CN215900453U - Sterilization or disinfection system - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to sterilization or disinfection systems. A sterilization system includes a chamber for receiving an object to be sterilized, the chamber including a front side, a back side, opposing first and second side surfaces, a top surface, and a bottom surface. The UV device comprises (at least) two pairs of linear UV sources, both parallel to the top/bottom surface. The first pair is at the side face and the second pair is at the front face and the back face. One or both of the front and back linear UV sources are at the top or bottom side, and thus at the intersection of the front or back and the top or bottom surface. The first pair of linear UV sources is thus perpendicular to the second pair. This has been found to improve the uniformity of illumination and thus allow the number of UV sources to be kept to a minimum for a given chamber size, and also to reduce the time consumption for sterilization.

Description

Sterilization or disinfection system

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a sterilization or disinfection system that sterilizes or disinfects an object using UV radiation.

Background

Microbial contamination is a global concern for many industries, particularly in the healthcare industry.

Many infectious diseases are transmitted by contact with contaminated areas. The types and severity of infectious diseases transmitted in this manner vary. For example, both viral and bacterial diseases can be transmitted by physical contact with the surface on which the infectious agent resides.

With the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic virus, the worldwide awareness and concern about this infectious disease is increasing.

Sterilization chambers are known that utilize UV radiation, such as UV-C radiation, to provide sterilization of surfaces of individual objects or even larger areas (such as a workspace).

One problem with adapting the device to the consumer is the cost of the device and the cost of operating the device in terms of energy usage, especially if the device is to be used for daily disinfection. It is therefore necessary to limit the number of UV sources required. This can be achieved by improving the uniformity of the UV irradiation.

In particular, UV-C disinfection has the following requirements: all of the treated surfaces need to be directly irradiated in order to achieve a good disinfection effect. The minimum surface irradiation level determines the quality of the sterilization and the time required to meet the dose requirements.

One known chamber design utilizes four tubular UV lamps, each of which is parallel and extends from the front to the back at four corners (when viewed from the front of the chamber) within the chamber. One problem with this arrangement is that the front and back sides of the object within the chamber are not subjected to sufficient UV radiation, so that the treatment duration needs to be extended to ensure proper illumination of all surfaces.

There is a need for an improved design of a sterilization chamber and its UV source.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present disclosure addresses at least some of the above-mentioned deficiencies.

According to various examples of an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a sterilization or disinfection system comprising: a chamber for receiving an object, each interior surface of the chamber including a front surface, a back surface, opposing first and second side surfaces connecting the front and back surfaces, a top surface, and a bottom surface; a UV device within the chamber for delivering UV radiation, wherein the UV device comprises a plurality of linear UV sources, each linear UV source having an axis along its elongated direction, comprising: a first pair of linear UV sources comprising a first UV source at the first side and a second UV source at the second side, wherein an axis of each linear UV source of the first pair of linear UV sources is parallel to the floor; and a second pair of linear UV sources comprising a third UV source and a fourth UV source, wherein at least one UV source of the third UV source and the fourth UV source is at a top or bottom side of the back or front face, and thus at an intersection of the back or front face and the top or bottom face, wherein an axis of each linear UV source of the second pair of linear UV sources is parallel to the bottom face, wherein an axis of the first pair of linear UV sources is perpendicular to an axis of the second pair of linear UV sources.

In some embodiments, both the third UV source and the fourth UV source are at the top or bottom side of the back or front face, and thus at the intersection of the front or back face and the top or bottom face.

In some embodiments, a first UV source is mounted at the intersection between the top surface and the first side surface, and a second UV source is mounted at the intersection between the top surface and the second side surface.

In some embodiments, a third UV source is mounted at the intersection between the back surface and the bottom surface, and a fourth UV source (30) is mounted at the intersection between the front surface and the bottom surface.

In some embodiments, a first UV source is mounted at the intersection between the bottom surface and the first side surface, and a second UV source is mounted at the intersection between the bottom surface and the second side surface.

In some embodiments, a third UV source is mounted at the intersection between the back surface and the top surface, and a fourth UV source is mounted at the intersection between the front surface and the top surface.

In some embodiments, the first UV source is mounted at an intermediate region of the first side between the top and bottom surfaces, and the second UV source is mounted at an intermediate region of the second side between the top and bottom surfaces.

In some embodiments, a third UV source is mounted at the intersection between the back surface and the bottom surface, and a fourth UV source is mounted at the intersection between the front surface and the top surface.

In some embodiments, a system comprises: an access door at the front face of the chamber; or an access door at the front of the chamber and an access door at the back of the chamber.

In some embodiments, the system includes a support tray that is mounted at a height that is a fraction of the height of the chamber.

In some embodiments, the system includes at least a first support tray and a second support tray mounted within the chamber.

In some embodiments, the support tray is formed from quartz glass.

In some embodiments, a UV device is used to deliver UV-C radiation.

In some embodiments, each linear UV source comprises a linear array of UV LEDs or UV tubular lamps.

In some embodiments, the inner surface of the chamber comprises a UV reflective layer.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, illumination uniformity is improved and thereby allowing the number of UV sources to be kept to a minimum for a given chamber size, and also time consumption for sterilization can be reduced.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the present disclosure, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which:

fig. 1 shows one known example of a sterilization chamber;

fig. 2 shows a first example of a sterilization chamber according to the present disclosure;

fig. 3 shows a second example of a sterilization chamber according to the present disclosure;

fig. 4 shows a third example of a sterilization chamber according to the present disclosure;

fig. 5 shows a fourth example of a sterilization chamber according to the present disclosure; and

fig. 6 illustrates a fifth example of a sterilization chamber according to the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

According to an example of one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a sterilization or disinfection system comprising:

a chamber for receiving an object, an interior surface of the chamber including a front side, a back side, opposing first and second side surfaces connecting the front and back sides, a top surface, and a bottom surface;

a UV device within the chamber for delivering UV radiation, wherein the UV device comprises a plurality of linear UV sources, each linear UV source having an axis along its elongated direction, comprising:

a first pair of linear UV sources including a first UV source at the first side and a second UV source at the second side, wherein an axis of each linear UV source of the first pair of linear UV sources is parallel to the floor; and

a second pair of linear UV sources comprising a third UV source (28) and a fourth UV source (30), wherein at least one of the third UV source and the fourth UV source is at a top or bottom side of the back or front face, and thus at an intersection of the back or front face and the top or bottom face, wherein an axis of each of the second pair of linear UV sources is parallel to the bottom face, wherein an axis of the first pair of linear UV sources is perpendicular to an axis of the second pair of linear UV sources.

The system utilizes (at least) four UV sources, one on each side, one on the front and one on the back. At least one of the front and back UV sources is at the top or bottom side, e.g., such that the UV source is not mounted on a door at the front of the chamber.

Mounted at a "at" face means mounted or coupled directly against the face in question but possibly spaced from the face's surface. Each face of the chamber has an overall surface area and it terminates where the face joins another face, for example where the side joins the top face. Mounting "at" a given face of a chamber is intended to include mounting along an intersecting edge that joins that face and another adjacent face. Thus, a mounting at the intersection edge between a side surface and a top surface may be considered to be "at" both the side surface and the top surface.

For convenience, the front, back, first and second sides, top and bottom surfaces will be referred to hereinafter simply as the front, back, first and second sides, top and bottom surfaces of the chamber.

The UV source is positioned to obtain the most uniform irradiation possible of the object to be sterilized. This is achieved by forming the four UV sources as linear (strip-like or tubular) elements parallel to the bottom surface (and thus also parallel to the top surface) of the chamber. By selecting the height of the UV source (i.e., the location between the top and bottom surfaces), the desired uniformity of illumination is achieved. There are at least two pairs of UV sources, one pair perpendicular to the other, and one or both of the front-to-back pairs intersecting the top or bottom surface. Uniform irradiation means that a minimum dose can be achieved with reduced expenditure of sterilisation time compared to prior arrangements.

Preferably, the third UV source and the fourth UV source are both at the top or bottom side of the back or front face, and thus at the intersection of the front or back face and the top or bottom face.

In one example, there is no additional UV source. The use of only (and exactly) four UV sources provides a low power and low cost system, for example suitable for small and medium chamber.

However, additional pairs of UV sources may be used in larger chambers. In particular, the additional UV source may be mounted such that there are multiple pairs at different heights of the first side and the second side. This enables the formation of a vertical support. Thus, the chamber may be scaled to different sizes.

Each UV source may comprise a single radiation emitting element, but it may alternatively comprise a plurality of emitting elements, but the plurality of emitting elements are positioned along a shared linear position such that the radiation emitting area may be approximated as a linear line of illumination.

In one example, a first UV source is mounted at an intersection between the top surface and the first side, and a second UV source is mounted at an intersection between the top surface and the second side.

Thus, in this example, a pair of opposing UV sources are at the top of the respective sides. In this case, the other pair of UV sources is, for example, at the bottom of the front and back sides. Thus, a third UV source may then be mounted at the intersection between the back surface and the bottom surface, and a fourth UV source may be mounted at the intersection between the front surface and the bottom surface.

Thus, all four linear UV sources are mounted at the edges of the chamber, one pair at the top surface and one pair at the bottom surface.

In a second example, a first UV source is mounted at the intersection between the bottom surface and the first side, and a second UV source is mounted at the intersection between the bottom surface and the second side.

Thus, in this example, a pair of opposing UV sources are at the bottom of the respective sides. In this case, the other pair of UV sources is, for example, at the top of the front and back sides. Thus, a third UV source may then be mounted at the intersection between the back side and the top side, and a fourth UV source may be mounted at the intersection between the front side and the top side.

Thus, all four linear UV sources are again mounted at the edges of the chamber, one pair at the top surface and one pair at the bottom surface.

In a third example, the first UV source is mounted at an intermediate region of the first side between the top and bottom surfaces, and the second UV source is mounted at an intermediate region of the second side between the top and bottom surfaces.

Thus, in this example, a pair of opposing UV sources span the middle (in height) of the respective sides. In this case, the other pair of UV sources may have one UV source at the top of the front and back surfaces and one UV source at the bottom of the front and back surfaces. For example, a third UV source may then be mounted at the intersection between the back side and the bottom side, and a fourth UV source may be mounted at the intersection between the front side and the top side.

In all examples, the system may include:

an access door at a front face of the chamber; or

A first access door at a front side of the chamber and a second access door at a back side of the chamber.

The use of two access doors reduces the risk of contamination.

The chamber has, for example, an interior in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

The system preferably comprises a support tray partially mounted at the level of the chamber. The support tray supports the object in an area of the chamber designed to achieve uniform illumination. Thus, the support tray is at a position corresponding to the bottom surface of the intended processing volume.

There may be at least a first support tray and a second support tray mounted within the chamber. The larger chamber may have more than two support trays. As an example, the upper support tray may be mounted substantially at the level of the first and second UV sources when the first and second UV sources are mounted across the middle region of the respective sides of the chamber.

There may also be multiple pairs of UV sources, with one pair at each side of the support tray. Thus, by adding a pair of UV sources for each additional support tray, the chamber can be scaled in the vertical direction.

There may also be a plurality of support trays in the side-to-side direction. In addition to UV sources mounted at the sides of the chamber, the support trays may then include UV sources therebetween (e.g., extending in a front-to-back direction).

The or each support tray may be formed from quartz glass. This may be transparent to UV radiation so that the tray does not affect the sterilization performance.

UV devices are used, for example, to deliver UV-C radiation. This is known to have desirable antimicrobial properties.

For example, each linear UV source comprises a linear array of UV LEDs or UV tubular lamps. The inner surface of the chamber preferably includes a UV reflective layer to improve efficiency.

These and other aspects of the disclosure will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

The present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the devices, systems, and methods, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the apparatus, systems, and methods of the present disclosure will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale. It should also be understood that the same reference numerals are used throughout the figures to indicate the same or similar parts.

The present disclosure provides a sterilization or disinfection system including a chamber for receiving an object to be sterilized, the chamber including a front side, a back side, opposing first and second side, a top side, and a bottom side. The UV device comprises (at least) two pairs of linear UV sources, both pairs being parallel to the top/bottom surface. The first pair is at the side face and the second pair is at the front face and the back face. One or both of the front and back linear UV sources are at the top or bottom, and thus at the intersection of the front or back and the top or bottom surface. The first pair of linear UV sources is thus perpendicular to the second pair. This has been found to improve the uniformity of illumination, allowing the number of UV sources to be kept to a minimum for a given chamber size, and also to reduce the time consumption for sterilization.

This has been found to improve the illumination uniformity, allowing the number of UV sources to be kept to a minimum for a given chamber size.

Fig. 1 shows one known design of a sterilization chamber.

The chamber 1 includes a set of interior surfaces including a front surface 10, a back surface 12, a first side surface 14, an opposing second side surface 16 (the side surface connecting the front and back surfaces), a top surface 18, and a bottom surface 20. The chamber has a cuboid interior, for example a cubic interior.

An access door 22 is provided in the front face.

A UV device is provided within the chamber for delivering UV radiation. The UV device includes four linear UV sources, each UV source being parallel to each other and to the top/bottom surface. The UV source extends in the front-back direction at four corners (when facing the front).

Fig. 2 shows a first example of a sterilization chamber according to the present disclosure.

The chamber again includes a set of interior surfaces that will be referred to simply as a front surface 10, a back surface 12, a first side surface 14, an opposing second side surface 16 (the side surface connecting the front and back surfaces), a top surface 18, and a bottom surface 20. These inner surfaces comprise, for example, a UV-reflecting layer, for example formed of aluminum.

The door 22 is provided in the front face.

A UV device is provided within the chamber for delivering UV radiation. The UV device includes a first pair of linear UV sources parallel to the bottom surface 20 (i.e., horizontal in normal use), including a first UV source 24 at a first side and a second UV source 26 at a second side.

Each UV source has an elongated radiation emitting area extending in a width direction of the associated chamber surface. For example, each UV source extends along a length that is 70% or at least 80% of the width of the surface. For example, the first and second UV sources 24, 26 in the example of fig. 2 have a length that is at least 70% of the depth of the chamber, and the third and fourth UV sources 28, 30 have a length that is at least 70% of the width of the chamber.

A first UV source 24 is mounted at the intersection between the top surface and the first side 14 (thus at the top side of the first side) and a second UV source 26 is mounted at the intersection between the top surface and the second side 16 (thus at the top side of the second side).

The second pair of linear UV sources, also parallel to the bottom surface (and therefore also horizontal in normal use), comprises a third UV source 28 at the bottom side of the back surface (and therefore at the intersection of the back surface and the bottom surface) and a fourth UV source 30 at the bottom side of the front surface (and therefore at the intersection of the front surface and the bottom surface).

The pair of linear UV sources 24, 26 is perpendicular to the second pair of linear UV sources 28, 30.

Each of the linear UV sources has an axis (not shown in the figure) along its elongate direction. For clarity, the phrases "parallel" and "perpendicular" in this application refer to the relationship between these axes.

In this example, the system has exactly four UV sources, one on each side (top left and top right), one at the front (front bottom), and one at the back (back bottom). All four linear UV sources are mounted at the edge of the chamber with one pair at the top surface and one pair at the bottom surface.

Each UV source may be mounted directly against an inner surface of the respective inner surfaces of the chamber, but it may alternatively be spaced outwardly from the surface.

The UV source may be positioned to obtain uniform irradiation of the object to be sterilized.

Within the chamber, a processing volume is present. The treatment volume is smaller than the chamber itself, so the object to be treated should be spaced from the chamber walls to make the UV radiation more uniform before irradiating the surface of the object. The treatment volume is shown as region 32. For example, the UV source has a length approximately equal to the width of the associated side of the processing volume.

The region 32 comprises a cuboid having a front face, a back face, side faces, a top face and a bottom face.

The system has a support tray 34 partially mounted at the level of the chamber. In particular, the tray is at a height corresponding to the bottom surface of the processing volume (i.e., region 32). The tray is designed to ensure that the objects to be sterilized are positioned at a suitable distance from the UV source in order to control the uniformity of the illumination.

The third and fourth UV sources 28, 30 may be mounted below the support tray (as shown), but they may alternatively be at the same level of the support tray or just above the support tray.

The illumination intensity across each of the surfaces of the processing volume has been modeled based on the particular chamber size and UV source design.

For the known design and two-digit significand of fig. 1, the resulting minimum and average illumination levels on each face of the treatment volume are shown in the following table:

for the design of FIG. 2:

since the minimum dose is significantly increased because a more uniform irradiation is achieved by the design of fig. 2, the time consumption for sterilization is reduced compared to the prior art of fig. 1.

In fig. 3 to 5, the access door and the process volume are not shown in order to simplify the drawings.

Fig. 3 shows a second example, in which a first UV source 24 is mounted at the intersection between the bottom surface and the first side surface 14, and a second UV source 26 is mounted at the intersection between the bottom surface and the second side surface 16. Thus, the first pair of UV sources is at the bottom of the respective side.

A third UV source 28 is mounted at the intersection between the back and top surfaces and a fourth UV source 30 is mounted at the intersection between the front and top surfaces.

Likewise, all four linear UV sources are mounted at the edges of the chamber, one pair at the top surface and one pair at the bottom surface.

For the design of FIG. 3:

fig. 4 shows a third example, in which the first UV source 24 is mounted at an intermediate region of the first side face 14 between the top face and the bottom face, for example between 40% and 60% over the height of the side face. The second UV source 26 is mounted at the second side 16 in an intermediate region between the top and bottom surfaces at the same height as the first UV source 24.

Thus, the first pair of UV sources spans the middle (in height) of the respective sides.

A third UV source 28 is mounted at the intersection between the back and bottom surfaces and a fourth UV source 30 is mounted at the intersection between the front and top surfaces.

For the design of FIG. 4:

fig. 5 shows an arrangement based on the configuration of the UV source of fig. 4, however with first and second support trays 34a, 34b mounted within the chamber.

The larger chamber may have more than two support trays. In this example, the upper support tray 34b is mounted at about the level of the first and second UV sources 24, 26. The first UV source and the second UV source may be just below the upper tray 34b as shown, or just above it.

Then there are two treatment volumes; an upper processing volume above the upper support tray 34b and a lower processing volume above the lower support tray 34 a.

For the design of FIG. 4:

upper treatment volume

Lower treatment volume

These results show how placement of the UV source affects uniformity and how more uniform illumination is achieved based on smaller differences between the minimum and average illumination levels. As the above results show, the minimum irradiation as well as the average irradiation can be improved.

Figure 6 shows that additional UV source pairs can be used in a larger chamber. In particular, the additional UV sources may be mounted so that there are multiple pairs at different heights on the first and second sides. This enables the formation of a vertical support. Thus, the chamber may be scaled to different sizes.

Fig. 6 has three support trays 34a, 34b, 34 c. Compared to the arrangement of fig. 3 to 5, a pair of additional UV sources 60, 62 is added.

There are now two pairs of UV sources at the sides, one pair at each side of the support tray (except for the bottom support tray). Thus, by adding a pair of UV sources for each additional support tray, the chamber can be scaled in the vertical direction. Thus, this example has exactly six UV sources.

There may also be a plurality of support trays in the side-to-side direction. In addition to UV sources mounted to the sides of the chamber, the support tray may in turn include a UV source therebetween (e.g., extending in a front-to-back direction).

Fig. 6 also shows that there may be an access door 22a on the front side and an access door 22b on the back side. This can reduce contamination by having one door for pre-sterilization and one door for post-sterilization.

Each UV source may comprise a single radiation emitting element, but it may alternatively comprise a plurality of radiation emitting elements, but positioned along a desired linear path such that the radiation emitting area may be approximated as a linear line of illumination. Each UV source may be a tubular lamp, or a linear array of UV LEDs, or a point UV source and reflector arrangement to convert a point source radiation output to a linear output.

The support tray is formed, for example, from stainless steel wire and preferably from quartz glass which is transparent to UV radiation.

UV radiation, for example in the wavelength range of 200nm to 400nm, is known to have the required disinfecting or sterilizing properties. For example, UV-C radiation at wavelengths of about 200nm to 280nm is known for this purpose. The UV radiation source may comprise a mercury vapor bulb or tube, a xenon bulb or tube, an excimer bulb or tube, or a Light Emitting Diode (LED).

The system may be used to disinfect objects to different levels, e.g. for cleaning, low level disinfection, high level disinfection or sterilization, based on radiation intensity and duration of irradiation.

The UV source may have a partial reflector for redirecting emitted radiation away from the treatment volume, such as a curved reflective back surface. This can also be used as a complement to the reflective inner walls of the chamber.

Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed disclosure, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, a single instance of "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.

The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

If the term "adapted" is used in the claims or the description, it should be noted that the term "adapted" is intended to be equivalent to the term "configured to".

Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims (15)

1. A sterilization or disinfection system, comprising:

a chamber (1) for receiving objects, each interior surface of the chamber comprising a front face, a rear face (12), opposed first and second side faces (14, 16) connecting the front and rear faces, a top face (18) and a bottom face (20);

a UV device within the chamber for delivering UV radiation, wherein the UV device comprises a plurality of linear UV sources, each linear UV source having an axis along its elongated direction, comprising:

a first pair of linear UV sources including a first UV source (24) at the first side and a second UV source (26) at the second side, wherein the axis of each linear UV source of the first pair of linear UV sources is parallel to the floor; and

a second pair of linear UV sources comprising a third UV source (28) and a fourth UV source (30), wherein at least one of the third UV source and the fourth UV source is at a top or bottom side of the back or front face, and thus at an intersection of the back or front face and the top or bottom face, wherein the axis of each linear UV source of the second pair is parallel to the bottom face, wherein the axis of the first pair is perpendicular to the axis of the second pair.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein both the third UV source (28) and the fourth UV source (30) are at the top side or the bottom side of the back face or the front face, and thus at the intersection of the front face or the back face and the top face or the bottom face.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first UV source (24) is mounted at an intersection between the top surface and the first side surface, and the second UV source (26) is mounted at an intersection between the top surface and the second side surface.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the third UV source (28) is mounted at the intersection between the back surface and the bottom surface, and the fourth UV source (30) is mounted at the intersection between the front surface and the bottom surface.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first UV source (24) is mounted at an intersection between the floor and the first side, and the second UV source (26) is mounted at an intersection between the floor and the second side.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the third UV source (28) is mounted at the intersection between the back side and the top side, and the fourth UV source (30) is mounted at the intersection between the front side and the top side.

7. The system of claim 2, wherein the first UV source (24) is mounted at an intermediate region of the first side between the top and bottom surfaces, and the second UV source (26) is mounted at an intermediate region of the second side between the top and bottom surfaces.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the third UV source (28) is mounted at the intersection between the back surface and the bottom surface, and the fourth UV source (30) is mounted at the intersection between the front surface and the top surface.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:

an access door (22) at the chamber front face; or

An access door (22a) at the front of the chamber and an access door (22b) at the back of the chamber.

10. System according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising a support tray (34), the mounting height of said support tray (34) being a fraction of the height of said chamber.

11. The system of claim 10, comprising at least first (34a) and second (34b, 34c) support trays mounted within the chamber.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the support tray is formed of quartz glass.

13. The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the UV device is for delivering UV-C radiation.

14. The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each linear UV source comprises a linear array of UV LEDs or UV tubular lamps.

15. The system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the inner surface of the chamber comprises a UV reflective layer.

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