement is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a constant temperature hot wire anemometer.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a structure of a measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the measuring device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first hot wire probe in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wind direction measuring unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a working principle diagram of the present invention.
The wind speed measuring device comprises a wind direction measuring part 1, a mounting frame 11, a fixed seat 12, a first hot wire probe 13, a conductive connector 131, a hot wire resistance wire 132 air inlet end 133, a closed end 134, an air outlet 135, a wind speed measuring part 2, a mounting rod 21, a rotating seat 22, a second hot wire probe 23, an open end 231, an electric bridge 3, a signal converter 4, a power supply 5 and a microcomputer 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme of the utility model clearer and clearer, the utility model is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and any scheme obtained by carrying out equivalent replacement and conventional reasoning on the technical characteristics of the technical scheme of the utility model falls into the protection scope of the utility model. The fixing and the arrangement of the fixing and the connection are all general connection modes in the mechanical field, and the fixing and the connection can be performed by welding, bolt and nut connection and screw connection.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2-6, the hot-wire anemometry and anemometry device comprises a measuring device, a bridge 3, a signal converter 4, a power supply 5 and a microcomputer 6, wherein the measuring device comprises a wind direction measuring part 1 and a wind speed measuring part 2, the wind direction measuring part 1 comprises a mounting frame 11 and four first hot-wire probes 13 arranged on the mounting frame 11, the mounting frame 11 is in a cross-shaped structure, and a fixed seat 12 is arranged at the center of the mounting frame 11; the tail ends of the periphery of the mounting frame 11 are respectively provided with the first hot wire probe 13, the first hot wire probe 13 is of a hollow cuboid structure, the left end and the right end of the first hot wire probe 13 are respectively provided with a conductive connector 131, the two conductive connectors 131 are connected with the bridge 3, a hot wire resistance wire 132 with heating current is transversely arranged in the first hot wire probe 13, two ends of the hot wire resistance wire 132 are respectively connected with the two conductive connectors 131, the surface of one end of the first hot wire probe 13 is provided with an air inlet end 133, the surface of the other end of the first hot wire probe 13 is a closed end 134, and air outlets 135 are formed in two side surfaces of the first hot wire probe 13, so that air enters an inner cavity of the first hot wire probe 13 from the air inlet end 133 and is discharged from the air outlets 135 on two sides after contacting with the hot wire resistance wire 132; the wind speed measuring part 2 comprises a mounting rod 21, one end of the mounting rod 21 is vertically arranged at the center of one side of the fixed seat 12, the other end of the mounting rod 21 is provided with a second hot wire probe 23, and the second hot wire probe 23 is different from the first hot wire probe 13 in that the end, opposite to the air inlet end 133, of the second hot wire probe 23 is an opening end 231; the power supply 5 is used for supplying power to the first hot wire probe 13 and the second hot wire probe 23, the first hot wire probe 13 and the second hot wire probe 23 are connected with an analog signal port of the signal converter 4 through the bridge 3, the signal converter 4 is connected with the microcomputer 6, after the signal of the hot wire anemometer probe is converted through the bridge 3, the signal converter 4 collects the analog signal output by the bridge 3, converts the analog signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the microcomputer 6.
Further, the air inlet end 133 is formed by arranging a plurality of rectangular holes.
Further, the installation direction and the position of the first hot wire probe 13 around the installation frame 11 are consistent.
Further, the fixing base 12 is a cylindrical structure.
Furthermore, one end of the mounting rod 21 is provided with a rotating seat 22, and the rotating seat 22 is rotatably disposed at the center of one side of the fixing seat 12.
Further, the first hot wire probes 13 are fixed to the peripheral ends of the mounting frame 11 by means of gluing.
The principle of measuring wind speed is as follows: when wind blows on the first and second hot wire probes 13 and 23 of the hot wire anemometer, heat is taken away from the hot wire resistance wire 132, thereby causing a change in resistance of the hot wire resistance wire 132. The bridge 3 measures the resistance variation of the hot wire resistance wire 132, transmits the resistance variation to the signal converter 4 to be converted into an electric signal, transmits the electric signal to the microcomputer 6, and converts the electric signal into the wind speed according to the principle of thermal balance.
The principle of measuring wind direction is briefly described as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, four first hot wire probes are labeled and distinguished as 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein 1 and 2 are located on the same straight line, and 3 and 4 are located on the same straight line.
(1) When wind blows in the direction of 3 → 4, namely in the axial direction of the first hot wire probes 3 and 4, the contact area of the probes 3 and 4 and the wind is small, so that the heat loss is relatively small, the temperature reduction is small, and the change quantity delta V3 and delta V4 of the measurable signals are small. For the 1, 2 first hot wire probe, wind is blown in its radial direction. When the closed end of the first hot wire probe No. 1 is at the upper part, the wind blowing from the direction of 3 → 4 has little influence on the probe No. 1, namely, the state of leeward is equivalent. The contact area of the No. 2 first hot wire probe and wind is large, so that the heat dissipation is relatively large, the temperature reduction is large and is equivalent to the state of facing the wind, the change quantity delta V1 of the measurable electric signals is small, and the delta V2 is large.
(2) Similarly, when wind blows from the direction 1 → 2, the wind blows through the first hot wire probes 1 and 2 in the axial direction, the contact area between the probes 1 and 2 and the wind is small, so that the heat dissipation is relatively small, the temperature reduction is small, and the caused variation quantities delta V1 and delta V2 of the measurable electric signals are small. Wind radially blows through the first hot wire probes 3 and 4, the contact areas of the probes 3 and 4 and the wind are large, so that the heat loss is relatively large, the temperature reduction is large, but the probe 4 is equivalent to leeward, so that the change quantity delta V3 of the measurable electric signals caused by the wind is large, and the delta V4 is small.
(3) By comparing the relative magnitude relationship of Δ V1, Δ V2, Δ V3 and Δ V4, the wind direction can be determined. For example, in the measurement error range Δ V1 ═ Δ V2 < Δ V3, the wind direction is 1 → 2; Δ V1 ═ Δ V2 < Δ V4, and the wind direction was 2 → 1.
(4) When wind blows from (1-3) to (2-4) (oblique blowing, one quadrant to two quadrants), it can be seen from fig. 5 that Δ V1, Δ V4 are small, and Δ V2, Δ V3 are relatively large. If the delta V3 is larger than the delta V2, the wind direction is smaller than 45 degrees (the angle is the included angle between the wind and the first hot wire probe 1); if the delta V2 is larger than the delta V3, the wind direction is larger than 45 degrees. The angle of the wind direction can be accurately determined through calculation according to the measured value.
(5) When wind blows from (2-4) to (1-3), it is clear from fig. 5 that Δ V1 and Δ V4 are large, and Δ V2 and Δ V3 are relatively small. If the delta V1 is more than the delta V4, the wind direction is more than 225 degrees; if the delta V4 is larger than the delta V1, the wind direction is less than 225 degrees. The angle of the wind direction can be accurately determined through calculation according to the measured value.
(6) The measurement of the remaining wind directions can be deduced by the above algorithm. By adopting the structure, the angle of the wind direction can be accurately measured.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A hot wire wind speed and direction velocimeter comprises a measuring device, an electric bridge (3), a signal converter (4), a power supply (5) and a microcomputer (6), and is characterized in that the measuring device comprises a wind direction measuring part (1) and a wind speed measuring part (2), the wind direction measuring part (1) comprises an installation rack (11) and four first hot wire probes (13) arranged on the installation rack (11), the installation rack (11) is in a cross-shaped structure, and a fixed seat (12) is arranged at the center of the installation rack (11); the tail ends of the periphery of the mounting frame (11) are respectively provided with the first hot wire probe (13), the first hot wire probe (13) is of a hollow cuboid structure, the left end and the right end of the first hot wire probe (13) are respectively provided with the conductive connectors (131), the two conductive connectors (131) are respectively connected with the electric bridge (3), a hot wire resistance wire (132) is transversely arranged in the first hot wire probe (13), the two ends of the hot wire resistance wire (132) are respectively connected with the two conductive connectors (131), one end surface of the first hot wire probe (13) is provided with the air inlet end (133), the other end surface is a closed end (134), and air outlets (135) are formed in the two side surfaces of the first hot wire probe (13), so that air enters the inner cavity of the first hot wire probe (13) from the air inlet end (133) and is discharged from the air outlets (135) on the two sides after being contacted with the hot wire resistance wire (132); the wind speed measuring part (2) comprises a mounting rod (21), one end of the mounting rod (21) is vertically arranged at the center of one side of the fixed seat (12), the other end of the mounting rod (21) is provided with a second hot wire probe (23), and the second hot wire probe (23) is different from the first hot wire probe (13) in that the end, opposite to the air inlet end (133), of the second hot wire probe (23) is an opening end (231); the power supply (5) is used for supplying power to the first hot wire probe (13) and the second hot wire probe (23), the first hot wire probe (13) and the second hot wire probe (23) are connected with an analog signal port of the signal converter (4) through the electric bridge (3), and the signal converter (4) is connected with the microcomputer (6).
2. A hot-wire anemometer according to claim 1, characterized in that said inlet end (133) is formed by an arrangement of holes.
3. The hot-wire anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the first hot-wire probes (13) are installed around the mounting frame (11) in the same direction and position.
4. Hot-wire anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the holder (12) is of cylindrical configuration.
5. A hot-wire anemometer according to claim 4, characterized in that the mounting rod (21) is provided at one end with a rotary holder (22), said rotary holder (22) being rotatably arranged in the center of one side of the fixed holder (12).
6. The hot-wire anemometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the first hot-wire probes (13) are fixed to the peripheral ends of the mounting frame (11) by gluing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121969676.3U CN216082808U (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2021-08-20 | Hot-wire anemometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121969676.3U CN216082808U (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2021-08-20 | Hot-wire anemometer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN216082808U true CN216082808U (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121969676.3U Expired - Fee Related CN216082808U (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2021-08-20 | Hot-wire anemometer |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN216082808U (en) |
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2021
- 2021-08-20 CN CN202121969676.3U patent/CN216082808U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Granted publication date: 20220318 |