CN108490273B - Electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch - Google Patents
Electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN108490273B CN108490273B CN201810267990.3A CN201810267990A CN108490273B CN 108490273 B CN108490273 B CN 108490273B CN 201810267990 A CN201810267990 A CN 201810267990A CN 108490273 B CN108490273 B CN 108490273B
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
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Abstract
The electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch that present disclose provides a kind of, the main control realized by multi-way contral unit to multi-channel switch array, and then control discrete capacitor array and be connected to and/or disconnect with detecting signal unit, quantity to be measured is converted into detection AC signal from unstable direct current signal is detected.The disclosure is directed under the action of extraneous low frequency electric field; since the variation of electric field is very slow; it is in most cases almost DC electrostatic field; the not more than hundreds of hertz of frequency range; capacitor both end voltage U is minimum D. C. value; and it is unstable; it is difficult to the problem of detecting; the disclosure controls multi-channel switch array sequentially on-off by multi-way contral unit; realize the exchange variation of the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array; so that corresponding voltage is AC signal from DC quantity variation, to be easy to detect, the detection of low frequency and DC electric field is realized.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to which low frequency electric field measurement sensor field more particularly to a kind of electric field based on multi-channel switch pass
Sensor system.
Background technique
Electric field measurement technology is very widely used, is detected using electric field of the electric-field sensor to ionosphere, can be with
Obtain the magnetic distribution information in the whole world, available earthquake, volcano, tsunami break out electromagnetic field in preceding ionosphere change it is different
Often, important evidence is provided for the forecast of natural calamity, space weather can be studied, ionosphere and its mankind's activity such as communication is led
The influence of boat, satellite positioning, to the research work of earth physics, instructs mankind's industrial activity all to have great importance.
Electrostatic increasingly causes to pay close attention to the harm of human being's production and life.Electrostatic field is as a kind of near field Harm and control, at certain
Under the conditions of a little, great loss and injury can be brought to military and industry, cause life and economic loss.Therefore, accurate to survey
Electrostatic parameters are measured, especially electrostatic potential value is very necessary.Electrostatic test can be provided for electrostatic protection engineering design data and
Support can be used to differentiate the static discharge Harm and control in actual environment, can also be used to the effect of evaluation electrostatic protection measure.
Electric-field sensor is measurement electric field strength instrument, in meteorological detection, aerospace, power electronics, smart grid, work
The fields such as industry safety, national defence, scientific research have very important effect.Difference of the electric-field sensor by working principle, master
It is divided into charge inductive type electric-field sensor and optical profile type electric-field sensor.Optical profile type electric-field sensor have fast response time,
The low advantage of noise, but this kind of sensor is only applicable to the measurement of high-frequency electric field, AC field, cost height and temperature stability
Difference.The detection of low frequency electric field is a difficult point, and the electromechanical electric-field sensor in charge inductive type electric-field sensor can be real
Now to the measurement of DC electrostatic field, it is suitable for low frequency electric field fields of measurement.
Existing electromechanical electric-field sensor and capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer include mechanical moving element, and component easily consumes
Damage, operating point drift is big, and detection method is complicated, is unfavorable for using and minimize.In addition, existing use varactor
Structure is complicated for the electric-field sensor of mode, it is necessary to the isolation of driving signal is realized using transformer, and working curve is inconsistent,
And temperature stability difference leads to operating point drift.Therefore, the present invention program is directed to the deficiency of the above electric-field sensor, proposes one
The new structural low frequency electric field sensor of kind.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
The electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch that present disclose provides a kind of, it is mentioned above at least partly to solve
Out the technical issues of.
(2) technical solution
According to one aspect of the disclosure, a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch is provided, comprising: point
Vertical capacitor array, including n encapsulation capacitor, n encapsulation capacitor are electrically connected, wherein induction plate, the n of discrete capacitor array
The first end of a encapsulation capacitor is connect with induction plate, to realize the induction to extraneous low frequency electric field signals；Multi-channel switch
Array, including n MOS switch pipe, the second end that the first connecting pin of each MOS switch pipe encapsulates capacitor with one respectively connect
It connects；The unlatching and/or closing of each MOS switch pipe, make to encapsulate accordingly in discrete capacitor array respectively capacitor connection and/or
It disconnects；Detecting signal unit is connect with the second connection end of n MOS switch pipe and induction plate respectively, is used for measurement sensor
Output voltage signal simultaneously carries out signal processing to output signal；Multi-way contral unit connects with the control terminal of n MOS switch pipe
It connects, for carrying out timing control to multi-channel switch array；Wherein, n > 1, multi-way contral unit pass through to multi-channel switch
The timing control of array realizes the variation that capacitance is accessed in discrete capacitor array, and by detecting signal unit sense capacitance two
The variation of relevant voltage is held, and then calculates external electrical field size.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, detecting signal unit includes: signal amplification subelement, for amplifying sensor
Output signal obtains the stepped change curve of AC signal.Signal condition subelement, for the AC signal to stepped change into
The removal of row high-frequency harmonic ingredient and voltage amplitude adjustment.Signal amplify subelement, respectively with induction plate and MOS switch
The second connection end of pipe connects, and the unlatching and/or closing of MOS switch pipe make discrete capacitor array and signal detection list respectively
Member connection and/or disconnection to complete detection and/or amplification to Sensor section output signal, and then obtain AC signal
Stepped change curve, to calculate external electrical field size.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, detecting signal unit, for calculating external electrical field according to following formula:
Q=U × C=U × n × C1
Wherein, Q is the charge size of the external electrical field induction in induction plate, and U is voltage value, and C is discrete capacitor array
Total capacitance value, C1For the capacitance of the single package capacitor in discrete capacitor array, U1It is C for total capacitance value1When voltage
Value, ε are dielectric constant, and S is induction electrode area, and E is external electrical field；Wherein, multi-way contral unit, for according to timing control
Multi-channel switch array processed sequentially on-off, obtains the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array；Detecting signal unit, for measuring correspondence
The voltage value at capacitor both ends carries out differential amplification to voltage by detecting signal unit, and the ladder for obtaining AC signal voltage becomes
Change curve；And then the removal of high-frequency harmonic ingredient and voltage amplitude adjustment are carried out for the AC signal to stepped change, to hand over
Output voltage signal is flowed, external electrical field size is obtained.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, multi-way contral unit is made of FPGA, to press n MOS switch pipe of ordered pair
It gradually opens and closes, realizes that the capacitance of discrete capacitor array orderly changes.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, detecting signal unit includes the filter circuit and letter constructed by operational amplifier
Number amplifying circuit, output signal successively pass through differential amplifier circuit, filter circuit and the signal condition electricity of operational amplifier building
Road.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of low frequency electric field is no more than 1000Hz.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the array arrangement of discrete capacitor array is parallel connected array arrangement；Multichannel is opened
The array arrangement of array is closed as parallel connected array arrangement.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, induction plate is metal polar plate, and material is the gold such as tin, gold, stainless steel, aluminium
Belong to conductor.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, induction plate be based on print circuit plates making, induction plate not with discrete electric
What appearance array was connected covers copper on one side.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, discrete capacitor array and induction plate pass through welded connecting.
(3) beneficial effect
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that the disclosure based on the electric-field sensor system of multi-channel switch at least have with
One of lower beneficial effect or in which a part:
(1) discrete capacitor Array Design may be implemented effective wide scope variation of capacitor, without mechanical moving element, not have
There is consume, can work long hours.
(2) discrete capacitor Array Design, cooperation multi-channel switch control, structural integrity is strong, and temperature stability is high, favorably
It is processed in mass production.
(3) setting of detecting signal unit realizes detection and amplification to Sensor section output signal.
(4) multi-way contral unit realizes the timing control to multi-channel switch array, realizes the electricity of discrete capacitor array
Capacitance orderly changes.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of electric-field sensor system of the embodiment of the present disclosure based on multi-channel switch.
[embodiment of the present disclosure main element symbol description in attached drawing]
1- induction plate；2- discrete capacitor array；
3- multi-channel switch array；4- detecting signal unit；
5- multi-way contral unit.
Specific embodiment
The electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch that present disclose provides a kind of mainly passes through multi-way contral unit
It realizes the control to multi-channel switch array, and then controls discrete capacitor array and be connected to and/or disconnect with detecting signal unit,
Quantity to be measured is converted into detection AC signal from unstable direct current signal is detected.The disclosure mainly solves the problems, such as in the external world
Under the action of low frequency electric field, the variation of electric field is very slow, is almost in most cases DC electrostatic field, frequency range highest is not
More than hundreds of hertz, capacitor both end voltage U is minimum D. C. value, and unstable, it is difficult to be detected.Multi-way contral in the disclosure
Unit controls multi-channel switch array sequentially on-off, the exchange variation of the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array is realized, so that accordingly
U from DC quantity variation be AC signal, to be easy to detect, realize the detection of low frequency and DC electric field.
For the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the disclosure are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
The disclosure is further described in attached drawing.
Disclosure some embodiments will be done referring to appended attached drawing in rear and more comprehensively describe to property, some of but not complete
The embodiment in portion will be shown.In fact, the various embodiments of the disclosure can be realized in many different forms, and should not be construed
To be limited to this several illustrated embodiment；Relatively, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure meets applicable legal requirement.
The low frequency electric field sensing system provided by the disclosure is placed in external electrical field E, as follows based on electromagnetic principles:
Wherein D is electric displacement vector.
D=ε E
ε is dielectric constant, and E is external electrical field, and Q is the charge size of the external electrical field E induction in induction plate 1.
As can be seen that Q show that, when 1 area of induction plate immobilizes, the size of Q is proportional to by external electrical field E induction
External electrical field.
Single capacitance in discrete capacitor array 2 is C1, since circuit form is parallel connection, so total capacitance value is C=
nC1, both end voltage U, according to circuit theory, Q size are as follows:
Q=U × C=U × n × C1
Since Q does not change in electrostatic field to be measured, the present invention can lead to the change of U by the effectively size of change C
Change, so, detection AC signal U can reflect the size of external electrical field.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch is provided
System.Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of electric-field sensor system of the embodiment of the present disclosure based on multi-channel switch.As shown in Figure 1, specific
It include: discrete capacitor array 2, induction plate 1, multi-channel switch array 3 and detecting signal unit 4；Discrete capacitor array 2, packet
N encapsulation capacitor is included, the array arrangement of discrete capacitor array 2 is parallel connected array arrangement；Induction plate 1, with discrete capacitor battle array
2 first end of column connection, to realize the induction to extraneous low frequency electric field signals.Induction plate 1 is metal polar plate, and material is
The metallic conductors such as tin, gold, stainless steel, aluminium.Induction plate 1 is also based on print circuit plates making, induction plate 1 not with it is discrete
What capacitor array 2 was connected covers copper on one side, easy to make, easy to process, at low cost, and the discrete capacitor array 2 at the back side and just
The copper that covers in face is directly connected by through-hole, and signal integrity is more preferable.Multi-channel switch array 3, with discrete capacitor array 2 second
End connection, the array arrangement of multi-channel switch array 3 are parallel connected array arrangement；And detecting signal unit 4, respectively with induction
Pole plate 1 and multi-channel switch array 3 connect, to complete detection and amplification to Sensor section output signal, signal detection list
The filter circuit and signal amplification circuit that member 4 is constructed by operational amplifier, output signal successively pass through operational amplifier building
Differential amplifier circuit, filter circuit and signal conditioning circuit.
Multi-channel switch array 3 includes n MOS switch pipe, and the first connecting pin of each MOS switch pipe is sealed with one respectively
Fill capacitance connection, the second connection end of MOS switch pipe connect with detecting signal unit 4 respectively, the unlatching of MOS switch pipe and/or
It closes, discrete capacitor array 2 is made to be connected to and/or disconnect with detecting signal unit 4 respectively.The disclosure further includes multi-way contral
Unit 4 is connect with the control terminal of n MOS switch pipe, for carrying out timing control to multi-channel switch array 3.It is more in the disclosure
Channel control unit is made of FPGA, gradually to open and close by ordered pair MOS switch pipe, realizes discrete capacitor array
Capacitance orderly changes.
Concrete operations in actual use can be that concrete operations are to control multichannel by multi-way contral unit 5 and open
The sequentially on-off of array 3 is closed, at this moment, the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array 2 successively changes as C1、2C1、......、nC1、(n-1)
C1、......、2C1、C1.Since the exchange of capacitance changes, so that also corresponding change is U to capacitor both end voltage U1、U1/
2、……、U1/n、U1/(n-1)、......、U1/2、U1, so, differential amplification is carried out to voltage U by detecting signal unit 4,
The stepped change curve of AC signal U can be obtained；High frequency is removed by voltage signal U of the signal conditioning circuit to stepped change
Harmonic components obtain linear smoothing ac voltage signal.This signal is that form of communication is easy to detect not vulnerable to noise jamming.It is right
The peak value of this signal is detected and is extracted, and U can be calculated1, it is possible to calculate the size of external electrical field are as follows:
Wherein, S is induction electrode area.
Practical operation and in use, by invention sensor be placed in required standard electric field, change electric field value, record
Voltage value is detected, to set up the corresponding relationship of detection voltage value and external electrical field value, realizes the calibration of institute's invention sensor
With detection work.
So far, one embodiment of the disclosure is finished based on the electric-field sensor system introduction of multi-channel switch.
So far, attached drawing is had been combined the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail.It should be noted that in attached drawing or saying
In bright book text, the implementation for not being painted or describing is form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in technical field, and
It is not described in detail.In addition, the above-mentioned definition to each element and method be not limited in mentioning in embodiment it is various specific
Structure, shape or mode, those of ordinary skill in the art simply can be changed or be replaced to it.
According to above description, those skilled in the art should electric-field sensor system to the disclosure based on multi-channel switch
There is clear understanding.
In conclusion the disclosure provides a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch.Pass through multi-way contral
Unit controls multi-channel switch array sequentially on-off, realizes that the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array exchanges variation, so that corresponding U
It is AC signal from DC quantity variation, is easy to detect, realizes the detection of low frequency and DC electric field.
It should also be noted that, the direction term mentioned in embodiment, for example, "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " left side ",
" right side " etc. is only the direction with reference to attached drawing, not is used to limit the protection scope of the disclosure.Through attached drawing, identical element by
Same or similar appended drawing reference indicates.When may cause understanding of this disclosure and cause to obscure, conventional structure will be omitted
Or construction.
And the shape and size of each component do not reflect actual size and ratio in figure, and only illustrate the embodiment of the present disclosure
Content.In addition, in the claims, any reference symbol between parentheses should not be configured to the limit to claim
System.
It unless there are known entitled phase otherwise anticipates, the numerical parameter in this specification and appended claims is approximation, energy
Enough bases pass through the resulting required characteristic changing of content of this disclosure.Specifically, all be used in specification and claim
The middle content for indicating composition, the number of reaction condition etc., it is thus understood that repaired by the term of " about " in all situations
Decorations.Under normal circumstances, the meaning expressed refers to include by specific quantity ± 10% variation in some embodiments, some
± 5% variation in embodiment, ± 1% variation in some embodiments, in some embodiments ± 0.5% variation.
Furthermore word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of element or step not listed in the claims.It is located in front of the element
Word "a" or "an" does not exclude the presence of multiple such elements.
The word of ordinal number such as " first ", " second ", " third " etc. used in specification and claim, with modification
Corresponding element, itself is not meant to that the element has any ordinal number, does not also represent the suitable of a certain element and another element
Sequence in sequence or manufacturing method, the use of those ordinal numbers are only used to enable an element and another tool with certain name
Clear differentiation can be made by having the element of identical name.
Similarly, it should be understood that in order to simplify the disclosure and help to understand one or more of each open aspect, In
Above in the description of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, each feature of the disclosure is grouped together into single implementation sometimes
In example, figure or descriptions thereof.However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the following intention: i.e. required to protect
The disclosure of shield requires features more more than feature expressly recited in each claim.More precisely, as following
Claims reflect as, open aspect is all features less than single embodiment disclosed above.Therefore,
Thus the claims for following specific embodiment are expressly incorporated in the specific embodiment, wherein each claim itself
All as the separate embodiments of the disclosure.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the disclosure, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail it is bright, it is all it should be understood that be not limited to the disclosure the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the disclosure
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the disclosure
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch, comprising:
Discrete capacitor array, including n encapsulation capacitor, the n encapsulation capacitor are electrically connected；
The first end of induction plate, the n encapsulation capacitor of the discrete capacitor array is connect with the induction plate, to
Realize the induction to extraneous low frequency electric field signals；
Multi-channel switch array, including n MOS switch pipe, the first connecting pin of each MOS switch pipe are sealed with one respectively
Fill the second end connection of capacitor；The unlatching and/or closing of each MOS switch pipe make the discrete capacitor array respectively
In encapsulate accordingly capacitor connection and/or disconnect；
Detecting signal unit is connect, for surveying respectively with the second connection end of a MOS switch pipe of n and the induction plate
Quantity sensor output voltage signal simultaneously carries out signal processing to output signal；And
Multi-way contral unit is connect with the control terminal of the n MOS switch pipe, when for carrying out to multi-channel switch array
Sequence control；
Wherein, n > 1, the multi-way contral unit realize discrete capacitor battle array by the timing control to multi-channel switch array
The variation of capacitance is accessed in column, and by the variation of detecting signal unit sense capacitance both ends relevant voltage, and then calculate
Extraneous electric field level out.
2. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1,
The detecting signal unit includes:
Signal amplifies subelement and obtains the stepped change curve of AC signal for amplifying sensor output signal；And
Signal condition subelement carries out the removal of high-frequency harmonic ingredient and voltage amplitude for the AC signal to stepped change
Adjustment；
The signal amplifies subelement, connect respectively with the second connection end of the induction plate and the MOS switch pipe, institute
The unlatching and/or closing for stating MOS switch pipe, make respectively the discrete capacitor array be connected to the detecting signal unit and/
Or disconnect, to complete detection and/or amplification to Sensor section output signal, and then the stepped change for obtaining AC signal is bent
Line, to calculate external electrical field size.
3. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, the detecting signal unit, for being calculated according to following formula
External electrical field:
Q=U × C=U × n × C1
Wherein, Q is the charge size of the external electrical field induction in induction plate, and U is voltage value, and C is the total of discrete capacitor array
Capacitance, C1For the capacitance of the single package capacitor in discrete capacitor array, U1It is C for total capacitance value1When voltage value, ε is
Dielectric constant, S are induction electrode area, and E is external electrical field；
Wherein, the multi-way contral unit, for obtaining discrete electric according to timing control multi-channel switch array sequentially on-off
Hold the total capacitance value of array；
The detecting signal unit, for measuring the voltage value at corresponding capacitor both ends, by the detecting signal unit to voltage
Differential amplification is carried out, the stepped change curve of AC signal voltage is obtained；And then it is carried out for the AC signal to stepped change
The removal of high-frequency harmonic ingredient and voltage amplitude adjustment, with output AC voltage signal, obtain external electrical field size.
4. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-way contral unit, is made of FPGA, with
It is gradually opened and closed by n MOS switch pipe of ordered pair, realizes that the capacitance of discrete capacitor array orderly changes.
5. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the detecting signal unit includes by operational amplifier
The filter circuit and signal amplification circuit of building, output signal successively pass through the differential amplifier circuit of operational amplifier building, filter
Wave circuit and signal conditioning circuit.
6. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the low frequency electric field is no more than 1000Hz.
7. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the array arrangement of the discrete capacitor array is parallel connection
Array arrangement；The array arrangement of the multi-channel switch array is parallel connected array arrangement.
8. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the induction plate is metal polar plate, and material is
Metallic conductor.
9. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the induction plate is based on print circuit plates making,
The induction plate does not cover copper with what the discrete capacitor array was connected on one side.
10. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the discrete capacitor array and the induction plate
Pass through welded connecting.
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| CN111750905B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-05-09 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Micro-electromechanical sensing device capable of adjusting induction capacitance value |
| CN110596472A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-20 | 清华大学 | Dielectric polarization capacitance type electrostatic field measuring method and system |
| CN116299718A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Semi-aviation electromagnetic apparent resistivity measurement system and method |
| CN116500349A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-07-28 | 西安交通大学 | Piezoelectric capacitance type MEMS electric field sensor |
| CN117330817B (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-04-19 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | Potential non-contact type micro intelligent sensing optimization method and system for secondary direct current loop |
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| CN2503494Y (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-07-31 | 重庆德通科技开发有限公司 | 50HZ power frequency electric field strength instrument |
| AU2008329623B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2014-09-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Non-contact biopotential sensor |
| CN201892707U (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-07-06 | 重庆大学 | Measuring system for electric field |
| US9664721B1 (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2017-05-30 | The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | Solid-state electric-field sensor |
| CN203054098U (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-07-10 | 四川电力科学研究院 | Portable field alternating current/direct current electric field integrated measuring device |
| CN104515910A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-15 | 国家电网公司 | Sensor for testing harmonic electric field around UHVDC (ultrahigh voltage direct current) line insulators |
| CN204495915U (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-07-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十二研究所 | Electric-field sensor and ac high-voltage signal phase non-contact measurement apparatus |
| CN206601446U (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-10-31 | 国家电网公司 | Portable power-frequency electric field strength measuring instrument |
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