CN214286078U - Device for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat - Google Patents
Device for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN214286078U CN214286078U CN202022167929.7U CN202022167929U CN214286078U CN 214286078 U CN214286078 U CN 214286078U CN 202022167929 U CN202022167929 U CN 202022167929U CN 214286078 U CN214286078 U CN 214286078U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for disinfecting and sterilizing medical wastes based on frictional heat, which comprises a bin, wherein a closed sterilizing cavity, a temperature sensor, a driving device, an exhaust pipeline, a water supply pipeline, a water discharge pipeline, a filter, a pipeline fan, a control system, an ultraviolet lamp and a fan are arranged in the bin; a rotor with blades is arranged in the closed sterilization cavity and used for grinding or crushing waste, and meanwhile, the blades and the waste are rubbed to generate heat for sterilization. The device of the utility model can carry out on-site treatment on medical wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a medical waste disinfection technical field especially relates to a device based on frictional heat is to medical waste disinfection and isolation.
Background
The medical waste is infectious, toxic and other dangerous waste generated by medical and health institutions in medical, prevention, health care and other related activities, has the characteristics of huge quantity, various types and the like of carried pathogenic bacteria, is transmitted in the forms of space infection, acute infection, cross infection, latent infection and the like, and has extremely strong infectivity, biotoxicity and corrosivity. According to the regulations of the national records of dangerous wastes, medical wastes belong to dangerous wastes, and must be collected, transported, stored and disposed according to the national treatment requirements of the dangerous wastes, so that domestic wastes cannot be mixed randomly, and the medical wastes cannot be directly buried on the spot, thereby preventing virus transfer and diffusion and secondary environmental pollution.
At present, the treatment method of medical waste in China mainly uses high-temperature steam and high-temperature incineration as main materials, but both have the defects of limited treatment types, high investment cost, large secondary pollution and the like. And high-temperature steam and high-temperature incineration are all realized the treatment of medical waste through collecting earlier the mode of concentrated processing afterwards, and this has increased the environmental risk of cost of transportation and transportation process. At present, no mature batch-type and in-situ medical waste treatment and disposal technology exists in China. Therefore, a new technical solution is required to solve the above problems.
Chinese patent document No. cn201920328221.x discloses a disinfection reducing mechanism for medical waste treatment system, through the design to first antifriction bearing in the box, can effectual improvement to the garrulous speed of medical waste, smash thorough granularity even moreover, also can directly carry out even disinfection to the particulate matter after smashing simultaneously.
Chinese patent document CN201810290725.7 discloses an infectious medical waste treatment system, which comprises a disinfection tank, a crushing tower, a combustion chamber and a waste gas purification chamber which are sequentially communicated, and can sequentially perform high-temperature high-pressure sterilization, drying, physical crushing and high-temperature combustion on infectious medical waste, and the combusted waste gas is purified and then discharged into the atmosphere, so that no toxic pollutants are generated in the whole process.
Chinese patent document No. cn201920140515.x discloses a treatment device for high-temperature sterilization of medical waste, is equipped with ultraviolet sterilizing device, degassing unit and alarm device, can disinfect and sterilize the processing to medical waste, make to disinfect more thoroughly, improve bactericidal effect, can carry out primary disinfection to medical waste, avoid the fungus on the medical waste to pollute surrounding environment, can detect gas, look over whether reach emission standard.
The above-mentioned thermal sterilization or disinfection is generally carried out by blowing saturated steam through an autoclave system, or by blowing superheated steam at a temperature of about 180 ℃ through a dry system, or by using wall heating to effect heat transfer to the waste mass, but is limited by the problem of too low a transfer coefficient, and the heating cycle for the material being treated is very long. Although microwave heating can penetrate heat into the waste using microwave radiation, it is difficult to achieve the temperature required for sterilization. In addition, the above methods all achieve the treatment of medical waste by collecting first and then disposing centrally, which increases the transportation cost and the environmental risk during transportation. At present, no mature batch-type and in-situ medical waste treatment and disposal technology exists in China.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a device based on frictional heat is to medical discarded object disinfection and sterilization fully grinds the frictional heat that produces when smashing solid medical discarded object with solid medical discarded object even heating, ensures that inside solid medical discarded object sterilizes completely.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a device for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat, comprising a chamber, wherein:
the closed sterilization cavity is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge opening, a water supply opening, a water discharge opening, a gas supply opening and a gas exhaust opening, and a rotor with blades is arranged in the closed sterilization cavity and is used for grinding or crushing the waste and generating heat through the friction between the blades and the waste to sterilize; the water supply port is communicated with a water spraying system which sprays water into the sterilization cavity;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature in the sterilization cavity and transmitting the temperature to the control system;
the driving device drives the rotor to rotate and adopts the frequency converter to control the rotating speed of the rotor;
an exhaust line communicating with the exhaust port;
the water supply pipeline and the water discharge pipeline are respectively communicated with the water supply port and the water discharge port;
the filter is arranged between the exhaust port and the exhaust pipeline and is used for purifying particulate matters, microorganisms and steam in the exhaust gas;
the pipeline fan is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and used for enabling the sterilization cavity and the exhaust pipeline to be in a negative pressure state;
the control system controls the rotation of the rotor and the water spraying system according to the temperature in the sterilization cavity and also controls the charging and discharging processes;
an ultraviolet lamp for disinfection of the chamber;
and the fan is used for keeping the chamber in a negative pressure state.
The utility model discloses a device based on frictional heat is to medical discarded object disinfection and sterilization adopts "friction heat treatment" technique, through the blade on the converter control rotor of sterilization intracavity, with the frictional heat that the solid medical discarded object fully ground the friction heat that produces when smashing with solid medical discarded object even heating, ensures to sterilize the intracavity portion solid medical discarded object that sterilizes completely. Can use the utility model discloses a device based on frictional heat is to medical discarded object disinfection and sterilization handles on the spot medical discarded object, can save links such as solid medical discarded object storage, transportation, effectively reduces in the transportation vehicle and discharges, the environmental pollution that the wastes material was abandoned and is brought. Especially to the remote area that current solid medical waste disposal system can't cover, also can use the utility model discloses a device based on frictional heat carries out the on-the-spot processing to medical waste disinfection and sterilization.
Preferably, a plurality of fixed impact plates are arranged on the inner wall of the sterilization cavity; further preferably, the fixed striking plate is provided with a blade.
The rotor in the sterilization cavity rotates to drive the blades, so that medical wastes in the sterilization cavity rotate in the sterilization cavity and impact and rub with the fixed impact plate on the inner wall of the sterilization cavity, the medical wastes can be crushed under the interaction of the fixed impact plate and the blades on the rotor to generate heat, the temperature in the sterilization cavity rises, and the sterilization effect is achieved.
Preferably, the blades on the rotor and the blades on the fixed impingement plate are made of stainless steel alloy.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the rotor is controlled to be 300-2800 rpm by a frequency converter.
The filter comprises a primary filter, a secondary filter and a high-efficiency air filter; the waste gas in the sterilization cavity sequentially passes through the primary filter, the secondary filter and the high-efficiency air filter.
The filler in the first-stage filter and the second-stage filter is Raschig rings or pall rings; and spray heads are arranged in the primary filter and the secondary filter, and the flow direction of spray water is opposite to the flow direction of waste gas.
The first-stage filter and the second-stage filter particulate matters and steam in the exhaust gas. The primary filter and the secondary filter are provided with wastewater discharge ports, and the wastewater discharge ports of the primary filter and the secondary filter are converged with a water discharge port of the sterilization cavity.
The high-efficiency air filter consists of a carbon filter and an absolute filter, and is used for further filtering particulate matters and microorganisms in the waste gas. The waste gas filtered by the high-efficiency air filter can be directly discharged through an exhaust pipeline.
The filler of the carbon filter is activated carbon; the filler of the absolute filter is glass fiber.
The pipeline fan keeps negative pressure environment in the sterilization cavity and the exhaust pipeline, and prevents waste gas leakage. The ultraviolet lamp in the cabin disinfects the air in the cabin, and the fan maintains the whole cabin and is in a negative pressure state, so that the cabin is ensured to be in a low environmental risk state.
The utility model also provides a method for adopting above-mentioned device to carry out disinfection and sterilization to medical discarded object, including following step:
(1) adding medical wastes into a closed sterilization cavity, rotating a rotor to drive a blade to impact and rub the medical wastes to grind and crush the medical wastes, and generating heat to raise the temperature in the sterilization cavity; the temperature sensor monitors the temperature in the sterilization cavity in real time;
(2) when the temperature in the sterilization cavity reaches 140-;
(3) the waste gas in the sterilization cavity enters the filter through the exhaust port to be purified and then is exhausted through the exhaust pipeline.
The known thermal sterilization or disinfection, which is generally carried out by blowing saturated steam at a pressure of about 0.5Pa through an autoclave system, or by blowing hot air/superheated steam at a temperature of about 180 ℃ through a dry system, or by using wall heating, achieves the transfer of heat to the heap, is limited by the problem of a too low coefficient of transfer, and the heating cycle of the material being treated is very long. Although microwave heating can penetrate heat into the waste using microwave radiation, it is difficult to achieve the temperature required for sterilization. In addition, the above methods all achieve the treatment of medical waste by collecting first and then disposing centrally, which increases the transportation cost and the environmental risk during transportation.
The utility model discloses a "friction heat treatment" technique, the sterilization intracavity portion is through converter control blade, and the friction heat that produces when smashing solid medical discarded object fully grinding evenly heats medical waste, and the temperature peak value can reach 100 and give other care of 200 ℃, ensures that the medical discarded object of sterilization intracavity portion is disinfected completely, and automatic water spraying is followed to the waste material of handling in, accomplishes automatic uninstallation after cooling it to 90-100 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the temperature in the sterilization cavity reaches 150 ℃, the control system controls the water spraying system to spray water into the sterilization cavity for cooling.
Preferably, the medical waste contains 5-20% of water by weight of the medical waste.
The medical waste contains a certain amount of liquid, such as: waste blood samples, body fluids, etc. if the medical waste itself does not contain components that provide moisture, it is necessary to add about 5-20% of tap water or other components that provide moisture to the medical waste.
The utility model discloses a treatment process is effectual to the disinfection and sterilization of medical discarded object, adopts the biological indicator of regulation to detect, accords with the requirement of health commission and ecological environment relevant standard, and the waste gas of emission, waste water accord with ecological environment relevant standard's requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
(1) the utility model can uniformly heat the solid medical waste by the friction heat generated when the solid medical waste is fully ground and smashed, has high heating efficiency and can ensure the complete sterilization of the solid medical waste inside;
(2) use the utility model discloses a device based on frictional heat is to medical discarded object disinfection and sterilization handles on the spot medical discarded object, can save links such as solid medical discarded object storage, transportation, effectively reduces in the transportation vehicle and discharges, the environmental pollution that the wastes material was abandoned and is brought.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of an apparatus for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention without limiting it.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
An embodiment of a device for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat is shown in figures 1 and 2, and comprises a sterilization chamber 1 suitable for containing the waste, wherein a rotor 1-2 with vanes or blades 1-1 is arranged in the sterilization chamber 1 and can be used for grinding or crushing the waste, and a water spraying system 1-3 is arranged above the sterilization chamber 1 and is used for spraying water to cool sterilized residues; a temperature sensor 1-4 is arranged in the sterilization cavity 1 and used for accurately measuring the temperature of the materials in the sterilization cavity 1 in real time; drive means (not shown) capable of bringing the rotor to a speed such that the temperature generated by friction is sufficient to sterilize or disinfect the waste, and to maintain this temperature inside the chamber; a control system (not shown in the figure) which can control the whole process and can control the rotation condition of the rotor in the sterilization cavity, the condition of a water supply pipeline and the charging and discharging stages according to the actual temperature; the two-stage filter realizes the purification of particulate matters in the exhaust gas and the removal of steam in the gas flow and comprises a first-stage filter 2-1 and a second-stage filter 2-2; wherein, Raschig ring packing 2-12 is arranged in the first-stage filter 2-1, and a water spraying system 2-11 from top to bottom is arranged above the packing; pall ring packing 2-21 is arranged in the second-stage filter 2-2; the high-efficiency air filter 3 is used for further purifying particles and microorganisms in the waste gas, a carbon filter layer 3-1 and an absolute filter layer 3-2 are sequentially arranged in the high-efficiency air filter 3 from bottom to top, and the main components of the carbon filter layer 3-1 and the absolute filter layer 3-2 are respectively activated carbon and glass fiber; a pipeline fan 4 is arranged above the high-efficiency air filter 3, and can continuously pump the gas in the container and the pipeline outwards, so that the container is always in a negative pressure state; an exhaust line 5 for discharging exhaust gas and wastewater generated by the operation; the water supply and drainage pipeline provides water source required by operation; other auxiliary facilities, an ultraviolet lamp (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the warehouse 6 with the device for disinfection, and a fan 7 is arranged in the warehouse 6 with the device for maintaining the negative pressure state in the whole warehouse 6 and ensuring that the interior of the warehouse 6 is always in a low environmental risk state.
An exhaust port is arranged above the sterilization cavity 1 and is communicated with an air inlet below the first-stage filter 2-1, an exhaust port above the first-stage filter 2-1 is communicated with an air inlet below the second-stage filter 2-2, an exhaust port above the second-stage filter 2-2 is communicated with an exhaust port above the high-efficiency air filter 3, and a pipeline fan 4 is arranged between the exhaust port above the high-efficiency air filter 3 and an exhaust pipeline 5.
Waste gas generated in the sterilization cavity 1 sequentially passes through the first-stage filter 2-1, the second-stage filter 2-2 and the high-efficiency air filter 3 and is exhausted by the exhaust pipeline 5.
Before sterilization, the ultraviolet lamp is turned on, the fan 7 in the warehouse is operated, and the micro negative pressure state in the warehouse is maintained.
A certain load of medical waste is weighed and added into the sterilization cavity 1, if the medical waste does not contain components capable of providing humidity, tap water or other components capable of providing humidity of about 5-20% is required to be added into the medical waste, and a cavity door is closed.
And (3) pressing a control switch, automatically operating the process, after about 20-50min, when the temperature sensors 1-4 detect that the temperature of the material is increased to 150 ℃, immediately starting cooling water in the sterilization cavity 1 to cool the material to 95 ℃, finishing the process, automatically discharging, sounding a prompt to take out residues, and finishing sterilization.
Because of the existence of the pipeline fan 4, the waste gas in the sterilization cavity 1 is continuously pumped out and discharged after passing through the two-stage filter and the high-efficiency air filter 3, and the sewage generated in the sterilization process is discharged by a sewage pipe.
After the medical waste is sterilized, residues, waste gas and waste water after sterilization are detected, and the detection results are shown in tables 1-4.
TABLE 1 results of the sterilization effect test
Note: ND represents not detected
Table 2 exhaust gas detection results
Table 3 detection results of malodorous substances in exhaust gas
Note: ND represents not detected
TABLE 4 detection results of discharged wastewater
Note: ND represents not detected
The above results illustrate that: the medical waste is successfully sterilized, the discharge amount or discharge concentration of waste gas and waste water is low, and the environmental risk is controllable.
The above-mentioned embodiment is right the technical scheme and the beneficial effect of the utility model have carried out the detailed description, it should be understood to be above only do the concrete embodiment of the utility model, and not be used for the restriction the utility model discloses, the fan is in any modification, supplementary and equivalence replacement etc. of doing in the principle scope of the utility model all should be contained within the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. The device for sterilizing medical wastes based on frictional heat is characterized by comprising a chamber, wherein the chamber is internally provided with:
the closed sterilization cavity is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge opening, a water supply opening, a water discharge opening, a gas supply opening and a gas exhaust opening, and a rotor with blades is arranged in the closed sterilization cavity and is used for grinding or crushing the waste and generating heat through the friction between the blades and the waste to sterilize; the water supply port is communicated with a water spraying system which sprays water into the sterilization cavity;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature in the sterilization cavity and transmitting the temperature to the control system;
the driving device drives the rotor to rotate and adopts the frequency converter to control the rotating speed of the rotor;
an exhaust line communicating with the exhaust port;
the water supply pipeline and the water discharge pipeline are respectively communicated with the water supply port and the water discharge port;
the filter is arranged between the exhaust port and the exhaust pipeline and is used for purifying particulate matters, microorganisms and steam in the exhaust gas;
the pipeline fan is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and used for enabling the sterilization cavity and the exhaust pipeline to be in a negative pressure state;
the control system controls the rotation of the rotor and the water spraying system according to the temperature in the sterilization cavity and also controls the charging and discharging processes;
an ultraviolet lamp for disinfection of the chamber;
and the fan is used for keeping the chamber in a negative pressure state.
2. An apparatus for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat as defined in claim 1 wherein a plurality of stationary impact plates are provided on the inner wall of the sterilization chamber; the fixed impact plate is provided with a blade.
3. An apparatus for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat as defined in claim 1, wherein said filter includes a primary filter, a secondary filter and a high efficiency air filter; the waste gas in the sterilization cavity sequentially passes through the primary filter, the secondary filter and the high-efficiency air filter.
4. An apparatus for disinfecting and sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat according to claim 3, wherein the packing in the primary filter and the secondary filter is Raschig rings or pall rings; and spray heads are arranged in the primary filter and the secondary filter, and the flow direction of spray water is opposite to the flow direction of waste gas.
5. An apparatus for sterilization of medical waste based on frictional heat according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the primary filter and the secondary filter are provided with a waste water discharge port, and the waste water discharge ports of the primary filter and the secondary filter are merged with the water discharge port of the sterilization chamber.
6. An apparatus for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat according to claim 3, wherein the high efficiency air filter is composed of a carbon filter and an absolute filter; the filler of the carbon filter is activated carbon; the filler of the absolute filter is glass fiber.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022167929.7U CN214286078U (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2020-09-28 | Device for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat |
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| CN202022167929.7U CN214286078U (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2020-09-28 | Device for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat |
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| CN202022167929.7U Active CN214286078U (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2020-09-28 | Device for sterilizing medical waste based on frictional heat |
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