CN215345927U

CN215345927U - Spiral pressing rod type apple batch harvester

Info

Publication number: CN215345927U
Application number: CN202120658625.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵友亮; 赵龙; 李沛; 李港
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2021-03-31
Filing date: 2021-03-31
Publication date: 2021-12-31
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-31

Abstract

The utility model discloses a spiral compression bar type apple batch harvester which comprises a rack, three picking tables, a spiral compression bar telescopic driving device, a lifting mechanism and a fruit collecting barrel, wherein the three picking tables are arranged on the rack; the three picking platforms are respectively hinged to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the rack, the spiral pressure rod telescopic driving device is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms, the lifting mechanism is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms, and the fruit collecting barrel is connected to the back of the three picking platforms; the wide-row close planting apple tree matched with the machine comprises tree body characteristics and cultivation characteristics; the spiral press rod type apple batch harvester and the matched 'Feng' shaped apple tree body enable the machine to stably complete picking, fruit conveying and fruit collecting operations of apples in a continuous walking process.

Description

Spiral pressing rod type apple batch harvester

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a spiral pressing rod type apple batch harvester.

Background

Harvesting is a key operation link in production management of apple orchards, and the operation quality, cost and efficiency have very important influence on the quality of harvested fruits, the yield of excellent fruits, the subsequent storage and transportation, processing and the production benefits of the whole industrial chain, especially the planting benefits of fruit growers. Manual harvesting, including manual harvesting with the aid of an auxiliary tool platform, is inefficient and labor demanding. The suitable harvesting operation time of the apples of various varieties cultivated in a large area is short and relatively concentrated, generally about two days to one week, and manual harvesting needs a large amount of labor-intensive operation to guarantee. The status of the first major country of apple production in China is based on the traditional manual harvesting operation, and with the massive transfer of rural labor to the second and third industries, the labor and labor are seriously short and the cost is increased during apple harvesting, and the good fruit rate is reduced due to time delay, so that the planting benefit of fruit growers is further influenced.

Apples with crisp and tender texture are not suitable for vibratory batch harvesting because of being easy to damage; the selective picking with an auxiliary platform or a ladder as a tool cannot fundamentally solve the dependence of apple picking operation on a large amount of labor force requirements; the technical research of realizing the selective picking of the single apples by utilizing the anthropomorphic robot has the advantages that the apple trees are different, the fruit leaves are mixed, the branches and the fruits are randomly distributed, the colors, the shapes and the sizes of the fruits are different, the standardized industrial environment is different, no specific operation station exists, the practical research of the mechanical picking equipment of the anthropomorphic robot for the apples is slow in progress, the mechanical picking equipment is still in a test research and development stage at present, the mechanical picking function of the single apples is only researched, and the research of realizing the continuous and efficient picking of the apples one by one under the non-structured environment of an orchard is not shown. Aiming at the urgent need of mechanical harvesting for apple production and harvesting at present and the current research and application situation of the mechanical harvesting technology and equipment for apples, in order to realize high-efficiency low-loss mechanical harvesting of apples, the utility model provides a spiral press rod type apple batch harvester from the perspective of agricultural technology and agricultural machinery integration, and the machine is matched with a wide-row close-planting cultivation apple tree in a shape like a Chinese character feng.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a spiral press rod type apple batch harvester which is matched with a wide-row close-planting cultivated Feng-shaped apple tree.

The wide-row close-planted apple tree with the shape like the Chinese character feng is characterized in that: the tree body structure of the apple tree in the shape of Chinese character Feng is similar to the shape structure of Chinese character Feng, and the branch distribution is very regular. The height of the tree body is 200-250 cm, the height of the trunk is 50-70 cm, the distance between the upper branch and the lower branch on the same side is about 60cm, the distance between the branches on the opposite side is 10-15 cm, and the length of the branches is 80-100 cm.

The wide-row close planting feng-shaped apple tree is characterized in that: the cultivation row direction of the apple tree shaped like the Chinese character feng is perpendicular to the branch direction of the apple tree, the cultivation row spacing is 300cm, the plant spacing is 70-100 cm, and the cultivation density is 222-380 plants/mu.

The utility model provides a spiral compression bar type apple batch harvester which comprises a rack, three picking tables, a spiral compression bar telescopic driving device, a lifting mechanism and a fruit collecting barrel, wherein the three picking tables are arranged on the rack;

the three picking platforms are respectively hinged to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the rack, the spiral pressure rod telescopic driving device is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms, the lifting mechanism is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms, and the fruit collecting barrel is connected to the back of the three picking platforms;

further, the rack comprises a rack frame body, a rack bottom plate, a vehicle plate and four traveling wheels;

the frame body is fixed on the frame bottom plate, the frame bottom plate is installed on the vehicle plate, and the four traveling wheels are hinged under the vehicle plate.

Furthermore, each picking table comprises a picking table top plate, a picking table bottom plate, a baffle plate, a fruit conveying belt, a screw press rod transmission mechanism, three screw press rods, a corrugated fruit collecting plate and a stepping motor;

picking a roof board with pick a bottom plate all with elevating system articulates, the right side of corrugated collection fruit board articulates on picking a bottom plate, the baffle is fixed pick a roof board with pick between the bottom plate, defeated fruit area is installed the right downside of baffle, screw rod drive mechanism fixes the right side of baffle, and with screw rod telescopic drive device articulates, each screw rod with screw rod drive mechanism articulates, step motor with screw rod drive mechanism connects.

During picking operation, the apple is taken off under the limiting action and the rotating action of the spiral pressure rod.

Three spiral depression bar below sets up one corrugated shape collection fruit board, corrugated shape collection fruit board surface is the flute form, has ridge shape to separate the strip between each row, reduces the apple collision, and there is the high wall both sides, prevents that the apple from rolling from the side, has a row of door frame on the baffle, makes the apple keep the queue.

The two sides of the fruit conveying belt are provided with guide walls with the height of 80cm and the distance of 120cm, so that apples are orderly conveyed to the fruit inlet position of the fruit collecting barrel and enter the fruit collecting barrel.

Further, the spiral pressure bar telescopic driving device comprises a telescopic cylinder, a telescopic beam, two telescopic push rods, three groups of telescopic sliding sleeves and three groups of telescopic sliding rods;

the telescopic cylinder is fixed on the uppermost part of the frame body, the two telescopic push rods are respectively and vertically installed on two sides of the frame body, the telescopic beam is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two telescopic push rods and hinged to the telescopic cylinder, the three groups of telescopic slide rods are respectively and horizontally installed on the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the frame body, each group of telescopic slide rods is hinged to one group of telescopic sliding sleeves, and each group of telescopic sliding sleeves is hinged to the spiral pressure rod transmission mechanism.

During harvesting operation, the three spiral pressure rods of each picking platform can move left and right on each group of telescopic slide rods through the spiral pressure rod transmission mechanisms connected with the spiral pressure rods.

Further, the lifting mechanism comprises four lifting slide bars, four groups of lifting sliding sleeves and three fork type lifting devices;

the four lifting slide bars are vertically fixed on the frame body, and are hinged with the picking table top plate and the picking table bottom plate; each group of the lifting sliding sleeves is hinged with one lifting sliding rod, and each fork type lifting device is correspondingly arranged below one picking platform.

During harvesting, according to the height of the apple tree branches, the three picking platforms can move up and down on the four lifting slide rods, and the harvesting working height is adjusted.

Further, the fruit collecting barrels are arranged on the rear sides of the three picking platforms, and the fruit conveying openings of the fruit conveying belts are opposite to the fruit inlet openings of the fruit collecting barrels;

the fruit collecting barrel is in a layered cylindrical shape and is driven in the collecting process to disperse the apples.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1. starting from two aspects of the mechanical picking adaptability research of the apple tree body and the cultivation mode and the innovation of the apple mechanized picking method, the apple tree body and the matched picking operation machine tool suitable for mechanical picking are innovatively designed by realizing the scientific integration of the agricultural technology of apple mechanized picking and the agricultural technology for carrying out cultivation management in an apple orchard. Creates conditions for high quality and high yield of apples and has the potential of mechanized and continuous harvesting of apples.

2. The distribution of the apple tree body and branches can completely meet the working requirements of the spiral pressure bar type apple batch harvester, the position of the spiral pressure bar does not need to be accurately adjusted, and the apple tree has good adaptability.

3. The continuous walking process of the spiral press rod type apple batch harvester can stably complete the operations of picking, conveying and collecting the apples. The degree of mechanization is high, alleviates intensity of labour, promotes productivity by a wide margin.

3. When the spiral pressure bar apple batch harvester operates, the flexible spiral pressure bar is in direct contact with apples, so that the link of vibration energy transmission is reduced, the efficiency is improved, the power consumption is reduced, the efficiency is improved, and the fruit damage rate is reduced.

4. During picking operation, the rotating speed of the spiral pressure lever and the material of the flexible spiral brush head on the surface of the spiral pressure lever can be changed to adapt to different varieties of apples, so that the damage to the apples is reduced, and the quality of harvested apples is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the utility model and not to limit the utility model.

Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of a spiral pressing rod type apple batch harvester.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the tree body characteristics and cultivation characteristics of the Feng-shaped apple tree according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spiral press rod type apple batch harvester for harvesting apples when the machine advances between rows of a wide-row close-planting cultivation Feng-shaped apple tree orchard.

In fig. 1, 2: 1. a traveling wheel; 2. a picking platform; 3. a corrugated collection sheet; 4. a screw press rod; 5. a baffle plate; 6. a frame; 7. a telescopic beam; 8. a spiral compression bar telescopic driving device; 9. lifting the sliding sleeve; 10. lifting the sliding rod; 11. a telescopic cylinder; 12. a top plate of the picking platform; 13. a telescopic push rod; 14. a frame body; 15. A screw press rod rotating mechanism; 16. a telescopic slide bar; 17. a telescopic sliding sleeve; 18. a picking platform bottom plate; 19. a fruit conveying belt; 20. a lifting mechanism; 21. a fruit collection barrel; 22. a chassis base plate; 23. turning a plate; 24. a stepper motor 25, a fork lift.

In fig. 3: 26. a first apple tree in a first row; 27. a second row of the first apple tree; 28. a second apple tree in the second row;

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the structural schematic diagram of the present invention is a screw press rod type apple batch harvester, which comprises a frame 6, three picking platforms 2, a screw press rod telescopic driving device 8, a lifting mechanism 20 and a fruit collecting barrel 21;

the three picking platforms 2 are respectively hinged to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the frame 6, the spiral pressure rod telescopic driving device 8 is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms 2, the lifting mechanism 20 is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms 2, and the fruit collecting barrel 21 is connected to the back of the three picking platforms 2;

further, the rack 6 comprises a rack frame 14, a rack bottom plate 22, a vehicle plate 23 and four traveling wheels 1;

the frame body 14 is fixed on the frame bottom plate 22, the frame bottom plate 22 is installed on the vehicle plate 23, and the four traveling wheels 1 are hinged under the vehicle plate 23.

Furthermore, each picking table 2 comprises a picking table top plate 12, a picking table bottom plate 18, a baffle plate 5, a fruit conveying belt 19, a spiral pressure rod transmission mechanism 15, three spiral pressure rods 4, a corrugated fruit collecting plate 3 and a stepping motor 24;

picking bench top board 12 with picking bench bottom board 18 all with elevating system 20 articulates, the right side of flute shape collection fruit board 3 articulates on picking bench bottom board 18, baffle 5 is fixed picking bench top board 12 with between the picking bench bottom board 18, defeated fruit area 19 is installed the right downside of baffle 5, screw rod drive mechanism 15 is fixed the right flank of baffle 5, and with screw rod telescopic drive device 8 articulates, each screw rod 4 with screw rod drive mechanism 15 articulates, step motor 24 with screw rod drive mechanism 15 connects.

During harvesting, the apple is taken off the stem under the limiting action and the rotating action of the spiral pressure rod 4.

Three 4 below of spiral depression bar sets up one corrugated shape collection fruit board 3, corrugated shape collection fruit board 3 surface is the flute form, has ridge shape to separate the strip between each row, reduces the apple collision, and there is the high wall both sides, prevents that the apple from rolling from the side, has one row of door frame on the baffle, makes the apple keep the queue.

The two sides of the fruit conveying belt 19 are provided with guide walls with the height of 80cm and the distance of 120cm, so that apples are orderly conveyed to the fruit inlet position of the fruit collecting barrel 21 and enter the fruit collecting barrel 21.

Further, the spiral pressure bar telescopic driving device 8 comprises a telescopic cylinder 11, a telescopic beam 7, two telescopic push rods 13, three groups of telescopic sliding sleeves 17 and three groups of telescopic sliding rods 16;

the telescopic cylinder 11 is fixed on the uppermost portion of the frame body 14, the two telescopic push rods 13 are respectively vertically installed on two sides of the frame body 14, the telescopic beam 7 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two telescopic push rods 13 and hinged to the telescopic cylinder 11, three groups of telescopic slide rods 16 are respectively horizontally installed on the upper portion, the middle portion and the lower portion of the frame body 14, each group of telescopic slide rods 16 is respectively hinged to one group of telescopic sliding sleeves 17, and each group of telescopic sliding sleeves 17 is hinged to the screw rod transmission mechanism 15.

During harvesting, the three spiral pressure rods 4 of each picking platform 2 can move left and right on each group of telescopic sliding rods 16 through the spiral pressure rod transmission mechanisms 15 connected with the spiral pressure rods.

Further, the lifting mechanism 20 comprises four lifting slide bars 10, four groups of lifting sliding sleeves 9 and three fork type lifting devices 25; the four lifting slide bars 10 are vertically fixed on the frame body 14, and the four lifting slide bars 10 are hinged with the picking table top plate 12 and the picking table bottom plate 18; each group of the lifting sliding sleeves 9 is hinged with one lifting sliding rod 10, and each fork type lifting device 25 is correspondingly arranged below one picking platform 2.

Before harvesting, according to the apple branch height, three picking platform 2 can move up and down on four lifting slide bars 10, adjust the work height of gathering.

Further, the fruit collecting barrel 21 is installed at the rear side of the three picking platforms 2, and the fruit conveying opening of the fruit conveying belt 19 is opposite to the fruit inlet opening of the fruit collecting barrel 21; the fruit collection tub 21 is a layered cylindrical shape and is driven during the collection process to disperse the apples.

As shown in fig. 3, the wide-row close-planting cultivation apple tree matched with the screw press-rod type apple batch harvester provided by the utility model is in a Chinese character feng shape; the wide-row close planting feng-shaped apple tree is characterized in that: the cultivation row direction of the apple trees in the shape like the Chinese character feng is perpendicular to the branch direction of the apple trees, the row distance between a first apple tree 26 in a first row and a first apple tree 27 in a second row is 300cm, the plant distance between the first apple tree 27 in the second row and a second apple tree 28 in the second row is 70-100 cm, and the cultivation density is 222-380 plants/mu; the wide-row close-planted apple tree with the shape like the Chinese character feng is characterized in that: the tree body structure of the apple tree shaped like a Chinese character 'feng' is similar to the tree body structure of the apple tree shaped like a Chinese character 'feng', branches are distributed very regularly, the height of the tree body is 200-250 cm, the height of a trunk is 50-70 cm, the distance between an upper branch and a lower branch on the same side is about 60cm, the distance between branches on different sides is 10-15 cm, and the length of the branches is 80-100 cm.

As shown in fig. 4, the schematic diagram of the spiral press-rod type apple batch harvester for harvesting apples when the machine advances between rows in a wide-row close-planting cultivation feng-shaped apple tree orchard. When the spiral press rod type apple batch harvester drives into the space between the left and right fruit tree rows, the piston of the telescopic cylinder 11 is pushed leftwards, three groups of telescopic sliding sleeves 17 are pushed to move leftwards along three groups of telescopic sliding rods 16 through the press rod telescopic beam 7 and two press rod telescopic push rods 13, and the three groups of telescopic sliding sleeves 17 push the three groups of spiral press rod transmission mechanisms 15 fixedly connected with the three groups of telescopic sliding sleeves 17 and each spiral press rod 4 leftwards; before picking operation, according to the height of branches of apple trees, the three fork type lifting devices 25 drive the three picking table bottom plates 18 fixedly connected with the fork type lifting devices to ascend or descend, and the 4 groups of lifting sliding sleeves 9 on the three picking table bottom plates 18 and the three picking table top plates 12 can slide up and down along the four lifting sliding rods 10 to drive the three picking tables 2 to ascend and descend so as to be adjusted to a proper picking height range; the three stepping motors 24 drive each spiral pressure bar 4 to rotate through the independent action of the three groups of spiral pressure bar transmission mechanisms 15; during picking operation, the spiral press rod type apple batch harvester continuously walks along the open space between fruit trees on two sides, each spiral press rod 4 is in contact with an apple, the apple is subjected to stem removal under the rotation and limiting effects of each spiral press rod 4, falls onto the three lower corrugated fruit collecting plates 3, moves downwards in rows, then passes through the three door frames of the baffles 5, enters the three fruit conveying belts 19, is conveyed to the fruit inlet position of the fruit collecting barrel 21 under the effects of the three fruit conveying belts 19, enters the fruit collecting barrel 21, and finishes a harvesting task.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a spiral depression bar formula apple is harvester in batches which characterized in that: the spiral pressure bar type apple harvester comprises a frame (6), three picking platforms (2), a spiral pressure bar telescopic driving device (8), a lifting mechanism (20) and a fruit collecting barrel (21); the three picking platforms (2) are respectively hinged to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the rack (6), the spiral pressure rod telescopic driving device (8) is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms (2), the lifting mechanism (20) is respectively hinged to the three picking platforms (2), and the fruit collecting barrel (21) is connected to the rear parts of the three picking platforms (2); the rack (6) comprises a rack frame body (14), a rack bottom plate (22), a vehicle plate (23) and four traveling wheels (1); the frame body (14) is fixed on the frame bottom plate (22), the frame bottom plate (22) is installed on the vehicle plate (23), and the four traveling wheels (1) are hinged below the vehicle plate (23); each picking platform (2) comprises a picking platform top plate (12), a picking platform bottom plate (18), a baffle (5), a fruit conveying belt (19), a spiral pressure rod transmission mechanism (15), three spiral pressure rods (4), a corrugated fruit collecting plate (3) and a stepping motor (24); the picking table top plate (12) and the picking table bottom plate (18) are hinged to the lifting mechanism (20), the right side of the corrugated fruit collecting plate (3) is hinged to the picking table bottom plate (18), the baffle plate (5) is fixed between the picking table top plate (12) and the picking table bottom plate (18), the fruit conveying belt (19) is installed on the right lower side of the baffle plate (5), the spiral pressing rod transmission mechanism (15) is fixed on the right side face of the baffle plate (5) and hinged to the spiral pressing rod telescopic driving device (8), each spiral pressing rod (4) is hinged to the spiral pressing rod transmission mechanism (15), and the stepping motor (24) is connected to the spiral pressing rod transmission mechanism (15); the spiral pressure bar telescopic driving device (8) comprises a telescopic cylinder (11), a telescopic beam (7), two telescopic push rods (13), three groups of telescopic sliding sleeves (17) and three groups of telescopic sliding rods (16); the telescopic cylinder (11) is fixed at the uppermost part of the rack frame body (14), the two telescopic push rods (13) are respectively and vertically installed at two sides of the rack frame body (14), the telescopic beam (7) is fixedly connected at the upper ends of the two telescopic push rods (13) and is hinged with the telescopic cylinder (11), three groups of telescopic slide bars (16) are respectively and horizontally installed at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the rack frame body (14), each group of telescopic slide bars (16) is respectively hinged with one group of telescopic sliding sleeves (17), and each group of telescopic sliding sleeves (17) is hinged with the screw rod transmission mechanism (15); the lifting mechanism (20) comprises four lifting slide bars (10), four groups of lifting sliding sleeves (9) and three fork type lifting devices (25); the four lifting slide bars (10) are vertically fixed on the frame body (14), and the four lifting slide bars (10) are hinged with the picking table top plate (12) and the picking table bottom plate (18); each group of lifting sliding sleeves (9) is hinged with one lifting sliding rod (10), and each fork type lifting device (25) is correspondingly arranged below one picking platform (2); the fruit collecting barrel (21) is arranged at the rear side of the three picking platforms (2), and the fruit conveying opening of the fruit conveying belt (19) is opposite to the fruit inlet of the fruit collecting barrel (21).

2. The screw-press rod type apple batch harvester according to claim 1, wherein the apples are subjected to stem stripping under the limiting action and the rotating action of the screw press rod (4); it is three spiral depression bar (4) below sets up one corrugated shape collection fruit board (3), corrugated shape collection fruit board (3) surface is the flute form, has ridge shape parting bead between each row, reduces the apple collision, and there is the high wall both sides, prevents that the apple from the side roll, has one row of door frame on the baffle, makes the apple keep the queue, defeated fruit area (19) both sides have high 80cm, and the wall is led to interval 120cm, makes the apple carry in order extremely the fruit of fruit collecting vessel (21) advances the fruit mouth position, gets into fruit collecting vessel (21).

3. The screw-press rod type apple batch harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the three screw-press rods (4) of each picking station (2) can move left and right on each set of telescopic slide rods (16) through the screw-press rod transmission mechanism (15) connected with the screw-press rod.

4. The spiral press rod type apple batch harvester according to claim 1, wherein three picking platforms (2) can move up and down on four lifting slide rods (10) according to the heights of apple branches, and the harvesting working height is adjusted.

5. The screw press bar type apple batch harvester according to claim 1, wherein the fruit collecting barrel (21) is a layered cylinder and is driven during the collecting process to disperse the apples.