CN111109013A - Plant planting improvement method for saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Plant planting improvement method for saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111109013A CN111109013A CN201911387025.0A CN201911387025A CN111109013A CN 111109013 A CN111109013 A CN 111109013A CN 201911387025 A CN201911387025 A CN 201911387025A CN 111109013 A CN111109013 A CN 111109013A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant planting and improving method for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of applying desulfurized gypsum to the saline-alkali soil in advance to deeply turn and flatten the saline-alkali soil, alternately forming high ridges and low ridges in spring, applying acidic compound fertilizer and fertilizer auxiliary agent to the high ridges, applying humic acid fertilizer to the low ridges, planting agropyron in the high ridges to reduce the saline-alkali property of the soil, planting juncus effuses in the low ridges to absorb water discharged by the high ridges, and mutually promoting the growth of plants in the high ridges and the low ridges to jointly improve the saline-alkali soil. The invention combines the two plants of the iceberg and the juncus roemerianus with respective fertilizers to mutually promote the growth, thereby playing the role of improving the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement methods, in particular to a plant planting improvement method for saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali soil improvement method generally comprises water conservancy improvement, agricultural technology improvement, biological improvement, chemical improvement and the like. The biological improvement comprises planting and turning over green manure pasture, returning straw to the field, applying bacterial manure, planting salt-tolerant plants, planting trees and the like, improves the soil fertility, improves the soil structure, improves the microclimate of the farmland, reduces the evaporation of water on the ground surface and inhibits the salt return. The planting of salt-tolerant plants and salt-absorbing plants is an important direction of biological improvement, and patent CN108738458B discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using iced vegetable planting and straw double-layer salt control, but the method needs ditching, laying straws at the bottom of the ditch and then covering soil to plant iced vegetables, has large engineering quantity, is troublesome to realize, has high cost, and cannot meet the requirements of low cost and high-efficiency improvement of the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a plant planting improvement method for saline-alkali soil, which has good effect and high economic benefit.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a plant planting improvement method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) adding desulfurized gypsum into the saline-alkali soil 1-2 months in winter to deeply turn and level the saline-alkali soil; (2) leveling the land in spring, and alternately forming high ridges and low ridges at intervals; the height of each high ridge is 25-35 CM, the height of each low ridge is 10-15 CM, and the center distance between every two adjacent high ridges and every two adjacent low ridges is 10-20 CM; (3) applying an acidic compound fertilizer and a fertilizer auxiliary agent to the high ridges, wherein the fertilizer auxiliary agent comprises cellulose-based activated carbon; (4) applying humic acid fertilizer on low ridges; (5) planting the iced vegetables in the high ridges at the ground temperature of more than 20 ℃ in 5 months per year, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30 CM, and planting the juncus roemerianus in the low ridges at the plant spacing of 30-40 CM in 4-5 months per year; (6) harvesting branch stems and leaves for multiple times before the iced vegetable is planted for 2 months and blooms, harvesting seeds in autumn joints, pulling out, and harvesting stems of juncus effuses in autumn.
Further, the fertilizer auxiliary agent in the step (3) also comprises one or two of zeolite or montmorillonite.
Further, the acidic compound fertilizer in the step (3) comprises humic acid fertilizer.
Further, the acid compound fertilizer: cellulose-based activated carbon: the proportion of other fertilizer additives is 1: 0.3-0.5: 0.5 to 0.8.
Further, the application amount of the acidic compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 200-300 kg per mu, and the application amount of the humic acid in the step (4) is 200-300 kg per mu.
Further, the application amount of the desulfurized gypsum in the step (1) is 500-1000 kg per mu.
The invention plants and main fertilizer auxiliary agent:
(1) and (3) iced vegetables: the Bingyezhonghua is a annual or biennial herb of the family Aicaceae, genus Rizhonghua. Stem creeping, leaf intertriginous, flat, fleshy, oval or spoonform, hugging the stem tightly, with shiny particles. The flower is single axillary, and the flower stem is almost not generated; most petals are longer than sepals, flowers are white or rose-red, and fruits are capsules. The native south Africa nanometer Biya land has been introduced and cultivated in many places in the world. Preference to sunlight, drought and saline-alkali resistance. Fear of cold, high temperature, summer heat and waterlogging. The cultivation method is suitable for growth in an environment with good drainage conditions, the serious influence on the cultivation can be caused by excessive water application or unfavorable drainage, and the cultivation is not suitable for areas with excessive rainwater.
(2) Rush, rush: can be used as Chinese medicine, the stem is cut from late summer to autumn, dried in the sun, the stem marrow is taken out, straightened and bundled into a small bundle. Rush is native to the warm, humid and sunny environment favored by rush in Asia, Europe and North America. Cold-resistant, afraid of dry and early. The growth temperature is between 15 and 25 ℃, and the growth temperature can resist the low temperature of-15 ℃ in winter. Fertile, clay loam is preferred.
(3) Cellulose-based activated carbon: the surface of the active carbon contains hydroxyl, carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl, so that the active carbon has good adsorption effect on gas and organic matters, but is not obvious enough in ion adsorption, and the cellulose-based active carbon can have good adsorption effect on metal cations after being improved.
(4) Zeolite: the zeolite is a mineral with an internal structure and crystallization chemical properties, has stronger ion substitution amount and good selectivity and adsorbability, is used as an agricultural soil conditioner, after the zeolite is applied, the physical and chemical properties of soil and the structure of the soil are obviously improved, and the salt content of the soil, particularly the content of Na ions, is obviously reduced due to the adsorption of the zeolite.
(5) Montmorillonite: is a layered mineral composed of very fine-grained hydrous aluminosilicate, also called as montmorillonite and microcrystalline kaolinite. It is the main component of bentonite formed by the alteration of igneous rocks such as volcanic concretion rocks. The important clay minerals are generally in the form of lumps or earths. The clay mineral with a three-layer sheet structure consisting of 0.33 (Na, Ca) 2 (Al, Mg)2[ Si4O10] (OH) 2. nH2O, aluminum oxygen octahedron in the middle and silicon oxygen tetrahedron on the upper and lower layers contains water and some exchange cations in the interlayer of a crystal structure, has higher ion exchange capacity and higher water absorption and expansion capacity. Montmorillonite crystal belongs to monoclinic system hydrous layered structure silicate mineral.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the iced vegetable is good for sunshine, drought and salt and alkali. The main requirements on the soil are that the soil cannot be over-wet and the water drainage property is good, however, the saline-alkali soil is generally hardened, so that the fertilizer auxiliary agents which can change the soil structure, such as cellulose-based activated carbon, zeolite, montmorillonite and the like, are added into the ridges for planting the ice vegetables to change the permeability and the water drainage property of the soil, the added cellulose-based activated carbon, zeolite and montmorillonite can adsorb Na ions and other ions in the soil while changing the soil structure, and the Na ions and the like are replaced to be substances which can be absorbed and utilized by the ice vegetables and the like under the condition of being matched with humic acid fertilizer, so that the salt absorption of the ice vegetables is facilitated, the growth of the ice vegetables is promoted, and the soil improvement is promoted; meanwhile, due to the problem of high and low ridge topography, water is drained into the low ridges, juncus roemerianus in the low ridges is a plant which is loving moisture and sticky loam, can absorb redundant water and keep the high ridges of the iced vegetables dry, is salt-alkali resistant, does not absorb salt, is slightly weaker than the iced vegetables in salt resistance, and can grow by means of the low salt-alkali soil after the iced vegetables absorb salt.
The invention has the following effects: according to the invention, the iced vegetables and the juncus effuses are alternately planted in high and low ridges, the iced vegetables can provide a low saline-alkali soil environment for the juncus effuses, the juncus effuses can provide a dry soil environment for the iced vegetables, and the iced vegetables and the juncus effuses are matched with each other to promote growth, so that the improvement of the saline-alkali soil can be completed in cooperation. The invention has potential market value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the planting of Bingcai and Juncus effusus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Adding desulfurized gypsum into the saline-alkali soil 1-2 months in winter to deeply turn and level the saline-alkali soil; (2) leveling the land in spring, and alternately forming high ridges and low ridges at intervals; the height of the high ridge is 25CM, the height of the low ridge is 10CM, and the center distance between every two adjacent high ridges and low ridges is 10 CM; (3) applying an acidic compound fertilizer and a fertilizer auxiliary agent to the high ridges, wherein the fertilizer auxiliary agent comprises cellulose-based activated carbon; (4) applying humic acid fertilizer on low ridges; (5) planting the iced vegetables in the high ridges at the ground temperature of more than 20 ℃ in 5 months per year, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30 CM, and planting the juncus roemerianus in the low ridges at the plant spacing of 30-40 CM in 4-5 months per year; (6) harvesting branch stems and leaves for multiple times before the iced vegetable is planted for 2 months and blooms, harvesting seeds in autumn joints, pulling out, and harvesting stems of juncus effuses in autumn. Further, the fertilizer auxiliary agent in the step (3) also comprises one or two of zeolite or montmorillonite. The acidic compound fertilizer in the step (3) is a humic acid fertilizer, and the acidic compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: cellulose-based activated carbon: the proportion of other fertilizer additives is 1: 0.3: 0.5. the application amount of the acid compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 200-300 kg per mu, and the application amount of the humic acid in the step (4) is 200-300 kg per mu. The application amount of the desulfurized gypsum in the step (1) is 500-1000 kg per mu.
Example 2
(1) Adding desulfurized gypsum into the saline-alkali soil 1-2 months in winter to deeply turn and level the saline-alkali soil; (2) leveling the land in spring, and alternately forming high ridges and low ridges at intervals; the height of the high ridge is 35CM, the height of the low ridge is 15CM, and the center distance between every two adjacent high ridges and low ridges is 20 CM; (3) applying an acidic compound fertilizer and a fertilizer auxiliary agent to the high ridges, wherein the fertilizer auxiliary agent comprises cellulose-based activated carbon; (4) applying humic acid fertilizer on low ridges; (5) planting the iced vegetables in the high ridges at the ground temperature of more than 20 ℃ in 5 months per year, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30 CM, and planting the juncus roemerianus in the low ridges at the plant spacing of 30-40 CM in 4-5 months per year; (6) harvesting branch stems and leaves for multiple times before the iced vegetable is planted for 2 months and blooms, harvesting seeds in autumn joints, pulling out, and harvesting stems of juncus effuses in autumn. Further, the fertilizer auxiliary agent in the step (3) also comprises one or two of zeolite or montmorillonite. The acidic compound fertilizer in the step (3) is a humic acid fertilizer, and the acidic compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: cellulose-based activated carbon: the proportion of other fertilizer additives is 1: 0.3: 0.5. the application amount of the acid compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 200-300 kg per mu, and the application amount of the humic acid in the step (4) is 200-300 kg per mu. The application amount of the desulfurized gypsum in the step (1) is 500-1000 kg per mu.
Example 3
(1) Adding desulfurized gypsum into the saline-alkali soil 1-2 months in winter to deeply turn and level the saline-alkali soil; (2) leveling the land in spring, and alternately forming high ridges and low ridges at intervals; the height of the high ridge is 30CM, the height of the low ridge is 13CM, and the center distance between every two adjacent high ridges and low ridges is 15 CM; (3) applying an acidic compound fertilizer and a fertilizer auxiliary agent to the high ridges, wherein the fertilizer auxiliary agent comprises cellulose-based activated carbon; (4) applying humic acid fertilizer on low ridges; (5) planting the iced vegetables in the high ridges at the ground temperature of more than 20 ℃ in 5 months per year, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30 CM, and planting the juncus roemerianus in the low ridges at the plant spacing of 30-40 CM in 4-5 months per year; (6) harvesting branch stems and leaves for multiple times before the iced vegetable is planted for 2 months and blooms, harvesting seeds in autumn joints, pulling out, and harvesting stems of juncus effuses in autumn. Further, the fertilizer auxiliary agent in the step (3) also comprises one or two of zeolite or montmorillonite. The acidic compound fertilizer in the step (3) is a humic acid fertilizer, and the acidic compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: cellulose-based activated carbon: the proportion of other fertilizer additives is 1: 0.3: 0.5. the application amount of the acid compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 200-300 kg per mu, and the application amount of the humic acid in the step (4) is 200-300 kg per mu. The application amount of the desulfurized gypsum in the step (1) is 500-1000 kg per mu.
Example 4
Example 4 is substantially the same as example 2, except that the acidic compound fertilizer in step (3) is a humic acid fertilizer, and the acidic compound fertilizer: cellulose-based activated carbon: the proportion of other fertilizer additives is 1: 0.4: 0.65.
Example 5
Example 5 is substantially the same as example 2, except that the acidic compound fertilizer in step (3) is a humic acid fertilizer, and the acidic compound fertilizer: cellulose-based activated carbon: the proportion of other fertilizer additives is 1: 0.5: 0.8.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 on the basis of example 2, all the varieties of ice dishes with the high ridge center distance of 40CM are managed in the same way as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 based on example 2, no cellulose-based activated carbon was included, and the ratio of humic fertilizer to other fertilizer adjuvants was 1: 0.8.
experimental conditions
(1) Salt content test:
the method comprises the following steps of testing when salt is contained in a plurality of adjacent saline-alkali soil in the Dongyijin area, testing the salt content of the soil after land leveling in spring, and testing the salt content of the soil after harvesting land leveling of the Iceland rush in autumn, wherein the test results are as follows:
TABLE 1 results of salt content test
As can be seen from Table 1, in examples 1 to 3, the improvement effect after harvesting of the crops changes with the difference between the heights of the high ridges and the low ridges and the change of the intermediate distance, because the difference between the heights of the high ridges and the low ridges and the intermediate distance in example 2 make the growth of the iced vegetables better and the removal effect of the saline-alkali components in the soil better. In the examples 2, 4 and 5, the removal effect of the saline alkali component in the soil is gradually increased along with the increase of the content of the cellulose-based activated carbon component, because the cellulose-based activated carbon has strong adsorption capacity, and can adsorb more peripheral ions for the iced vegetables, thereby promoting the absorption of the iced vegetables to the saline alkali of the soil. Comparative example 1 is lack of juncus effuses and all the icebergs are planted, although the removal effect of the salt and alkali components in the soil is better from the overall view, the contribution of the single iceberg is reduced, and comparative example 2 is lack of cellulose-based activated carbon, the ion adsorption capacity is reduced, the absorption of the salt and alkali components in the soil by the icebergs is weakened, and the improvement capacity is reduced.
(2) Iced menu plant yield test:
the individual yield of iceberg is obtained by dividing the total yield by the number of strains, and the test results are shown in table 2:
table 2 shows the yield of each plant of iced vegetables
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Yield per plant (kg) | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 |
As can be seen from the above table, in comparative example 1, since the iced vegetables are completely planted and the juncus effuses are not planted, the yield per plant is much lower than that of other examples and comparative examples for planting juncus effuses. It is illustrated that the soil improvement effect of table 1 and the economic efficiency of harvesting are not matched by only planting iced vegetables in comparative example 1.
(3) Economic benefit test
Compared with the income per mu of the comparative example 1, the income per mu of the example 2 can reach about 5 ten thousand yuan, and the income per mu of the comparative example 1 is only about 4 ten thousand yuan, so that the two plants can obtain better economic benefit when planted one by one.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art; where combinations of features are mutually inconsistent or impractical, such combinations should not be considered as being absent and not within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. A plant planting improvement method for saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding desulfurized gypsum into the saline-alkali soil 1-2 months in winter to deeply turn and level the saline-alkali soil;
(2) leveling the land in spring, and alternately forming high ridges and low ridges at intervals; the height of each high ridge is 25-35 CM, the height of each low ridge is 10-15 CM, and the center distance between every two adjacent high ridges and every two adjacent low ridges is 10-20 CM;
(3) applying an acidic compound fertilizer and a fertilizer auxiliary agent to the high ridges, wherein the fertilizer auxiliary agent comprises cellulose-based activated carbon;
(4) applying humic acid fertilizer on low ridges;
(5) planting the iced vegetables in the high ridges at the ground temperature of more than 20 ℃ in 5 months per year, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30 CM, and planting the juncus roemerianus in the low ridges at the plant spacing of 30-40 CM in 4-5 months per year;
(6) harvesting branch stems and leaves for multiple times before the iced vegetable is planted for 2 months and blooms, harvesting seeds in autumn joints, pulling out, and harvesting stems of juncus effuses in autumn.
2. The method for improving the plant cultivation of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer auxiliary agent in the step (3) also comprises one or two of zeolite or montmorillonite.
3. The method for improving the plant cultivation of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the acidic compound fertilizer in the step (3) comprises humic acid fertilizer.
4. The method for improving the plant cultivation of saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: the acid compound fertilizer comprises the following components: cellulose-based activated carbon: the proportion of other fertilizer additives is 1: 0.3-0.5: 0.5 to 0.8.
5. The method for improving the plant cultivation of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the application amount of the acidic compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 200-300 kg per mu, and the application amount of the humic acid in the step (4) is 200-300 kg per mu.
6. The method for improving the plant cultivation of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the application amount of the desulfurized gypsum in the step (1) is 500-1000 kg per mu.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112400500A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-26 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞工程技术研究所 | Cultivation method for improving saline-alkali soil through rape and medlar intercropping |
| CN113170713A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Ridging and salt-inhibiting efficient cultivation method for medium-saline-alkali soil beet |
| CN113575307A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 辽宁辰龙入海农业有限公司 | Multi-crop mixed planting method based on high-low planting technology |
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| CN113575307A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 辽宁辰龙入海农业有限公司 | Multi-crop mixed planting method based on high-low planting technology |
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