CN215263735U - Atmospheric electric field sensor and PCB multilayer circuit board comprising same - Google Patents
Atmospheric electric field sensor and PCB multilayer circuit board comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- CN215263735U CN215263735U CN202121385981.8U CN202121385981U CN215263735U CN 215263735 U CN215263735 U CN 215263735U CN 202121385981 U CN202121385981 U CN 202121385981U CN 215263735 U CN215263735 U CN 215263735U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an atmosphere electric field sensor and a PCB multilayer circuit board comprising the same, wherein the atmosphere electric field sensor comprises a parallel plate antenna and a signal acquisition circuit, and the parallel plate antenna is connected with the signal acquisition circuit through a signal line; the parallel plate antenna comprises a first polar plate and a second polar plate, a voltage signal is generated between the first polar plate and the second polar plate, the signal acquisition circuit comprises an amplifier, and the first polar plate and the second polar plate are respectively connected with two input ends of the signal acquisition circuit. The utility model discloses an emergent monitoring of atmosphere electric field sensor mainly used can realize measuring the electric field bandwidth and be DC ~ 2MHz, has covered direct current to low frequency LF frequency channel, can survey the thunderstorm stage 1 to stage 4's whole life cycle. The method is widely applied to the fields of atmospheric layer near-field monitoring, lightning electromagnetic pulse detection, lightning positioning, remote monitoring of some explosion events in the distance or underground and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an atmosphere electric field sensor and PCB multilayer circuit board that contains this sensor belongs to atmosphere electricity and surveys technical field, mainly used thunderstorm's emergent monitoring.
Background
The thunder and lightning disaster is one of ten most serious natural disasters published by the united nations and is also one of ten natural disasters in China at present.
Thunderstorms are local storms generated by atmospheric activity accompanied by lightning thunder. The life cycle of a thunderstorm includes four distinct phases, an initial phase, a growth phase, a maturation phase, and a dissipation phase.
The atmospheric electric field sensor is a thunderstorm detecting instrument which can detect all four stages and the whole life cycle of the thunderstorm. At present, there are field mill type atmospheric electric field sensors and all-electronic atmospheric electric field sensors.
The field-grinding type atmospheric electric field sensor comprises mechanical rotating parts, is short in service life and can not work due to the fact that ice and snow freeze the rotating parts in cold winter.
At present, the working frequency range of the full-electronic atmospheric electric field sensor can reach DC-2 MHz, but a metal conductor used for sensing a voltage signal is separated from a signal acquisition circuit and is connected with the signal acquisition circuit through a cable/wire, the integration level is not high, the use requirements of emergency monitoring cannot be met in the aspects of volume and weight, electromagnetic interference is easily introduced into a longer connecting cable, and the quality of observation data is reduced. In addition, the conventional method for manufacturing the induction electrode has high precision requirement and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides an atmosphere electric field sensor and PCB multilayer circuit board that contains this sensor can measure electrostatic field, quasi-electrostatic field, very low frequency and low frequency electric field, measures the electric field bandwidth and is DC ~ 2MHz, has covered direct current to low frequency LF frequency channel, can survey the thunderstorm stage 1 to stage 4's whole life cycle.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme that, on one hand, the utility model provides an atmospheric electric field sensor, which comprises a parallel plate antenna and a signal acquisition circuit, wherein the parallel plate antenna is connected with the signal acquisition circuit through a signal line; the parallel plate antenna comprises a first polar plate and a second polar plate, a voltage signal is generated between the first polar plate and the second polar plate, the signal acquisition circuit comprises an amplifier, and the first polar plate and the second polar plate are respectively connected with two input ends of the signal acquisition circuit.
Furthermore, the input resistance value of the amplifier is not less than 100T omega, and the input capacitance is not more than 8 pF.
Furthermore, the signal acquisition circuit further comprises peripheral components and parts, wherein the peripheral components comprise an input capacitor and an input resistor, and the input capacitor and the input resistor are connected between the two input ends of the amplifier in parallel.
On the other hand, the utility model provides a PCB multilayer circuit board containing this sensor, in any one of above-mentioned technical scheme atmosphere electric field sensor, PCB multilayer circuit board comprises alternating conducting layer and insulating layer, the parallel plate antenna with signal acquisition circuit is located different conducting layers, connects through the signal line of constituteing by metallized via hole and sculpture wire.
Further, the first polar plate and the second polar plate are respectively connected to the signal acquisition circuit layer through the signal line.
Furthermore, the signal acquisition circuit is positioned on the conductive layer on the uppermost layer of the PCB multilayer circuit board.
Further, an equipotential shielding ring surrounds the first polar plate, the second polar plate and the signal acquisition circuit.
Furthermore, an equipotential shielding ring upper shielding cover is arranged above the conducting layer where the signal acquisition circuit is located, and an adjacent conducting layer below the conducting layer where the signal acquisition circuit is located is an equipotential shielding ring lower shielding layer.
Furthermore, each conducting layer is provided with an equipotential shielding ring and is connected into an integral equipotential shielding net through an equipotential connecting line consisting of a metalized through hole and a copper foil conducting wire.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has: the utility model discloses an emergent monitoring of atmosphere electric field sensor mainly used can realize measuring the electric field bandwidth and be DC ~ 2MHz, has covered direct current to low frequency LF frequency channel, can survey the thunderstorm stage 1 to stage 4's whole life cycle. The method is widely applied to the fields of atmospheric layer near-field monitoring, lightning electromagnetic pulse detection, lightning positioning, remote monitoring of some explosion events in the distance or underground and the like. The utility model discloses an atmosphere electric field sensor is full electronic type, does not have any mechanical rotating part, long-lived. The parallel plate antenna and the electronic components of the signal acquisition circuit are integrated on the whole PCB, so that the volume is minimum on the premise of ensuring the sensitivity, the weight is light, the carrying is convenient, and the emergency monitoring device is suitable for emergency monitoring. The mature processing technology of the PCB is utilized, the alignment precision among the multiple layers of wires can reach +/-25 mu m, the batch production is convenient, the consistency is good, and the cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of an atmospheric electric field sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a PCB multi-layer circuit board including the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a signal acquisition circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 2;
description of reference numerals:
1-a first polar plate, 2-a second polar plate, 3-a signal acquisition circuit, 31-an equipotential shielding ring, 32-an upper shielding cover, 33-a lower shielding layer, 34-an etched wire, 35-a metalized via hole and 36-a ceramic insulating layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation. Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an atmospheric electric field sensor which comprises a parallel plate antenna and a signal acquisition circuit, as shown in figure 1. Two metal conductors are placed in an electric field to form a parallel plate antenna by utilizing the principle that the conductors generate induced charges in the electric field, and voltage signals are induced on two polar plates. The parallel plate antenna is connected with a signal acquisition circuit through a signal wire, and the signal acquisition circuit converts weak induced voltage signals into voltage signals which can be measured by data acquisition equipment. Specifically, the parallel plate antenna comprises a first polar plate and a second polar plate, a voltage signal is generated between the first polar plate and the second polar plate, the signal acquisition circuit comprises an amplifier, and the first polar plate and the second polar plate are respectively connected with two input ends of the signal acquisition circuit.
In the electric field E to be measured, the induced voltage between the parallel plate antennas is V, and the reference direction is as shown in FIG. 1, where C0Is the capacitance of a parallel plate antenna, CqIs the distributed capacitance of the signal line connected between the parallel plate antenna and the signal acquisition circuit.
The signal acquisition circuit is composed of an amplifier chip with a very high input resistance value, and peripheral components, and in some embodiments, the input resistance value of the amplifier is preferably 100T Ω. The peripheral components of the signal acquisition circuit comprise an input capacitor and an input resistor, the input capacitor and the input resistor are connected in parallel between two input ends of the amplifier, and C in the figure 1iIs the input capacitance of the signal acquisition circuit, riIs the input resistance of the signal acquisition circuit.
When capacitance C of the parallel plate antenna0Much larger than distributed capacitance CqAnd the input capacitor C of the amplifier in the signal acquisition circuitiThe resistance is far smaller than the input resistance r of the signal acquisition circuitiWhen the parallel plate becomes an ideal atmosphere electric field measuring antenna, the induction voltage V on the two polar plates of the parallel plate antenna and the electric field intensity E to be measured accord with the formula:
E＝V/d
wherein d is the distance between the first polar plate and the second polar plate. The induced voltage V is amplified through a signal acquisition circuit, and an undistorted voltage waveform which is in direct proportion to the atmospheric electric field intensity E is output.
Capacitance C of parallel plate antenna0Is aligned with the area of the polar plateThe ratio is inversely proportional to the distance d between the two plates. Increasing the area of the polar plates can increase the volume of the atmospheric electric field sensor, and decreasing the distance between the polar plates can decrease the induced voltage, resulting in the decrease of the sensitivity of the sensor.
Reducing the distributed capacitance CqAnd the input capacitor C of the amplifier in the signal acquisition circuitiAnd increasing the input resistance r of the signal acquisition circuitiThe atmospheric electric field sensor has small volume, light weight and high sensitivity.
Example 2
This example provides a PCB multilayer circuit board comprising the sensor of example 1, the PCB multilayer circuit board being composed of alternating conductive and insulating layers, as shown in fig. 2. The conducting layer is made of copper foil, and the insulating layer is made of ceramic. The parallel plate antenna and the signal acquisition circuit are positioned on different conducting layers and are connected through a signal wire consisting of a metalized through hole and an etched conducting wire. Because the signal acquisition circuit and the parallel plate antenna are assembled on one PCB, the length of the signal wire is very short, and the distributed capacitance value caused by connecting the signal wire is reduced to a negligible degree. The input resistance value of an amplifier in the signal acquisition circuit is not less than 100T omega, and the input capacitance is not more than 8 pF. The parallel plate becomes an ideal atmospheric electric field measuring antenna.
Specifically, the first polar plate and the second polar plate are respectively connected to the signal acquisition circuit layer through the metalized through holes and the etched wires. The first and second plates are preferably etched from conductive copper foil.
On the PCB, leakage currents inevitably exist between the two plates of the parallel plate antenna and between the plates and the signal acquisition circuit, especially in a humid atmosphere, and the existence of the leakage currents lowers the input resistance of the signal acquisition circuit, and thus a ceramic laminate PCB is used. In order to further avoid the influence caused by leakage current, an equipotential shielding ring is designed on the PCB to improve the input resistance of the signal acquisition circuit. Specifically, a gold-plated copper foil equipotential shielding ring is arranged around the first polar plate and the second polar plate, the gold-plated copper foil equipotential shielding ring is arranged around the signal acquisition circuit, and the equipotential shielding ring is connected to a protection potential pin of a signal acquisition circuit amplifier.
Preferably, the signal acquisition circuit is generally located on the uppermost conductive layer of the PCB multi-layer circuit board.
Preferably, an equipotential shielding ring upper shielding cover is arranged above the conductive layer where the signal acquisition circuit is located, and an adjacent conductive layer below the conductive layer where the signal acquisition circuit is located is an equipotential shielding ring lower shielding layer, as shown in fig. 3. Further, the upper shield cover is made of copper, and the lower shield layer is an equipotential shield ring with gold-plated copper foil.
In some embodiments, each conductive layer is provided with an equipotential shielding ring, and the equipotential shielding ring is connected with the copper foil lead through the metalized through hole to form an integral equipotential shielding net.
The required antenna capacitance and system sensitivity can be obtained by changing the area and thickness of the PCB board and the geometric shapes of the first polar plate and the second polar plate. Different antenna capacitance and system sensitivity can be obtained by increasing the number of layers of the PCB and changing the area, the thickness and the geometric shape of the polar plate.
The utility model discloses an atmosphere electric field sensor is full electronic type, does not have any mechanical rotating part, long-lived. The parallel plate antenna and the electronic components of the signal acquisition circuit are integrated on the whole PCB, so that the volume is minimum on the premise of ensuring the sensitivity, the weight is light, the carrying is convenient, and the emergency monitoring device is suitable for emergency monitoring. The mature processing technology of the PCB is utilized, the alignment precision among the multiple layers of wires can reach +/-25 mu m, the batch production is convenient, the consistency is good, and the cost is low.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The atmospheric electric field sensor is characterized by comprising a parallel plate antenna and a signal acquisition circuit, wherein the parallel plate antenna is connected with the signal acquisition circuit through a signal wire; the parallel plate antenna comprises a first polar plate and a second polar plate, a voltage signal is generated between the first polar plate and the second polar plate, the signal acquisition circuit comprises an amplifier, and the first polar plate and the second polar plate are respectively connected with two input ends of the signal acquisition circuit.
2. The atmospheric electric field sensor of claim 1, wherein the amplifier has an input resistance value ≧ 100T Ω and an input capacitance ≤ 8 pF.
3. The atmospheric electric field sensor of claim 2, wherein the signal acquisition circuit further comprises peripheral components including an input capacitor and an input resistor, the input capacitor and the input resistor being connected in parallel between the two inputs of the amplifier.
4. A PCB multilayer circuit board, comprising the atmospheric electric field sensor as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the PCB multilayer circuit board is composed of alternating conductive layers and insulating layers, the parallel plate antenna and the signal acquisition circuit are located on different conductive layers and are connected through a signal line composed of a metalized via hole and an etched wire.
5. The PCB multilayer circuit board of claim 4, wherein the first and second plates are each connected to the signal acquisition circuit layer by the signal line.
6. The PCB multilayer circuit board of claim 4 or 5, wherein the signal acquisition circuit is located at an uppermost conductive layer of the PCB multilayer circuit board.
7. The PCB of claim 6, wherein the first plate, the second plate, and the signal acquisition circuit are surrounded by an equipotential shield ring.
8. The PCB multilayer circuit board of claim 7, wherein an upper shielding cover of an equipotential shielding ring is disposed above the conductive layer on which the signal acquisition circuit is disposed, and an adjacent conductive layer below the conductive layer on which the signal acquisition circuit is disposed is a lower shielding layer of the equipotential shielding ring.
9. The PCB multilayer circuit board of claim 7 or 8, wherein each conductive layer is provided with an equipotential shield ring connected as a unitary equipotential shield mesh by an equipotential connection line consisting of a metalized via and a copper foil conductor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121385981.8U CN215263735U (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2021-06-22 | Atmospheric electric field sensor and PCB multilayer circuit board comprising same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121385981.8U CN215263735U (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2021-06-22 | Atmospheric electric field sensor and PCB multilayer circuit board comprising same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN215263735U true CN215263735U (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121385981.8U Active CN215263735U (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2021-06-22 | Atmospheric electric field sensor and PCB multilayer circuit board comprising same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN215263735U (en) |
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2021
- 2021-06-22 CN CN202121385981.8U patent/CN215263735U/en active Active
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