CN212572122U - Constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger - Google Patents
Constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger Download PDFInfo
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- CN212572122U CN212572122U CN202021239397.7U CN202021239397U CN212572122U CN 212572122 U CN212572122 U CN 212572122U CN 202021239397 U CN202021239397 U CN 202021239397U CN 212572122 U CN212572122 U CN 212572122U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a constant current voltage limiting auto-power-off charger, it includes: the AC-DC switching power supply direct current low-voltage circuit; the constant current voltage limiting circuit is used for adjusting charging current and is connected to the output end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply; the electric quantity detection circuit judges the electric quantity of the battery through a high level output by the comparator, and is connected with the output end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit; and the automatic power-off detection circuit is disconnected with the power grid by releasing the relay when the voltage of the battery reaches a rated value, and is connected with the output end and the input end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit. The battery can be charged quickly and safely, and the charger is disconnected from the power grid after the battery is charged completely, so that the phenomenon that the internal components are aged and overheated due to the fact that the alternating current end is not broken is avoided, and the charger is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to battery charging outfit technical field especially involves a constant current voltage limiting auto-power-off charger.
Background
The sealed lead-acid storage battery often causes the phenomenon of premature scrapping of the battery due to unreasonable charging mode, and the current power-off scheme implemented by the chargers for electric vehicles and mobile phones is basically to cut off a direct current part, an alternating current input voltage is not cut off, and the chargers are not pulled out from a socket for a long time to cause accelerated aging of electronic devices inside the chargers, particularly electrolytic capacitors, so that the service life and the charging efficiency of the chargers are influenced, and the capacitors can be exploded under severe conditions, so that the danger of fire is caused.
Therefore, there is a need for a constant current voltage limiting auto-power-off charger that can address one or more of the above problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve one or more problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a constant current voltage limiting auto-power-off charger. The utility model discloses a solve the technical scheme that above-mentioned problem adopted and be: a constant current voltage limiting auto-power off charger, comprising: the AC-DC switching power supply direct current low voltage circuit is provided with: the input electromagnetic interference filter, the rectification filter circuit, the power conversion circuit, the PWM controller circuit, the output rectification filter circuit and the auxiliary circuit;
the constant current voltage limiting circuit is used for adjusting charging current, and the constant current voltage limiting circuit performs low current charging when the battery voltage is lower than a rated value and performs high current charging when the battery voltage is higher than the rated value; the constant current voltage-limiting circuit is converted into voltage-limiting float charge when the battery is nearly fully charged, the charging current gradually decreases to the full charge and provides the charging current after the full charge so as to supplement the electric quantity lost by the self-discharge of the battery, and the constant current voltage-limiting circuit is connected with the output end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply;
electric quantity detection circuitry, electric quantity detection circuitry includes: the battery power detection circuit judges the battery power through the high level output by the comparator, and is connected to the output end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit;
and the automatic power-off detection circuit is disconnected with the power grid by releasing the relay when the voltage of the battery reaches a rated value, and is connected with the output end and the input end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit.
Further, still include: and the lightning protection circuit is connected to the input end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply, consumes high-voltage energy on a piezoresistor on the lightning protection circuit, and burns out a fuse to protect a rear-stage circuit when the current is overlarge.
Further, the auxiliary circuit includes: the input overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit, the output overcurrent protection circuit and the output short circuit protection circuit.
Furthermore, the input end of the direct-current low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply is connected with a filter circuit, and the filter circuit is a double-N type filter network.
Furthermore, the constant-current voltage-limiting circuit is provided with a reverse polarity protection circuit and a charging indication circuit, the reverse polarity protection circuit limits output current when the battery is reversely connected, and the charging indication circuit prompts the charging state of the battery through an LED lamp.
Furthermore, the electric quantity detection circuit is provided with at least 4 comparators, and the comparator is connected with the LED lamp, and the LED lamp is lighted through the comparator output high level to show battery electric quantity.
Further, still include: the USB charging detection circuit is provided with a USB charging identification chip and used for identifying different charging interfaces, and the USB charging detection circuit is connected with the output end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit.
The utility model discloses the beneficial effect who gains is: the utility model discloses a will AC-DC switching power supply direct current low voltage circuit constant current voltage limiting circuit electric quantity detection circuitry automatic outage detection circuitry and other configuration circuit link together through ingenious overall arrangement, realize carrying out quick charge to lithium cell, lead acid battery, carry out the disconnection with charger and electric wire netting and need not to extract the charger from the socket after the completion of charging simultaneously, and then improve the inside electron device's of charger life and the factor of safety of use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit connection block diagram of the constant-current voltage-limiting auto-power-off charger of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DC low-voltage circuit of an AC-DC switching power supply of the constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage limiting circuit of the constant current voltage limiting automatic power-off charger of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power-off detection circuit of the constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electric quantity detection circuit of the constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the USB charging detection circuit of the constant-current voltage-limiting auto-power-off charger of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, as those skilled in the art will be able to make similar modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the utility model discloses a constant current voltage limiting auto-power-off charger, it includes: the AC-DC switching power supply direct current low voltage circuit is provided with: the input electromagnetic interference filter, the rectification filter circuit, the power conversion circuit, the PWM controller circuit, the output rectification filter circuit and the auxiliary circuit;
the constant-current voltage-limiting circuit is used for carrying out low-current charging when the voltage of the battery is lower than a rated value and carrying out high-current charging when the voltage of the battery is higher than the rated value; the constant current voltage-limiting circuit is converted into voltage-limiting float charge when the battery is nearly fully charged, the charging current gradually decreases to the full charge and provides the charging current after the full charge so as to supplement the electric quantity lost by the self-discharge of the battery, and the constant current voltage-limiting circuit is connected with the output end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply;
electric quantity detection circuitry, electric quantity detection circuitry includes: the battery power detection circuit judges the battery power through the high level output by the comparator, and is connected to the output end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit;
and the automatic power-off detection circuit is disconnected with the power grid by releasing the relay when the voltage of the battery reaches a rated value, and is connected with the output end and the input end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, the power conversion circuit has the following principle: the buffer composed of R15, R17, R18 and D5 is connected in parallel with the switch MOS transistor, so that the voltage of the switch MOS transistor is reduced, the EMI is reduced, and secondary breakdown is avoided. When the switching tube Q1 is turned off, the primary winding of the transformer is prone to generate peak voltage and peak current, and these elements, combined together, can absorb the peak voltage and current well. The current peak signals measured from R19, R20 participate in the duty cycle control of the present operating cycle and are therefore the current limit for the present operating cycle. When the voltage on the R19 and the R20 reaches 1V, the U1 stops working, and the switching tube Q1 is immediately turned off. Wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, C3, R8 and D6 are spike voltage absorption loops. During operation, when the output voltage rises and is divided by the sampling resistors R24, R26 and R25, the voltage of the pin 3 of the D7 rises, when the voltage exceeds the reference voltage of the pin 2 of the U1, the pin 1 of the U1 outputs a high level, the light-emitting diode of the optical coupler U2 emits light, the potential of the pin 2 of the photoelectric triode conducting U1 correspondingly becomes low, and therefore the duty ratio of the output of the pin 6 of the U1 is changed to be reduced, and the U0 is reduced. When the output U0 is reduced, the voltage of the pin 3 of the U1 is reduced, when the voltage is lower than the reference voltage of the pin 2 of the U1, the pin 1 of the U1 outputs a low level, at the moment, the Q1 is not conducted, the light emitting diode of the optocoupler U2 does not emit light, the phototriode is not conducted, the potential of the pin 2 of the U1 is increased, and therefore the duty ratio of the output of the pin 6 of the U1 is changed to be increased, and the U0 is reduced. And the operation is repeated, so that the output voltage is kept stable.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the method further includes: the lightning protection circuit is connected to the input end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply and is protected by a COV circuit; the function is to dissipate high-voltage energy to the piezoresistor on the lightning protection circuit, and to burn the fuse FR1 when the current is too large so as to protect the rear-stage circuit. The auxiliary circuit includes: the input over-voltage and under-voltage protection circuit, the output over-current protection circuit and the output short-circuit protection circuit protect charging.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, an input end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply is connected to an input filter circuit and an input filter circuit, and the input filter circuit are both double N-type filter networks. The filter circuit consists of CX1, L2 and L3; the input filter circuit is composed of C1, L1 and C2, and is used for suppressing electromagnetic noise and clutter signals of an input power supply, preventing power supply interference and simultaneously preventing high-frequency clutter generated by the power supply from interfering a power grid, wherein CX1 is a safety capacitor, and L2 and L3 are differential mode inductors.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the constant current voltage limiting circuit is provided with a reverse polarity protection circuit and a charging indication circuit, the reverse polarity protection circuit limits output current when the battery is reversely connected, and the charging indication circuit prompts the charging state of the battery through an LED lamp. The constant current voltage limiting circuit has an implementation mode that: the charging process of the constant current voltage limiting circuit comprises the following steps: maintaining and charging, when the voltage of the battery is lower (can be set, the circuit is preset below 11V), the charger works in a low-current maintaining and charging state, the working principle is that the potential of a U6C10 pin (in-phase end) is lower than that of a 9 pin (in-phase end), the U6C8 outputs low potential, Q7 is cut off, and the charging current is about 250mA at the moment (a constant-current voltage limiting circuit is formed by peripheral circuits such as R53, U6D and Q4); the quick charging is carried out, the battery voltage gradually rises along with the continuation of the maintenance charging, when the battery voltage exceeds 11V, the charger is switched into a large-current quick charging mode, the potential of a U6C10 pin (in-phase end) is higher than that of a U9 pin (in-phase end), the U6C8 outputs high potential, Q7 is conducted, and at the moment, the charger constantly outputs about 2A current to charge the battery; when the battery is close to full charge, the charger automatically shifts to the voltage-limiting floating state (the voltage-limiting floating charge voltage is set to 14.8V, if the voltage is 12V, the floating charge voltage is set to 14V), the charging current at the moment is gradually reduced from the rapid charging state until the battery is fully charged, and the charging current is only 10-30 mA so as to supplement the electric quantity lost by the self-discharge of the battery.
Note that, as shown in fig. 3, the reverse polarity protection circuit is composed of D13, U6C, U6D, Q4, and peripheral elements; the charging indicating circuit is composed of U6A, LED5 and peripheral elements, wherein the LED5 is lightened during charging, and the LED5 is extinguished when the charging enters a voltage-limiting floating charging state to indicate that the charging is finished. Meanwhile, the charging current and the floating charging voltage can be adjusted at will by modifying the circuit parameters so as to meet the requirements of batteries with different specifications.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, one embodiment of the automatic power-off detection circuit is: r30 and R31 are divided into a 3-pin in-phase end of U3, and R29 and R28 are divided into an opposite-phase end of U3; when the battery BAT + voltage is fully charged to 14.8V, the voltage of the pin 3 of the U3 is higher than that of the pin 2, the pin 1 of the U3 outputs high potential, the Q2 is powered on, the Q3 is switched from on to off, the relay K1 is released, and the K1 cuts off the power supply. Therefore, no voltage is supplied to the input end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply, and the next charging can be carried out by only pressing the SW2 switch to start.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the power detection circuit is provided with 4 comparators, the comparators are connected with the LED lamps, and the LED lamps are lighted up by the output of high level of the comparators to represent the battery power, wherein the more the comparators are, the more the displayed battery power value is. One embodiment of the power detection circuit is as follows: the voltage divider circuit comprises four comparators, wherein a voltage dividing circuit consisting of resistors R38 and R39 is a battery voltage sampling circuit and provides reverse-phase voltage for all the comparators, the in-phase voltage of the comparators is also formed by the voltage dividing circuit, a resistor R44 is a current-limiting resistor of a voltage regulator tube D10, and then the voltage is divided by resistors R37, R33, R34, R35 and R36 to respectively provide the reverse-phase voltage for the four comparators. It can be calculated that when the battery is fully charged, the voltage at the point A is 3.6V, the voltage at the point B is 3.5V, the voltage at the point C is 3.4V, the voltage at the point D is 3.3V, and the voltage at the opposite end of the comparator is 3.7V, so that all four comparators output low level, and the light-emitting diode is lighted to indicate full charge. When the battery voltage drops below 11V, the inverted reference voltage of the comparator will be lower than 3.6V, and the voltages at points a, B, C and D are not changed, so the U4A comparator will invert to output high level, and the LED1 is turned off, indicating that the battery power is only three grids left. By analogy, when the battery voltage is lower than 10V, 9.7V and 9.2V, the LEDs are sequentially turned off. When all LEDs are off, it indicates that the battery should be replaced or charged as soon as possible.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the method further includes: the USB charging detection circuit is provided with a USB charging identification chip and used for identifying different charging interfaces, and the USB charging detection circuit is connected to the output end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit and automatically adjusts charging current through a mobile phone.
As shown in fig. 1, the flow of an embodiment of the present invention is: an external alternating current power grid is input to a lightning protection circuit on the charger, denoises and prevents interference through an EMI circuit, then passes through a power conversion circuit, then passes through a rectification filter circuit, and then is output to a voltage limiting circuit, a constant current voltage limiting circuit, a USB charging circuit and an electric quantity indicating circuit, wherein the constant current voltage limiting circuit is used as a main charging output port, and when a battery is reversely connected and the voltage limiting circuit is matched, the output voltage is reduced; in order to stabilize the voltage of the power conversion circuit and the protection circuit, the voltage is sampled at the output end of the rectification filter circuit and then is output to the PWM controller through a voltage stabilizing loop to feed back and control the power conversion circuit, meanwhile, the output end of the rectification filter circuit is connected with a current limiting protection circuit, an output overvoltage protection circuit and a short-circuit protection circuit, and the protection circuit is connected to the PWM controller to realize the protection of the circuit; and finally, in order to ensure that the charger is disconnected with a power grid, the output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit is connected with an automatic power-off detection circuit, and the automatic power-off detection circuit controls the output of an external alternating current power grid, so that the alternating current end and the direct current end are thoroughly disconnected, the service life of the charger is prolonged, and the safety factor is improved.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a will AC-DC switching power supply direct current low voltage circuit constant current voltage limiting circuit electric quantity detection circuitry automatic outage detection circuitry and other configuration circuit link together through ingenious overall arrangement, realize carrying out quick charge to lithium cell, lead acid battery, carry out the disconnection with charger and electric wire netting and need not to extract the charger from the socket after the completion of charging simultaneously, and then improve the inside electron device's of charger life and the factor of safety of use.
The above-described embodiments merely represent one or more embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and concrete, but are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger is characterized by comprising: the AC-DC switching power supply direct current low voltage circuit is provided with: the input electromagnetic interference filter, the rectification filter circuit, the power conversion circuit, the PWM controller circuit, the output rectification filter circuit and the auxiliary circuit;
the constant current voltage limiting circuit is used for adjusting charging current, and the constant current voltage limiting circuit performs low current charging when the battery voltage is lower than a rated value and performs high current charging when the battery voltage is higher than the rated value; the constant current voltage-limiting circuit is converted into voltage-limiting float charge when the battery is nearly fully charged, the charging current gradually decreases to the full charge and provides the charging current after the full charge so as to supplement the electric quantity lost by the self-discharge of the battery, and the constant current voltage-limiting circuit is connected with the output end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply;
electric quantity detection circuitry, electric quantity detection circuitry includes: the battery power detection circuit judges the battery power through the high level output by the comparator, and is connected to the output end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit;
and the automatic power-off detection circuit is disconnected with the power grid by releasing the relay when the voltage of the battery reaches a rated value, and is connected with the output end and the input end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit.
2. The constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger according to claim 1, further comprising: and the lightning protection circuit is connected to the input end of the DC low-voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply, consumes high-voltage energy on a piezoresistor on the lightning protection circuit, and burns out a fuse to protect a rear-stage circuit when the current is overlarge.
3. The constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary circuit comprises: the input overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit, the output overcurrent protection circuit and the output short circuit protection circuit.
4. The charger according to claim 1, wherein an input filter circuit is connected to an input end of the DC low voltage circuit of the AC-DC switching power supply, and the input filter circuit is a double N-type filter network.
5. The constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger according to claim 1, wherein the constant-current voltage-limiting circuit is provided with a reverse polarity protection circuit and a charging indication circuit, the reverse polarity protection circuit limits output current when a battery is reversely connected, and the charging indication circuit prompts the charging state of the battery through an LED lamp.
6. The constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger according to claim 1, wherein the electric quantity detection circuit is provided with at least 4 comparators, the comparators are connected with the LED lamp, and the LED lamp is lighted up through the output high level of the comparators to indicate the electric quantity of the battery.
7. The constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger according to claim 1, further comprising: the USB charging detection circuit is provided with a USB charging identification chip and used for identifying different charging interfaces, and the USB charging detection circuit is connected with the output end of the AC-DC switching power supply direct-current low-voltage circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021239397.7U CN212572122U (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021239397.7U CN212572122U (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Constant-current voltage-limiting automatic power-off charger |
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| CN212572122U true CN212572122U (en) | 2021-02-19 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114039396A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-11 | 江西意孚欧科技有限公司 | Electronic communication equipment charging protection device with protection battery |
-
2020
- 2020-06-30 CN CN202021239397.7U patent/CN212572122U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114039396A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-11 | 江西意孚欧科技有限公司 | Electronic communication equipment charging protection device with protection battery |
| CN114039396B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-12-13 | 国网甘肃省电力公司金昌供电公司 | Electronic communication equipment charging protection device capable of protecting battery |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20210219 |